The Great Sea Reef Weaving Together Communities for Conservation
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FIJI Building Inclusive Institutions for Sustained Growth COUNTRY DIAGNOSTIC STUDY
FIJI BUILDING INCLUSIVE InstitUTIONS foR SUstained GROWTH COUNTRY DIAGNOSTIC STUDY ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK FIJI BUILDING INCLUSIVE InstitUTIONS foR SUstained GROWTH COUNTRY DIAGNOSTIC STUDY Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department November 2015 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2015 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org; openaccess.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2015. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9257-099-6 (Print), 978-92-9257-100-9 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT157617-2 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank Fiji: Building inclusive institutions for sustained growth. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2015. 1. Economic development. 2. Fiji. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. -
The Case for Lau and Namosi Masilina Tuiloa Rotuivaqali
ACCOUNTABILITY IN FIJI’S PROVINCIAL COUNCILS AND COMPANIES: THE CASE FOR LAU AND NAMOSI MASILINA TUILOA ROTUIVAQALI ACCOUNTABILITY IN FIJI’S PROVINCIAL COUNCILS AND COMPANIES: THE CASE FOR LAU AND NAMOSI by Masilina Tuiloa Rotuivaqali A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce Copyright © 2012 by Masilina Tuiloa Rotuivaqali School of Accounting & Finance Faculty of Business & Economics The University of the South Pacific September, 2012 DECLARATION Statement by Author I, Masilina Tuiloa Rotuivaqali, declare that this thesis is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published, or substantially overlapping with material submitted for the award of any other degree at any institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text. Signature………………………………. Date……………………………… Name: Masilina Tuiloa Rotuivaqali Student ID No: S00001259 Statement by Supervisor The research in this thesis was performed under my supervision and to my knowledge is the sole work of Mrs. Masilina Tuiloa Rotuivaqali. Signature……………………………… Date………………………………... Name: Michael Millin White Designation: Professor in Accounting DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my beloved daughters Adi Filomena Rotuisolia, Adi Fulori Rotuisolia and Adi Losalini Rotuisolia and to my niece and nephew, Masilina Tehila Tuiloa and Malakai Ebenezer Tuiloa. I hope this thesis will instill in them the desire to continue pursuing their education. As Nelson Mandela once said and I quote “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The completion of this thesis owes so much from the support of several people and organisations. -
Setting Priorities for Marine Conservation in the Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion Contents
Setting Priorities for Marine Conservation in the Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion Contents Acknowledgements 1 Minister of Fisheries Opening Speech 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 Executive Summary 5 1.0 Introduction 7 2.0 Background 9 2.1 The Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion 9 2.2 The biological diversity of the Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion 11 3.0 Objectives of the FIME Biodiversity Visioning Workshop 13 3.1 Overall biodiversity conservation goals 13 3.2 Specifi c goals of the FIME biodiversity visioning workshop 13 4.0 Methodology 14 4.1 Setting taxonomic priorities 14 4.2 Setting overall biodiversity priorities 14 4.3 Understanding the Conservation Context 16 4.4 Drafting a Conservation Vision 16 5.0 Results 17 5.1 Taxonomic Priorities 17 5.1.1 Coastal terrestrial vegetation and small offshore islands 17 5.1.2 Coral reefs and associated fauna 24 5.1.3 Coral reef fi sh 28 5.1.4 Inshore ecosystems 36 5.1.5 Open ocean and pelagic ecosystems 38 5.1.6 Species of special concern 40 5.1.7 Community knowledge about habitats and species 41 5.2 Priority Conservation Areas 47 5.3 Agreeing a vision statement for FIME 57 6.0 Conclusions and recommendations 58 6.1 Information gaps to assessing marine biodiversity 58 6.2 Collective recommendations of the workshop participants 59 6.3 Towards an Ecoregional Action Plan 60 7.0 References 62 8.0 Appendices 67 Annex 1: List of participants 67 Annex 2: Preliminary list of marine species found in Fiji. 71 Annex 3 : Workshop Photos 74 List of Figures: Figure 1 The Ecoregion Conservation Proccess 8 Figure 2 Approximate -
Governance in Fiji: the Interplay Between Indigenous Tradition, Culture and Politics
Tradition, Culture and Politics 15. Keynote Address — Governance in Fiji: The interplay between indigenous tradition, culture and politics Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi Commentators and observers alike have long decried the ethnic nature of politics in Fiji. It is seen as an obstacle to the creation of a more unified and cohesive society. Those concerns are well taken, however, the forces of history cast a long shadow over the present. For indigenous Fijians there is a constant struggle between embracing other communities and maintaining a distinct and separate identity. There is ambivalence about compromise. It is feared something is indelibly lost in that process. Fijian unity as an ideal is extolled and valued because it is perceived as the only way Fijians believe they can protect their `Fijianness'. The reality is far more complex. But it provides a reassuring sanctuary against the challenges they face both individually and collectively. British colonial rule in 1874 created the legacy we have today. The first Governor, Sir Arthur Gordon, established the Fijian Administration. It introduced a separate system of indirect rule by the British through the Fijian chiefs over their Fijian subjects. Having served as Governor of Mauritius, Gordon had no qualms about importing Indian indentured labour to plant cane for sugar production in order to finance the running of the nascent colony. The first labourers arrived in 1879 and the scheme continued until 1916, when it was ended, owing to widespread protests by Mohandas Gandhi among others. The separation of Fijians from other ethnic communities was maintained until the abolition of the Native Regulations in 1967. -
Women in Fisheries E, Agriculture
Women in fisheries #27 - Dec. 2016 information bulletin ISSN 1028-7752 Editor’s note Welcome to the 27th issue of the Women in Fisheries Bulletin, which highlights gender roles in coastal fisheries, women’s fishing activities in urban and rural communities, and gender issues in development. In this issue, the first article relates to the Fijian supply chain and marketing of the seagrapes, Caulerpa racemosa. The authors, Cherie Morris and Shirleen Bala, describe the harvesting and marketing sites for Caulerpa. Approxi- Inside this issue mately 70% of the crop is from the Yasawa Islands in the Western Division. It is sold in a number of urban markets, with the main municipal market located in Suva. Caulerpa is sold by portion (heaps), at prices ranging from Supply chain and marketing of seagrapes, FJD 2.00–4.00 (≈ USD 1.00–2.00) per heap, the weight of which ranges Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskaål) J. Agardh from 250–300 grams. (Chlorophyta: Caulerpaceae) in Fiji The peak marketing days Cherie Morris and Shirleen Bala p. 3 of Caulerpa in Fiji are Fri- Changing patterns in household days and Saturdays. Fresh, membership, changing economic harvested stock arrives in activities and roles of men and the main markets (Suva women in Matokana Village, Onoilau, Fiji and Lautoka) by Thursday afternoon. Some harvesters Veikila Vuki p. 9 do their own retailing but most stock is sold directly Gender issues in culture, agriculture to wholesalers and market and fisheries in Fiji vendors in Lautoka, Nadi, Veikila C. Vuki and Aliti Vunisea p. 15 Sigatoka and Suva. Most harvesters located on Vanua The participation of women in Levu, Fiji’s second largest fishing activities in Fiji island, retail their own stock Aliti Vunisea p. -
Researchspace@Auckland
http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz ResearchSpace@Auckland Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: • Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. • Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of this thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. • You will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from their thesis. To request permissions please use the Feedback form on our webpage. http://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/feedback General copyright and disclaimer In addition to the above conditions, authors give their consent for the digital copy of their work to be used subject to the conditions specified on the Library Thesis Consent Form and Deposit Licence. CONNECTING IDENTITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH INDIGENOUS EPISTEMOLOGY: THE SOLOMONI OF FIJI ESETA MATEIVITI-TULAVU A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................................................................. vi Dedication ............................................................................................................................ -
Indigenous Itaukei Worldview Prepared by Dr
Indigenous iTaukei Worldview Prepared by Dr. Tarisi Vunidilo Illustration by Cecelia Faumuina Author Dr Tarisi Vunidilo Tarisi is an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, where she teaches courses on Indigenous museology and heritage management. Her current area of research is museology, repatriation and Indigenous knowledge and language revitalization. Tarisi Vunidilo is originally from Fiji. Her father, Navitalai Sorovi and mother, Mereseini Sorovi are both from the island of Kadavu, Southern Fiji. Tarisi was born and educated in Suva. Front image caption & credit Name: Drua Description: This is a model of a Fijian drua, a double hulled sailing canoe. The Fijian drua was the largest and finest ocean-going vessel which could range up to 100 feet in length. They were made by highly skilled hereditary canoe builders and other specialist’s makers for the woven sail, coconut fibre sennit rope and paddles. Credit: Commissioned and made by Alex Kennedy 2002, collection of Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, FE011790. Link: https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/648912 Page | 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4 SECTION 2: PREHISTORY OF FIJI .............................................................................................................. 5 SECTION 3: ITAUKEI SOCIAL STRUCTURE ............................................................................................... -
Great Sea Reef
A Living Icon Insured Sustain-web of life creating it-livelihoods woven in it Fiji’s Great Sea Reef Foreword Fiji’s Great Sea Reef (GSR), locally known as ‘Cakaulevu’ or ‘Bai Kei Viti’, remain one of the most productive and biologically diverse reef systems in the Southern Hemisphere. But despite its uniqueness and diversity it remains the most used with its social, cultural, economic and environmental value largely ignored. A Living Icon Insured Stretching for over 200km from the north eastern tip of Udu point in Vanua Levu to Bua at the north- Sustain-web of life creating it-livelihoods woven in it west edge of Vanua Levu, across the Vatu-i-ra passage, veering off along the way, to hug the coastline of Ra and Ba provinces and fusing into the Yasawa Islands, the Great Sea Reef snakes its way across the Fiji’s Great Sea Reef western sections of Fiji’s ocean. Also referred to as Fiji’s Seafood Basket, the reef feeds up to 80 percent of Fiji’s population.There are estimates that the reef system contributes between FJD 12-16 million annually to Fiji’s economy through the inshore fisheries sector, a conservative value. The stories in this book encapsulates the rich tapestry of interdependence between individuals and communities with the GSR, against the rising tide of challenges brought on by climate change through ocean warming and acidification, coral bleaching, sea level rise, and man-made challenges of pollution, overfishing and loss of habitat in the face of economic development. But all is not lost as communities and individuals are strengthened through sheer determination to apply their traditional knowledge, further strengthened by science and research to safeguard and protect the natural resource that is home and livelihood. -
Heritage Trees of Fiji
Heritage Trees of Fiji Workshop Report 25th March 2003, Lami, Fiji A Collaborative Project Supported by: Ministry of Fijian Affairs Department of the Environment Ministry of Fisheries and Forests Wildlife Conservation Society Report Prepared by: Wildlife Conservation Society – South Pacific 11 Ma’afu Street, Suva, Fiji Tel: (679) 331-5174, E-mail: [email protected] 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary …………………………………………………………… 3 Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………. 5 List of Participants …………………………………………………………….. 6 Heritage Trees: An Introduction ……………………………………………. 7 The Heritage Tree Concept for Fiji …………………………………………. 9 Heritage Tree Mapping ……………………………………………………….. 11 Can a Heritage Tree Program Benefit Fiji? ………………………………. 13 Comments and Next Steps…………………………………………………... 14 Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………. 14 Appendix 1. Preliminary Heritage Tree Sites and Areas of Fiji Appendix 2. Examples of Heritage Tree Programs around the World Photo Credits: (In order of appearance) cover, Sovi Basin, D. Jackson; Yadua Taba Island, D. Olson; Medrausucu Range, V. Masibalavu; Waivudawa, D. Olson; Medrausucu Range, V. Masibalavu; masked shining parrot & collared lory, R. Morris; Fiji stamp, Post Fiji and G. Bennett 2 Executive Summary Heritage trees are trees of great size, old age, or have cultural or historical significance that have been formally recognized and protected by countries and cultures. We explored the value of a heritage tree program for Fiji, asking whether the concept was appropriate and useful for conserving Fiji’s biological wealth or if a program could be helpful in implementing the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Large trees were recognized for their important biological values, including providing food and habitat for wildlife, such as shining parrots, and in the regeneration and maintenance of natural forests. Fijians can also benefit economically from the protection of very large trees through ecotourism activities and the conservation of important genetic resources from these ancient survivors. -
Filling the Gaps: Identifying Candidate Sites to Expand Fiji's National Protected Area Network
Filling the gaps: identifying candidate sites to expand Fiji's national protected area network Outcomes report from provincial planning meeting, 20-21 September 2010 Stacy Jupiter1, Kasaqa Tora2, Morena Mills3, Rebecca Weeks1,3, Vanessa Adams3, Ingrid Qauqau1, Alumeci Nakeke4, Thomas Tui4, Yashika Nand1, Naushad Yakub1 1 Wildlife Conservation Society Fiji Country Program 2 National Trust of Fiji 3 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University 4 SeaWeb Asia-Pacific Program This work was supported by an Early Action Grant to the national Protected Area Committee from UNDP‐GEF and a grant to the Wildlife Conservation Society from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (#10‐94985‐000‐GSS) © 2011 Wildlife Conservation Society This document to be cited as: Jupiter S, Tora K, Mills M, Weeks R, Adams V, Qauqau I, Nakeke A, Tui T, Nand Y, Yakub N (2011) Filling the gaps: identifying candidate sites to expand Fiji's national protected area network. Outcomes report from provincial planning meeting, 20‐21 September 2010. Wildlife Conservation Society, Suva, Fiji, 65 pp. Executive Summary The Fiji national Protected Area Committee (PAC) was established in 2008 under section 8(2) of Fiji's Environment Management Act 2005 in order to advance Fiji's commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)'s Programme of Work on Protected Areas (PoWPA). To date, the PAC has: established national targets for conservation and management; collated existing and new data on species and habitats; identified current protected area boundaries; and determined how much of Fiji's biodiversity is currently protected through terrestrial and marine gap analyses. -
Gillnet Fishing in Macuata, Fiji
GILLNET FISHING IN BACKGROUND OF MACUATA The land and coastal bounda- MACUATA, FIJI ries of the Macuata Province lie between latitude 16°5’S to 16°35’S and longitude 178°50’W INTRODUCTION to 179°45’W, on the second larg- est island of Fiji, called Vanua The purpose of this trip to Fiji Levu. The island of Vanua Levu was to review the effectiveness is composed of three large prov- of the banning of commercial inces: Macuata, Bua and gillnet fishing in Macuata Prov- Cakaudrove. Macuata is made ince on Vanua Levu. We were up of the northern portion of also asked to make recommen- 9th ofby February Esaroma for Ledua, the start of Vanua Levu and five other Integrated Fisheries dations on whether the ban the survey work. Three Fiji Fish- small islands to the north. Management Associate, should be maintained, and to eriesSouth Research Pacific Officers Commission were as- Labasa Town is the capital of advise on any other manage- signedNoumea, as full-time New Caledonia counterparts Macuata Province. ment measures relating to com- to this project. They were mercial and subsistence fishery Apisai Sesewa (team leader), Since Macuata is a dry area (av- in Macuata Province. Saiyasi Yabakivou and Jovesa erage rainfall of 4,050 mm/ Korovulavula. year), it has a climate favourable The gillnet fishing ban was im- for growing sugar cane, and posed by the Macuata chiefs in Considerable support was re- Macuata is one of the leading 1990. Unfortunately, there was ceived from the Fisheries Divi- sugar producers in Fiji. The no survey conducted at this sion, especially the provision of province of Macuata is also time, so no estimates of stock support staff, fishing gear and known for its timber and fish- abundance were available for vessels. -
Sugar and Democracy in Fiji: the Material Foundations of Post-Colonial Authoritarianism 1970-2005
Sugar and Democracy in Fiji: The material foundations of post-colonial authoritarianism 1970-2005 By Keiran Barbalich A Thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in Political Science School of History, Philosophy, Political Science & International Relations Victoria University of Wellington 2009 Abstract Fiji became independent in 1970, and functioned for 17 years under a constitution with democratic elements, including elections. Three times since 1987, however, armed force has overthrown constitutionally elected governments. Some observers see this as a failure of the consolidation of Fijian democracy, while others acknowledge the façade of Fijian democracy. Among those who acknowledge Fiji’s authoritarian institutions, conflict persists as to whether authoritarianism is the inevitable product of ethnic conflict in Fijian society, or a consequence of post-colonial institutional legacies. No movement toward democracy in Fiji is likely to succeed until we understand the material foundations underlying Fiji’s authoritarian politics. This thesis argues that Fiji’s authoritarian political institutions, established under colonial rule, have been sustained since independence by forces in the international economy. These forces have helped to maintain the economic, social and political dominance of a Pacific- Fijian chiefly elite over Fijian society. Specially, chiefly control of the sugar industry, Fiji’s principal export, has provided chiefs with sufficient patronage resources to retain their control over Fijian society through electoral politics or, at the event of undesirable electoral outcomes, through armed opposition. Through post-colonial structures, the chiefs control the land-tenure system, and through their setting and receipt of land rents, they have been the principal beneficiaries of Fiji’s sugar exports.