Iraq: an Initial Assessment of Post- Conflict Operations
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House of Commons Defence Committee Iraq: An Initial Assessment of Post- Conflict Operations Sixth Report of Session 2004–05 Volume II Oral and Written Evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 16 March 2005 HC 65-II [Incorporating HC 721-i-ii, Session 2003–04] Published on 24 March 2005 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £16.50 The Defence Committee The Defence Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Ministry of Defence and its associated public bodies. Current Membership Mr Bruce George MP (Labour, Walsall South) (Chairman) Mr James Cran MP (Conservative, Beverley and Holderness) Mr David Crausby MP (Labour, Bolton North East) Mike Gapes MP (Labour, Ilford South) Mr Mike Hancock CBE MP (Liberal Democrat, Portsmouth South) Mr Dai Havard MP (Labour, Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney) Mr Kevan Jones MP (Labour, North Durham) Richard Ottaway MP (Conservative, Croydon South) Mr Frank Roy MP (Labour, Motherwell and Wishaw) Rachel Squire MP (Labour, Dunfermline West) Mr Peter Viggers MP (Conservative, Gosport) The following Member was also a member of the Committee during the period covered by this report. Mr Crispin Blunt MP (Conservative, Reigate) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publication The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at: www.parliament.uk/parliamentary_committees/defence_committee.cfm A list of Reports of the Committee in the present Parliament is at the back of this volume. Committee Staff The current staff of the Committee are Mark Hutton (Clerk), Richard Cooke (Second Clerk), Ian Rogers (Audit Adviser), Daniel Korski (Committee Specialist), Adrian Jenner (Inquiry Manager), Lis McCracken (Committee Assistant), Sheryl Dinsdale (Secretary), and James McQuade (Senior Office Clerk). Contacts All correspondence should be addressed to the Clerks of the Defence Committee, House of Commons, London, SW1A 0AA. The telephone number for general inquiries is 020 7219 5745; the Committee’s e-mail address is [email protected]. Media inquiries should be addressed to Adele Brown on 020 7219 0724. Witnesses Wednesday 23 June 2004 Page Mr Martin Howard, Director General, Operational Policy, and Major General Nick Houghton, Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Operations), Ministry of Defence Ev 1 Tuesday 2 November 2004 Rt Hon Geoff Hoon, a Member of the House, Secretary of State for Defence, Ministry of Defence Ev 19 Wednesday 26 January 2005 Chief Constable Paul Kernaghan, Chief Constable Hampshire Constabulary and ACPO Coordinator for International Policing, Mr Stephen Pattison, Director of International Security, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Mr Stephen Rimmer, Director, Policing Policy, Home Office, and Dr Owen Greene, Director for the Centre for International Security and Co-operation, University of Bradford Ev 31 Wednesday 26 January 2005 Mr Martin Howard, Director General, Operational Policy, Lt General John McColl CBE DSO, Former British Military Representative in Iraq, Major General Nick Houghton CBE, Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Operations) and Major General Bill Rollo CBE, former General Officer Commanding MND (SE), Ministry of Defence Ev 56 Wednesday 2 February 2005 Mr Martin Howard, Director General, Operational Policy, Lt General John McColl CBE DSO, Former British Military Representative in Iraq, Major General Nick Houghton CBE, Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Operations) and Major General Bill Rollo CBE, former General Officer Commanding MND (SE), Ministry of Defence Ev 63 Wednesday 9 February 2005 Mr Jim Drummond, Former Director, Iraq Directorate, Ms Pauline Hays, Senior Programme Manager, Iraq, and Mr Rodney Matthews, Former Head of Office, Basra, Department for International Development Ev 86 Wednesday 9 February 2005 Rt Hon Adam Ingram, a Member of the House, Minister for the Armed Forces, Major General Nick Houghton CBE, Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Operations) and Dr Roger Hutton, Director, Joint Commitments, Ministry of Defence Ev 102 6 Iraq List of written evidence Ministry of Defence Ev 122 Follow-up to the evidence session on 23 June 2004 Ev 125 Follow-up to the evidence session on 2 February 2005 Ev 126 Follow-up to the evidence session on 9 February 2005 Ev 129 Foreign and Commonwealth Office Follow-up to the evidence session on 26 January 2005 Ev 130 Department for International Development Follow-up to the evidence session on 9 February 2005 Ev 132 Human Rights Watch Ev 134 Shlomo Avineri, Herbert Samuel Professor of Political Science, Hebrew University, Jerusalem Ev 137 Colonel (retd) C R Langton, International Institute for Strategic Studies Ev 139 Dr Rod Thornton, Joint Service Command College Ev 141 Ministry of Defence Follow-up to the evidence sessions on 2 and 9 February 2005 Ev 145 Kevin Hurley, Chief Superintendent, City of London Police Ev 148 Letter from the Secretary of State for Defence Ev 150 Defence Committee: Evidence Ev 1 Oral evidence Taken before the Defence Committee on Wednesday 23 June 2004 Members present: Mr Crispin Blunt Mike Gapes Rachel Squire Mr Dai Havard Mr Peter Viggers Mr Frank Roy In the absence of Mr George Bruce, Mr Peter Viggers was called to the Chair Witnesses: Mr Martin Howard, Director General, Operational Policy, and Major General Nick Houghton, Assistant Chief of Defence StaV (Operations), examined. Q1 Mr Viggers: Thank you for joining us. I am sorry which cover these sort of issues for us in the pre-30 that you were kept waiting a few minutes, we had June environment. The Transitional Administrative some important business to do and we also had to Law does allow for CPA orders tocontinueafter 30 vote twice which delayed us for half an hour before June soit seems very likely that with the agreement we commenced business this afternoon. Mr of IIG the amendments to those will give us the cover Howard, would you care to introduce yourself and we are looking for. That is where we are at the your colleague? moment. There is still some work to do—it looks like Mr Howard: I am Martin Howard and I am Director it is mostly tidying up—but we are confident that it General, Operational Policy, Ministry of Defence. will be resolved by 30 June. My colleague is Major General Nick Houghton, whois Assistant Chief ofDefence Sta V Q3 Mr Viggers: And resolution 1546: “Notes that (Operations). the presence of the multinational force is at the request of the incoming Interim Government of Iraq.” Q2 Mr Viggers: Thank you. May I start by asking Mr Howard: That is right, yes. you to explain the legal authority for the presence of British forces now in Iraq and post-30 June? Can V you try to put that in terms which we and even the Q4 Mr Viggers: Which of course was e ectively public can understand? appointed by the occupying forces? Mr Howard: I shall try and dothat, Chairman. We Mr Howard: I think the membership of the are obviously concerned that this is dealt with government was endorsed by the United Nations properly and we are dealing with it in a number of as well. respects. In the first instance of course, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1546 provides Q5 Mr Viggers: Sowill there be a lacuna on30 June part of the legal basis, together with the side letters or do you envisage that the negotiations will from Prime Minister Allawi and the US Secretary of resolve that? State, and with the combination of those two things Mr Howard: We believe they will be resolved by 30 we are very content that that covers our authority to June. be there, our authority to carry out operations including oVensive operations where necessary and Q6 Mr Viggers: Are there any practical diVerences also, if need be, to detain people in the event of the between the mandates under Resolution 1511 and precise words “imperative security need” There are Resolution 1546? a number of other issues that need to be resolved Mr Howard: I donotbelieve there are any before 30 June to do with what we would call a status diVerences. I donotbelieve there are any. of forces agreement. These are issues such as Major General Houghton: Perhaps if I were tosay jurisdiction, access to country and in-country real that from the point of view of the way in which the estate issues. Those issues are being discussed now multinational force will operate, quite clearly, prior between the Coalition Provisional Authority and the to 30 June the way in which the coalition forces Interim Iraqi Government. The IIG, if I can use that operated was very much within their own chain of abbreviation, is aware of what we need and command and to a strategy that was laid down by understands what we need and it is really a question that chain of command. The major diVerence in of sorting out precise mechanisms for giving reality on the ground post the 30th is what is protection and cover to our forces in those areas that described in UNSCR side letters as a partnership I have described. We think it is most likely that this will exist between what is now known as the will be done by amending Coalition Provisional multinational force and the Iraqi sovereign Authority or CPA orders which already exist and authority. So there will not be, as it were, allowance Ev 2 Defence Committee: Evidence 23 June 2004 Mr Martin Howard and Major General Nick Houghton for independent action taken outside the consensus Mr Howard: The precise ones are Al Basrah, Al- of that partnership.