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Core Magazine May 2006

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Core Magazine May 2006 5.1 CA PUBLICATIONo OF THEre COMPUTER HISTORY MUSEUM ⁄⁄ MAY 2006 C OM P U T E R CHESS NEW EXHIBIT SHOWCASES GAME’S PAST AND MUSEUM’S FUTURE PDP-1 RESTORATION SECRETS UNVEILED ⁄⁄ THE FASCINATING WORLD OF TECH MARKETING ⁄⁄ HOW AMERICANS HELPED BUILD THE SOVIET SILICON VALLEY ⁄⁄ EXPLORE MUSEUM ARTIFACTS >> PUBLISHER Karen M. Tucker ASSISTANT PUBLISHER DIG DEEPER! Robert S. Stetson A PUBLICATION OF THE COMPUTER HISTORY MUSEUM ⁄⁄ MAY 2006 Kirsten Tashev Visit the expanded Core website. EXECUTIVE EDITOR Leonard J. Shustek This entire issue is now online at: www.computerhistory.org/core EDITOR Karyn Wolf Lynn It’s a great way to enjoy Core all over again or share it with a friend NEW EXHIBIT EXPLORE THE COLLECTION TECHNICAL EDITOR (please do!). 3 ⁄⁄ The Quest to Build a Thinking 13 ⁄⁄ O B J E C T : Dag Spicer Machine: A History of Computer Chess Google corkboard server rack Why did computer chess capture the The computer that launched Google. ASSISTANT EDITOR attention of a generation of computer By Chris Garcia Chris Garcia scientists and what does building a computer that plays chess tell us about 14 ⁄⁄ S O F T W A R E : DESIGN the nature of machine intelligence? To Micro-Soft BASIC Code with notations Ed Anderson / Skout explore these questions, the museum has Rare handwritten notes on this early code unveiled the “Mastering the Game: A from 1976. CORE ONLINE History of Computer Chess” exhibition By Chris Garcia Grace Chen and online counterpart. Karyn Wolf Lynn By Dag Spicer and Kirsten Tashev 15 ⁄⁄ D O C U M E N T : Mike Walton News release, Software AG of North INDUSTRY TALES America www.computerhistory.org/core 16 ⁄⁄ Selling the Computer Revolution A 1982 document sheds light on The marketing of computers over the international attempts to acquire © 2006 Computer History Museum. All artwork years tells a highly visual and interesting American technology. Want more? Check out enCore is copyright of the Computer History Museum o for the hidden (or not so story of not only how computers advanced, By Sarah Wilson nline, unless otherwise credited. For reprints and but of how society’s views changed right hidden) geek in all of us. permissions, contact core@computerhistory. along with the industry. 20 ⁄⁄ M E D I A : org. Subscriptions are a member benefit; please We’ve added tons of related By Paula Jabloner “He Saw the Cat” 45 RPM Record see page 20 for details. Address changes and An early computer speech effort that made information to help you dig further other written correspondence may be sent to: down into computer history. Material RESTORATION it into the movies. Computer History Museum, Attn: Core Editor, includes: 21 ⁄⁄ Restoring the DEC PDP-1 Computer By Chris Garcia 1401 N Shoreline Blvd, Mountain View, CA 94043- A team of volunteers spent two years 1311, USA. Online exhibits analyzing, researching, repairing, and, we 26 ⁄⁄ E P H E M E R A : Video files // Film clips admit, playing with the PDP-1. Here is a First West Coast Computer Faire Cover artwork: Engraving of The Turk, 1789. Presentations by pioneers report on the joys and sorrows of restoring T-Shirt In 1770, Hungarian inventor Wolfgang von a historic computer. From a celebrated conference that helped Personal interviews Kempelen created a chess-playing automaton Transcripts // Photos By Mike Cheponis launch the microcomputer revolution. called The Turk whose human-like playing And more! By Chris Garcia qualities amazed audiences across Europe INTERNATIONAL INTRIGUE and America. Some observers guessed the 27 ⁄⁄ How Two American Spies Helped SPECIAL INSERT secret that was a mystery for most of its Build the Soviet Silicon Valley Come Explore with Us: Building a career: the source of its playing strength was What were two educated American World-Class Museum a human chess player hidden inside. Courtesy engineers able to accomplish for the Look for this symbol, which indicates of the Library Company of Philadelphia, CHM# Soviet Union as spies during the Cold that supplemental material is posted L062302012. on the web. War? A spy-thriller with a techie twist! 2 ⁄⁄ Editor’s Note By Len Shustek By Steven T. Usdin 33 ⁄⁄ Artifact Donations Photo this page: In 1968, David Levy played a Start an online adventure in Back ⁄⁄ Mystery Item friendly game of chess with Stanford professor computer history! Visit: John McCarthy. After the match McCarthy www.computerhistory.org/core remarked that within ten years a computer program would defeat Levy. Levy bet McCarthy 500 pounds that this would not be the case. In August 1978, Levy (shown here) won the bet when he defeated Chess 4.6, the strongest chess playing computer of the day. Gift of David Levy, CHM# 102634530 EDITOR’S NOTE MISSION To preserve and present for posterity the artifacts and stories of the information age This issue of Core is a wonderful demonstration that being a com- VISION puter museum is about more than just collecting old computers. To explore the computing revolution and its impact on THE QUEST TO BUILD A the human experience It is about designing physical and web-based exhibits to explain EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR & CEO the excitement of trying to build smart machines. It is about telling John C. Toole hitherto unknown spy stories leading to the development of Rus- sian computers during the Cold War. It is about bringing classic BOARD OF Steve Smith THINKING machines from 40 years ago back to life. It is about the changing TRUSTEES The Interim CEO Network fashion in how computers are promoted and sold. It is about build- Leonard J. Shustek Stephen L. Squires ing a comprehensive and eclectic collection that includes make- VenCraft, LLC (President) Consultant shift hardware, legendary software source code, historic t-shirts, Sally M. Abel Pierluigi Zappacosta Fenwick & West LLP Sierra Sciences, Inc. MACHI N E computer-generated 45 RPM records, and news releases about at- David Anderson tempted espionage of computer technology. Sendmail C. Gordon Bell BOARD OF Microsoft Corporation All these efforts represent different aspects of the same mission: ADVISORS Peggy Burke the information revolution is having a profound effect on our civi- Gene Myron Amdahl 1185 Design A HISTORY OF COMPUTER CHESS William Aspray lization, and we owe it to future generations to preserve, under- Andrea Cunningham Indiana University stand, and explain how it came to be. To do so, we collect objects CXO Communication Robert Brodersen Lori Crawford of all types as the raw material, we recreate historical conditions University of California, Infinity Capital for study, and we describe what we know to others. These goals are Berkeley Mark Dean lofty and important. IBM Almaden Research Paul E. Ceruzzi Smithsonian Institution Center by DAG SPICER and KIRSTEN TASHEV Bill Davidow Donna Dubinsky Mohr, Davidow Ventures But we also do it because it’s fun! Would we have restored the Numenta PDP-1 if it wasn’t the “Spacewar! Machine?” Maybe, but maybe Federico Faggin David Emerson Foveon not. The man-machine conflict in the computer chess exhibit is Clarent Corporation Samuel Fuller Edward Feigenbaum the essence of science fiction. The Zelenograd story is in the best Analog Devices, Inc. Stanford University tradition of dramatic spy thrillers, except that it’s true. The story Burt Grad Eric Hahn of the computer is just not the facts of technological development: Inventures Group James Gray Microsoft Corporation it is a rich human story. Gardner Hendrie Sigma Partners Jeanette Horan IBM Almaden Research Peter S. Hirshberg What of the chapters that are being written now? The pace of devel- Center Technorati opment in computers blurs the distinction between past and future. Burge Jamieson Charles House Sigma Partners The British psychiatrist R. D. Laing said, “We live in a moment Intel Corporation Randy H. Katz David House of history where change is so speeded up that we begin to see the University of California, Credence Systems present only when it is already disappearing.” Unlike those who Berkeley Christine Hughes study the history of the printing press or the Crusades, we are both Achievement Plus Steven T. Kirsch Propel Software burdened and privileged by having the object of our study evolving John Mashey Corporation Consultant in our lifetimes. What an experience that is! Tom Melcher Isaac R. Nassi SAP Greg Papadopoulos I hope you enjoy this and future issues of Core, and get involved in Sun Microsystems Suhas Patil the effort to preserve computing history. We live in a remarkable Tufan David Patterson University of California, time of technological change and should celebrate it joyously. Bernard L. Peuto Berkeley Concord Consulting John William Poduska, Sr. F. Grant Saviers Advanced Visual Systems Adaptec, Inc. (retired) James N. Porter Len Shustek Larry Schoenberg DISK/TREND, Inc. John F. Shoch Eric E. Schmidt Alloy Ventures Google Len Shustek is the Chairman of the Computer History Museum. Heidi Sinclair Burson-Marsteller He has been the co-founder of two high-tech companies, a trustee of various non-profits, a director of several corporations, and on the faculty of Carnegie Mellon and Stanford Universities. Computer History Museum 1401 N Shoreline Blvd Mountain View, CA 94043-1311 USA +1.650.810.1010 main +1.650.810.1055 fax www.computerhistory.org Copyright © 2006 Computer History Museum. All rights reserved. The museum is an independent 501(c)3 organization, TID #77-0507525. Printed in the USA. 2 CORE 5.1 WWW.COMPUTERHISTORY.ORG/CORE 3 nal) forces as a means of explaining nature. testing it with paper and pencil and using This knowledge was extended dramatically himself as the “computer.” WHY COMPUTER CHESS? in the first third of the 20th century on Commercial computers arrived in the both theoretical and experimental planes early to mid-1950s as companies applied In September 2005, the Computer History Museum opened Chess is a very ancient game.
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