DOCSLIB.ORG

Importance of Native Vegetation to Beneficial Insects and Its Role in Reducing Insect Pest Damage in Cotton

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Importance of Native Vegetation to Beneficial Insects and Its Role in Reducing Insect Pest Damage in Cotton Importance of native vegetation to beneficial insects and its role in reducing insect pest damage in cotton I.C. Rencken1,2, L. Silberbauer1,2, N. Reid12 and P. Gregg1,3 1 Australia and Australian Cotton Cooperative Research Centre, AUSTRALIA 2 School of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management, University of New England, Armidale NSW AUSTRALIA 3 School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale NSW AUSTRALIA Correspondence author [email protected]; [email protected] Importance of native vegetation to beneficial insects and its role in reducing insect pest damage in cotton ABSTRACT Introduction Conservation biological control is one of the strat- Australian cotton production extends from south- western New South Wales to Emerald in central egies in integrated pest management (IPM). Its aim Queensland. Insect pests are a major constraint to is to conserve naturally occurring predators within cotton production and cause estimated yield losses of the agricultural landscape. Modifying the land- between 50-90% (Fitt, 1994). Most control measures scape to enhance predator efficiency, referred to are directed at Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa as habitat management, is one of the methods used punctigera (bollworms). Other pests include Tetranychus in conservation biological control. Habitat man- urticae (red spider mite), Thrips tabaci (thrips), Aphis gossyppi (aphids), Austroasca viridgrisea (jassids) and agement, until recently has largely been ignored Bemesia tabaci (whitefly) (Fitt, 1994). Chemical pesti- within many IPM programs. Area wide manage- cides play an important role in control. More recently ment of pests has changed this perception and production costs, environmental issues and concerns there is now a realisation that events outside the about resistance have all contributed to reducing the crop impacts on events within the crop. Many dependence on chemical pesticides. The Australian generalist predators have been identified within cotton industry is exploring alternative measures with varying amounts of success. Some examples include cotton agro-ecosystems in Australia. To be effec- the use of new generation pesticides, host plant resis- tive, large populations of generalist predators are tance, beneficial insects, habitat diversity and transgenic required within the cotton agro-ecosystem before Bt cottons directed at Helicoverpa control (Fitt, 2000). pest establishment within the cotton. The surround- ing native vegetation, weeds and winter crops pro- Bt cotton has the potential to reduce pesticide vide resources for generalist predators. The man- use by as much as 50-70% (Fitt, 2000). The adoption of Bt cotton, along with a resistance management pro- agement of these resources provides the key in gram has been gradual and controlled in Australia (Fitt generating and maintaining populations of gen- and Wilson, 2000). Whilst there are concerns about eralist predators within the cotton agro-ecosystem. the use of transgenic plants, the reduction in pesticide The aim of this study (which is in its first year) is to sprays should improve the survival rate of beneficial investigate a range of vegetation types and as- insects in cotton production areas. Beneficial insects sess their value in supporting populations of gen- may play a critical role in maintaining populations of pests species not controlled by the Bt cotton. Reports eralist predators with the view to enhancing the from the USA suggest that pest complexes may change predator efficiency in cotton agro-ecosystems. The as a result of the use of Bt cotton (Turnipseed and following vegetation types were sampled: open Greene, 1996). woodland with hummock grassland and other her- baceous plants, sown pasture, dry land lucerne, a The importance of beneficial insects and the con- windbreak of planted native trees and open river- tribution they make towards pest control within IPM pro- grams is recognized by the Australian cotton industry. ine forest. The sampling was carried out with a A review of beneficial insect research in the Australian suction sampler and all collected predators identi- cotton industry identified 123 predatory species that fied. Soil samples were also collected to establish feed on Helicoverpa and red spider mite (Johnson, et over wintering sites of predators. The age and al., 2000). The report also highlighted the lack of phenology of vegetation was recorded to identify knowledge surrounding the biology and ecology of resources, e.g. flowers provided by vegetation these predators. The reductions in pesticide use and selection of “softer” sprays have contributed to con- types. The presence of juveniles was also noted as serving beneficial insects. However, this is only the first this indicates the presence of oviposition sites. The step and further research is required to understand the movement of predators from the surrounding veg- ecology of beneficial insects. This will aid in establish- etation into newly planted cotton fields was inves- ing a framework for manipulating the agricultural en- tigated with colonization studies. Newly planted vironment to maximize the effectiveness of beneficial fields were sampled at weekly intervals to estab- insects (Johnson, et al., 2000). The focus of most IPM programs has been within the field and ecological pro- lish the colonization pattern of the field. The pat- cesses outside of fields have largely been ignored. tern is an indicator of predator mobility, which has Views of control strategies are changing and with the implications for the management of resources, and adoption of area wide pest management there is a re- sampling of the cotton. The preliminary results alization that the habitat surrounding cropped and fal- are presented and discussed. low fields should also be included when considering pest management strategies (Landis and Marino 1999). 1360 World Cotton Research Conference-3 2003 Cape Town - South Africa Most agricultural landscapes are dominated by Experimental procedure large fields with straight edges, generally low levels of plant and animal diversity with high levels of distur- A cotton production area was selected along the bance (Landis and Marino, 1999). Australian cotton Mauls Creek road in the Namoi valley in northern New farms vary in size from 500 to 15000 ha of produc- South Wales, Australia. The site had a number of dis- tion. Cotton agro-ecosystems range from virtual mo- tinct non-crop vegetation types. The vegetation types nocultures surrounded by grazing pastures to diverse were all within a 2 km radius of each other and adjoin- cropping systems with winter and summer crops (Fitt, ing cotton properties. The following vegetation types 1994). This arrangement can result in the fragmenta- were identified; a planted native windbreak (north/south tion and isolation of non-crop habitats. Pests seem to aspect and east/west aspect), riverine trees (two sites), behave differently in these simplified ecosystems and communal grazing lands (two sites), pastures (two sites) have larger populations and higher reproduction rates and dry land lucerne (two sites). An opportunist weed, (Speight, 1993). This, however, does not seem to be turnip weed (Rapistrum rugosum) and an irrigated win- the case for beneficial insects as they appear to require ter wheat crop were also sampled. Irrigated cotton certain resources which are lacking in some agricul- was sampled adjacent to the non-crop vegetation dur- tural systems. A means of mitigating the negative ef- ing the cotton growing season. fects of agricultural disturbances is to reintroduce di- versity within the agricultural landscape (Speight, 1993). All the vegetation was sampled with a suction sampler (modified Homelite HB Blower Vac). A 100 m Through manipulating and conserving the veg- x 200 m rectangle was marked out in the communal etation around agricultural fields, it may be possible to grazing lands, dryland lucerne and pastures. The long make essential resources available to predators, thus axis of the rectangle was divided into five equal parts moderating the impact of disturbances on natural of 20 m. One randomly selected 20 m transect was predator populations (Altieri and Letourneau, 1982). sampled within each 20 m x 20 m sub-plot on each Resources used by predators include overwintering sites, sampling occasion. Insects from each sample were breeding sites, alternate food sources, pollen and fa- collected in a gauze net bag, transferred into a plastic vorable microclimates (Landis et al., 2000). It is, how- bag and frozen on site prior to transport to the Univer- ever, important to select vegetation that provides re- sity of New England for sorting. sources required by the generalist predators (Speight 1993) and does not favor pests. The windbreaks were comprised of 12 native trees species that were randomly planted along the north/ It has been well documented that increasing crop south and east/west border of the cotton property. In diversity within cotton agro-ecosystems through plant- each windbreak, three tree species were identified and ing lucerne strips or alternate crops such as sorghum five replicates of each species were sampled with the and winter wheat enhances beneficial insect numbers suction sampler. The sampling unit was an individual (Walker et al., 1997; Mensah and Kahn, 1997). There tree, sampling the branches at 1.5 m height for a pe- is a production cost in planting lucerne strips and it is riod of two minutes. Trees sampled in north/south
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia
    Classical Biological Contents Control of Arthropods Arthropod index in Australia General index List of targets D.F. Waterhouse D.P.A. Sands CSIRo Entomology Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2001 Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index List of targets The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its primary mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has special competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Waterhouse, D.F. and Sands, D.P.A. 2001. Classical biological control of arthropods in Australia. ACIAR Monograph No. 77, 560 pages. ISBN 0 642 45709 3 (print) ISBN 0 642 45710 7 (electronic) Published in association with CSIRO Entomology (Canberra) and CSIRO Publishing (Melbourne) Scientific editing by Dr Mary Webb, Arawang Editorial, Canberra Design and typesetting by ClarusDesign, Canberra Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne Cover: An ichneumonid parasitoid Megarhyssa nortoni ovipositing on a larva of sirex wood wasp, Sirex noctilio. Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index Foreword List of targets WHEN THE CSIR Division of Economic Entomology, now Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Entomology, was established in 1928, classical biological control was given as one of its core activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Pest Categorisation of Organisms Associated with Washed Ware Potatoes (Solanum Tuberosum) Imported from Other Australian States and Territories
    Nucleorhabdovirus Draft pest categorisation of organisms associated with washed ware potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) imported from other Australian states and territories This page is intentionally left blank Contributing authors Bennington JMA Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Hammond NE Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Poole MC Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Shan F Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Wood CE Technical Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, December 2016 Document citation DAFWA 2016, Draft pest categorisation of organisms associated with washed ware potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) imported from other Australian states and territories. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, South Perth. Copyright© Western Australian Agriculture Authority, 2016 Western Australian Government materials, including website pages, documents and online graphics, audio and video are protected by copyright law. Copyright of materials created by or for the Department of Agriculture and Food resides with the Western Australian Agriculture Authority established under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced or reused for any commercial purposes whatsoever
    [Show full text]
  • Leeper JR. 1975. a Review of the Hawaiian
    1/AWAH NATK>NAL PARK LIBRARY Technical Report No. 53 A REVIE.W OF THE HAWAIIAN COCCINELLIDAE S(4.gql.a OS John R.. Leeper I Cot Department of Entomology c. #;l_ University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS IRP u.. s. International Biological Program February 1975 ABSTRACT This 1s the first taxonomic study of the Hawaiian Coccinellidae. There are forty species, subspecies or varieties in the State. Island distribution, a key, nomenclatural changes, introduction data, hosts and world wide distribution are given. - l - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT . i INTRODUCTION . l SYSTEMATICS 5 ACKNOWLEr::GEMENTS 49 LITERATURE CITED 50 Appendix I . 52 Appendix II . 54 LIST OF TABLES Table Page l Distributional list of Hawaiian Coccinellidae . 3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page l Elytral epipleura horizontal or slightly inclined below . 6 2 Elytral epipleura strongly inclined below . 7 3 Elytral epipleura with distinct deep impressions for reception of legs two and three . 10 4 Coxal arch incomplete 15 5 Coxal arch complete . 15 - ii - -1- INTRODUCTION The Coccinellidae comprise a large family in the Coleoptera with about 490 genera and 4200 species (Sasaji, 1971). The majority of these species are predacious on insect and mite pests and are therefore of economic and scientific importance. Several species are phytophagous and are pests themselves. To date, none of these occur in Hawaii. The Coccinellidae are all thought to have been introduced into the Ha­ waiian Islands. Three species, Scymnus discendens (= Diomus debilis LeConte), Scymnus ocellatus and Scymnus vividus (= Scymnus (Pullus) loewii Mulsant) were described by Sharp (Blackburn and Sharp, 1885) from specimens collected in Hawaii.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Pest and Disease Management Manual for Persimmon
    Department of Agriculture and Fisheries INTEGRATED PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT MANUAL FOR PERSIMMON Alan George, Bob Nissen, Grant Bignell, Don Hutton, Roger Broadley and David Bruun Second Edition – November 2017 Authors Alan George, Director, Asia Pacific Agricultural Consultants Pty Ltd Bob Nissen, Director, Ag-Hort International Pty Ltd Grant Bignell, Research Scientist, Department of Agriculutre and Fishereis Don Hutton Roger Broadley David Bruun, Field Operations Manager, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries We would also like to acknowledge the valuable contributions by Kent Andrews, Nic Hobbs, Geoff Patterson, Rod Dalton, Stephen Jeffers, Jeanette Wilson and many other persimmon growers. Hort Innovation and Department of Agriculture and Fisheries make no representations and expressly disclaim all warranties (to the extent permitted by law) about the accuracy, completeness, or currency of information in this Final Report. Users of this Final Report should take independent action to confirm any information in this Final Report before relying on that information in any way. Reliance on any information provided by Hort Innovation is entirely at your own risk. HIA Ltd is not responsible for, and will not be liable for, any loss, damage, claim, expense, cost (including legal costs) or other liability arising in any way (including from HIA Ltd or any other person’s negligence or otherwise) from your use or non‐use of the Final Report or from reliance on information contained in the Final Report or that HIA Ltd provides to you by any other means. This project has been funded by Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited using the Australian Persimmon industry levy and funds from the Australian Government.
    [Show full text]
  • New State and Island Records of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Hawai‘I, USA
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 9-25-2020 New state and island records of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Hawai‘i, USA Louis S. Hesler William D. Perreira Dana Anne Yee Joshua H.S. Silva Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. A journal of world insect systematics INSECTA MUNDI 0795 New state and island records of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) Page Count: 4 in Hawai‘i, USA Louis S. Hesler USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2923 Medary Avenue, Brookings, SD 57006, USA [email protected] William D. Perreira P.O. Box 61547, Honolulu, HI 96839, USA Dana Anne Yee Dana Anne Yee Foundation, 1717 Mott Smith Drive #905, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Joshua H.S. Silva University of Hawai‘i Cooperative Extension, 955 Kamehameha Highway, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Pearl City, HI 96782, USA Date of issue: September 25, 2020 Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc., Gainesville, FL Hesler LS, Perreira WD, Yee DA, Silva JHS. 2020. New state and island records of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Hawai‘i, USA. Insecta Mundi 0795: 1–4. Published on September 25, 2020 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P.O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non- marine arthropod.
    [Show full text]
  • Mclean12 2 07 Final.Indd
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UC Research Repository Beetle diversity in forest and pastoral areas, Whangamata, Coromandel Peninsula John A. McLean1 and Diane C. Jones2 1Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, 3034-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada 2Entomologist – Diagnostics, Forest Biosecurity and Protection, Ensis – the joint forces of CSIRO and Scion, PB 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] (Received 1 January 2007, revised and accepted 18 January 2007) Abstract Malaise traps were set out for four weeks in December 1997 to compare the beetle populations in kanuka bush, fern bush, a 25 year old mature radiata pine stand, a 6 year old radiata pine plantation, nearby hayfi elds, grassed foreshore areas and on coastal sand dunes. Greater numbers of beetle species were collected at the forested sites than at the pastoral, urban and sand dune sites. Th e greatest number of beetle species was collected in the mature radiata pine stand, which had a well developed understorey of shade tolerant native shrub species. Th e beetle faunas at forested locations had higher degrees of endemism. Habitats maintained by constant human activity had more adventive species. Th e most common species in the grassland habitats were the lucerne weevil Sitona discoideus and the click beetle Conoderus exsul, both adventive species. Th e more numerous species in the forested habitats included the bark mould beetle Salpingus bilunatus, the elaterid Panspoeus guttatus and the fungus weevil Liromus pardalis, all native species.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Description of a New Phytophagous, Silk-Spinning Genus from Costa Rica That Induces Food Bodies on Leaves of Piper (Piperaceae)
    Zootaxa 4554 (1): 255–285 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A804E949-109A-468D-B58B-CF7C8BCB3059 Overview of the lady beetle tribe Diomini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and description of a new phytophagous, silk-spinning genus from Costa Rica that induces food bodies on leaves of Piper (Piperaceae) NATALIA J. VANDENBERG1,3 & PAUL E. HANSON2 1c/o Department of Entomology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, MRC-168, Washington, DC, USA. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] 2Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San Jose, Costa Rica. E-mail: [email protected] 3Corresponding author Abstract A new genus of lady beetle, Moiradiomus gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Latreille, 1807: Diomini Gordon, 1999 ), and four new species are described from Costa Rica, representing the first known occurrences of obligate phytophagous lady beetle species outside of the tribe Epilachnini Mulsant, 1846 (sens. Ślipiński 2007). The new species are described, illustrated and keyed, and their life histories discussed. Each species of Moiradiomus occurs on a separate species of Piper L., 1753 (Piperaceae Giseke, 1792), where the larva constructs a small silken tent between leaf veins and inside this shelter induces the production of food bodies, which are its exclusive source of food. Background information is provided on lady beetle trophic relations and other insect/Piper symbioses. The taxonomic history of Diomus Mulsant, 1850 and related species in the tribe Diomini is reviewed and existing errors in observation, interpretation, identification, and classification are corrected in order to provide a more meaningful context for understanding the new genus.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropod Management in Vineyards
    Arthropod Management in Vineyards Noubar J. Bostanian • Charles Vincent Rufus Isaacs Editors Arthropod Management in Vineyards: Pests, Approaches, and Future Directions Editors Dr. Noubar J. Bostanian Dr. Charles Vincent Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Horticultural Research and Horticultural Research and Development Center Development Center 430 Gouin Blvd. 430 Gouin Blvd. Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada Dr. Rufus Isaacs Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA ISBN 978-94-007-4031-0 ISBN 978-94-007-4032-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012939840 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Vegetation on Kangaroo Island: Landscape Resilience and the Triple Bottom Line
    Native Vegetation on Kangaroo Island: landscape resilience and the triple bottom line FINAL DRAFT Richard V. Glatz 21 January 2015 Dr Richard Glatz PO Box 17 Kingscote SA 5223 [email protected] Acknowledgements Sincere thanks to Phillipa Holden van Zyl and Grant Flanagan (SA Department of Environment, Water & Natural Resources Kangaroo Island) for useful comments and editing at various stages of report production. All photographs © Richard V Glatz unless otherwise acknowledged. D’Estrees Entomology & Science Services Disclaimer Although all reasonable care has been taken in preparing the information contained in this publication, neither DESS nor the other contributing authors accept any responsibility or liability for any losses of whatever kind arising from the interpretation or use of the information set out in this publication. Where products and/or their trade names are mentioned, no endorsement of these products is intended, nor is any criticism implied of similar products not mentioned. ii CONTENTS Abbreviations 1! Non-technical Summary 2! Abstract 7! Report Framework & Aims 8! Conceptualising and valuing ecosystem services from native vegetation: a global debate with local implications 10! Ecosystems Services from Native Vegetation 15! Agricultural Pest Management 15! Agricultural Biosecurity 23! Pollination 24! Salinity 26! Biodiversity 26! Tourism & marketing 29! Social and Community Benefits 30! Contributions to landscape adaptive capacity and resilience 31! Threats to ecosystem services provided by native vegetation on KI
    [Show full text]
  • Dr Stephen Goodwin NSW Agriculture
    Improvements to biological control systems and development of biorational chemicals for integrated pest management of greenhouse vegetables Dr Stephen Goodwin NSW Agriculture Project Number: VG00066 VG00066 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the vegetable industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the vegetable industry, Muirs Ltd, S&P Dominello, Biological Services, Koppert Biological Systems, Bio- Care Technology Pty Ltd, Syngenta Bioline, Amcor Australasia, EID Parry (India), Syngenta Bioline, Hydroponic Farmers Federation Inc, Organic Crop Protectants Pty Ltd, Australasian Biological Control Inc, Fresh Zest and Syngenta-Stinson. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 0840 0 Published and distributed by: Horticultural Australia Ltd Level 1 50 Carrington Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2004 FINAL REPORT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION HAL Project Number: VG00066 (Completion date 30 June 2003) Project
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,544,513 B2 Mensah (45) Date of Patent: *Apr
    USOO6544513B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,544,513 B2 Mensah (45) Date of Patent: *Apr. 8, 2003 (54) METHOD OF CONTROLLING MOTH AND FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS OTHER INSECT PESTS CA 1185172 4/1985 (75) Inventor: Robert Kofi Mensah, Orange (AU) DE 4.005628 7/1980 (73) Assignee: The State of New South Wales C/- EP O462347 12/1991 NSW Department of Agriculture (AU) EP O563963 10/1993 JP 52O82728 7/1977 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this JP 520992.17 8/1977 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 JP 54132237 10/1979 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. JP 59 128317 7/1984 SU 745944 7/1980 This patent is Subject to a terminal dis WO 91/19417 12/1991 claimer. OTHER PUBLICATIONS (21) Appl. No.: 09/782,074 (22) Filed: Feb. 12, 2001 Smith et al., Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 45(2):169-177, Dec. 1988. (65) Prior Publication Data Pristavko et al., Entomol. Rev., Oct./Dec. 1974 (transl. US 2001/0024646 A1 Sep. 27, 2001 1975) 53(4):28-34. Related U.S. Application Data Gillott, Entomology, 1995, Plenum Press, pp. 691-702, (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/448,798, filed on 723-730 & 739. Nov. 24, 1999, now Pat. No. 6,274,137, which is a continu ation of application No. 08/809,522, filed as application No. PCT/AU95/00633 on Sep. 26, 1995, now abandoned. Primary Examiner Irene Marx (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ostrolenk, Faber, Gerb & Soffen, LLP Sep.
    [Show full text]
  • SYSTEMATICS of LADYDIRD BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) by JOSÉ ADRIANO GIORGI (Under the Direction of Joseph V. Mchugh)
    SYSTEMATICS OF LADYDIRD BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) by JOSÉ ADRIANO GIORGI (Under the Direction of Joseph V. McHugh) ABSTRACT Despite the familiarity and economic significance of Coccinellidae, the family has thus far escaped analysis by rigorous phylogenetic methods. As a result, the internal classification remains unstable and there is no framework with which to interpret evolutionary events within the family. We analyzed coccinellid phylogeny using a combined dataset of seven genes: 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, Cytochrome oxidase I, Cytochrome oxidase II, and Histone 3. The entire dataset consists of 6565 aligned nucleotide sites, 1305 of which are parsimony informative. Our study included 20% of the generic-level diversity and 80% of the tribal-level diversity and 100% previously recognized subfamilies. We analyzed the dataset using parsimony and Bayesian methods. Our study supports the monophyly of Coccinellidae; however, most of the traditional subfamilies are not supported as monophyletic. Three recently proposed, but not widely accepted, subfamilies are recognized. A new subfamily is proposed to accommodate Monocoryni. We recognize eight subfamilies of Coccinellidae: Microweiseinae, Monocorynae (new subfamily), Coccinellinae, Chilocorinae, Sticholotidinae, Scymninae, Exoplectrinae, and Hyperaspidinae. The circumscription of Hyperaspidinae (Hyperaspidini Mulsant, Brachiacanthini Mulsant and Selvadiini Gordon) is extended to accommodate Platynaspidini Redtenbacher and Aspidimerini Mulsant. The tribe Coccinellini Latreille is paraphyletic with respect to Tytthaspidini Mulsant (syn. nov.) and Halyziini Mulsant (confirmed status). The tribes Noviini Mulsant, Cryptognathini Casey, Poriini Mulsant, and Diomini Gordon are treated as incertae sedis. The relationship between some of the subfamilies and the placement of several tribes remain ambiguous. We also utilized the phylogenetic hypothesis to provide an evolutionary perspective on the feeding preferences of coccinellids.
    [Show full text]