Facts on the Environment
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Institucionet e Përkohshme Vetëqeverisëse / Privremena Institucija Samouprave / Provisional Institutions of Self Government Qeveria e Kosovës / Vlada Kosova / Government of Kosovo Ministria e Shërbimeve Publike / Ministarstvo javnih službi / Ministry of Public Services Statistical Office of Kosovo (SOK) a brief description The Statistical Office of Kosovo, Is a professional office operat- ing since 1948, which passed through some of the historic phases; Serija 3: Ekonomske Statistike it has been structured by the state rule of that time. The Statisti- cal Office of Kosovo restarted its work on August 2, 1999, as an inde-pendent and professional office in the frames of the Ministry of Statistike Spolje Trgovine Public Services. The SOK is financed by the Kosovo Consolidated Budget and donors for various projects. 2006 SOK Organization Structure; Composes of: four productive de- partments (Department of Economic Statistics and National Ac- counts, Department of Population Statistics, Department of Social Statistics and Department of Agricultural and Environment Statis- tics), seven Regional Offices (located in Gjakova, Gjilan, Mitrovica, Peja, Prizren, Pristina and Ferizaj), two support depart-ments (De- partment of Methodology and Information Technology and Depart- ment of Administration), as well as the Office of the Census. Total employees are 134, of them 96 (71.6%) within the SOK of- fices whilst 38 (28.4%) in regional offices. The Office Mission is to fulfill the needs of users for objective statistical data and analyses in order to support government de- partments and provide proper information for decision-makers and other users in Kosovo. Address: Statistical Office of Kosovo Zenel Salihu Str. No: 4, Prishtina Telephone: Head-quarter: +381(038)235 111 Director: +381(038)235 545 Fax: +381(038)235 033 E-mail: [email protected] Web-site: www.ks-gov.net/esk Facts on the Environment Interpretations expressed in this publication are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed, in any manner, to MPS, SOK, or any other institution Suggestions, proposals and remarks for this publication are welcome and will help us to have more effective publications for users. Tel: +381(0) 38235 111, ext 133 Web-faqe: www.ks-gov.net/esk Facts on the Environment Introduction This first publication, on “Facts on the Environment” aims to inform in a statistically manner different users on the environmental status in Kosovo. This modest publication aims also to contribute in “history” of a sustain information on environmental situation in Kosovo. The publication was done by Statistical Office of Kosovo using all the available data sources. They had been put then together in such order to facilitate the portrayal of the environment status. This publication is the result of a close cooperation of the Statistical Office of Kosovo with the Ministry of Environmental and Spatial Planning. Special acknowledgement goes to Statistics Sweden for offering its technical assistance, as well as to the cooperation (SIDA) which made possible the realization the publication. Especially thank goes to Swedish statistics experts Mrs.Marianne Eriksson, Mrs.Ingrid Floren and Statistics Sweden Long-term consultant Mrs.Milva Ekonomi. This publication was prepared by following personnel from Agriculture and Environment Statistics Department at SOK: Bajrush Qevani Mr.sc.Haki Kurti Arta Salihu-Morina Wishing to you all a beneficial use of it, September, 2007 Chief Executive Officer Avni Kastrati 1 Facts on the Environment Abbreviations and Acronyms HBS Households Budget Survey (SOK) AHS Agricultural Household Survey DHS Demographic and Health Survey (SOK) LFS Labor Force Survey (SOK) LSMS Living Standard Measurement Survey EU European Union GDP Gross Domestic Product SOK Statistical Office of Kosovo NPHI National Public Health Institution KEK Electro-energetic Corporation of Kosovo KFOR Kosovo Force MAFRD Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development MESP Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning MPS Ministry of Public Services MH Ministry of Health NAG Fertilizer (Nitrat) NPK Fertilizer (Nitrogen, Phosphorues, Calcareous) URE Fertilizer (URE) UNMIK United Nations Mission in Kosovo SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency WWRO Water and Waste Regulatory Office IUCN World Organization of Nature Conservation LKSH Albanian Red Book LH Kosovo Law on Hunting, 1973. Key to Symbols - Zero : No Data . Not applicable 0 Magnitude less than half of unit employed ha Hectares kg Kilogram µg m³ Microgram m³ t Tonne % Percent 2 Facts on the Environment Contents Contents 1. Geographic and weather information on Kosovo ............................8 2. Land use and agriculture...............................................................15 3. Biodiversity....................................................................................24 3.1 Protected area ............................................................................28 3.2 The situation of biodiversity in Kosovo.......................................28 3.3 Mammalians...............................................................................32 3.4 Natural hydrological monuments................................................33 4. Waste.............................................................................................34 5. Water .............................................................................................48 5.1 Water resources........................................................................48 5.2 Water supply.............................................................................51 5.3 Monitoring drinking water quality in Kosovo...............................54 5.4 Waste water...............................................................................54 6. Energy and air ..............................................................................56 6.1 Energy....... ................................................................................56 6.2 Transport...................................................................................61 6.3 Air quality...................................................................................62 3 Facts on the Environment 4 Facts on the Environment Background Environmental statistics can be structured in different ways, the most commonly used are by area (air, water, waste etc.) and the DPSIR- model. In this publication the data are presented by area and in each area the statistics is, as far as possible, arranged according to the DPSIR-model. 1.1DPSIR Model The DPSIR model Driving forces Respons Activities indirectly What is done to reduce cuasing environmental the problems, problems, e.g. energy-use, e.g. protection av land transportation and industrial areas, legislation, taxes, production public transport Pressure Impact Origin of the problem Consequences of e.g. Emissions from changes in the industries and transports environment och generation of waste e.g. number of cancer cases, loss of biodiversity, economic damage State State of the natural environment e.g. air quality, acidification and eutrofication of water and soil The DPSIR model is an extension of the PSR (Pressure, State, Response) model adopted by the OECDs State of the Environment (SoE) group and by European Environment Agency (EEA), being also used by EUROSTAT for the organisation of the environmental statistics. 5 Facts on the Environment This analytical framework permits to organise the information and to integrate socio-economic and ecological elements by dressing relationships between five indicator categories: Driving forces (e.g., agricultural practices, industrial production, technology) are determining Pressures (e.g., toxic emissions, CO2 emissions), that are subsequently degrading the State of the environment (e.g., the concentration of mercury in forest soils, the global mean temperature), these Impacts (e.g., forest acidification, endocrine disrupting effects on mammals) imposing Responses of the society (e.g., legislative measures, taxes, research programmes). D Driving force indicators are not very responsive ("elastic"): the monitored phenomena, e.g. road traffic, are driven by powerful economic forces, and therefore it can hardly be expected that these trends will change drastically in future. For example, politicians cannot seriously suggest to abolish private cars, if they want to stay in office. However, Driving force indicators are useful to: a) calculate a variety of pressure indicators, e.g. by multiplying the mileage of cars with specific coefficients like "average CO 2 per car and km"; b) help decision-makers to plan actions ("responses") needed to avoid future problems ("pressures"), for example the capacity of roads; c) serve as a basis for scenario development and long-term planning. P Pressure indicators point directly at the causes of problems. One specific feature of pressure indicators is that they should be responsive, that is, a decision-maker has indeed a chance to reduce the indicator (and thus the problem) by launching appropriate actions. They will also serve as an incentive for rational solutions, since they demonstrate the effectiveness of political action early enough to hold responsible those who launched the action. S State indicators, in contrast, are often too slow. For example, a state indicator showing the acidity of forest soils points back to the NO x and SO 2 emissions of the last ten years; the politically responsible persons may have retired in the meantime. On the