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(Linnaeus,1758) (Perciformes: Stromateidae), Do Litoral Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro, Brasil

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(Linnaeus,1758) (Perciformes: Stromateidae), Do Litoral Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro, Brasil ASPECTOS QUANTITATIVOS DA COMUNIDADE DE METAZOÁRIOS PARASITOS DO GORDINHO Peprilus paru (LINNAEUS,1758) (PERCIFORMES: STROMATEIDAE), DO LITORAL DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL RODNEY K. DE AZEVEDO¹; VANESSA D. ABDALLAH¹; JOSÉ L. LUQUE2 ABSTRACT:- AZEVEDO, R.K. DE; ABDALLAH, V.D.; LUQUE, J.L. [Quantitative aspects of metazoan parasites communities of American harvestfish, Peprilus paru (Linnaeus,1758) (Perciformes: Stromateidae), from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. Aspectos quantitativos da comunidade de metazoários parasitos do gordinho Peprilus paru (Linnaeus,1758) (Perciformes: Stromateidae), do litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, v. 16, n. 1, p. 10-14, 2007. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, UFRRJ, Caixa Postal 74.508, Seropédica, RJ 23890-971, Brasil. E- mail: [email protected] Eighty and one specimens of Peprilus paru (Linnaeus,1758) (Perciformes: Stromateidae), collected from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (21-23°S, 41-45°W) were necropsied between January 2003 to September 2003 to study their infracommunities of metazoan parasites. All fish were parasitized by two or more metazoan. Were collected eight species of metazoans parasites: four digeneans (Aponurus laguncula, Opechona sp. Lecithocladium sp. e Acanthocolphoides sp.), two nematodes (Hystherothylacium sp. e Raphidascaris sp.), one monogenean (Microcotyle sp.) and one copepod (Caligus sp.). No parasite species showed significant correlation between the body total length of the host and their abundance. The evaluation of the effect of host on parasite abundance and prevalence not showed significant results. The parasite species presented an aggregated distribution pattern. The metazoan parasite community of P. paru is characterized by the high species diversity and high values os prevalence. One pair adult endoparasites presented association. KEY WORDS: Peprilus paru, Stromateidae, parasite ecology, community structure, Brazil. RESUMO tico (Microcotyle sp.) e um copépode (Caligus sp.). Nenhu- Entre o período de janeiro à setembro de 2003 foram coletados ma espécie de parasito apresentou correlação significativa 81 espécimes de Peprilus paru (Linnaeus,1758) (Perciformes: entre o comprimento total do corpo do hospedeiro e sua abun- Stromateidae) provenientes do litoral do Estado do Rio de dância. A avaliação do efeito do sexo do hospedeiro na abun- Janeiro (aprox. 21-23ºS, 41-45ºO), sendo necropsiados para dância e prevalência parasitárias não apresentou resultados estudo de suas infrapopulações parasitárias. Todos os peixes significativos. O padrão de distribuição dos metazoários pa- estavam parasitados por pelo menos duas espécies de rasitos foi agregado. Foi verificada a presença de metazoários. Oito espécies de parasitos foram encontradas, infracomunidades com grande riqueza de espécies de parasi- sendo quatro digenéticos (Aponurus laguncula, Opechona sp., tos e altos valores de prevalência. Somente um par de Lecithocladium sp. e Acanthocolphoides sp.), dois nematóides endoparasitos adultos apresentou associação. (Hystherothylacium sp. e Raphidascaris sp.), um monogené- PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Peprilus paru, Stromateidae, ecologia parasitária, estrutura da comunidade, Brasil. 1 Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Fe- INTRODUÇÃO deral Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Bolsistas CNPq e CAPES. 2 Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, UFRRJ, A fauna íctica constitui-se em recurso alimentar impor- Caixa Postal 74.508, CEP 23890-971, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil; Bolsista CNPq. tante, sendo fonte protéica acessível por meio da explora- E-mail: [email protected] ção direta das populações naturais. Embora essas popula- Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet., 16, 1, 10-14 (2007) (Brazil. J. Vet. Parasitol.) Aspectos quantitativos de metazoários parasitos do gordinho Peprilus paru do litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil 11 ções de peixes pareçam inesgotáveis, a ação antrópica muito calculado o teste exato de Fischer (F) com uso de tabela de tem contribuído para a sua redução, tornando-se inevitável contingência 2 x 2 para determinar a influência do sexo do que populações mundiais fiquem cada vez mais dependen- hospedeiro em relação à prevalência de cada espécie de tes de peixes criados artificialmente. O estudo dos agentes parasito (ZAR, 1999). Estes testes foram aplicados somente causadores de patologias nos peixes é um campo de cres- para aqueles parasitos que apresentaram prevalência aci- cente importância em virtude da expansão mundial da pis- ma de 10% (BUSH et al., 1990). O Índice de dominância cicultura, pois estes, podem provocar elevadas taxas de de Berger-Parker foi calculado. A diversidade parasitária mortalidade, redução de capturas ou diminuição do valor foi calculada pelo Índice de Brillouin (H), pois cada hos- comercial dos exemplares atacados (EIRAS, 1994). pedeiro analisado corresponde a uma comunidade O gordinho Peprilus paru (Linnaeus,1758) é encontra- mensurável em sua totalidade (ZAR, 1999), utilizando para do em águas da plataforma continental onde formam car- isso o logaritmo na base 10, sendo determinada sua possí- dumes. Esta espécie é caracterizada como planctófaga e vel variação em relação ao sexo (aproximação normal Z do carnívora, alimenta-se principalmente de organismos gela- teste U de Mann-Whitney) e ao comprimento total do hos- tinosos, pequenos crustáceos, poliquetas e ascídeas pedeiro (coeficiente de correlação por postos de Spearman (CERQUEIRA; HAIMOVICI, 1990). Atinge cerca de 30cm rs). Possíveis associações interespecíficas entre pares de e são encontrados entre 15 e 136m de profundidade, ocor- espécies co-ocorrentes foram avaliadas com o Qui-Qua- re no Atlântico Ocidental, dos Estados Unidos até a Argen- drado, usando a correção de Yates quando necessário, para tina, sendo muito comum em todo o litoral brasileiro espe- isto formou-se pares considerando-se a biologia e o local cialmente no Rio de Janeiro (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, de infecção das infracomunidades (LUDWIG; 2000). REYNOLDS, 1988). O nível de significância estatístico O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, analisar os utilizado foi P≤0,05. metazoários parasitos de P. paru provenientes do litoral do Os espécimes representativos das espécies de parasitos Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em nível de comunidade compo- determinados foram depositados na Coleção Helmintológica nente e infracomunidades. da Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (CHIOC). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Foram examinados 81 espécimes de P. paru no período RESULTADOS de janeiro à setembro de 2003. Os peixes foram proveni- Componentes da comunidade. Foram encontradas oito entes do litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (aprox. 21- espécies de metazoários parasitos em P. paru (Tabela 1). 23ºS, 41-45ºW) e identificados segundo Figueiredo e O digenético Lecithocladium sp. foi a espécie predominan- Menezes (2000). No laboratório, os peixes foram pesados, te, com 1.237 espécimes coletados (41,58% do total de pa- medidos e posteriormente sexados. rasitos), apresentando o maior valor de frequência de Para identificação e diagnóstico dos trematódeos dominância (Tabela 2). Os parasitos de P. paru apresenta- digenéticos foi utilizado Yamaguti (1971), para o ram o típico padrão de distribuição agregado (Tabela 3). O monogenético foi utilizado Yamaguti (1963), para os comprimento total do corpo do hospedeiro não influenciou nematóides foram utilizados Vicente et al. (1985) e Vicente a abundância parasitária. A média do comprimento total e Pinto (1999) e para a identificação do copépode foi utili- dos machos (n=32) em P.paru foi 23,7±3,8 cm e das fême- zado Boxshall e Montú (1997). as (n=49) foi 25,6±3,0 cm. O sexo dos hospedeiros não Os descritores ecológicos do parasitismo foram calcu- influenciou a abundância e/ou prevalência de nenhuma es- lados de acordo com Bush et al. (1997). A relação entre pécie de parasito. variância e abundância parasitária média (índice de dis- Infracomunidades. Um total de 2.975 espécimes de persão) foi calculada para cada espécie de parasito, com o parasitos foram coletados, com média de 36,7 parasitos/ intuito de determinar seu tipo de distribuição e o teste es- peixe. Todos os hospedeiros estavam parasitados por pelo tatístico d foi aplicado para avaliar a sua significância menos duas espécies de metazoários parasitos (Figura 1). (LUDWIG; REYNOLDS, 1988). Adicionalmente e com o O número total de parasitos não apresentou correlação sig- mesmo objetivo foi calculado o índice de discrepância, nificativa com o comprimento total de P. paru (rs=-0,202, segundo Poulin (1993). A frequência de dominância e a P=0,070) e não apresentou resultados significativos em dominância relativa média foram calculadas para cada es- relação ao sexo dos hospedeiros (Zc=-0,174, P=0,862). A pécie de parasito (ROHDE et al., 1995). riqueza parasitária não apresentou correlação significativa O coeficiente de correlação por postos de Spearman (rs) com o comprimento total dos hospedeiros (rs=0,066, foi usado para estudar as possíveis correlações entre o com- P=0,553) e não apresentou resultado significativo em re- primento do hospedeiro e a abundância parasitária. A apro- lação ao sexo dos hospedeiros (Zc=-0,998, P=0,329). As ximação normal Zc do teste U de Mann-Whitney foi usado infracomunidades parasitárias apresentaram diversidade para determinar o possível efeito do sexo dos hospedeiros média de H=0,287±0,116 e a diversidade máxima foi 0,483.
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