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The Discourses of the Secular Sublime and the Concepts of the Numinous and Mysterium Tremendum in the Work of Rudolf Otto
THE DISCOURSES OF THE SECULAR SUBLIME AND THE CONCEPTS OF THE NUMINOUS AND MYSTERIUM TREMENDUM IN THE WORK OF RUDOLF OTTO Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester by Mary Catherine Theresa Bridget Jones Department of English University of Leicester July 2017 The Discourses of the Secular Sublime and the Concepts of the Numinous and Mysterium Tremendum in the Work of Rudolf Otto Mary Catherine Theresa Bridget Jones Abstract This thesis explores historical and postmodern ideas of the sublime and the numinous, and finds similarities and differences between the two concepts. Consideration is given to notions of the sublime, from its appearance in Longinus’s treatise Peri Hypsous, through to its historical development and reception by philosophers, theologians, and eighteenth- century theorists. The thesis discusses how the sublime is conceived in contemporary thought. Alongside this concept, and in order to examine similarities and differences between that and the numinous, Rudolf Otto’s work Das Heilige is used, in which the author argues for consideration of a non-rational element in religion and pleads for an original understanding of the holy. He shows how traditional representations of the deity lead to restrictions and limitations, and introduces his understanding of the mysterium tremendum et fascinans which, like the sublime, leads to awe and dread. Further analysing the sublime, the thesis discusses critical theories presented by John Dennis, Joseph Addison, John Baillie, Immanuel Kant, and Edmund Burke. I show how Otto was influenced by these writers, and how Friedrich Schleiermacher’s ideas on the essence of religion and the sensus numinis paved the way for Otto’s thinking. -
The Dœtrine of Atondieni' in the Theology of Paul Tillich
THE DŒTRINE OF ATONDIENI' IN THE THEOLOGY OF PAUL TILLICH Art.hington Frank Thompson, B.A., B.Th. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Researeh in partial .f'ul.filment of the requirements for the degree of Mast er of Sa.cred Theology. Depa.rtment of Divinity, McGill UniversitT, Montreal. April, 1960. ii The author of this thesis wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. James S. Thomson of the Faculty of Divinity, McGill University for his patient direction of a sometimes hazardous enterprise. Mention should be made too of the author' s indebtedness to Dr. William R. Coleman, of Huron College, London, Ontario, through whom he was first intro duced to the writings of Paul Tillich. iii TABIE OF CONI'ENrS Page INI'RODUCTION 1 I. A SYSTEMATIC APOIDGETIC THEOLOGY 5 An Apologetic Theology 6 The Method of Correlation 13 Tillich t s Ontolo~ am The Problem of The ystem 20 II. THE HUMAN Sri'UATION 32 Existentialism and Atonement. 33 PhilosoJfly and The Fall 39 Estrangement 45 Evil 52 III. THE DOCTRINE OF GOD AND THE DOCTRINE OF ATONEMENT 59 God as 1Being-Itself' 60 Images and Atonement 69 God and The Processes of Atonement 74 IV. THE DOCTRINE OF ATOrmŒ:m' The New Being S5 Atonement in Christ 94 Atonement as The Act of God 100 Atonement in The Cross and The Reasurrection 106 Atonement in History llO COJ.CWSION ll7 BIBLIOGRAPHY INI'RODUCTION The doctrine of atonement attempts to elaborate the statement of the Creed that it was "for us men and for our salvation" that Jesus Christ was born, lived, died and rose again. -
Patterns in Spiritual Awakening: a Study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot
American University in Cairo AUC Knowledge Fountain Theses and Dissertations 6-1-2017 Patterns in spiritual awakening: A study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot Lucy Shafik Follow this and additional works at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds Recommended Citation APA Citation Shafik, L. (2017).Patterns in spiritual awakening: A study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot [Master’s thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/1366 MLA Citation Shafik, ucyL . Patterns in spiritual awakening: A study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot. 2017. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/1366 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by AUC Knowledge Fountain. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AUC Knowledge Fountain. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The American University in Cairo School of Humanities and Social Sciences Patterns in Spiritual Awakening: A Study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot A Thesis Submitted to The Department of English and Comparative Literature In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Lucy Shafik Under the supervision of Dr. William Melaney May 2017 The American University in Cairo Patterns in Spiritual Awakening: A Study of Augustine, Coleridge and Eliot A Thesis Submitted by Lucy Shafik To the Department of English and Comparative Literature May 2017 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for The degree of Master of Arts Has been approved by Dr. William Melaney Thesis Committee Advisor____________________________________________ Affiliation_________________________________________________________ Dr. -
Humanities the Issue of the Religious Dimension Of
PERIODYK NAUKOWY AKADEMII POLONIJNEJ 37 (2019) nr 6 HUMANITIES THE ISSUE OF THE RELIGIOUS DIMENSION OF HUMAN NATURE Jan Mazur Prof. PhD, Pontifical University of John Paul II in Kraków, e-mail: [email protected], http://orcid.org/0000-0002- 0548-0205, Poland Abraham Kome PhD, John Paul II International University of Bafang, e-mail: [email protected], orcid.org/0000-0001-7326-227X, Cameroon Abstract. This text is an attempt to answer the question of whether human nature needs religion. The author begins by presenting two concepts that are key in this discourse. These are the terms: religion and human nature. Then he undertakes an analysis of the problem, referring to the thoughts of religious experts: Rudolf Otto and Mircea Eliade and the philosopher Max Scheler. The subject of reflection is the definition of man as 'homo religiosus'. Questioning God's existence has a negative effect on human nature. This situation is illustrated by the views of two known philosophers, existentialists - Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean-Paul Sartre. Their vision of the world was marked by unbelief in God. Life experience teaches that human nature strives for transcendent reality, longs for God. Any departure from this tendency does not, however, invalidate the religious nature of man, but certainly falsifies it. It results in the conversion of an authentic sacrum into its substitutes. In conclusion, the author draws attention to the mystery of man and God, which should be recognized. It is only in this perspective that the problem indicated in the title can be considered. The inspiration for such thinking is the famous phrase of Saint Augustine of Hippo: 'The human soul is restless until it rests in God'. -
Faith, Reason and Philosophy Lectures at the Al-Azhar, Qum, Tehran, Lahore and Beijing
Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change Series I, Culture and Values, Volume 20 Series IIA, Islam, Volume 7 Faith, Reason and Philosophy Lectures at the al-Azhar, Qum, Tehran, Lahore and Beijing by George F. McLean The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Copyright © 2000 by The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Gibbons Hall B-20 620 Michigan Avenue, NE Washington, D.C. 20064 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication McLean, George F. Faith, reason and philosophy : a series of lectures at Cairo, Tehran, Qom. Lahore, and Beijing / by George F. McLean. Appendix : the encyclical letter, Fides et ratio. p.cm. – (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series I, culture and values, vol. 20; Series IIA Islam; vol. 7) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Faith and reason—Christianity. 2. Faith and reason—Islam. I. Catholic Church, Pope (1978- : John Paul II). Fides et ratio. English. II. Title. III. Series. IV. Series cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series I, Culture and Values; vol. 20. Series IIA, Islam, vol. 7. BT50.M345 2000 00-031602 210—dc21 CIP ISBN 1-56518-130-1 (pbk.) Table of Contents Introduction 1 Part I. Context: The Evolution of Reason as Awareness of God Chapter I. An Archeology of Reason as Inherently Religious 7 Chapter II. Systematic Graeco-Christian Philosophy 23 Part II. Medieval Islamic and Christian Philosophies on Faith and Reason: Crisis and Response Chapter III. Al-Ghazali: a Medieval Crisis of Faith and Reason 39 Chapter IV. The Role of Reason in Belief: A Christian Response 51 Chapter V. -
“Baptized Mysticism”: an Exploration of Paul Tillich’S Theology of Mysticism and Its Spiritual Theological Implications
“BAPTIZED MYSTICISM”: AN EXPLORATION OF PAUL TILLICH’S THEOLOGY OF MYSTICISM AND ITS SPIRITUAL THEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS by Sanghoon Baek A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Knox College And the Pastoral Department of the Toronto School of Theology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Theology awarded by Knox College and the University of Toronto © Copyright by Sanghoon Baek 2014 “BAPTIZED MYSTICISM”: AN EXPLORATION OF PAUL TILLICH’S THEOLOGY OF MYSTICISM AND ITS SPIRITUAL THEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS Sanghoon Baek Doctor of Theology Pastoral Department Knox College and the University of Toronto 2014 ABSTRACT This thesis explores Paul Tillich’s theology of mysticism and its spiritual theological implications. It argues that Tillich’s concept of “baptized mysticism” weaves together his thoughts on mysticism and expresses a dialectical unity of Tillich’s two essential elements of religion, the mystical and the prophetic. The thesis begins in Chapter 1 with an overview of Tillich’s own experiences of the mystical and his definitive expressions of mysticism, then investigates his major writings in drawing out essential features of baptized mysticism in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, various appraisals of Tillich’s theory of mysticism from different vantage points and denominational backgrounds are presented to sharpen and enhance the understanding of his thoughts on mysticism and their spiritual theological implications. Finally, in conversation with some contemporary theorists of Christian spirituality, the thesis provides a modest proposal for Tillichian spirituality and prayer in Chapter 4. Paralleling aspects of the thought of Philip Sheldrake, Tillichian spirituality concerns the life oriented towards a sense of the “eternal now” and promotes not so much an ideal of a perfected state of being, but the “belief-ful” and courageous encounter of ontological threats and radical doubt in a condition of ever- increasing awareness, freedom, relatedness, and transcendence. -
The Polanyi-Tillich Dialogue of 1963: Polanyi's Search for a Post-Critical Logic in Science and in Theology
The Polanyi-Tillich Dialogue Of 1963: Polanyi's Search For A Post-Critical Logic In Science And In Theology Richard Gelwick ABSTRACT: Key words: faith, doubt, indwelling, participation, hierarchical universe, tacit knowing, Gestalt, pragmatism, Dewey, Teilhard de Chardin Michael Polanyi found in the thought of Paul Tillich an ally for Polanyi’s program of showing the fiduciary component in all knowing including science. Polanyi saw, however, a danger in Tillich’s distinguishing science as preliminary concern and religion as ultimate concern. In a significant dialogue in 1963, Polanyi and Tillich met and addressed issues, agreeing that science and religion share a common epistemological structure. In 1962 - 63, Michael Polanyi was making major steps in his work towards a post-critical theory of knowledge. In the Fall, he joined Tillich in the list of those having given the Terry Lectures at Yale. Polanyi’s Terry Lectures eventually appeared in Polanyi’s book, The Tacit Dimension.1 The phrase, “the tacit dimension,” became a summarizing terminology for Polanyi’s restructuring of our theory of knowledge. It moved away from the Cartesian emphasis upon the explicit and focal part of knowledge that could be described with clear, distinct, and indubitable ideas to an emphasis upon the implicit and subsidiary part of knowledge that is embodied in the person of the knower. Throughout his quest for a new theory of knowledge, Polanyi was in dialogue with theologians, encouraged particularly by J. H. Oldham, a leader in the ecumenical movement and the organizer of The Moot--a multidisciplinary group of theologians, philosophers, writers, and social thinkers discussing the crisis of modern culture. -
Paul in the Grip of the Philosophers
1 Nietzsche The Archetype of Pauline Deconstruction Peter Frick Das Christenthum dagegen zerdrückte und zerbrach den Menschen vollständig und versenkte ihn wie in tiefen Schlamm. –Nietzsche1 Introduction In this essay I am discussing the proliferation of interest in Paul, namely the recent and increasing interest of contemporary European philosophers in the thought of the Apostle. Perhaps to the chagrin of Pauline interpreters, there exists a vexing interest in the Pauline corpus by Continental philosophers. Alain Badiou, for example, a French Marxist philosopher employs Paul in the service of his own philosophical interest and project. “Truth be told,” says Badiou, “Paul is not an apostle or a saint. I care nothing for the Good News he declares, or the cult dedicated to him. Irreligious by heredity . I have never really connected Paul with religion . or to any sort of faith”2 which, for Badiou, is a mere fable. Giorgio Agamben, in contrast to Badiou, focuses on the first few verses in Paul’s Letter to the Romans in which he “proposes to restore Paul’s Letters to the status of the fundamental 1. [1] Friedrich Nietzsche, Menschliches, Allzumenschliches. Kritische Gesamtausgabe 2, ed. Giorgio Colli and Mazzino Montinari, 2nd ed. (Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 2002), 1:114. 2. Alain Badiou, Saint Paul. The Foundation of Universalism (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005), 1. 15 16 | Paul in the Grip of the Philosophers messianic text for the Western tradition.”3 Likewise, continental philosophers such as Slavoj Žižek,4 Jacques Derrida5 and Gianni Vattimo6 and others engage Paul also in their own philosophizing context. -
The Redemption of the Feeling in Kierkegaard's and Tillich's Thought
ICOANA CREDINTEI. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH VoL. 2 No. 4/2016 The Redemption of the Feeling in Kierkegaard’s and Tillich’s thinking PhD. Lehel BALOGH Department of Philosophy, Kyungsung University Busan, SOUTH KOREA Page | 60 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT In the modern era, with the development of the “objective”, scientific method, subjective, personal feelings and emotions have gradually become somewhat dubious sources of knowledge. A few religious thinkers, however, particularly those emerging from the existential tradition, have come to revitalize the belief in subjectivity, along with the trust in the authority of faith and inwardness in finding out important truths about our personal existence and about the human condition in general. In my paper I wish to investigate and compare the thoughts of two highly influential Christian philosophers of the 19th and the 20th century, respectively; those of Søren Kierkegaard and of Paul Tillich. These two unique thinkers, although living under considerably different historical circumstances, carried out strikingly similar analyses about the role of emotions and faith in human life, and through the emphasis of such phenomena as anxiety and despair they both attempted to “redeem” and reaffirm the significance of feelings and the subjective side of reality. Keywords: subjectivity, inwardness, anxiety, truth and faith, religious existentialism KIERKEGAARD’S QUEST FOR AUTHENTIC SUBJECTIVITY Existence and inwardness, in other words, bringing the ontological truth of subjectivity to the fore: this is what elevates Kierkegaard's philosophy to be the prototype of all other existential philosophies. While combating the then dominating Systemphilosophie of German Idealism and especially that of Hegel, he gradually formulates and develops his own characteristic philosophical attitude. -
The Sacred and the Profane
THE SACRED AND THE PROFANE THE NATURE OF RELIGION by Mircea Eliade Translated from the French by Willard R. Trask A Harvest Book Harcourt Brace & Company San Diego New York London INTRODUCTION The extraordinary interest aroused all over the world by induced by the revelation of an aspect of divine power. The Rudolf Otto’s Das Heilige (The Sacred), published in 1917, still numinous presents itself as something “wholly other” (ganz persists. Its success was certainly due to the author’s new and andere), something basically and original point of view. Instead of studying the ideas of God and religion, Otto undertook to analyze the modalities of the religious experience. Gifted with great psychological subtlety, and thoroughly prepared by his twofold training as theologian and historian of religions, he succeeded in determining the content and specific characteristics of religious experience. Passing over the rational and speculative side of religion, he concentrated chiefly on its irrational aspect. For Otto had read Luther and had understood what the “living God” meant to a believer. It was not the God of the philosophers—of Erasmus, for example; it was not an idea, an abstract notion, a mere moral allegory. It was a terrible power, manifested in the divine wrath. In Das Heilige Otto sets himself to discover the characteristics of this frightening and irrational experience. He finds the feeling of terror before the sacred, before the awe-inspiring mystery (mysterium tremendum), the majesty (maf estas) that emanates an overwhelming superiority of power; he finds religious fear before the fascinating mystery (mysterium fascinans) in which perfect fullness of being flowers. -
Religion & Philosophy
Religion & Philosophy Books – General The Ego and the Id, Sigmund Freud Conscience: A Very Short Introduction, Paul Strohm On Liberty, J S Mill The Body and Society, Peter Brown Letters and Papers from Prison, Dietrich Bonhoeffer The Autobiography of Saint Teresa, Allison Peers Consciousness: An Introduction, Susan Blackmore The City of God, St Augustine The Concept of Mind, Gilbert Ryle Summa Theologiae, Aquinas The Blind Watchmaker, Richard Dawkins Natural Theology, Paley The Major Works, Anselm of Canterbury Books – Religion Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, David Christian Theology, Alister McGrath Hume A Theology: The Basics, Alister McGrath The Cost of Discipleship, Dietrich Bonhoeffer Books - Philosophy Jesus Through the Centuries, Jaroslav Pelikan An Introduction to Plato’s Republic, Julia Annas The Shadow of the Galilean, Gerd Theissen The Republic, Plato Humanae Vitae, Pope Paul VI Physics, Aristotle Issues in Human Sexuality, Church of England House of Bishops Metaphysics, Aristotle De Concordia, Anselm of Canterbury Principles of Philosophy, Rene Descartes The Coherence of Theism, Richard Swinburne Language, Truth and Logic, A J Ayer Principles of Christian Theology, John Macquarrie Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein Dynamics of Faith, Paul Tillich A Critique of Pure Reason, Kant Catechism of the Catholic Church Varieties of Religious Experience, William James Books – Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of Religion: A Guide and Anthology, Brian Davies God Talk is Evidently Nonsense, A J Ayer Consolation of Philosophy, -
Rudolf Otto and the Kantian Tradition
Rudolf Otto and the Kantian Tradition Philip C. Almond, Department of Studies in Religion, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4067 Much has been written about the relationship between Rudolf Otto's mature philosophy of religion and bis commitment to that philosophical tradition inaugurated by Immanuel Kant. Yet, a considerable lack of clarity still remains over the question of the extent to which Otto's commitment in the first decade of this Century to a version of Kantianism originally expounded by Jakob Fries (1773—1843) permeates the work for which Otto is most widely renowned, Das Heilige.1 In this article, I hope to demonstrate that Otto's commitment to Friesianism plays a much greater role in Das Heilige, especially in the structural framework of Otto's account of the Holy, than has previously been thought to be the case, not only of its more overtly philosophical parts, but of its apparently phenomenological parts also. Continuity and Discontinuity An essential part of this task is the resolution of the problem of the continuity of Otto's work — both within Das Heilige itself, and between it äs a whole and the earlier parts of Otto's work, especially his Kantisch- Fries'sche Religionsphilosophie2 in 1909. For how we perceive his philoso- phy of religion in Das Heiligey and his notion of the a priori category of the Holy in particular, depends upon whether we find an overall continuity or discontinuity within the corpus äs a whole. The first of these issues, that of the continuity within Das Heilige itself, is certainly a contentious one.