A Coma-Halmaz a Kozmosz Legnagyobb Égitestei
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The Dynamical State of the Coma Cluster with XMM-Newton?
A&A 400, 811–821 (2003) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20021911 & c ESO 2003 Astrophysics The dynamical state of the Coma cluster with XMM-Newton? D. M. Neumann1,D.H.Lumb2,G.W.Pratt1, and U. G. Briel3 1 CEA/DSM/DAPNIA Saclay, Service d’Astrophysique, L’Orme des Merisiers, Bˆat. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 2 Science Payloads Technology Division, Research and Science Support Dept., ESTEC, Postbus 299 Keplerlaan 1, 2200AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands 3 Max-Planck Institut f¨ur extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstr., 85740 Garching, Germany Received 19 June 2002 / Accepted 13 December 2002 Abstract. We present in this paper a substructure and spectroimaging study of the Coma cluster of galaxies based on XMM- Newton data. XMM-Newton performed a mosaic of observations of Coma to ensure a large coverage of the cluster. We add the different pointings together and fit elliptical beta-models to the data. We subtract the cluster models from the data and look for residuals, which can be interpreted as substructure. We find several significant structures: the well-known subgroup connected to NGC 4839 in the South-West of the cluster, and another substructure located between NGC 4839 and the centre of the Coma cluster. Constructing a hardness ratio image, which can be used as a temperature map, we see that in front of this new structure the temperature is significantly increased (higher or equal 10 keV). We interpret this temperature enhancement as the result of heating as this structure falls onto the Coma cluster. We furthermore reconfirm the filament-like structure South-East of the cluster centre. -
The Principal Axis of the Virgo Cluster
The Principal Axis of the Virgo Cluster Michael J. West Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 and John P. Blakeslee1 Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, England [email protected] ABSTRACT Using accurate distances to individual Virgo cluster galaxies obtained by the method of Sur- face Brightness Fluctuations, we show that Virgo’s brightest ellipticals have a remarkably collinear arrangement in three dimensions. This axis, which is inclined by ∼ 10 − 15◦ from the line of sight, can be traced to even larger scales where it appears to join a filamentary bridge of galaxies connecting Virgo to the rich cluster Abell 1367. The orientations of individual Virgo ellipticals also show some tendency to be aligned with the cluster axis, as does the jet of the supergiant elliptical M87. These results suggest that the formation of the Virgo cluster, and its brightest member galaxies, have been driven by infall of material along the Virgo-A1367 filament. Subject headings: galaxies: clusters: individual (Virgo), galaxies: formation, cosmology: large-scale structure of universe 1. Introduction Virgo dwarf elliptical galaxies also appears some- what elongated in this direction (Binggeli 1999), The Virgo cluster, at a distance of approxi- as does the distribution of hot X-ray emitting in- h−1 mately 15 Mpc, is the nearest richly-populated tracluster gas (B¨ohringer et al. 1994; Schindler, cluster of galaxies and, consequently, one of the Binggeli & B¨ohringer 1999). However, without best studied. A number of authors have pointed accurate distances to individual galaxies, it is im- arXiv:astro-ph/0008470v1 30 Aug 2000 out that Virgo’s brightest elliptical galaxies have possible to say for certain whether Virgo’s appar- a remarkably linear arrangement, along a pro- ◦ ent principal axis is a genuine three-dimensional jected position angle of roughly 110 (measured structure, or merely an illusory chance alignment North through East). -
The Herschel Sprint PHOTO ILLUSTRATION: PATRICIA GILLIS-COPPOLA, HERSCHEL IMAGE: WIKIMEDIA S&T
The Herschel Sprint PHOTO ILLUSTRATION: PATRICIA GILLIS-COPPOLA, HERSCHEL IMAGE: WIKIMEDIA S&T 34 April 2015 sky & telescope William Herschel’s Extraordinary Night of DiscoveryMark Bratton Recreating the legendary sweep of April 11, 1785 There’s little doubt that William Herschel was the most clearly with his instruments. As we will see, he did make signifi cant astronomer of the 18th century. His accom- occasional errors in interpretation, despite the superior plishments included the discovery of Uranus, infrared optics; for instance, he thought that the planetary nebula radiation, and four planetary satellites, as well as the M57 was a ring of stars. compilation of two extensive catalogues of double and The other factor contributing to Herschel’s interest multiple stars. His most lasting achievement, however, was the success of his sister, Caroline, in her study of the was his exhaustive search for undiscovered star clusters sky. He had built her a small telescope, encouraging her and nebulae, a key component in his quest to understand to search for double stars and comets. She located Messier what he called “the construction of the heavens.” In Her- objects and more, occasionally fi nding star clusters and schel’s time, astronomers were concerned principally with nebulae that had escaped the French astronomer’s eye. the study of solar system objects. The search for clusters Over the course of a year of observing, she discovered and nebulae was, up to that point, a haphazard aff air, with about a dozen star clusters and galaxies, occasionally not- a total of only 138 recorded by all the observers in history. -
The Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances to the Hydra
The Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances to the Hydra and Coma Clusters 1 Joseph B. Jensen John L. Tonry and Gerard A. Luppino Institute for Astronomy, UniversityofHawaii 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT We present IR surface brightness uctuation (SBF) distance measurements to NGC 4889 in the Coma cluster and to NGC 3309 and NGC 3311 in the Hydra cluster. We explicitly corrected for the contributions to the uctuations from globular clusters, background galaxies, and residual background variance. We measured a distance of 85 10 Mp c to NGC 4889 and a distance of 46 5 Mp c to the Hydra cluster. 1 1 Adopting recession velo cities of 7186 428 km s for Coma and 4054 296 km s 1 1 for Hydra gives a mean Hubble constantofH =87 11km s Mp c . Corrections 0 for residual variances were a signi cant fraction of the SBF signal measured, and, if underestimated, would bias our measurementtowards smaller distances and larger values of H . Both NICMOS on the Hubble Space Telescop e and large-ap erture 0 ground-based telescop es with new IR detectors will make accurate SBF distance measurements p ossible to 100 Mp c and b eyond. Subject headings: distance scale | galaxies: clusters: individual (Hydra, Coma) | galaxies: individual (NGC 3309, NGC 3311, NGC 4889) | galaxies: distances and redshifts 1. Intro duction Measuring accurate and reliable distances is a critical part of the quest to measure the Hubble constant H .Until recently, di erenttechniques for estimating extragalactic distances 0 1 Currently with the Gemini 8-m Telescop es Pro ject, 180 Kino ole St. -
Radio Investigations of Clusters of Galaxies
• • RADIO INVESTIGATIONS OF CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES a study of radio luminosity functions, wide-angle head-tailed radio galaxies and cluster radio haloes with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope proefschrift ter verkrijging van degraad van Doctor in de Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus Or. D.J. Kuenen, hoogleraar in de Faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen, volgens besluit van het College van Dekanen te verdedigen op woensdag 20 december 1978 teklokke 15.15 uur door Edwin Auguste Valentijn geboren te Voorburg in 1952 Sterrewacht Leiden 1978 elve/labor vincit - Leiden Promotor: Prof. Dr. H. van der Laan aan Josephine aan mijn ouders Cover: Some radio contours (1415 MHz) of the extended radio galaxies NGC6034, NGC6061 and 1B00+1SW2 superimposed to a smoothed galaxy distribution (number of galaxies per unit area, taken from Shane) of the Hercules Superoluster. The 90 % confidence error boxes of the Ariel VandUHURU observations of the X-ray source A1600+16 are also included. In the region of overlap of these two error boxes the position of a oD galaxy is indicated. The combined picture suggests inter-galactic material pervading the whole superaluster. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 9 PART 1 OBSERVATIONS OF THE COI1A CLUSTER AT 610 MHZ 15 CHAPTER 2 COMA CLUSTER GALAXIES 17 Observation of the Coma Cluster at 610 MHz (Paper III, with W.J. Jaffe and G.C. Perola) I Introduction 17 II Observations 18 III Data Reduction 18 IV Radio Source Parameters 19 V Optical Data 20 VI The Radio Luminosity Function of the Coma Cluster Galaxies 21 a) LF of the (E+SO) Galaxies 23 b) LF of the (S+I) Galaxies 25 c) Radial Dependence of the LF 26 VII Other Properties of the Detected Cluster Galaxies 26 a) Spectral Indexes b) Emission Lines VIII The Central Radio Sources 27 a) 5C4.85 = NGC4874 27 b) 5C4.8I - NGC4869 28 c) Coma C 29 CHAPTER 3 RADIO SOURCES IN COMA NOT IDENTIFIED WITH CLUSTER GALAXIES 31 Radio Data and Identifications (Paper IV, with G.C. -
Globular Cluster Systems in Brightest Cluster Galaxies
GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEMS IN BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES. III. BEYOND BIMODALITY Item Type Article Authors Harris, William E.; Ciccone, Stephanie M.; Eadie, Gwendolyn M.; Gnedin, Oleg Y.; Geisler, D.; Rothberg, B.; Bailin, Jeremy Citation GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEMS IN BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES. III. BEYOND BIMODALITY 2017, 835 (1):101 The Astrophysical Journal DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/101 Publisher IOP PUBLISHING LTD Journal The Astrophysical Journal Rights © 2017. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Download date 04/10/2021 03:48:29 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622870 The Astrophysical Journal, 835:101 (21pp), 2017 January 20 doi:10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/101 © 2017. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEMS IN BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES. III. BEYOND BIMODALITY William E. Harris1, Stephanie M. Ciccone1, Gwendolyn M. Eadie1, Oleg Y. Gnedin2, Douglas Geisler3, Barry Rothberg4, and Jeremy Bailin5 1 Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Astronomiá, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; [email protected] 4 LBT Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Box 870324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324, USA; [email protected] Received 2016 September 13; revised 2016 November 7; accepted 2016 November 21; published 2017 January 20 ABSTRACT We present new deep photometry of the rich globular cluster (GC) systems around the Brightest Cluster Galaxies UGC 9799 (Abell 2052) and UGC 10143 (Abell 2147),obtainedwiththeHubble Space Telescope (HST) ACS and WFC3 cameras. -
The Coma Cluster in Relation to Its Environs
THE COMA CLUSTER IN RELATION TO ITS ENVIRONS Michael J. Westa Saint Mary’s University Department of Astronomy & Physics Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada E-mail: [email protected] Clusters of galaxies are often embedded in larger-scale superclusters with dimen- sions of tens or perhaps even hundreds of Mpc. Observational and theoretical evidence suggest an important connection between cluster properties and their surroundings, with cluster formation being driven primarily by the infall of mate- rial along large-scale filaments. Nowhere is this connection more obvious than the Coma cluster. 1 Historical Background The Coma cluster’s surroundings have been discussed in the astronomical liter- ature for nearly as long as the cluster itself. William Herschel (1785) discovered what he called “the nebulous stratum of Coma Berenices” and remarked that “I have fully ascertained the existence and direction of this stratum for more than 30 degrees of a great circle and found it to be almost every where equally rich in fine nebulae.” Coma’s sprawling galaxy distribution was also evident in Max Wolf’s (1902) catalogue of nebulae in and around Coma (see Figure 1). Shapley’s (1934) observations led him to conclude that “A general inspection of the region within several degrees of the Coma cluster suggests that the cluster is part of, or is associated with, an extensive metagalactic cloud...” Shane & Wirtanen (1954), on the other hand, argued that the Coma cluster is a single isolated entity which blends into the background at a projected distance of ∼ 2◦ (2.5 h−1 Mpc) from its centre. -
7.5 X 11.5.Threelines.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19267-5 - Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters: From Herschel to Dreyer’s New General Catalogue Wolfgang Steinicke Index More information Name index The dates of birth and death, if available, for all 545 people (astronomers, telescope makers etc.) listed here are given. The data are mainly taken from the standard work Biographischer Index der Astronomie (Dick, Brüggenthies 2005). Some information has been added by the author (this especially concerns living twentieth-century astronomers). Members of the families of Dreyer, Lord Rosse and other astronomers (as mentioned in the text) are not listed. For obituaries see the references; compare also the compilations presented by Newcomb–Engelmann (Kempf 1911), Mädler (1873), Bode (1813) and Rudolf Wolf (1890). Markings: bold = portrait; underline = short biography. Abbe, Cleveland (1838–1916), 222–23, As-Sufi, Abd-al-Rahman (903–986), 164, 183, 229, 256, 271, 295, 338–42, 466 15–16, 167, 441–42, 446, 449–50, 455, 344, 346, 348, 360, 364, 367, 369, 393, Abell, George Ogden (1927–1983), 47, 475, 516 395, 395, 396–404, 406, 410, 415, 248 Austin, Edward P. (1843–1906), 6, 82, 423–24, 436, 441, 446, 448, 450, 455, Abbott, Francis Preserved (1799–1883), 335, 337, 446, 450 458–59, 461–63, 470, 477, 481, 483, 517–19 Auwers, Georg Friedrich Julius Arthur v. 505–11, 513–14, 517, 520, 526, 533, Abney, William (1843–1920), 360 (1838–1915), 7, 10, 12, 14–15, 26–27, 540–42, 548–61 Adams, John Couch (1819–1892), 122, 47, 50–51, 61, 65, 68–69, 88, 92–93, -
Aa/Ruitlt IV ] of I '•
NI BTIS-mf—9024 fe LJOL aa/ruitLt IV ] of I '• I Il'•ir . GALAXIES IN LOW DENSITY REGIONS OF THE UNIVERSE I >A'ji Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor in de Tl Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen aan de Rijksuni- r versiteit te Leiden, op gezag van de Rector f i Magnificus Dr. A.A.H. Kassenaar, hoogleraar in de faculteit der Geneeskunde, volgens besluit van het college van dekanen te verdedigen op woensdag 28 september 1983 te klokke 16.15 uur door NOAH BROSCH geboren te Boekarest (Roeaenie) in 1948 Promotoren-.Prof .Dr. J.liayo Greenberg W: Prof .Dr. W.W. Shane |r \f Referent :Dr.J. Lub / l I 'A '! 8.' ?•• i Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction and Background. .1 Chapter II Pccurate Optical Positions of Isolated Galaxies 10 1982,Rst ron.flst rophys .,Supp1. 46,63 Chapter III Photoelectric Photometry at the Wise 7; Observatory 17 Chapter Multiaperture Photometry of Isolated Galaxies 37 'i 1382,Rstrophys.J. 253,526 Chapter V Multiaperture Photometry of Galaxies:II. Near Infrared Photometry of Six Isolated i Objects 50 1982,Rstron.Pstrophys. 113,231 :J 't" Chapter VI 5 GHz Observations of Isolated and Group Galaxies 56 1983.Submitted to flstron.Rstrophys. Appendix R Samples of Isolated Systems 85 Chapter VII Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry of Five Isolated Galaxies 90 1383,Submitted to Rstron.Rstrophys. Appendix B Isolated and Normal Galaxies in the UV...113 Chapter VIII Rdditional Observational Data and Overview of the Thesis ,. 117 Samenvatting 134 t Curriculum 136 acknowledgements ' 137 Hebrew Summary 138 Chapter I p V Kant speculated in 1755 that the nebulae,now called >:c: galaxies,were remote, independent stellar systems, or "island |' universes',as they were subsequently called (Shane,1975). -
NASA-CR-2044 I Elei Aental Abundances in the Intracluster Gas and the Hot Galactic Coronae in Cluster A194 .-..VJ//-I<- ,I, N
.-..VJ//-i<- ,i, NASA-CR-2044_I Elei_aental Abundances in the Intracluster Gas and the Hot Galactic Coronae in Cluster A194 ,. - ? 4 NASA Grant NAG5-2611 Performance Report For the Period 15 June 1996 through 14 June 1997 Principal Investigator Dr. William R. Forman May 1997 Prepared for: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 , Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatory Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory is a member of the Halwatd-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics The NASA Technical Oflicez for this grant is Dr. Nicholas E. White, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail_op 662.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771. 1 Report for NAG5-2611 We have completed the analysis of observations of the Coma cluster and are continuing analysis of A1367 both of which are shown to be merging clusters. Also, we are analyzing observations of the Centaurus cluster which we see as a merger based in both its temperature and surface brightness distributions. 2 Coma Cluster Revisited Our results on the Coma cluster have been published in the Astrophysical Journal (1997 ApJ, 474, 7; see attached). We performed a wavelet transform analysis of the ROSAT PSPC images of the Coma cluster. On small scales, less than about 1 arc minute the wavelet analysis shows substructure dominated by two extended sources surrounding the two brightest cluster galaxies NGC 4874 and NGC 4889. On slightly larger scales, about 2 arc minutes, the wavelet analysis reveals a filament of X-ray emission originating near the cluster center, curving to the south and east for about 25 arc minutes in the direction of the galaxy NGC 4911, and ending near the galaxy NGC 4921. -
Arxiv:1612.08089V1 [Astro-Ph.GA] 21 Dec 2016 Ters of Galaxies
to be submitted to ApJ Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 5/2/11 GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEMS IN BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES. III: BEYOND BIMODALITY William E. Harris1, Stephanie M. Ciccone1, Gwendolyn M. Eadie1, Oleg Y. Gnedin2, Douglas Geisler3, Barry Rothberg4, and Jeremy Bailin5 (Dated: June 20, 2018) to be submitted to ApJ ABSTRACT We present new deep photometry of the rich globular cluster (GC) systems around the Brightest Cluster Galaxies UGC 9799 (Abell 2052) and UGC 10143 (Abell 2147), obtained with the HST ACS and WFC3 cameras. For comparison, we also present new reductions of similar HST/ACS data for the Coma supergiants NGC 4874 and 4889. All four of these galaxies have huge cluster populations (to the radial limits of our data, comprising from 12000 to 23000 clusters per galaxy). The metallicity distribution functions (MDFs) of the GCs can still be matched by a bimodal-Gaussian form where the metal-rich and metal-poor modes are separated by ' 0:8 dex, but the internal dispersions of each mode are so large that the total MDF becomes very broad and nearly continuous from [Fe/H] ' −2:4 to Solar. There are, however, significant differences between galaxies in the relative numbers of metal-rich clusters, suggesting that they underwent significantly different histories of mergers with massive, gas-rich halos. Lastly, the proportion of metal-poor GCs rises especially rapidly outside projected radii R & 4Reff , suggesting the importance of accreted dwarf satellites in the outer halo. Comprehensive models for the formation of GCs as part of the hierarchical formation of their parent galaxies will be needed to trace the systematic change in structure of the MDF with galaxy mass, from the distinctly bimodal form in smaller galaxies up to the broad continuum that we see in the very largest systems. -
Binocular Challenges
This page intentionally left blank Cosmic Challenge Listing more than 500 sky targets, both near and far, in 187 challenges, this observing guide will test novice astronomers and advanced veterans alike. Its unique mix of Solar System and deep-sky targets will have observers hunting for the Apollo lunar landing sites, searching for satellites orbiting the outermost planets, and exploring hundreds of star clusters, nebulae, distant galaxies, and quasars. Each target object is accompanied by a rating indicating how difficult the object is to find, an in-depth visual description, an illustration showing how the object realistically looks, and a detailed finder chart to help you find each challenge quickly and effectively. The guide introduces objects often overlooked in other observing guides and features targets visible in a variety of conditions, from the inner city to the dark countryside. Challenges are provided for viewing by the naked eye, through binoculars, to the largest backyard telescopes. Philip S. Harrington is the author of eight previous books for the amateur astronomer, including Touring the Universe through Binoculars, Star Ware, and Star Watch. He is also a contributing editor for Astronomy magazine, where he has authored the magazine’s monthly “Binocular Universe” column and “Phil Harrington’s Challenge Objects,” a quarterly online column on Astronomy.com. He is an Adjunct Professor at Dowling College and Suffolk County Community College, New York, where he teaches courses in stellar and planetary astronomy. Cosmic Challenge The Ultimate Observing List for Amateurs PHILIP S. HARRINGTON CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521899369 C P.