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Microcomputers in Development: a Manager's Guide
Microcomputers in Development: A Manager's Guide Marcus D. Ingle, Noel Berge, and Marcia Hamilton Kumarianfl P-ress 29 Bishop Road West Hartford, Connecticut 06119 Dedications To Diana who is so special in many ways, Aric who helps me learn, Aaron who makes it fun, and Danika who has it all together. Marcus To my Love and Best Friend - Nancy. Noel I am so grateful for the patience, support and gentle harassment provided by my children, Daniel and Elizabeth, and by my husband Dennis. Marcia Copyright © 1983 by Kumarian Press 29 Bishop Road, West Hartford, Connecticut 06119 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Cover de.ign by Marilyn Penrod This manuscript was prepared on a Kaypro microcomputer using Wordstar and printed on a C. Itoh printer using prestige elite type. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Ingle, Marcus. Microcomputers in development. Bibliography: p: 1. Microcomputers. 2. Economic development projects Management-Data processing. I. Berge, Noel, 1943- II.Hamilton, Marcia, 1943- III. Title. QA76.5.1445 1983 658.4'038 83-19558 ISBN 0-931816-03-3 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents iii Foreword v[ ( Authors' Pre fac- ix Acknowledgement s xf INTRODUCTION 1 Some Implications 2 What a Microcomputer is Not 2 Who Should Use T~i Guide? 3 The Purpose and Scope of the Guide 5 What the Guide Does and Does Not Do 6 CHAPTER I: THE IMANAGEMENT POTENTIAL OF USER-FRIENDLY MICROCOMPUTERS 9 The Context if Development Management ]I Generic Management Functions 13 The Importance of User-Friendliness in Microcomputer Systems 24 Structured Flexibility 24 User-Friendly Skill. -
History of Micro-Computers
M•I•C•R•O P•R•O•C•E•S•S•O•R E•V•O•L•U•T•I.O•N Reprinted by permission from BYTE, September 1985.. a McGraw-Hill Inc. publication. Prices quoted are in US S. EVOLUTION OF THE MICROPROCESSOR An informal history BY MARK GARETZ Author's note: The evolution of were many other applica- the microprocessor has followed tions for the new memory a complex and twisted path. To chip, which was signifi- those of you who were actually cantly larger than any that involved in some of the follow- had been produced ing history, 1 apologize if my before. version is not exactly like yours. About this time, the The opinions expressed in this summer of 1969, Intel was article are my own and may or approached by the may not represent reality as Japanese calculator manu- someone else perceives it. facturer Busicom to pro- duce a set of custom chips THE TRANSISTOR, devel- designed by Busicom oped at Bell Laboratories engineers for the Jap- in 1947, was designed to anese company's new line replace the vacuum tube, of calculators. The to switch electronic sig- calculators would have nals on and off. (Al- several chips, each of though, at the time, which would contain 3000 vacuum tubes were used to 5000 transistors. mainly as amplifiers, they Intel designer Marcian were also used as (led) Hoff was assigned to switches.) The advent of assist the team of Busi- the transistor made possi- com engineers that had ble a digital computer that taken up residence at didn't require an entire Intel. -
Retromagazine 02 Eng.Pdf
TABLE OF CONTENTS Holiday time, memory time... ◊ The Olivetti M20 and the history of a Pag. 3 website Summer, with its torrid heat and hot nights came to visit all of us again. Probably now more than ever warmth and ◊ The LM80C Colour Computer - Part 1 Pag. 7 temperatures above average have been expected with such ◊ Japan 12th episode: Game & Watch Vs Pag. 11 trepidation. After a horrible winter and spring, this summer MADrigal is not only synonymous with holidays, but also a slow ◊ Can we multiply the number of games Pag. 18 return to the normal life for some of us. for THEC64? Yes, we can! ◊ Back to the past... - Episode nr. 2: Pag. 19 Who’s writing have been living abroad for few years now Windows 2000 and summer is one of the most awaited moments to be able to return to Italy and embrace friends and family. This year ◊ Amstrad CPC - Redefining characters Pag. 21 you can easily imagine how ardently I was waiting for the ◊ A splash screen in SCR format for the Pag. 23 possibility to travel again and return to the places of my Amstrad CPC youth. For those who live far from their home country the ◊ Abbreviations & shortcuts on using a Pag. 27 chance to return once or twice a year is like browsing graphical interface through a memory album. Finding places and people you ◊ The 1st RMW 8-bit Home Computer Pag. 30 haven't seen in a long time makes you want to know what Chess Tournament happened in the meantime and likewise the possibility of ◊ Introduction to ARexx – Part 1 Pag. -
New Wave of Computers
U.S. Edition: $2.50 NO. 60 MAY 1983 International Edition: $3.00 A d v a n c i n g C om puter. K now ledge. New Wave of Computers ©ATARI 1200XL © APPLE lie @ C64... Color Computer Clock Graphics on the APPLE and PET -o =o5 0 In this month’s Learning Center: =o Sf^ "sf File Management for Commodore Computers ■N- Breakup: An Animation Game for APPLE and Commodore... pHUCXSALAZW sore m > nc 111 SPINE AVf PONEVIUE CA 91011 vereatile than <. This system dete inform ly, and trare ins in the bog MAGiC MEMOR* 1/S8S-57I ia Aveni Ca 918 The challenge was to create a Winchester plus 640K floppy right Western United States computer having room for a mega on up to a combination of four Sage Computer Technology, byte of RAM, a built-in Winchester fixed or removable Winchesters 35 North Edison Way, #4. Reno. with floppy backup, and the ability plus one or tw o floppies (200 mega NV 89502 (702) 322-6868. to perform 2,000.000 instructions bytes of disk capacity in all). per second. Because of the Sage™ IV's no Eastern United States Sage Computer Technology. A small miracle, in other words. compromise system design you can And small is exactly what it load a I6K program in 1/10 second 15 N ew England Executive Park turned out to be. In fact, the 16-bit from Wnchester disk. Suite 120. Burlington. MA 01803 (617) 229-6868 Sage™ IV including all of the above What's more, there are over 120 attributes, takes up less thanZ* sources for existing popular pro In UK cubic foot. -
80-US Nov/Dec 1979
.. • The TRS-80 Users Journal Volume II, Number 6 Nov/ Dec 1979 0 o. 5" / .0 ~ . o Va.Y' ~ o.ble 0 i I fMlm '1EIUJVM One-Onve System. $399. (40-track) & $675. (77-track) Two-Dri ve System. $795. (40-track drtves) & $1358. (77-track drives} Three-Drive System: $1195. (40-track drives) & $2025. (77-track driVes} Requires Expansion Interface. l evel II BASIC &16K RAM Low Cost Add-On Storage for Your TRS·SO*. In the Size You Want. When you're ready for add-on disk storage, we're ready for you. Ready with six mini-disk storage systems - 102K bytes to 591 K bytes of additional on-line storage for your TRS-80*. ' • Choose either 40-track TF0-100™ drives Whether you need a single, 40 - 197K, 394K and 591 K bytes for one-, or 77-track TF0-200™ drives. track TFD-100™ add-on or a three-drive two and three-drive systems. add-on with 77-track TFD-200™s, you PATCH PAK #1 ™, our upgrade • One-, two- and three-drive systems im get more data storage for less money program for your J"RSDOS*, not only mediately available. from Percom. extends TRSDOS* to accommodate 40 and 77-track drives, it enhances • Systems include Percom PATCH PAK Our TFD-100™ drive, for example, lets you store 102.4K bytes of data on TRSDOS "' in other ways as well. PATCH #1™, on disk, at no extra charge. PATCH PAK #1 ™ is supplied with each drive PAK #rde-glitches and upgrades one side of a disk - compared to SOK bytes on a TRS-80* mini-disk drive system at no additi?nal charge. -
Chessmaster History Chessmaster Wa
Chessmaster history https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chessmaster https://chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/Chessmaster Chessmaster was first released as Chessmaster 2000 in 1986 by Software Toolworks, Inc., a software and computer game publisher located in Los Angeles, co-developed by its founder Walt Bilofsky ] and Michael E. Duffy, with a chess engine by David Kittinger, loosely based on MyChess II published by the same vendor since 1984. CM 2000 was released for various 8- and 16-bit home computer platforms based on 6502, Z80, 68000 and 8086 processors, such as Amiga, Apple II, Atari 8- bit, Atari ST, ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, Macintosh, and DOS PCs. The PC version was a rewrite in C based on the 6502 assembly version, which also went into Novag's dedicated Constellation some years before, as mentioned by Larry Kaufman in the USOCCC 1986 tournament report. Novag's programmer Dave Kittinger also was the programmer of the three PC software entries under the name "Chessmaster". As they employ a version of the rather dated "Constellation" program they were not expected to be competitive with the dedicated units, except for "Chessmaster 2000 Apple" which employed extensive technology to run at high speed. Sargon 3 After a deal with Fidelity Electronics in 1988, Software Toolworks continued the Chessmaster series for Apple computers with a Sargon III based program by Kathe and Dan Spracklen, market as Fidelity Chessmaster 2100. PC versions of CM 2100 were based on a Kittinger program. Chessmaster 3000 The Chessmaster 3000 was released in 1991 for MS-DOS and Windows 3.x PCs, as well for Apple Macintosh, based on a Kittinger program as confirmed by John Merlino and mentioned in CCR 5.1. -
Oral History of Kathleen and Dan Spracklen
Oral History of Kathleen and Dan Spracklen Interviewed by: Gardner Hendrie Recorded: March 2, 2005 Eugene, Oregon Total Running Time: 2:01:43 CHM Reference number: X3108.2005 © 2005 Computer History Museum Q: Kathy and Dan Spracklen, here, today, very graciously agreed to be interviewed for the Computer History Museum. And we thank you right at the beginning for doing this. What I think I’d like to do first is possibly get a little bit of family background, on the two of you. Maybe, Kathy, would you be willing to go first? Kathleen Spracklen: If you give me some guidelines. Q: Well yes, where were you born, what did your mother and father do, do you have any siblings- just a little bit of background. Kathleen Spracklen: I was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. My mother is Margaret Dumas, maiden name. My father is Vern Shannon. My father was an electronics foreman, in electronics assembly. My mother worked for the school board. I majored in mathematics, in college. Q: Okay. When you were in high school, what is the first recollection you have of what you thought you might want to do when you grew up? Kathleen Spracklen: Oh okay. I loved math, and I always thought that I would do something in mathematics, maybe teach mathematics- or actually, at the age that I was growing up, mathematicians were needed to be computers. It was before computers were widely prevalent, and so actuarial calculations were all done in math and banking calculations were done by mathematicians. And so I just assumed that that would be the type of job that I would have- that I would work in business, being a mathematician. -
Summer 1980 Catalog
~ . ~adventure ~ international~ with the new Ghost Town! APPLE·, ATARI, PET, SORCERER, TRS-80 SOFTWARE SUMMER 1980 CATALOG - -------- -------~---~ PAGE 2 SUMMER 1980 ADVENTURE INTERNATIONAL INDEX .. Adventure . ... .. ... ...... .. .... .. .. .. 3 Life 2 . ... .. ... .... ... ... · .... 11 Android NIM .. .. .. .. .. ............. ... ...9 Lying Chimps ... ...... ... .. .. .. ... 11 I Back-40 ........ ... ...... .... .. ... .. 9 Micropoly .. ........... .......... ...... 11 1 Backgammon ........ .. ... ..... ....... 9 t Mountain Shoot . ... .. .... ... .... .. ... ... 2 Beewary ........... ...... .. .... .. ......8 Owl Tree . .. ..... ..... .. .. .. ..... .... .. .8 Boss ...... ............. ....... ......... 7 Road Rally ... .... .. .. ..... .8 Concentratfon . ........ .. .... ........ .8 Simutek I . .. ... ... .. ........ .. ... .4 * Data Capture 3-0 . ... ... .. ... .. .... ... 12 Space Battle .. .. ... .. .. .. ... ......... 11 Dim . .. .. ....... ..... .............. 10 Scramble . .. .. .......... ... .. ... 11 Dispatch .... .... .............. .. ..... 10 Spool-80 .. .. ... .. ... ... ..... ..... 12 Dr. Chips . ... .... ... .... .. .... ........ 12 Special Items .. .... .. .. .. .. .... ..... 15 Final Approach .. .. ... ........ ..... .. 12 Tunnels of Fahad . .. .... .. ...... .. .4 Forum-80 ................. ....... .... 16 Tank Command ........... ... .......... .9 Function Grapher .. .. .. .... ..... .. .4 Tai pan ...... .. .. .... .... ...... .. ... 7 Galactic Series .. .. ..... ... .. ... .. 6 T-Shirts .... ... .. ... .... -
Computer Gaming World
September 1989 Number 63 Features SSI's "Curse of the Azure Bonds" 8 Star Saga Two: The Clathran Menace 32 Scorpia Explores Another "Forgotten Realm" Masterplay's New Adventure Game / DeNardo & Lombardi Epyx's "The Omnicron Conspiracy" 14 Linking Up for "Tournament Golf' 38 "We'd Tell You More, But . ." / Dennis Owens Playing a "Mean[er] 18" / Major David S. Stevens SSI's "Hillsfar" 16 Hints for Infocom's "Arthur" 40 "It Takes A Thief" To Be The Best / Roe Adams Scorpion's Tale Offers "Roundtable" Discussion The Sounds of Silicon 18 "Name The Game" Contest 42 CGW's Test Lab Explores IBM Sound Boards Win A Free 3-Year CGW Subscription / DeNardo & Sipe "Chessmaster 2100" vs. "Sargon 4" 20 Software Toolworks and Spinnaker Face-Off / Roy Wagner Departments It's A "Grand [Old] Fleet" 22 Letters from Paradise 4 Taking A Peek 6 SimCan's World War I Naval Combat Game / Lt. H. E. Dille Conversions Received 6 SSI's "Red Lightning" Strikes Twice 26 Rumor Bag 7 Modern Warfare on the ST and IBM / M. Evan Brooks Inside The Industry 11 Game Ratings 24 Here Comes the "Fire King" 28 CGW Hall of Fame 25 SSG's Action/Role-Playing Game / Douglas Seacat Reader Input Device 48 How to Plan for a Long "Journey" 30 Cover Art from "Curse of the Azure Bonds" 1989 TSR, Inc. All Game Hints from Abroad / Roe Adams rights reserved. Used with permission. Letters forces received reinforcements, but only The following items which I gave a in the nick of time. Their salvation was lar- "down-check" to in my review would re- gely due to the possession of a core of quire a prohibitively expensive re-write of elite fighting units, well armed and sup- the entire code: plied, supported by saturation bombard- 1. -
Early History 16Th Century
Early history Further information: History of chess • 6th century – The game chaturanga probably evolved into its current form around this time in India.[1] • 569 – A Chinese emperor wrote a book of xiangqi, Xiang Jing, in AD 569. • c. 600 – The Karnamuk-i-Artakhshatr-i-Papakan contains references to the Persian game of shatranj, the direct ancestor of modern Chess. Shatranj was initially called "Chatrang" in Persian (named after the Indian version), which was later renamed to shatranj. • c. 720 – Chess spreads across the Islamic world from Persia. • c. 840 – Earliest surviving chess problems by Caliph Billah of Baghdad. • c. 900 – Entry on Chess in the Chinese work Huan Kwai Lu ('Book of Marvels'). • 997 – Versus de scachis is the earliest known work mentioning chess in Christian Western Europe.[2] • 1008 – Mention of chess in the will of Count Uregel, another early reference. • 10th century – As-Suli writes Kitab Ash-Shatranj, the earliest known work to take a scientific approach to chess strategy. • late 10th century – Dark and light squares are introduced on a chessboard. • 1173 – Earliest recorded use of a form of algebraic chess notation. • 1283 – Alfonso X compiles the Libro de los juegos, with an extensive collection of chess problems. • late 13th century – Pawns can now move two ranks on first move. • late 14th century – The en passant rule is introduced. • 1422 – A manuscript from Kraków sets the rule that stalemate is a draw. • 1471 – The Göttingen manuscript is the first book to deal solely with chess. • 1474 – William Caxton publishes The Game and Playe of Chesse, the first chess book in English. -
MICRO 6502 Journal, Volume 15, August 1979
m m ® The Magazine of the APPLE, KIM, PET and Other Systems Apple | o f t w a r e from RAINBOW -»*« c w z t t r 4c So.iVon .«•-« tc - t i l K f - M i n i UEP 1 e TEXT EDITOP , z r l:«cf case - NEW! .>■ t r act#' s«: : z r 2 I PIE TEXT EDITOR Machine Language, HIGH RESOLUTION CHARACTER cursor-based text editor for 16K Apple. GENERATOR Machine language program • Features format capabilities of most text for 16K Apple. editors. • Define your own character set and graphic • All commands are control characters. shapes. • Enables you to define your own function • Complete English upper/lower case charac commands. ter set. Order PIE on Cassette: ................... $19.95 • Complete Greek Alphabet with upper/low On Diskette.................................$24.95 er character set. • Scroll, vary window size, invert characters, switch back and forth between two char acter sets. Order Hi-Res Char. Gen. on Diskette $19.95 SARGON for 24K Apple • Flip back and forth between board and text with ESC. •Correct wrong moves •Analyze your position Order SARGON on Cassette ...........$19.95 Call or write today for your FREE Apple Software Catalog. We welcome B/A-VISA M|T MTV KfY T9 tTte BMC RfPBCCe«Mi FASTGAMMON and Mastercharge. Sorry, no CODs. Please 3-D ANIMATION A high quality, challenging game for you add $1.25 shipping and handling. Califor • Define a 3-D lo-res shape. and the computer. nia residents add 6% Sales Tax. •Animate with full perspective. • Includes 3 demo shapes. Order FASTGAMMON on Cassette. -
Sargon-Ii-Manual-Photocopy-Source.Pdf
USER'S GUIDE TO THE APPLE II DISK VERSION OF SARGON II Jn the interests of ever-better computer chess, we proudly present SARGON II. This chess program is greatly improved over the original SARGON program and includes several additional features that will make using it easier and more convenient. It is also a much tougher opponent. For beginners, a level 0 has been included. When playing in level o, SARGON's response is much faster than at other levels. The actual playing algorithm for the chess game has changed consider ably from SARGON I with the result that SARGON II plays a vastly superior game, and at a quicker speed. During the player's move, the level of play to which the game has been set is displayed. During the computer's move, the ply number (as defined on page 4) the computer is currently at is displayed. Since at higher levels of play, the time between moves can be con siderable, a flashing asterisk is displayed to indicate that the computer is thinking and hasn't accidentally hung up. For those players who need help every once in a while, a special hint mode has been included that will suggest a good (not necessarily the best) move that you can make. Finally, setting up the chess board to analyze a particular situation has been simplified. Instead of having to step through each square on the board, any square can now be reached directly. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS One APPLE II computer with at least 24K of memory, one APPLE II disk drive, and one television set or video monitor.