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PROFILE of the DRAWA MODEL AREA Appraisal for a Community Managed Forest Area in Fiji

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PROFILE of the DRAWA MODEL AREA Appraisal for a Community Managed Forest Area in Fiji PACIFIC GERMAN REGIONAL FORESTRY PROJECT PROFILE of the DRAWA MODEL AREA Appraisal for a community managed forest area in Fiji Christine Fung May 2005 Secretariat of Deutsche Gesellschaft für the Pacific Community Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH PROFILE OF THE DRAWA MODEL AREA Secretariat of the Pacific Community / German Technical Cooperation Pacific-German Regional Forestry Project Cover photos (first row, left to right): Photo 1 Drawa woman washing pots in Drawa River. Photo: R.J. Blank, December 2004 Photo 2 Newly accessed Drawa village. Photo: R.J. Blank, December 2004 Photo 3 Keka and Vatuvonu village youths. Photo: R.J. Blank, December 2004 Photo 4 Dalo plantation, Drawa model area. Photo: J. Mateboto, September 2004 (second row, left to right): Photo 5 Davui vatu – stone for heralding villagers, Drawa village. Photo: R.J. Blank, December 2004 Photo 6 House with thatched bamboo walls, Drawa village. Photo: R.J. Blank, September 2003 Photo 7 Lutukina River, western boundary of model area. Photo: C. Fung, May 2004 Photo 8 School children of Lutukina District School. Photo: C. Fung, May 2004 Table of Contents ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................................................. v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... I 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 2. PHYSICAL PROFILE............................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 2 2.2 TOPOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY 4 2.3 CLIMATE 5 2.4 GEOLOGY 6 2.5 SOIL 7 2.6 LAND USE CAPABILITY (LUC) 10 2.7 FLORA AND FAUNA 12 2.7.1 Forest ...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.7.2 Non–timber forest product (NTFP) .......................................................................................... 16 2.7.3 Botanical surveys .................................................................................................................... 17 3. LAND TENURE PROFILE .................................................................................................................. 19 3.1 LAND TENURE IN FIJI 19 3.1.1 Types of Land Ownership ....................................................................................................... 19 3.1.2 Formal Leases......................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.3 Informal reserves..................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 LAND TENURE IN THE DRAWA MODEL AREA 21 3.2.1 Formal leases In the Drawa Model area ................................................................................. 22 3.2.2 Informal reserves In the Drawa Model area ............................................................................ 23 3.2.3 Informal tenureship arrangements in the Drawa Model area.................................................. 24 3.2.4 Tenureship arrangements outside the Drawa model area...................................................... 25 4. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PROFILE................................................................................................. 27 4.1 THE MATAQALI’S OF THE DRAWA MODEL AREA 27 4.2 TRADITIONAL STRUCTURES 28 4.2.1 Vanua Structure – Tikina Wailevu........................................................................................... 29 4.2.2 Yavusa Drawa Structure ......................................................................................................... 29 4.3 FORMAL STRUCTURES 30 4.3.1 The Drawa Landowners Forest Management Cooperative Ltd (DraFCo) .............................. 31 4.4 EXISTING AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS 33 4.4.1 Inter-mataqali conflict .............................................................................................................. 33 4.4.2 External parties........................................................................................................................ 35 5. CURRENT LAND USE PROFILE....................................................................................................... 36 5.1 PAST CULTIVATION 36 5.1.1 Past Timber Harvesting Activities............................................................................................ 37 5.2 LAND USE INSIDE THE DRAWA MODEL AREA 37 5.2.1 Land users of the Drawa model area ...................................................................................... 38 i 5.2.2 Cultivation in the Drawa model area ....................................................................................... 39 5.2.3 Cultivation site selection.......................................................................................................... 42 5.2.4 Working groups ....................................................................................................................... 45 5.2.5 Farming pattern in the Drawa model area............................................................................... 45 5.2.6 Land use technologies ............................................................................................................ 48 5.3 LAND USE OUTSIDE THE DRAWA MODEL AREA 49 5.3.1 Land use pattern outside the model area................................................................................ 49 5.4 FUTURE LAND USE PLANS FOR THE DRAWA MODEL AREA 52 6. ECONOMIC PROFILE ........................................................................................................................ 54 6.1 FACTORS INFLUENCING PRODUCE MARKETED 54 6.1.1 Traditional taboos.................................................................................................................... 54 6.1.2 Church demand....................................................................................................................... 54 6.1.3 Accessibility ............................................................................................................................. 55 6.1.4 Market prices ........................................................................................................................... 55 6.2 MARKET CENTRES 55 6.2.1 Market Access ......................................................................................................................... 56 6.3 CASH PRODUCE 57 6.3.1 Marketing................................................................................................................................. 58 6.4 OTHER SOURCES OF INCOME 61 6.4.1 Cutting sugar-cane .................................................................................................................. 63 6.4.2 Remittance from working relatives outside village .................................................................. 64 6.4.3 Non-timber forest products (NTFP)......................................................................................... 64 6.5 BARTERING AND RECIPROCITY 65 7. ISSUES AND CONCERNS................................................................................................................. 66 7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS 66 7.1.1 Agriculture practices................................................................................................................ 66 7.1.2 Specific areas for protection.................................................................................................... 66 7.1.3 Role of taboos ......................................................................................................................... 68 7.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES 69 7.2.1 Traditional institutions and norms............................................................................................ 69 7.2.2 Effects of Commercialisation................................................................................................... 70 8. LIST OF ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................ 73 9. GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................................ 73 10. REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................... 74 ii List of Tables Table 1. Soil pH categories.......................................................................................................................... 7 Table 2. Summary description of the soil main units in the Drawa model area........................................... 9 Table 3. Fiji land use capability classes..................................................................................................... 10 Table 4. Land use capability classes for Drawa model area ..................................................................... 11 Table 5. Forest Cover and Forest Functions of the Drawa model area .................................................... 14 Table 6. List of rare or threatened taxa in the Drawa model area ............................................................. 18 Table 7. Area under Native reserve in the model area.............................................................................
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