New Records of Orchids from Morocco
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The Structure of the Perennial Growth of Disa Un/Flora Berg
THE STRUCTURE OF THE PERENNIAL GROWTH OF DISA UN/FLORA BERG. ( ORCHIDACEAE) HONOURS SYSTEMATICS PROJECT JANET THOMAS OCTOBER 1990 SUPERVISOR: DR . .H.P. LINDER University of Cape Town The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town BOLUS LIBRARY 1 ABSTRACT The perennation of orchids is poorly understood, in particular that of the Orchidoidae. The understanding of perennation in the Orchidoidae is important because the root-stem tuberoid .is used as the one character defining the Orchidoidae as a monophyletic group. The root-stem tuberoid has never been examined for variation before. This project focuses on perennial growth in the Diseae in order to study the structbre and function of the root stem tuberoid in relation tp other organs and to contribute to the understanding of Orchidoid phylogeny. , INTRODUCTION Host te1perate monocotyledons have evolved underground resting or perennating organs for the climatically unfavourable season (Holttum 1955). A period of underground existence may allow a plant to escape unfavourable conditions, to counter environmental uncertainty, and to build reserves for flowering episodes (Calvo 1990). This is especially evident in the temperate members of the Orchidaceae and is made possible through sympodial growth· (Withnerj1974). Not .all temperate orchids have a resting period although they do have sympodial growth and do perennate. -
Pollinator Attraction in a Sexually Deceptive Orchid by Means of Unconventional Chemicals Manfred Ayasse1*, Florian P
Received 19 August 2002 FirstCite Accepted 12 November 2002 e-publishing Published online Pollinator attraction in a sexually deceptive orchid by means of unconventional chemicals Manfred Ayasse1*, Florian P. Schiestl1†, Hannes F. Paulus1, Fernando Ibarra2 and Wittko Francke2 1Institute of Zoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria 2Department of Organic Chemistry, Universita¨t Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany Ophrys flowers mimic virgin females of their pollinators, and thereby attract males for pollination. Stimu- lated by scent, the males attempt to copulate with flower labella and thereby ensure pollination. Here, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that pollinator attraction in sexually deceptive orchids may be based on a few specific chemical compounds. Ophrys speculum flowers produce many volatiles, including trace amounts of (ω-1)-hydroxy and (ω-1)-oxo acids, especially 9-hydroxydecanoic acid. These com- pounds, which are novel in plants, prove to be the major components of the female sex pheromone in the scoliid wasp Campsoscolia ciliata, and stimulate male copulatory behaviour in this pollinator species. The specificity of the signal depends primarily on the structure and enantiomeric composition of the oxygenated acids, which is the same in wasps and in the orchids. The overall composition of the blend differs significantly between the orchid and its pollinator and is of secondary importance. 9-Hydroxyde- canoic acid is a rarely occurring compound that until now has been identified only in honeybees. Contrary to the standard hypothesis that Ophrys flowers produce only ‘second-class attractivity compounds’ and are neglected once the pollinator females are present, we show that flowers are more attractive to the males than are their own females. -
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Azerbaijan – Naiba Mehtiyeva and Sevil Zeynalova
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY – Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Azerbaijan – Naiba Mehtiyeva and Sevil Zeynalova MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF AZERBAIJAN Naiba Mehtiyeva and Sevil Zeynalova Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Badamdar sh. 40, AZ1073, Baku, Azerbaijan Keywords: Azerbaijan, medicinal plants, aromatic plants, treatments, history, biological active substances. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Historical perspective of the traditional medicine 3. Medicinal and aromatic plants of Azerbaijan 4. Preparation and applying of decoctions and infusions from medicinal plants 5. Conclusion Acknowledgement Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary Data on the biological active substances and therapeutical properties of more than 131 medicinal and aromatic (spicy-aromatic) plants widely distributed and frequently used in Azerbaijan are given in this chapter. The majority of the described species contain flavonoids (115 sp.), vitamin C (84 sp.), fatty oils (78 sp.), tannins (77 sp.), alkaloids (74 sp.) and essential oils (73 sp.). A prevalence of these biological active substances defines the broad spectrum of therapeutic actions of the described plants. So, significant number of species possess antibacterial (69 sp.), diuretic (60 sp.), wound healing (51 sp.), styptic (46 sp.) and expectorant (45 sp.) peculiarities. The majority of the species are used in curing of gastrointestinal (89 sp.), bronchopulmonary (61 sp.), dermatovenerologic (61 sp.), nephritic (55 sp.) and infectious (52 sp.) diseases, also for treatment of festering -
166. Ophrys Scolopax × Ophrys Speculum (Orchidaceae), First Record for the Iberian Flora
226 Acta Botanica Malacitana 37. 2012 166. OPHRYS SCOLOPAX × OPHRYS SPECULUM (ORCHIDACEAE), FIRST RECORD FOR THE IBERIAN FLORA. Juan PÉREZ-CONTRERAS1* & Mick RICHARDSON2 Recibido el 12 de abril de 2012, aceptado para su publicación el 13 de abril de 2012 Primera cita de Ophrys scolopax × Ophrys speculum (Orchidaceae) para la Flora Ibérica. Palabras clave. Orchidaceae, Ophrys, híbrido, Málaga, Península Ibérica, España. Key words. Orchidaceae, Ophrys, hybrid, Malaga, Iberian Peninsula, Spain. Natural hybridization is frequent within floral characters (mainly in petals, lateral Orchidaceae family, especially between labellum lobes and speculum) suggesting the members of the Ophrys L. genus (Delforge, interspecific hybridOphrys scolopax × Ophrys 2006). speculum was found in the wild in Malaga On the 19th of March 2011, a single province by the authors. The plant was growing specimen of a plant showing intermediate in the middle of a colony of its parent species, Ophrys scolopax Cav. & Ophrys speculum subsp. Link speculum, in a pine woodland area in the northwest face of Sierra de Mijas (Alhaurín el Grande). Photographs were taken (fig. 1) and the images sent to experts confirmed the correct identification (Delforge & Lowe, com. pers.). According to the literature, there is no mention of this taxon neither in the Flora Ibérica (Aedo & Herrero, 2005) nor in the Vascular Flora of Eastern Andalusia (Blanca et al., 2011). These new data represent the first record of this hybrid in the Iberian Peninsula. Ophrys scolopax × Ophrys speculum MÁLAGA: UTM 30S UF45, 340 m. Sierra de Mijas, Alhaurín el Grande, 19-III-2011. J. Pérez-Contreras & M. Richardson. REFERENCES AEDO, C. & A. HERRERO (eds.) -2005- Flora Figure 1. -
Five Established Orchids Ophrys Apifera Var
FIVE ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS OPHRYS APIFERA VAR. CHLORANTHA, AURITA, PURPUREA, PURPUREA. F. ALBA. AND FLAVESCENS (ORCHIDACEAE) IN LEBANON AS PART OF THE NATIVE FLORA. ADDAM K.*1, TAKKOUSH J.1, BOU-HAMDAN M.2 AND ITANI J.3 1Faculty of Business Administration, Research department, Arts, Sciences and Technology University in Lebanon, AUL 2Clinker Production Unit at Ciment De Sibline (LCF: Lebanese Cement Factory). 3Faculty of Sciences and Fine Arts, Arts, Sciences and Technology University in Lebanon, AUL *Corresponding Author: Email- [email protected] Received: November 11, 2015; Revised: November 16, 2015; Accepted: November 17, 2015 Citation: Addam K., et al., (2015) Five Established Orchids Ophrys apifera var. Chlorantha, Aurita, Purpurea, Purpurea. F. Alba. and Flavescens (Orchidaceae) in Lebanon as Part of the Native Flora. Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, ISSN: 0976-9900 & E-ISSN: 0976-9919, Volume 6, Issue 2, pp.-163-169. Copyright: Copyright©2015 Addam K., et al., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction species became a total of 130. [6] Six years later (2001), he raised the number to Among all the angiosperm plants, the family of the Orchidaceae is considered to 215 species. This was the last classification set and accepted by him [4]. be the largest. It includes more than 22,000 accepted species in 880 genera. The great conflict and main problem of Orchids classification is still a worldwide Two principal large groups divide the Orchids: debate among the scientists and botanists who have dissimilar points of view in this field and without finding a solution for it till now [7]. -
“Dynamic Speciation Processes in the Mediterranean Orchid Genus Ophrys L
“DYNAMIC SPECIATION PROCESSES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN ORCHID GENUS OPHRYS L. (ORCHIDACEAE)” Tesi di Dottorato in Biologia Avanzata, XXIV ciclo (Indirizzo Sistematica Molecolare) Universitá degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Facoltá di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale 1st supervisor: Prof. Salvatore Cozzolino 2nd supervisor: Prof. Serena Aceto PhD student: Dott. Hendrik Breitkopf 1 Cover picture: Pseudo-copulation of a Colletes cunicularius male on a flower of Ophrys exaltata ssp. archipelagi (Marina di Lesina, Italy. H. Breitkopf, 2011). 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: MULTI-LOCUS NUCLEAR GENE PHYLOGENY OF THE SEXUALLY DECEPTIVE ORCHID GENUS OPHRYS L. (ORCHIDACEAE) CHAPTER 2: ANALYSIS OF VARIATION AND SPECIATION IN THE OPHRYS SPHEGODES SPECIES COMPLEX CHAPTER 3: FLORAL ISOLATION IS THE MAIN REPRODUCTIVE BARRIER AMONG CLOSELY RELATED SEXUALLY DECEPTIVE ORCHIDS CHAPTER 4: SPECIATION BY DISTURBANCE: A POPULATION STUDY OF CENTRAL ITALIAN OPHRYS SPHEGODES LINEAGES CONTRIBUTION OF CO-AUTHORS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ORCHIDS With more than 22.000 accepted species in 880 genera (Pridgeon et al. 1999), the family of the Orchidaceae is the largest family of angiosperm plants. Recently discovered fossils document their existence for at least 15 Ma. The last common ancestor of all orchids has been estimated to exist about 80 Ma ago (Ramirez et al. 2007, Gustafsson et al. 2010). Orchids are cosmopolitan, distributed on all continents and a great variety of habitats, ranging from deserts and swamps to arctic regions. Two large groups can be distinguished: Epiphytic and epilithic orchids attach themselves with aerial roots to trees or stones, mostly halfway between the ground and the upper canopy where they absorb water through the velamen of their roots. -
The Real Ponerorchis Nana (King & Pantling) Soó Resurrected
Pleione 10(2): 279 - 282. 2016. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy The real Ponerorchis nana (King & Pantling) Soó resurrected Magnus Lidén1 and Alister Adhikari2 1Uppsala university, EBC: Systematic Biology. Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]. 2 Dr. Graham’s Homes, Kalimpong 734301, West Bengal. E-mail: [email protected]. [Received 01.11.2016; Revised & accepted 04.11.2016; Published 31.12.2016] Abstract We report a find of the rare orchid Ponerorchis nana (King & Pantling) Soó (Orchidaceae) from Lachung, Sikkim, and compare it with the very different species P. chusua with which it has previously been associated. Ponerorchis nana is currently known from East Sikkim Eastwards to Central Arunachal Pradesh, and grows on moss-covered cliffs and tree trunks. It seems closely related to Amitostigma pathakianum. Key words: Ponerorchis nana, Identity, Reestablished species Ponerorchis nana (King & Pantling) Soó (Orchidaceae) is a much misunderstood taxon. In Flora of Bhutan (Pearce & Cribb 2002) and on most websites (see references: web-resources) P. nana is said to be either very similar to or synonymous with P. chusua, and the epithet has been used for both narrow-leaved and broad-leaved small individuals of P. Chusua (e.g. Adhikari 2008). The root of the confusion started long lack when King & Pantling (1898) originally described P. nana as a variety of P. chusua and even hinted at intermediates. However, Ponerorchis nana (Figures 1, 2) is very different from P. chusua (Figure 3), in morphology as well as in ecology, and no intermediates are known. Pantling’s original drawing (King & Pantling 1898) shows most of its distinctive features: small and delicate growth; a single linear arcuate channeled leaf with shortly clasping base; 1- to 2-flowered (very rarely 3-flowered) inflorescence; flowers less than half the size of those of P. -
PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (In English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)
Original language: English PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (in English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) Quick scan of Orchidaceae species in European commerce as components of cosmetic, food and medicinal products Prepared by Josef A. Brinckmann Sebastopol, California, 95472 USA Commissioned by Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO CITES Management Authorithy of Switzerland and Lichtenstein 2014 PC22 Doc 22.1 – p. 1 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 7 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Information about the Databases Used ...................................................................................................... 11 1. Anoectochilus formosanus .................................................................................................................. 13 1.1. Countries of origin ................................................................................................................. 13 1.2. Commercially traded forms ................................................................................................... 13 1.2.1. Anoectochilus Formosanus Cell Culture Extract (CosIng) ............................................ 13 1.2.2. Anoectochilus Formosanus Extract (CosIng) ................................................................ 13 1.3. Selected finished -
Reproductive Success of Anacamptis Morio (Orchidaceae) in the Donau-Auen National Park, Austria
Reproductive success of Anacamptis morio (Orchidaceae) in the Donau-Auen National Park, Austria Master´s thesis for acquiring the academic grade “Diplom-Ingenieurin” (Dipl.-Ing.in) equivalent to Master of Science (MSc) submitted by Christina Felicitas Teibert supervisors Priv.-Doz. Dr. Matthias Kropf Ao.Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.nat.techn. Monika Kriechbaum Vienna, April 2018 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research Affidavit I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this work. No assistance other than that which is permitted has been used. Ideas and quotes taken directly or indirectly from other sources are identified as such. This written work has not yet been submitted in any part. ______________________ Acknowledgements First, I want to give my most profound thanks to my supervisors Matthias Kropf and Monika Kriechbaum, who enthused me with science, botany and in special the topic of orchids. They always had time when I came with questions, and, or enthusiastic ideas for new hypothesis about my research issues. All our talks and discussions where very delightful and gave me the opportunity to satisfy my thirst for knowledge and to learn a lot! Further on, I want to give my thanks to Karoline Zsak, my advisor and contact person from the Donau-Auen National Park, for her organizational support and quick response in times of need! In addition to that, I want to thank the Donau-Auen National Park for the financial support and the permission of making my scientific research possible! Furthermore, I want to give my thanks to Baerbel Pachinger for her help in the identification of bumblebees and wild bees and Bernhard Splechtna for one or two hints about technical issues on my laptop! Finally, I want to give my thanks for the chance to occupy a working table at the “Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research” where I found a perfect working environment with charming colleagues of keen scientists. -
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys Apifera
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera By Wazeera Rashid Abdullah April 2018 A Thesis submitted to the University of Liverpool in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Table of Contents Page No. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. xiv Abbreviations ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Chapter one: Literature review: ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 Mycorrhiza: .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) or Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM): ........... 5 1.1.2 Ectomycorrhiza: ...................................................................................................... 5 1.1.3 Ectendomycorrhiza: ................................................................................................ 6 1.1.4 Ericoid mycorrhiza, Arbutoid mycorrhiza, and Monotropoid mycorrhiza: ............ 6 1.1.5 Orchid mycorrhiza: ................................................................................................. 7 1.1.5.1 Orchid mycorrhizal interaction: ...................................................................... -
Ophrys Insectifera L
Ophrys insectifera L. Fly Orchid A slender orchid of woodland edges, calcareous fens and other open habitats, Ophrys insectifera has distinctive flowers that lure pollinators by mimicry and the release of pheromones. Flowers have a velvety, purplish- brown labellum with an iridescent blue patch and a broad terminal lobe with two shining ‘pseudoeyes’, and very narrow petals resembling a pair of antennae. Its British strongholds are in the south and east of England. Elsewhere it is scattered across the Midlands, northern England and southern Ireland, rare in Wales, and absent from Scotland. Substantial declines throughout its range have led to an assessment of Vulnerable in Great Britain. ©Pete Stroh IDENTIFICATION 2011). The (2-5) unspotted elliptic-oblong leaves from which the flowering spike arises have a shiny, bluish-green Ophrys insectifera stems can reach 60 cm in height but are appearance. often difficult to spot amid the surrounding vegetation. Three yellow-green sepals contrast with the much smaller (less than half as long) vertical, slender purplish-brown labellum which SIMILAR SPECIES has a velvety texture (Stace 2010) due to short, fine, downy The distinctive lateral lobes, filiform petals, and slender hairs. appearance of the labellum should readily separate it from The labellum has two narrow side lobes spreading outwards other Ophrys species. In rare instances, individuals of O. and a broad terminal lobe which is notched at the tip and has insectifera lack normal pigmentation (e.g. white sepals; two shining ‘pseudoeyes’ (Harrap & Harrap 2009). Flowers greenish-yellow patterning on the labellum). Natural also have a distinctive iridescent blue patch on the speculum, hybridization between O. -
Anacamptis Morio) at Upwood Meadows NNR, Huntingdonshire
British & Irish Botany 1(2): 107-116, 2019 Long-term monitoring of Green-winged Orchid (Anacamptis morio) at Upwood Meadows NNR, Huntingdonshire Peter A. Stroh* Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, Cambridge University Botanic Garden, 1 Brookside, Cambridge CB2 1JE, UK *Corresponding author: Peter Stroh: [email protected] This pdf constitutes the Version of Record published on 21st May 2019 Abstract The results of monitoring a population of Anacamptis morio over a 40-year period (1978-2017) in a permanent plot at Upwood Meadows NNR, Huntingdonshire, are presented. Flowering and vegetative plants were recorded each year, with individuals relocated using phenomarkers and triangulation. The majority of plants flowered for over half of their lifespan, the average lifespan of an individual plant was almost 10 years, and the known maximum lifespan above-ground for an individual was at least 36 years. The average age of the cohort became much younger over the course of the study, with potential reasons given including extreme old age, a lack of recruitment, and climate. Key words: demography; fixed plot; recruitment; mortality; triangulation Introduction In 1962 Terry Wells became the Nature Conservancy’s first grassland ecologist, based at Monks Wood, Huntingdonshire. In his first three years at the Research Station he set up a number of long-term monitoring projects, mainly across the chalk and limestone of southern England, designed to study the dynamics of British orchids and changes to associated vegetation. One of the first of these studies, set up in the early 1960s, followed the fate of a cohort of Autumn Lady’s Tresses (Spiranthes spiralis) at Knocking Hoe in Bedfordshire.