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Second Contribution to the Flora of Australia

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E. Domin: Second Contribution to the Flora of Australia. 57 ist var. farinosa Ser. besonders durch drusenarrne oder nackte Pedunkeln, var. mbvilha Christ durch beiderseits gllinzende Blattchen ausgezeichnet. Var. ambdi@a Cgp., deren Umgrenzung nicht ganz sicher ist, besitzt lanzettliche Blattchen und ovale Scheinfriichte. Falls var. cwpdatoides Crep. entgegen der Meinung des Autors (vgl. Bull. SOC.Bot. Belg., XI [1872], 127) mit H. Braun (vgl. G. Beck, F1. Nieder-Ostr. [l8921. 815) auch persistente Kelchzipfel zugeschrieben . werden, demnach also mit diesem Merkmale begabte Rosen, wie auch neuerdings von Sc hnet z (vgl. Ber. Bayr. Bot. Gesellsch., XI1 [1909], loo), in den Formenkreis der R. scabriuseu2a einbezogen werden, dann lassen sich derartige Formen von var. &uewei ausser durch die Art und Weise der Bestachelung noch durch sparlicher vorhandene Subfoliardrfisen, grossere Scheinfrucht usw. meist ieicht scheiden. Durch die Eigentiimlichkeit der Bewehrung von var. Qw@iwird auch ein Schlaglicht auf die systematische Stellung der R. scabrim& geworfen. H. Braun (vgl. 11. Ber. Bot. Ver. Landshut 118891, 119ff.) ist dafiir eingetreten, sie als selbstiindige Art aufzufassen, und A. Schwarz (vgl. F1. Nurnberg [1899], 562) ist ihm darin neuerdings gefolgt. Schwertschlager (vgl. Die Rosen des sudlichen und mittleren Franken- jura [1910] 44) dagegen sieht in ihr nur eine Unterart der R. tmmtosa, was irn Hinblick auf var. QzceZZd auch als das Naturgemasseste erscheint. Bemerkt sei nur, dam es nach den wertvollen Darlegungen von Major A. H. Wolley-Dod (vgl. Suppl. tho The ,,Journal of Botany" 1910, p. 93, 94) etwas zweifelhaft ist, ob der von H. Braun, Schwarz, Schwertschlager als R. scabriascda bezeichneten Rose wirklich diese Beneniiung verbleiben kann. Dem urn die Erforschung der Flora des Harzes, besonders in bryo- logischer Hinsicht hochverdienten Herrn Dr. F. Quelle zu Ehren, moge die neue, ausgezeichnete Rosenform benannt sein. Helbra, den 23. September 1911. V. Second Contribution to the Flora of Australia. By E. Domin (Prague). (Originsldiagnosnn.) 10. Vittaria @a B1. (= fdcata Fee) var. wooroonooran Domin. (V. wommora~Bailey, 3rd Suppl., Syn. Qu. FI., 92, Queensl. Flora, VI, p. 1953.) Differt a typo frmdibus Kngulatis brevibus latioribusque valde obtusis. Queensland: On the summit of Bellenden Ker (Domin 1910); Bellenden Ker (Sayer 1887, at an elevation of 5200 ft., F. M. Bailey 1889, ,,on rocks amongst moss at an elevation of from 4000 to 5000 ft."). This variety is distinguished by its Rhort, and very broad, obtuse fronds, and was properly described by F. M. Bailey, who regards it as 58 I(. Domin. a species distinct from V. fdcatu, while F. von Mueller and J. G. Baker {Note on a collection of Ferns from Queensland, Journ. of Bot., XVI [1887], p. 163) place it under the typical V. falcatn. This remarkable fern seems to me to be sufficiently distinguished from V. falcata, although I don't think that its characters given by Bailey entitle us to establish it as a species. Notwithstanding it is a marked geographical race; the specimens gathered by Sayer, Bailey and the author are perfectly identical, and sufficiently different from the type, which is found from the East Indies to New Guinea (I saw numerous specimens from Ceylon, Malacca and Java). V. fdcata Kunze does not occur (as far as at present known) in Queensland and therefore is to be taken out of the Australian Flora. The specimen, named by Mueller and Baker, and in Bailey's Flora 1953 is not the typical V. pzcsilla, but the variety wooroonooran. The group of nearly allied species is rather difficult to deal with, as the distinctive characteristics vary sometimes to a great degree. The East Indian V. sikkimensis differs from the above in its acuminate fronds of nearly membranaceous texture. V. debilis seems also to be readily tlistinguished by its central costa prominent as far as the top of the Irond. 1.'. sulcata, regarded as a distinct species, comes near to V. pusilla nnd could be perhaps placed as a variety of the latter. 11. Pothos Brownii Domin, nov. spec. P. longipedi affinis, sed differt statura robustiori, vaginis planis pro inore obcuneato-lanceolatis apice plus minusve obcordatis, laminis rigidiori- bus majoribusque ovatis usque ovato-lanceolatis, spadicibus robustiorib us crassioribusque se ss i li bu s ve1 s u b sess il i b u s , baccis majoribus. Queensland: Dense vine-scrubs near Harveys Creek and Bellenden Ker (Domin 1909-1910). This new species is closely allied with P. Zongipes Schott, but differs not only in appearance, but also in its much coarser spikes, which are quite or nearly sessile. I found P. Brownii represented in the Kew Her- bamm also from hlt. Dryander (coll. Fitzalan), Port Mackay (Nernst) and Rockingham Bay (coll. Dall achy). The nearly allied P. cyzindricus Presl is distinguished (according to the description) by its much smallei. fruits. Bentham and Bailey (and many others) put all Australian Pothos- fortiis under P. Loureiri Hook. and Am., but the latter is quite a distinct Chiiiese species, which has nothing to do with the Australian plant, corivctly named P. longipes Schott, which is an exceedingly variable plant, but always distinct from P. Brownii in its slender and pedunculate spiht-s. 12. Panicum queenslandioum Domin, nov. spec. P. proluto affine : densiuscule caespitosum, rigidum, foliis innovationum culnieisque infimis numerosis elongatis rigidis omnibus convolutis prominulo- striat is unacum vaginis glaberrimis laevibusque subglaucis apice subulatis cum Iaginis 2-21/2 dm longis, sed nonnullis longioribus mm (dum convo- lutisl vel raro fere 1 mm latis, ligulis scariosis conspicuis glabris CR. Second Contribution to the Flora of Australia. 59 31, - 1 mm longis truncatis plus minusve laceratis vel in lacinias cilii- formes apice solutis. Culmis gracilibus paucinodis erectis glabris usque supra medium foliatis sine panicula 28 cm altis; nodis glaberrimis. Foliis culmeis longe-vaginatis, vaginis culmum laxe amplectentibus paniculamque juvenilem obtegentibus, laminis convolutis longioribus, lamina folii supremi paniculam usque supra medium attingente. Panicula c. 16 cm longa latissima laxissima, basi ramos 4 verticillatos elongatos rigidiusculos pa- tentes usque plus 15 cm longos gerenti; paniculae ramis caeteris paucis alternis subsimplicibus distantibus paucispiculatis, rachide ramisque pri- mariis glaberrimis laevibusque. Ramis paniculae infimis verticillatis ra- mulis secundariis elongatis patentibus distantibus gracilibus tantum parte superiori spiculas paucas gerentibus instructis. Spiculis solitariis longe pedicellatis, pedicellis saepe plus 1 cm longis, sed saepius spiculis 2 approximatis, uno longe altero breviter pedicellato. Spiculis iis P. proluti similibus ca. 3’1, mm longis, glumis minus rigidis nervis parum promi- nen tibus percursis, gluma I. ovato-lanceolata acuta 3-nervi spicula tertia parte breviori. glumis 11. et 111. acutis vel subacuminatis usque 4 mm longis, glumella conspicue breviori subacuta nitenti sub fructu oblonga tantum ca. 21/2 mm longa et vix 1 mm lata, palea nulla. Queensland: Condamine River, coll. Hartmann. Benth am places the plant mentioned above under P. prolutum F. v. Muell., which is sufficiently distinct by its shorter and broader leaves (the flat lamina is as much as 4 mm broad), by its decompound panicle with numerous, slender, divided branches, the lower ones being clustered but not verticillate, by its numerous spikelets and by the very bcabrous rhachis and rigid prominently nerved glumes. The plant from Armidilla (coll. Barton), which I have not seen, may prove to be the same species. 13. Panicum Benthami Domin, nov. spec. Y.trachyrhachi Benth. affine, sed excellit statura minori, foliis planis nunc angustioribus tantum 2-2’/2 mm latis nunc usque 7 mm latis mollioribus unacum vaginis glaberrimis laevibusque, margine laminae yuoque laevi (nec ciliato-scaberulo), panicula decomposita sed breviori haud “plus 3 dm longa, rachide ramisque paniculae parum scabris usque fere laevibus, spiculis longius pedicellatis, gluma prima gluma secunda non multum attamen conspicue breviori acuta sed haud aristulata. Queensland: Peak Downs (F. von Mueller); Springsure (Wuth). This species is included by Bent ham under P. trachyrhuchis var. temiw, but is not identical with the latter variety, as the plant from Percy Islands, collected by A. C u n n in g ham, belongs to a quite distinct and not allied species. The North Australian P. truchyrhachk is different from our plant, although there is a great similarity in the structure of the spikelets. The first outer glume in P. lrachyrhachis tapers into a long point or a short, ciliated awn and is rather longer than the spikelets. the stems are exceedingly robust, the lealres scabrous, the panicle Yery 60 X. Domin: Second Contribution to the Flora of Australia. large (in some specimens from Port Darwin the panicle attains the length of more than 75 cm) with extreemely scabrous rhachis and branches. 14. Panicum notochtonum Domin. nov. spec. P. jawanzco Poir. simile affineque, sed differt praecipue spiculis glabris ca. 431, mm longis, gluma prima minuta amplectenti truncata sed carina in apicem brevem acutum producta vix 3i4 nim longa interdum vix visibili, gluma secunda 9 nervi, tertia 7 nervi, nervis parum prominentibus. New South Wales: Darling River. This is the P. helopus of Bentham’s Flora Australiensis (VII, 4T6), but not of Triner, which is on the authority of Hooker (Fl. Brit. Ind.) Identical with P. javanicum of Poiret. The P. helopus var. glabrior Benth. IS, however, distinct from P. notochtonum as well as from P. jawanicurta. In the vegetative organs there is a striking similarity between our species and some East Indian forms of the true P. javanicum, but the minute first glume and the greater number of nerves in the other glumes tender it impossible to regard the Australian plant as a variety of P. iavanicum (= helopus). The above mentioned specimens from Darling River are rather small ivith lanceolate leaves, which are sometimes cordate at the base and which have more or less undulate margin and are sprinkled with long hairs arising from tubercles. Fruiting glume is as in P. javanicurn trans- lwsely rugose and has a short awn-like point.
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  • Water Stress and Abscisic Acid Treatments Induce the CAM Pathway in the Epiphytic Fern Vittaria Lineata (L.) Smith

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    DOI: 10.1007/s11099-014-0047-4 PHOTOSYNTHETICA 52 (3): 404-412, 2014 Water stress and abscisic acid treatments induce the CAM pathway in the epiphytic fern Vittaria lineata (L.) Smith B.D. MINARDI+, A.P.L. VOYTENA, M. SANTOS, and Á.M. RANDI Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC– 88049-900, CP 476, Brazil. Abstract Among various epiphytic ferns found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we studied Vittaria lineata (L.) Smith (Polypodiopsida, Pteridaceae). Anatomical characterization of the leaf was carried out by light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. V. lineata possesses succulent leaves with two longitudinal furrows on the abaxial surface. We observed abundant stomata inside the furrows, glandular trichomes, paraphises, and sporangia. We examined malate concentrations in leaves, relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence in control, water-deficient, and abscisic acid (ABA)-treated plants. Plants subjected to drought stress (DS) and treated by exogenous ABA showed significant increase in the malate concentration, demonstrating nocturnal acidification. These findings suggest that V. lineata could change its mode of carbon fixation from C3 to the CAM pathway in response to drought. No significant changes in RWC were observed among treatments. Moreover, although plants subjected to stress treatments showed a significant decline in the contents of Chl a and b, the concentrations of carotenoids were stable. Photosynthetic parameters obtained from rapid light curves showed a significant decrease after DS and ABA treatments. Additional key words: chlorophyll fluorescence; malate; morphoanatomy; photosynthetic pathway; pigments. Introduction Ferns are extensively distributed worldwide.
  • Evolution Along the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Continuum

    Evolution Along the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Continuum

    Review CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/fpb Functional Plant Biology, 2010, 37, 995–1010 Evolution along the crassulacean acid metabolism continuum Katia SilveraA, Kurt M. Neubig B, W. Mark Whitten B, Norris H. Williams B, Klaus Winter C and John C. Cushman A,D ADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS200, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0200, USA. BFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA. CSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama. DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] This paper is part of an ongoing series: ‘The Evolution of Plant Functions’. Abstract. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialised mode of photosynthesis that improves atmospheric CO2 assimilation in water-limited terrestrial and epiphytic habitats and in CO2-limited aquatic environments. In contrast with C3 and C4 plants, CAM plants take up CO2 from the atmosphere partially or predominantly at night. CAM is taxonomically widespread among vascular plants andis present inmanysucculent species that occupy semiarid regions, as well as intropical epiphytes and in some aquatic macrophytes. This water-conserving photosynthetic pathway has evolved multiple times and is found in close to 6% of vascular plant species from at least 35 families. Although many aspects of CAM molecular biology, biochemistry and ecophysiology are well understood, relatively little is known about the evolutionary origins of CAM. This review focuses on five main topics: (1) the permutations and plasticity of CAM, (2) the requirements for CAM evolution, (3) the drivers of CAM evolution, (4) the prevalence and taxonomic distribution of CAM among vascular plants with emphasis on the Orchidaceae and (5) the molecular underpinnings of CAM evolution including circadian clock regulation of gene expression.