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Monorail: an Alternative Transportation Mode for Metu

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Monorail: an Alternative Transportation Mode for Metu MONORAIL: AN ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION MODE FOR METU A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF THE MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ALEV GÖKBULUT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SEPTEMBER 2003 Approval of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Prof. Dr. Canan ÖZGEN Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the Degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Selahattin ÖMÜR Head of the Department This is to certify that we read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayen SAVA Supervisor Examining Committee Members Instructor lhan KURAL Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali hsan ÜNAY Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayen SAVA Assist. Prof. Dr. Güven Arif SARGIN Assist. Prof. Dr. Ela BABALIK ABSTRACT MONORAIL: AN ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION MODE FOR METU Gökbulut, Alev M.S., Architecture Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayen Sava September 2003, 175 pages The aim of this thesis is to investigate an alternative mode of transportation for METU and the impacts of spatial transformations generated by the proposed system in an architectural context. This study embraces modern concepts of space-time in the practice of architectural design, and involves a sensitive consideration of the perception of space relative to position, speed and movement. In an urban context, the thesis unfolds spatial transformations affected by new movement technology. While the notions of movement and speed fundamentally shape the image of the contemporary city, METU campus will be reanalyzed within this framework. Key words: Monorail, Speed, Movement, Space, Time. iii ÖZ MONORAIL: METU ÇN ALTERNATF BR ULAIM ÇÖZÜMÜ Gökbulut, Alev Yüksek Lisans, Mimarlık Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Ayen Sava Eylül 2003, 175 sayfa Bu tezin amacı, ODTÜ kampüsüne alternatif bir ulaım modu önerisi getirmek ve mimari balamda, önerilecek sistemin oluturacaı mekansal dönüümleri irdelemektir. Bu çalımada, zaman ve mekan gibi güncel kavramlar mimari tasarım pratii içinde irdelenir. Kentsel balamda tez yeni ulaım teknolojilerinin yarattıı mekansal dönüümleri çıkarsamaya çalımaktadır. Hız ve hareket nosyonları günümüz ehirlerinin resmini ekillendirirken, ODTÜ kampüsüde bu çerçevede deerlendirilmektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Monorail, Hız, Hareket, Mekan, Zaman. iv To My Niece Pelin Savacı v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express sincere appreciation to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayen Sava for his guidance, discussions, encouragement, and excellent patience during this thesis. I am also grateful to my friend, Güzin Selvi and Alpaslan Savacı for their helps and suggestion. I would also like to thank to my husband Burak Çamak and my parents for their supports and encouragements. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................... iii ÖZ .....................................................................................................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................................................................................vi TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................xv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 1.1 Problem ....................................................................................................................2 1.2 Objective ..................................................................................................................3 1.3 Method and Domain.................................................................................................3 1.4 Limits .......................................................................................................................5 vii 2. THE TRANSFORMATION OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACE IN URBAN CONTEXT .........................................................................................................................6 2.1 Technological Development in Transportation Technologies and Changing Spatial Boundaries .....................................................................................................................6 2.1.1 Railway Technologies and Their Effects On the Transformation of Cities......8 2.1.2 The Increase of Automobile Usage...................................................................9 2.2 Changing Architectural Concepts And New Readings..........................................11 2.2.1 Transformation of Space and Time Concepts.................................................11 2.2.2 Border and Borderers ......................................................................................14 2.2.3 Modern Conceptions of Speed and Movement...............................................16 2.2.3.1 Speed........................................................................................................16 2.2.3.2 Mobility and Movement...........................................................................17 3. PHENOMONOLOGY OF SPEED AND TIME .........................................................19 3.1 The Effects of New Technological Development on Perception of Space and Time.......................................................................................................................20 3.2 Perception of Time.................................................................................................21 3.3 Perception in Motion..............................................................................................23 3.4 Rendering in Space and Time ................................................................................25 3.5 Implication for Architecture...................................................................................26 4. NEW TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES AND STATION DESIGN.............28 4.1 A Recollection of Transportation Technologies ....................................................29 4.2 New Rail Technologies as an Alternative to Airplane and Automobile................32 4.2.1 The Improvement of Railway Technology as an Alternative to the Car ........34 4.3 An Alternative Transportation Technology: The Monorail System ......................35 4.3.1 Monorail Systems ...........................................................................................35 viii 4.3.2 The Advantages of Monorail ..........................................................................36 4.3.3 Monorail Technology......................................................................................37 4.3.4 Costs................................................................................................................39 4.3.5 Environmental Impact.....................................................................................40 4.3.6 Tubular, Dude .................................................................................................41 4.3.7 Monorail Examples .........................................................................................41 4.3.7.1 Monorail in Asia-China Example ............................................................41 4.3.7.2 Sentosa Island, Singapore ........................................................................42 4.3.7.3 Alton Towers, England ............................................................................45 4.4 The Railway Development Process in Turkey.......................................................46 4.4.1 Public Transportation Policies in Turkey........................................................48 4.4.2 Transportation Policies and Organization of Urban Transportation in Ankara......................................................................................................................48 4.4.3 Historical Development Of Transportation Systems in Ankara .....................49 4.4.4 Ankara-Light Rail and Subway Systems ........................................................52 4.5 Light Rail Solutions in Other Major Cities of Turkey...........................................53 4.5.1 stanbul-Light Rail, Subway and Tramway ....................................................53 4.5.1.1 Subway.....................................................................................................53 4.5.1.2 Light Rail .................................................................................................54 4.5.1.3 Tramway ..................................................................................................55 4.5.1.4 Beyolu Heritage Tramway .....................................................................56 4.5.2 zmir-Light Rail System..................................................................................57 4.5.3 Bursa-Light Rail System.................................................................................57 4.5.4 Eskiehir-Light Rail System ...........................................................................58 4.5.5 Konya-Light Rail System................................................................................58
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