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A DIACHRONIC EXAMINATION OF THE ERECHTHEION AND ITS RECEPTION Alexandra L. Lesk, B.A., M.St. (Oxon.), M.A. Presented to McMicken College of Arts and Sciences and the Department of Classics of the University of Cincinnati in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2004 Committee: C. Brian Rose (Chair) Jack L. Davis Kathleen M. Lynch J. James Coulton Abstract iii ABSTRACT “A Diachronic Examination of the Erechtheion and Its Reception” examines the social life of the Ionic temple on the Athenian Akropolis, which was built in the late 5th century B.C. to house Athens’ most sacred cults and relics. Using a contextualized diachronic approach, this study examines both the changes to the Erechtheion between its construction and the middle of the 19th century A.D., as well as the impact the temple had on the architecture and art of these successive periods. This approach allows the evidence to shed light on new areas of interest such as the Post-Antique phases of the building, in addition to affording a better understanding of problems that have plagued the study of the Erechtheion during the past two centuries. This study begins with a re-examination of all the pertinent archaeological, epigraphical, and literary evidence, and proposes a wholly new reconstruction of how the Erechtheion worked physically and ritually in ancient times. After accounting for the immediate influence of the Erechtheion on subsequent buildings of the Ionic order, an argument for a Hellenistic rather than Augustan date for the major repairs to the temple is presented. -
Let's Go to the Acropolis Peripatos
Let’s Go to the Acropolis Peripatos A Child’s Pathfinder Ministry of Culture Acropolis Restoration Service First Ephorate of Prehistoric & Classical Antiquities Department of Information & Education ➢ ¡ 5 4 3 1 2 The Acropolis Peripatos down to the 2nd century A.C. 6 1. Klepsydra 8. Theatre of Dionysos 2. Sanctuary of Apollo 9. Two Temples of Dionysos 3. Sanctuary of Zeus 10. Choregic Monument of Thrasyllos 4. Sanctuary of Pan & the Nymphs 11. Choregic Monument of Nikias 5. Sanctuary of Aphrodite & Eros 12. Asklepieion 6. Aglaureion 13. Stoa of Eumenes 7. Odeion of Pericles 14. Odeion of Herodes Attikos 10 12 14 7 13 8 11 9 9 He opened his eyes and he made a wish that this time it would really be daylight. Three times during the night he had waked up thinking it was morning. He could hardly wait for this special day to come. This was the day that his tutor, his paidagogos, Phoinikas, had promised to take him to the Sanctuary of Asklepios, just below the Acropolis. There he could ask the god, who was the patron of medicine, to grant him his great wish: to become some day himself a physician, to help his fellow human beings, to lessen pain and to cure illness, even the most difficult and severe! He was sure the healer-god would make his dream come true… Phoinikas had told him that Asklepios was the oldest and best physician of all time, way ahead of all the others. It was even said that he could raise the dead; and there was a story that once upon a time Hades, the god of the Underworld, had complained to Zeus that Asklepios had raised so many of the dead that there were fewer people living in his underworld kingdom, which was in danger of becoming empty. -
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Ancient Greek Philosophy but didn’t Know Who to Ask Edited by Patricia F. O’Grady MEET THE PHILOSOPHERS OF ANCIENT GREECE Dedicated to the memory of Panagiotis, a humble man, who found pleasure when reading about the philosophers of Ancient Greece Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything you always wanted to know about Ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask Edited by PATRICIA F. O’GRADY Flinders University of South Australia © Patricia F. O’Grady 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Patricia F. O’Grady has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identi.ed as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey, GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask 1. Philosophy, Ancient 2. Philosophers – Greece 3. Greece – Intellectual life – To 146 B.C. I. O’Grady, Patricia F. 180 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask / Patricia F. -
Athens Guide
ATHENS GUIDE Made by Dorling Kindersley 27. May 2010 PERSONAL GUIDES POWERED BY traveldk.com 1 Top 10 Athens guide Top 10 Acropolis The temples on the “Sacred Rock” of Athens are considered the most important monuments in the Western world, for they have exerted more influence on our architecture than anything since. The great marble masterpieces were constructed during the late 5th-century BC reign of Perikles, the Golden Age of Athens. Most were temples built to honour Athena, the city’s patron goddess. Still breathtaking for their proportion and scale, both human and majestic, the temples were adorned with magnificent, dramatic sculptures of the gods. Herodes Atticus Theatre Top 10 Sights 9 A much later addition, built in 161 by its namesake. Acropolis Rock In summer it hosts the Athens Festival (see Festivals 1 As the highest part of the city, the rock is an ideal and Events). place for refuge, religion and royalty. The Acropolis Rock has been used continuously for these purposes since Dionysus Theatre Neolithic times. 10 This mosaic-tiled theatre was the site of Classical Greece’s drama competitions, where the tragedies and Propylaia comedies by the great playwrights (Aeschylus, 2 At the top of the rock, you are greeted by the Sophocles, Euripides) were first performed. The theatre Propylaia, the grand entrance through which all visitors seated 15,000, and you can still see engraved front-row passed to reach the summit temples. marble seats, reserved for priests of Dionysus. Temple of Athena Nike (“Victory”) 3 There has been a temple to a goddess of victory at New Acropolis Museum this location since prehistoric times, as it protects and stands over the part of the rock most vulnerable to The Glass Floor enemy attack. -
Medicin and Philosophy in Direct Dialectic Relation During The
Medicin and Philosophy in Direct Dialectic Relation During the Classical and Late Antiquity1 Medicina e Filosofia em Relação Dialética Direta Durante a Antiguidade Clássica e Tardia Medicina y Filosofía en Relación Dialéctica Directa Durante la Antigüedad Clásica y Tardía Sophia KARYMPALI-KYRIAZIS 2 Abstract: Medicine and Philosophy, in classical antiquity mainly, coexisted and joined hands as activities of the human intellect, with one exerting fruitful influence on the other in the course of time. The influence of philosophy on ancient medicine is generally accepted, as the theories of pre-Socratic philosophers from the 6th century BC for the interpretation of the world and human nature were the main inspiration for the formulation of the first medical texts. Natural philosophers from Ionia, such as Thales of Miletus, Anaximander, Anaximenes and Heraclitus, through their theories, laid the foundations towards future medical advances. Hippocrates of Kos, with his medical treatises in “Corpus Hippocraticum” was greatly influenced by the philosophical thought. Hippocrates is considered the “father of medicine” because he broadened the medical knowledge of his time and laid the foundations of medicine as science, releasing it from magic and superstitions. Plato and Aristotle refer to Hippocrates in their works and speak with respect about him acknowledging his enormous contribution to the healing of serious diseases. In the ancient world, Asclepius, who was considered a great healer of many serious diseases, was worshiped as the patron god of medicine. In his honor temples were erected and next to them great therapeutic centers, the well known “Asclepieia”, scattered in many cities of Ancient Greece and Asia Minor. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Historiography in Lives: Plutarch's Use of Thucydides in the Lives of Pericles and Nicias BISHOP, PAUL,BERNARD How to cite: BISHOP, PAUL,BERNARD (2016) Historiography in Lives: Plutarch's Use of Thucydides in the Lives of Pericles and Nicias, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11538/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 HISTORIOGRAPHY IN LIVES: PLUTARCH’S USE OF THUCYDIDES IN THE LIVES OF PERICLES AND NICIAS Paul Bernard Bishop Ustinov College This Thesis is submitted for a Master of Arts by Research Department of Classics and Ancient History University of Durham 2015 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents........................................................................................................................................................... 2 Statement of -
The True Aglaurion
THE TRUE AGLAURION (PLATES 13-15) IN 1969 the Ephorateof the Akropolisbegan the restorationof the so-called Peripatos,an ancient road or track which in antiquity encircledthe foot of the Akropolis and the old sanctuariesthat nestled in its folds. In the 4th centuryB.C. the Athenians inscribedthe name of the track and its length on the face of a rock which had become detachedand had fallen from the north slope of the Akropolis, coming to rest near the Sanctuary of Eros and Aphrodite. A lack of evidenceleft much to the imaginationin proceedingwith the restoration.But as the objectivewas the reconstitutionin the immediatevicinity of the Akropolis of a topo- graphical element of considerableimportance it was decided that despite this defect work could and should be undertakenfor its restoration,thereby providing a ready approachto this "shadowy",fascinating part of the Akropolisas well as to the numerousold sanctuaries which until then had been hardly accessible. During the first phase of the work, which lasted until 1972,2 the Ephoraterestored the greaterpart of the northernbranch of the Peripatos,starting from the entranceof the fenced archaeologicalarea just west of the Klepsydra and proceedingas far east as the Peripatos inscription.There the work stopped for some years because of the presence,just to the east of the inscription,of a few small houses belongingto the upper part of the districtknown as Anaphiotika.With respect to the ultimate destiny of this quarter, which in those years was expropriated by the Archaeological Service, the opinion of the Akropolis Ephorate was that the Anaphiotika should be preserved for the sake of its picturesque character, an opinion which was also shared by the central authorities of the Ministry of Culture. -
The Topography of Ancient Athens in the Mirabilia Urbis Athenarum 69
Hyperboreus Vol.16-17 (2010-2011) “VARIANTE LOQUELLA” The Topography of Ancient Athens in the Mirabilia Urbis Athenarum 69 Antonio Corso THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT ATHENS IN THE MIRABILIA URBIS ATHENARUM Introductory Remarks The text which is labelled Mirabilia Urbis Athenarum is a short guide of the antiquities of Athens written for the visitors of this city.1 This short essay had been traditionally dated to the fi rst years of the Turkish rule because of the mention in the text of a doÚx as an institutional fi gure of the past which was identifi ed with the Frankish Duke of Athens.2 However recently Di Branco rightly pointed out that this doÚx is told in the guide to have gone to pray in a sanctuary of Hera, i. e. he was a pagan3 and suggested a composition of the guide in the middle Byzantine times (XIth or XIIth c.). It is possible to suggest that this doÚx mentioned in the guide was a military commander in the tetrarchic administration.4 The function of Juno as protectress of the Roman Army is very well known.5 Thus the offi cial homage of the military commander to this goddess makes sense. Moreover the author of the guide refers to a sanctuary of Hera near the Ilyssus valley which is identifi ed with that of Hera and Zeus Panhellenios seen by Pausanias 1, 18, 9 and established by Hadrian: it is probable that in that sanctuary the empress was worshipped as Hera as well as the emperor was identifi ed with Zeus/Juppiter.6 Thus the worship of the goddess would fi t the duty of the dux to acknowledge the divinity of the imperial couple. -
Rhetoric and the Architecture of Empire in the Athenian Agora
Rhetoric and the Architecture of Empire inthe Athenian Agora Submitted by John Vandenbergh Lewis B.Arch., University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona May, 1992 Submitted to the Department of Architecture in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Architecture Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June, 1995 John Vandenbergh Lewis, 1995. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. I A A Signature of the Author Jo Vandenbergh Lewis Depa* ent of Architecture, May 12, 1995 Certified by IrP u Julian Beinarl Professor of Architecture I Accepted by I I Roy Strickland Chairman, Department of Architecture Committee on Graduate Students MASSACHUSETTS INSTJTUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUL 251995 4ROtd Rhetoric and the Architecture of Empire inthe Athenian Agora by John Vandenbergh Lewis Submitted to the Department of Architecture May 12, 1995 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science inArchitecture Studies Abstract The various political regimes of ancient Athens established and legitimated their power through civic architecture and public rhetoric in the agora. A study of the parallel developments of architectural and rhetorical form, supported by previously published archaeological evidence and the well documented history of classical rhetoric, demonstrates that both served to propel democracy and, later, to euphemize the asymmetrical power structures of the Hellenistic and Roman empires. In addition, civic architecture and rhetoric worked in unison following analogous patterns of presentation in civic space. Civic imperial architecture in the agora may be thus understood to function as the stageset and legitimator of imperial political rhetoric in the agora. -
Ritual Spaces and Performances in the Asklepieia of Roman Greece1
RITUAL SPACES AND PERFORMANCES IN THE ASKLEPIEIA OF ROMAN GREECE1 PERFORMATIVE rituals have been mostly studied by religious historians and only in recent years have they appeared in the archaeological literature.2 Such rituals are based on the performance of precise dramatic sequences of language and actions in the presence of an audience called to a collective participation. They may consist either of public actions such as processions, dances, songs, and sacrificial rites, or of theatrical performances, such as dramatic enactments of divine myths and genealogies. In most ancient sanctuaries specific areas were devoted to their performance: theatrical buildings, or structures only occasionally qualified as processional or sacrificial. In Greece, performative rituals and spaces are especially well known for the sanctuaries of the Classical and Hellenistic period. Festivals and annual celebrations evoked the presence of the gods in order to obtain their favours and help mortals overcome crucial moments either of the agricultural year or of human life. This is the case, for example, of the celebrations in the Attic sanctuaries of Eleusis and Brauron. In this respect, recent studies have demonstrated that public rituals performed in sanctuaries acted as strong means of communication and contributed to forming and enforcing political ideologies in Classical Greece (Goldhill and Osborne 1999; Kowalzig 2008). From the beginning of the Roman presence, the importance of festivals, processions, and collective rituals in the sanctuaries of Greece is stressed by ancient authors and suggested by the epigraphic evidence. It is often suggested that their role—rather than political—was one of preservation of the collective memory in provincial Greece, when this was threatened by external circumstances (Auffarth 1997, 219-38; 1999, 31-42). -
Classical Studies Transition Year Unit
Classical Studies Transition Year Unit SECTION 1 What is Classical Studies? A case study of Ancient Cyprus Image source: Reproduced with the kind permission of the UCD Classics Museum. Section 1 Table Quiz Round 1 Round 2 1. Which of the following cultures do we learn 1. Sir Arthur Evans is a famous about in Classics? a. Musician a. Greek b. Archaeologist b. Egyptian c. Scientist c. Roman 2. In which city can you find the Parthenon? 2. Which language did the ancient Romans a. Rome speak? b. Athens a. Irish c. Cairo b. Welsh c. Latin 3. Which of the following was a famous building in the ancient world? 3. The letters alpha and omega are part of a. The White House which language? b. Colosseum a. Greek c. Sydney Opera House b. Spanish Bonus point: What events were staged in this c. German building? 4. Which of the following are included in 4. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius buried which studying the ancient world? city in AD 79? a. Historical documents a. Pompeii b. Inscriptions b. Dublin c. Coins c. Sparta Section 1 Table Quiz Round 3 Round 4 1. Who wrote the epic poems the Iliad and the 1.Which of the following is not an ancient Roman Odyssey? god? a. Aristotle a. Jupiter b. Socrates b. Minerva c. Homer c. Cú Chulainn Bonus point: Which great war was the Iliad about? 2. Ares is the Greek god of what? 2. Plato is a famous Greek philosopher – what a. Wisdom century was he born in? b. Agriculture a. -
Virtues for the People Aspects of Plutarchan Ethics PLUTARCHEA HYPOMNEMATA
virtues for the people aspects of plutarchan ethics PLUTARCHEA HYPOMNEMATA Editorial Board Jan Opsomer (K.U.Leuven) Geert Roskam (K.U.Leuven) Frances Titchener (Utah State University, Logan) Luc Van der Stockt (K.U.Leuven) Advisory Board F. Alesse (ILIESI-CNR, Roma) M. Beck (University of South Carolina, Columbia) J. Beneker (University of Wisconsin, Madison) H.-G. Ingenkamp (Universität Bonn) A.G. Nikolaidis (University of Crete, Rethymno) Chr. Pelling (Christ Church, Oxford) A. Pérez Jiménez (Universidad de Málaga) Th. Schmidt (Université de Fribourg) P.A. Stadter (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) VIRTUES FOR THE PEOPLE ASPECTS OF PLUTARCHAN ETHICS Edited by GEERT ROSKAM and LUC VAN DER STOCKT Leuven University Press © 2011 Leuven University Press / Presses Universitaires de Louvain / Universitaire Pers Leuven. Minderbroedersstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium) All rights reserved. Except in those cases expressly determined by law, no part of this publication may be multiplied, saved in an automated datafile or made public in any way whatsoever without the express prior written consent of the publishers. ISBN 978 90 5867 858 4 D/2011/1869/3 NUR: 735-732 Design cover: Joke Klaassen Contents Efficiency and Effectiveness of Plutarch’s Broadcasting Ethics 7 G. Roskam – L. Van der Stockt 1. Virtues for the people Semper duo, numquam tres? Plutarch’s Popularphilosophie on Friendship and Virtue in On having many friends 19 L. Van der Stockt What is Popular about Plutarch’s ‘Popular Philosophy’? 41 Chr. Pelling Plutarch’s Lives and the Critical Reader 59 T.E. Duff Greek Poleis and the Roman Empire: Nature and Features of Political Virtues in an Autocratic System 83 P.