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Fashola MO.Pdf (9.054Mb) BIOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF METAL RESISTANT BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM ABANDONED GOLD MINE TAILINGS M.O. FASHOLA orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-0042 M.sc Microbiology........----------.-rr,rrARY MAFI'•: G CAMPUS i------�----CALL Nu., 2021 -02- 0 1 ACC.NO.: I Thesis submitted for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in Biology at the Mafikeng Campus of the North-West University Promoter: Prof Olubukola 0. Babalola Co-promoter: Prof Veronica Mpode Ngole-Jeme Graduation: October, 2017 Student number: 24804460 http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/ DECLARATION I, the undersigned, declare that this thesis submitted to the North-West University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology in the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Technology, School of Environmental and Health Sciences, and the work contained herein is my original work with exception of the citations and that this work has not been submitted at any other University in part or entirety for the award of any degree. STUDENT NAME Muibat Omotola FASHOLA SIGNATURE ...ffi.- .Q: .. ~~0. !'..~.;-"!l.~ .... DATE .... .I.'~.:-:-.!.?.:-:.. ~.!. ............... SUPERVISOR'S NAME DATE ...........l .~ :-.-.-/. fXl p .. ..... ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to Almighty God for his faithfu lness, gu idance and infinite mercy over my life, to my loving and wonderful husband, Mr Oluwole Peter Fashola, and my lovely kids: Esther Abisola, Isaiah Oluwatomiwa and Ezekiel Oluwaseyi Fashola. Ill ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My special gratitudes go to my wonderful mentors and supervisors, Prof Olubukola Oluranti Babalola and Prof Veronica Mpode Ngole-Jeme. Thank you for your encouragement, support, guidance, valuable advice and constructive criticism and motivation for the timely completion of this work. It was great pleasure to work with you. I acknowledge with gratitude the support of Tertiary Education Trust Fund (Tet fund) for releasing fund for staff training development programme, H3A Bio Net/SANBIO Postgraduate Scholarships and North-West University for offering me bursary/scholarship award to pursue the PhD degree. My special thanks also go to the management of Lagos State University, the present and past deans of the Faculty of Science, for granting me the opportunity and support to pursue the programme. I would also like to thank all the academic and non-academic staff of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, for their immense support during the programme. I will like to specially appreciate Prof S. Bakre, Prof N.A. Olasupo, Prof. K.O. Akinyemi, Dr A.O. Oyefolu, Dr O.S. Obayori, Dr (Mrs) B.O. Opere, Dr K. Amisu, Mr A. Anjorin Mrs B. Okukpe for their unflinching support and love. My special thanks to, Prof 0.0. Amund, for his fatherly counsel and encouragement and to my sister, friend and great confidant Dr G.M. Saibu, may God continue to guide and uphold you. I would like to express my indebtedness to all those who contributed directly or indirectly to the success of this project; Dr B.R Aremu, Dr M.F Adegboye, Dr T. Onwordi, Mrs C.F. Ajilogba, Miss R. Adebayo, Dr S.P. Banakar, Dr E.T Alori, Dr D. Olajire, Mr R.J. Aka, Mr and Mrs D. T. Olorunfemi, Mr E.W. Bumunang, Mrs M. Tsheole and Dr A.E. Omotayo I will forever be grateful. iv I will also like to say a big thank you to all my colleagues in the Microbial Biotechnology Research Group as well as all the members and staff of the Department of Biological Sciences, the past and the present H0Ds, Prof 0 . Ruzvidzo and Prof Emmanuel Mukvepho as well as all faculty and staff members of the School of Environmental and Health Sciences, North West University, for their immense support. My sincere thanks go to my wonderful family and friends in North West University, for their love encouragement and support. I would like to specially thank Dr M.A. Egbuta, Dr L. Ngoma, Mrs A. Akindolire, Dr 0.S. Aremu, Mrs A.E. Amoo, Mr 0. 0lanrewaju, Mr Adeleke, Miss S. Akinpelumi, Mr and Mrs 0 . 0motayo, Dr and Dr. E.0 . Fayemi, Mrs. A.T. Adesetan, Mrs 0. Fadiji, Dr B. 0lajuwon, Mr S. Ayangbenro, Mr A. Adeniji and Mrs Fortune Chukwuneme. I am indebted and thankful to Mr L.L Fashola for his financial support, Mr and Mrs K.A. 0yeniyi for making my stay in South Africa a memorable one, I appreciate you all. Special thanks also go to my brother in-law, Mr S.K. Fashola, and his family for their unflinching support, understanding and love. Thanks so much for believing in me. I thank my parents, Mr and Mrs S.F Yussuf, for investing so much in me and for their prayers, encouragement and support. May you live long to reap the fruit of your labour. I am also indebted to all my wonderful brothers and sisters, Mrs R .A. Ashimolowo, Mr R. Yussuf, M.0. Yussuf, R.A. Yussuf, I. Yussuf, 1.S . Yussuf and all others that I couldn' t mention for being so supportive throughout my academic careers. My special appreciation goes to my loving and wonderful crown, Mr 0 .P. Fashola, and my lovely kids, Esther, Isaiah and Ezekiel Fashola. Thanks for your understanding and support during my long absence from home and for helping me keep the priorities straight and maintain proper perspective. V I will also like to appreciate my pastors and the household of God both m South Africa and Nigeria for their prayers and support. Above all, I give all glory, honour and adoration to almighty God for his mercies and abundant grace in my life. V I TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ...................................................................................... .......... .. ......................... ii DEDICATION ................................ .... .......................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................... ................................ .............................................. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ........... .... .... ............................................................. .. ......................... vii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURES ........ ................................................................................. .. .......................... xiv GENERAL ABSTRACT ............................................................................. .... ...................... xviv ii LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................................ .............. xix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... xxi CHAPTER ONE .... ............... .. ................ ................................................ .... .................................. 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction to this chapter .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem statement .... ...................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Justification of the study ................................................................................................ 8 1.4 General objective ............................................................................................................ 9 1.4.1 The specific objectives of this study were to: ...................................................... 10 1.5 Research questions .......... .... .......... ............................................................................... 10 CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................................... 11 DIVERSITY OF ACIDOPHILIC BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA AND THEIR ROLES IN BIOREMEDIATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE .............. .......................................... 11 Abstract ......................................... .......... ................................... ... ... ........ ... ........... ............ .......... 11 2.1 Introduction ........................................................... ............................. ....... .. ............... .. 12 2.2 Origin of Acid Mine Drainage ............ ................................................ ........................ ... 12 2.3 Biodiversity of Acidophilic Microorganisms in AMD .............................................. 13 2.4 Pyrite Oxidation ........................................................................................................... 18 2.5 Disadvantage of Acidophilic Microorganisms ........................................................... 20 2.6 Different Treatment Technologies for AMD ............................................................. 20 2.6.1 Passive treatment .... ...... .... .... ...................... .. ........................................................ 21 2.6.2 Active treatment ..... ... ............................................................................................ 23 VII 2.7 AMD Treatment Mechanism by Acidophilic Microorganisms .. ....... ...................... 23 2.8 Ferric Iron Reduction .. ..... ..... ........ .. ................ ... .... ... ..... ........................................ ..... 25 2.9 Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) ..... .. ....................................... ... .. .................. .... .... 26 2.10 Conclusion ... .. ...... ..... ............. ............ ... ................................................. ................... .. ... 31 CHAPTER THREE ....................................................................................
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