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The Conflict Did Not Bring Us Flowers

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The Conflict Did Not Bring Us Flowers TECHNICAL REPORT THE CONFLICT DID NOT BRING US FLOWERS The Need for Comprehensive Reparations for Survivors of Conflict- Related Sexual Violence in Kosovo The Need for Comprehensive Reparations for Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Kosovo 1 © UN Women 2016. All rights reserved. Manufactured in Kosovo ISBN: 978-1-63214-053-1 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of UN Women, the United Nations or any of its affiliated organizations. All references to Kosovo in this report should be understood in full compliance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) and without prejudice to the status of Kosovo. Produced by UN Women Kosovo with the support of the Peace and Security Section in New York. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union.Author: Siobhan Hobbs Design: Fjolla Shllaku Nimani Printer: Digi Print View the report at: http://eca.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2016/08/the-conflict-did-not-bring-us-flowers TECHNICAL REPORT THE CONFLICT DID NOT BRING US FLOWERS The Need for Comprehensive Reparations for Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Kosovo UN WOMEN Prishtinë / Priština, July 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 Violence Victims During the Kosovo Liberation War 53 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 6 D. To Non-Government Institutions and EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 Actors 54 I. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY 11 ANNEXES 55 A. Introduction 11 Annex I: Summary of Reparative Initiatives for Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence B. Methodology 13 in Kosovo 55 Annex II: Summary of Benefits under II. REPARATIONS FOR CONFLICT-RELATED SEX- UAL VIOLENCE: DEFINITIONS, LEGAL FRAME- Law no. 04/L-054 and Law no. 04/L-172 58 WORK, CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICES 17 Annex III: List of Stakeholders Consulted 60 A. Definitions 17 Annex IV: List of Key Documents Consulted 63 B. Legal Framework 19 C. Challenges for the Design of Reparations for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence 20 D. Best Practices to Approaches to Repara- tions for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence 21 III. REPARATIONS FOR CONFLICT-RELATED SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN KOSOVO 27 A. Current Reparative Initiatives for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Kosovo 29 B. Survivor Perspectives on Reparations 36 IV. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A COMPREHEN- SIVE REPARATION PROGRAMME FOR VICTIMS OF CONFLICT-RELATED SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN KOSOVO 49 A. To the Government of Kosovo 49 B. To the Government of Kosovo and Non-Government Institutions and Actors 52 C. To the Government Commission on Recog- nition and Verification of the Status of Sexual 4 The Conflict Did Not Bring Us Flowers ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UN Women expresses its gratitiute to the survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in Kosovo who shared their time, energies and expertise to collaborate and produce this report. The report is in- tended to bring forward their voices and demands for timely and comprehensive reparations. UN Women would like to thank the organizations and individuals involved in the production of this report. Special thanks to Siobhan Hobbs, the author of this report. Appreciation is extended to Koso- vo institutions, officials, and civil society representatives, particularly the fourth President of Kosovo Atifete Jahjaga and members of the National Council on the Survivors of Sexual Violence During the War in Kosovo for their close collaboration and support. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views ex- pressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. The Need for Comprehensive Reparations for Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Kosovo 5 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Timor-Leste Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation CAVR (Acronym from Portuguese title: Comissão de Acolhimento, Verdade e Reconciliaçao) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against CEDAW Women CRSV Conflict-related sexual violence CSO Civil Society Organization DMFWI Department of Martyrs’ Families and War Invalids EULEX The European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo Forum ZFD Forum Civil Peace Service Morocco’s Equity and Reconciliation Commission (Acronym from IER French title: Instance Equité et Réconciliation) Inter-Ministerial Working Group on Dealing with the Past and Recon- IMWG DwPR ciliation KIESA Kosovo Investment and Enterprise Support Agency KLA Kosovo Liberation Army KRCT Kosovo Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Torture KWN Kosovo Women’s Network The National Council on the Survivors of Sexual Violence During the National Council War in Kosovo NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NGO Non-Governmental Organization OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights TÍKA Turkish International Cooperation and Coordination Agency UNMIK United Nations Mission in Kosovo UNSCR United Nations Security Council Resolution United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of UN Women Women United States Agency for International Development Property Rights USAID PRP Program WPS Women, Peace and Security 6 The Conflict Did Not Bring Us Flowers EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Conflict-related sexual violence in Kosovo is and educate their children, in the hope they can an open secret. In the first few years after the provide a better life for them. conflict, scant reports emerged in the public do- main of sexual violence against Albanian wom- In recent years, significant efforts have been en, perpetrated by Serbian police and paramil- undertaken by many actors in Kosovo to up- itary forces. In the mid to late 2000s, whispers hold the rights of survivors to reparation and of sexual violence against other groups, Koso- address their needs. From the innovative struc- var ethnic Roma, Ashkali, Egyptian and Serbs, ture of the National Council on the Survivors of as well as Kosovar men and boys, were heard Sexual Violence During the War in Kosovo (the Na- in the back rooms of organizations providing tional Council) aimed at addressing identified support to survivors of conflict-related sexual imminent needs of survivors, to the fervour of violence. Service providers, women’s civil soci- civil society and members of parliament seeking ety groups and political actors have over time legislative recognition of survivors, to the will- highlighted the occurrence of sexual violence ingness of the central authorities and respective during the conflict in Kosovo, bringing public ministries to be involved in processes to benefit awareness and political action to the needs of survivors, through to the key local level leaders victims and survivors of conflict-related sexual showing public support for survivors. Activities violence during the conflict in Kosovo. and initiatives to date have demonstrated the capacity and willingness of Kosovar authorities Today, the survivors of conflict-related sexual to respond to the needs of survivors of con- violence in Kosovo still face enormous challeng- flict-related sexual violence. However, survivors es. Perceived or actual community attitudes have had limited involvement in these activities, towards victims of sexual violence have led to initiatives and processes, as their requests for several deaths by suicide. An additional small confidentiality and anonymity have often been number have died from domestic violence per- interpreted to indicate a wish not to be involved. petrated against victims in the name of hon- Outside of the organizations that assist them, our. Fear of violence and stigmatization have survivors do not have any avenues to share prevented many from seeking services. Access their views on these matters or to participate in to health, employment, (re)education and (re) relevant decision making processes. skilling services is difficult for most, particularly for those in areas not currently serviced by civil A significant first step towards guaranteeing the society organizations which provide health ser- rights of survivors to reparations has been tak- vices and small scale income generation activi- en with the passing of a legislative framework to ties. The needs of those who have identified as provide reparations to survivors of conflict-re- survivors of conflict-related sexual violence are lated sexual violence. Steps are being taken to not uniform. Access to health care and financial implement the legal framework and establish means are top priorities for many; however, the Government Commission on Recognition and widows, single mothers, those married to peo- Verification of the Status of Sexual Violence Victims ple injured in the war, and people with disabil- During the Kosovo Liberation War (the Commis- ities face additional difficulties. Survivors with sion). Secretariat members of the Commission children focus primarily on their ability to feed have been selected, and processes to select and The Need for Comprehensive Reparations for Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Kosovo 7 train Commission members, secretariat mem- vide for different needs, and avoid sending a bers and authorized civil society and local Gov- message of differentiated value of suffering. ernment officials is under way. However, critical steps such as publishing a call for Commission Meanwhile, survivor heads of household and members to enable their recruitment, and a those with children have specific additional
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