Congressional Record—House H2048

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Congressional Record—House H2048 H2048 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE April 8, 2008 Tiahrt Walsh (NY) Westmoreland Whereas Tibetan Buddhist monks and nuns Tibetans and incite ethnic nationalism is ex- Tiberi Walz (MN) Wexler in and around Lhasa were blocked by Chi- acerbating ethnic tensions and is counter- Tierney Wamp Whitfield (KY) nese authorities from staging peaceful dem- productive to resolving the situation; Towns Wasserman Wilson (OH) onstrations on this anniversary date and Tsongas Schultz Whereas the United States Department of Wilson (SC) were met with excessive force by the Chinese State included the People’s Republic of Turner Waters Wittman (VA) authorities; China among the group of countries de- Udall (NM) Watson Wolf Whereas protests by Tibetans spread inside Upton Watt Wu scribed as ‘‘the most systematic violators of Van Hollen Waxman Wynn the Tibet Autonomous Region and other Ti- human rights’’ in the introduction of the 2006 Vela´ zquez Weiner Yarmuth betan areas of China; Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Visclosky Welch (VT) Young (AK) Whereas the accumulated grievances of al- and in previous Human Rights Reports, but Walberg Weldon (FL) most six decades of cultural, religious, eco- Walden (OR) Weller Young (FL) did not do so in the 2007 Human Rights Re- nomic, and linguistic repression of the Ti- port, despite no evidence of significant im- NAYS—1 betan people by the Government of the Peo- provements in the human rights situation in Paul ple’s Republic of China has resulted in China in the past year; and resentments which are at the root of the Ti- Whereas it is the policy of the United NOT VOTING—37 betan protests; States ‘‘to support the aspirations of the Ti- Abercrombie Flake Pryce (OH) Whereas resentment of the Chinese Gov- betan people to safeguard their distinct iden- Boucher Gonzalez Radanovich ernment by the Tibetan people has increased tity’’ and ‘‘to support economic develop- Braley (IA) Gordon Renzi sharply since 2005 as a result of Chinese poli- ment, cultural preservation, health care, and Brown, Corrine Granger Rohrabacher cies, laws, and regulations that have reduced education and environmental sustainability Buyer Hall (NY) Rothman economic opportunity for Tibetans and se- for Tibetans inside Tibet’’, in accordance Crenshaw Johnson (GA) Rush Cubin Langevin verely eroded the ability of Tibetans to pre- with the Tibetan Policy Act of 2002 (22 U.S.C. Sali serve their distinctive language, culture, and Diaz-Balart, L. Markey Sires 6901 note): Now, therefore, be it Diaz-Balart, M. McDermott religious identity; Udall (CO) Resolved, That the United States House of Emerson McIntyre Whereas the response by the Chinese Gov- Wilson (NM) Representatives— Engel Mollohan Woolsey ernment to the Tibetan protests was dis- (1) calls on the Government of the People’s Feeney Payne proportionate and extreme, reportedly re- Ferguson Peterson (PA) Republic of China to end its crackdown on sulting in the deaths of hundreds and the de- nonviolent Tibetan protestors and its con- ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE tention of thousands of Tibetans; tinuing cultural, religious, economic, and The SPEAKER pro tempore (during Whereas there have been reports that some linguistic repression inside Tibet; the vote). There are 2 minutes remain- Tibetans engaged in rioting that may have (2) calls on the Chinese Government to resulted in the destruction of government begin a results-based dialogue, without pre- ing. and private property, as well as the deaths of conditions, directly with His Holiness the civilians; b 1917 Dalai Lama to address the legitimate griev- Whereas His Holiness the Dalai Lama has ances of the Tibetan people and provide for a So (two-thirds being in the affirma- used his leadership to promote democracy, long-term solution that respects the human tive) the rules were suspended and the freedom, and peace for the Tibetan people rights and dignity of every Tibetan; Senate bill, as amended, was passed. through a negotiated settlement of the Tibet (3) calls on the Chinese Government to The result of the vote was announced issue, based on autonomy within the context allow independent international monitors of China; as above recorded. and journalists, free and unfettered access to Whereas six rounds of dialogue between A motion to reconsider was laid on the Tibet Autonomous Region and all other the table. representatives of the Dalai Lama and Chi- nese officials have not resulted in meaning- Tibetan areas of China for the purpose of f ful progress; monitoring and documenting events sur- Whereas the Chinese Government has rounding the Tibetan protests and to verify ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER that individuals injured receive adequate PRO TEMPORE rebuffed calls by the President of the United States, the United States Congress, and medical care; The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- world leaders to respond positively to the (4) calls on the Chinese Government to im- ant to clause 8 of rule XX, the Chair Dalai Lama’s willingness to be personally in- mediately release all Tibetans who are im- will postpone further proceedings volved in discussions with Chinese leaders on prisoned for nonviolently expressing opposi- the future of Tibet; tion to Chinese Government policies in today on the motion to suspend the Tibet; rules on which a recorded vote or the Whereas the Chinese Government has deni- grated the Dalai Lama, labeling him as ‘‘a (5) calls on the United States Department yeas and nays are ordered, or on which splittist’’ and ‘‘a wolf in monk’s robes’’, of State to publicly issue a statement recon- the vote is objected to under clause 6 of thereby further alienating Tibetans who con- sidering its decision not to include the Peo- rule XX. sider the Dalai Lama their spiritual leader; ple’s Republic of China among the group of Any record vote on the postponed Whereas the Dalai Lama was recognized countries described as ‘‘the world’s most sys- question will be taken tomorrow. for his contribution to world peace when he tematic human rights violators’’ in the in- received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989; troduction of the 2007 Country Reports on f Whereas the United States Congress, in Human Rights Practices; and CALLING ON THE GOVERNMENT recognition of the Dalai Lama’s outstanding (6) calls on the United States Department OF CHINA TO END ITS CRACK- moral and religious leadership and his advo- of State to fully implement the Tibetan Pol- DOWN IN TIBET cacy of nonviolence, awarded him with the icy Act of 2002 (22 U.S.C. 6901 note), including Congressional Gold Medal on October 17, the stipulation that the Secretary of State Mr. BERMAN. Madam Speaker, I 2007; ‘‘seek to establish an office in Lhasa, Tibet move to suspend the rules and agree to Whereas the Chinese Government has to monitor political, economic and cultural the resolution (H. Res. 1077) calling on failed to honor its commitment to improve developments in Tibet’’, and also to provide the Government of the People’s Repub- the human rights situation in China as a consular protection and citizen services in lic of China to end its crackdown in condition for Beijing being selected as the emergencies, and further urges that the site for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games; agreement to permit China to open further Tibet and enter into a substantive dia- diplomatic missions in the United States logue with His Holiness the Dalai Whereas the Chinese Government has im- peded the access of international journalists should be contingent upon the establishment Lama to find a negotiated solution to Tibetan areas of China and distorted re- of a United States Government office in that respects the distinctive language, ports of events surrounding the Tibetan pro- Lhasa. culture, religious identity, and funda- tests, thereby violating the commitment it The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- mental freedoms of all Tibetans, and made that ‘‘there will be no restrictions on ant to the rule, the gentleman from media reporting and movement of journal- for other purposes. California (Mr. BERMAN) and the gen- ists up to and including the Olympic The Clerk read the title of the resolu- tlewoman from Florida (Ms. ROS- tion. Games’’; Whereas for many years, the Chinese Gov- LEHTINEN) each will control 20 minutes. The text of the resolution is as fol- The Chair recognizes the gentleman lows: ernment has restricted the ability of foreign journalists and foreign government officials, from California. H. RES. 1077 including United States Government offi- GENERAL LEAVE Whereas March 10, 2008, marked the 49th cials, to freely travel in Tibetan areas of anniversary of a historic uprising against China, thereby curtailing access to informa- Mr. BERMAN. Madam Speaker, I ask Chinese rule over the Tibetan people, which tion on the situation in Tibetan areas; unanimous consent that all Members forced His Holiness, the 14th Dalai Lama, to Whereas the Chinese Government’s use of may have 5 legislative days to revise escape into exile in India; propaganda during the protests to demonize and extend their remarks and include VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:58 Jun 26, 2008 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 J:\CRONLINE\2008BA~2\2008NE~2\H08AP8.REC H08AP8 mmaher on PROD1PC76 with CONG-REC-ONLINE April 8, 2008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H2049 extraneous material on the resolution the situation in Tibetan areas in China jing responded with an iron fist. In im- under consideration. and ensure that those injured in the plementing a bloody crackdown, Bei- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there protest receive adequate medical treat- jing ignored its past pledge to the objection to the request of the gen- ment. International Olympic Committee to tleman from California? In addition, the resolution urges Bei- improve the human rights situation in There was no objection.
Recommended publications
  • China's Spring and Summer: the Tibet Demonstrations, the Sichuan Earthquake and the Bejing Olymic Games
    THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION CENTER FOR NORTHEAST ASIAN POLICY STUDIES AND JOHN L. THORNTON CHINA CENTER CHINA’S SPRING AND SUMMER: THE TIBET DEMONSTRATIONS, THE SICHUAN EARTHQUAKE AND THE BEJING OLYMIC GAMES The Brookings Institution Washington, DC July 8, 2008 Proceedings prepared from a tape recording by ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 706 Duke Street, Suite 100 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 P R O C E E D I N G S RICHARD BUSH: Ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much for coming. I’m Richard Bush, the director of the Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies here at Brookings. This event is co-sponsored by the John L. Thornton China Center. My colleague Jeffrey Bader is the director of that center, but he is on vacation. So, he’s here in virtual capacity. I must thank Orville Schell of the Asia Society for giving us this opportunity to have this event today. And we’re very grateful to that. I’m grateful to the staff of our two centers, and of our communications department for all their help. I think this is going to be a really interesting event. We are very fortunate and privileged to have James Miles with us today. He’s one of the most insightful and best informed reporters covering China today. He was the only Western reporter in Lhasa during the troubles of March. And he’s going to talk about that, in just a minute. He’s been in China for some time. He was first with the BBC.
    [Show full text]
  • China (Includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau) 2018 Human Rights Report
    CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2018 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is an authoritarian state in which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the paramount authority. CCP members hold almost all top government and security apparatus positions. Ultimate authority rests with the CCP Central Committee’s 25-member Political Bureau (Politburo) and its seven-member Standing Committee. Xi Jinping continued to hold the three most powerful positions as CCP general secretary, state president, and chairman of the Central Military Commission. Civilian authorities maintained control of security forces. During the year the government significantly intensified its campaign of mass detention of members of Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang). Authorities were reported to have arbitrarily detained 800,000 to possibly more than two million Uighurs, ethnic Kazakhs, and other Muslims in internment camps designed to erase religious and ethnic identities. Government officials claimed the camps were needed to combat terrorism, separatism, and extremism. International media, human rights organizations, and former detainees reported security officials in the camps abused, tortured, and killed some detainees. Human rights issues included arbitrary or unlawful killings by the government; forced disappearances by the government; torture by the government; arbitrary detention by the government; harsh and life-threatening prison and detention conditions; political prisoners;
    [Show full text]
  • Country of Origin Information Report China
    Country of origin information report China July 2020 Country of origin information report China | May 2020 Publication details Location The Hague Assembled by Country of Origin Information Reports Section (AB) The Dutch version of this report is leading. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands cannot be held accountable for misinterpretations based on the English version of the report. Country of origin information report China | May 2020 Table of contents Publication details ............................................................................................2 Table of contents .............................................................................................3 Introduction ....................................................................................................6 1 Political developments ................................................................................ 8 1.1 General ..........................................................................................................8 1.2 Xi Jinping .......................................................................................................8 1.3 The Shuanggui system .....................................................................................9 1.4 The security situation .......................................................................................9 1.5 Social credit system ....................................................................................... 10 1.5.1 Companies ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Section 3: China's Domestic Stability
    SECTION 3: CHINA’S DOMESTIC STABILITY Introduction Twenty-five years after the Tiananmen Square massacre, many of the same underlying causes of unrest persist today. Land sei- zures, labor disputes, wide-scale corruption, cultural and religious repression, and environmental degradation have led to hundreds of thousands of localized protests annually throughout China since 2010. The Chinese leadership has consistently responded to in- creased unrest with repression, censorship, and, occasionally, lim- ited accommodation. Over the past year, ethnic unrest escalated in response to excessive force by China’s internal security forces and the growing radicalization of disenfranchised Uyghurs in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Militant Uyghur separatists also shifted their tactics from attacking Chinese authorities to tar- geting civilians and public spaces. President Xi Jinping, like his predecessors, has made the preser- vation of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) rule and domestic sta- bility his top priorities. He has issued a series of policy directives and institutional changes to centralize the domestic stability main- tenance apparatus under his personal oversight and to expand its scope and capabilities. The growth of Internet connectivity and social media in China has provided Chinese citizens with new tools to express grievances and organize larger, more numerous, and better coordinated pro- tests. To contain this rising threat to authority, President Xi has instituted new constraints on Internet criticism of the CCP, launched high-profile judicial cases against popular online com- mentators and advocates, and further tightened news media and Internet controls. This section—based on a Commission hearing in May 2014 on China’s domestic stability and briefings by U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom of Expression, Association, and Religion; Government Surveillance and Censoring of Internet Communications Is Far Reaching
    January 2010 country summary China In 2009 the Chinese government continued to impose restrictions put in place for the 2008 Olympics, fearing unrest around a series of “sensitive” anniversaries including the 20th anniversary of the Tiananmen massacre and the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Officials obstructed civil society organizations, including groups and individuals working with victims of the May 2008 Sichuan earthquake, broadened controls on Uighurs and Tibetans, and tightened restrictions on lawyers and human rights defenders. The Chinese Communist Party continues its monopoly on political power and, despite legal system reforms, requires judicial institutions to toe the party line. Citizens face significant limits on freedom of expression, association, and religion; government surveillance and censoring of internet communications is far reaching. While China’s international profile and economic clout continue to grow, it is also drawing increasing international scrutiny for a foreign policy that fails to prioritize civil and political rights. Freedom of Expression China’s journalists, bloggers, and estimated 338 million Internet users are subject to the arbitrary dictates of state censors. Proponents of freedom of expression in China scored a rare victory on June 30, 2009, when the Chinese government indefinitely delayed a plan to compel computer manufacturers to pre-install the Internet filtering software Green Dam Youth Escort on all personal computers sold in China. That decision followed weeks of scathing criticism from some of China’s more than 300 million netizens, unprecedented opposition by foreign computer manufacturers and international business associations, and a threat from both the United States trade representative and secretary of commerce that Green Dam might prompt a World Trade Organization challenge.
    [Show full text]
  • Popular Protest in Contemporary China: a Comprehensive Approach
    Popular Protest in Contemporary China: A Comprehensive Approach Popular protest has been frequent in post-1989 China. It has included activism by farmers, workers, and homeowners; environmental activism; nationalist protests; political activism; separatist unrest by Uighurs and Tibetans; and quasi-separatist activism in Hong Kong. These actions have drawn a great deal of scholarly attention, resulting in a rich body of research. However, nearly all focus only on a particular category of citizen collective action. Further, the few studies that examine protest more broadly were written before Xi Jinping assumed the Chinese Party-state’s top posts in 2012, and do not include all of the types of contention listed above. This paper is the first to take a truly comprehensive approach that collectively examines the wide array of protests across China from the 1990s through the present. In so doing, it uncovers patterns that are not found in other studies. Specifically, the paper underscores how protest emergence and success have been impacted by: 1) divisions within the political leadership; 2) laws and official pronouncements; 3) the socioeconomic status and resources of the aggrieved; and 4) the nature of citizen complaints and actions. Based on these findings, the paper concludes with an assessment of their implications for the legitimacy and stability of Chinese Communist Party rule. Teresa Wright Chair and Professor Political Science California State University, Long Beach Prepared for delivery at the 2018 Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association San Francisco, CA, March 29-31, 2018 *Please do not cite or quote without the author’s permission 1 Popular Protest in Contemporary China: A Comprehensive Approach Teresa Wright Popular protest has been frequent in post-1989 China.
    [Show full text]
  • CHINA COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
    CHINA COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 12 October 2012 CHINA 12 OCTOBER 2012 Contents Preface REPORTS ON CHINA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 24 SEPTEMBER 10 OCTOBER 2012 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.05 Infrastructure ........................................................................................................ 1.06 Languages ........................................................................................................... 1.07 Population ............................................................................................................. 1.08 Naming conventions ........................................................................................... 1.10 Public holidays ................................................................................................... 1.12 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 Poverty .................................................................................................................. 2.03 Currency ................................................................................................................ 2.05 3. HISTORY .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Qinghai Across Frontiers
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Qinghai Across Frontiers: State- and Nation-Building under the Ma Family, 1911-1949 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements of the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by William Brent Haas Committee in Charge: Professor Joseph W. Esherick, Co-Chair Professor Paul G. Pickowicz, Co-Chair Professor Weijing Lu Professor Richard Madsen Professor David Ringrose 2013 Copyright William Brent Haas, 2013 All rights reserved The Dissertation of William Brent Haas is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Co-Chair University of California, San Diego 2013 iii Table of Contents Signature Page………………………………………………………………………….. iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………….. iv List of Tables…….……………………………………………………………………… v List of Illustrations……………………………………………………………………… vi Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………....vii Vita……………………………………………………………………………………...xiii Abstract of the Dissertation….……………………………………………………...……ix Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. 1 Chapter One Frontier Militarists in a Transfrontier Province …………………………..13 Chapter Two Fighting for the Frontier: The 1932-1933 Yushu Borderland War……......47 Chapter Three Repelling Reclamation in the “Wastelands” of Qinghai, 1933-1934……93 Chapter Four Schooling at the Frontier: Structuring Education and Practicing Citizenship in Qinghai, 1911-1949………………………………………………………….155 Chapter Five Schooling Mongols and Tibetans: Adaptation and Centralization in
    [Show full text]
  • Pla Missions Other Than Taiwan
    BEYOND THE STRAIT: PLA MISSIONS OTHER THAN TAIWAN Roy Kamphausen David Lai Andrew Scobell Editors Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. April 2009 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** This publication is subject to Title 17, United States Code, Sections 101 and 105. It is in the public domain and may not be copyrighted. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. ***** All Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) publications are available on the SSI homepage for electronic dissemination. Hard copies of this report also may be ordered from our homepage. SSI’s homepage address is: www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil. ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please subscribe on our homepage at www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army. mil/newsletter/. ISBN 1-58487-382-5 ii CONTENTS Foreword Admiral Dennis C. Blair ............................................. v 1. Introduction David Lai and Marc Miller ..................................1 2. How China Manages Taiwan and Its Impact on PLA Missions Andrew Scobell ………………...........................29 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Westminsterresearch Guiding Public Protest: Assessing the Propaganda
    WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch Guiding public protest: assessing the propaganda model of China’s hybrid newspaper industry Bond, G. This is an electronic version of a PhD thesis awarded by the University of Westminster. © Mr Graham Bond, 2015. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: ((http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] Guiding public protest: assessing the propaganda model of China’s hybrid newspaper industry Three case studies: the 2007 Xiamen PX Protest, the 2008 Chongqing Taxi Strike and the 2011 Wukan Land Protest Graham Bond A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Westminster for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2015 1 Abstract This dissertation presents an account and analysis of published mainland Chinese media coverage surrounding three major events of public protest during the Hu-Wen era (2003-2013). The research makes a qualitative analysis of printed material drawn from a range of news outlets, differentiated by their specific political and commercial affiliations. The goal of the research is to better understand the role of mainstream media in social conflict resolution, a hitherto under-studied area, and to identify gradations within the ostensibly monolithic mainland Chinese media on issues of political sensitivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual
    CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2008 ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION OCTOBER 31, 2008 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:26 Nov 02, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\44748.TXT DEIDRE 2008 ANNUAL REPORT VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:26 Nov 02, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 U:\DOCS\44748.TXT DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2008 ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION OCTOBER 31, 2008 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 44–748 PDF WASHINGTON : 2008 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:26 Nov 02, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\44748.TXT DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate SANDER LEVIN, Michigan, Chairman BYRON DORGAN, North Dakota, Co-Chairman MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio MAX BAUCUS, Montana TOM UDALL, New Mexico CARL LEVIN, Michigan MICHAEL M. HONDA, California DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota SHERROD BROWN, Ohio CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska EDWARD R. ROYCE, California SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas DONALD A.
    [Show full text]
  • China (Includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau) 2014 Human Rights Report
    CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2014 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is an authoritarian state in which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the paramount authority. CCP members hold almost all top government and security apparatus positions. Ultimate authority rests with the 25-member Political Bureau (Politburo) of the CCP and its seven- member Standing Committee. China completed its once-in-a-decade leadership transition in March 2013, and Xi Jinping held the three most powerful positions as CCP general secretary, state president, and chairman of the Central Military Commission. Civilian authorities maintained control of the military and internal security forces. Repression and coercion were routine, particularly against organizations and individuals involved in civil and political rights advocacy and public interest issues, ethnic minorities, and law firms that took on sensitive cases. Officials continued to employ harassment, intimidation, and prosecution of family members and associates to retaliate against rights advocates and defenders. Individuals and groups regarded as politically sensitive by authorities continued to face tight restrictions on their freedom to assemble, practice religion, and travel. Authorities resorted to extralegal measures such as enforced disappearance and strict house arrest, including house arrest of family members, to prevent public expression of independent opinions. Authorities continued to censor and tightly control public discourse on the internet. Public-interest law firms continued to face harassment, disbarment of legal staff, and closure. There was severe official repression of the freedoms of speech, religion, association, and assembly of Uighurs in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and of Tibetans in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) and other Tibetan areas.
    [Show full text]