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Indian History
Indian History Ancient History 1.Which of the following ancient Indian Kings had appointed Dhamma Mahamattas? [A] Asoka [B] Chandragupta Maurya [C] Kanishka [D] Chandragupta-II Correct Answer: A [Asoka] Notes: Dhamma Mahamattas were special officers appointed by Ashoka to spread the message of Dhamma or his Dharma. The Dhamma Mahamattas were required to look after the welfare of the people of different religions and to enforce the rules regarding the sanctity of animal life. 2.Who was the first Saka king in India? [A] Moga [B] Rudradaman [C] Azes [D] Ghatotkacha Correct Answer: A [ Moga ] Notes: An Indo-Scythian king, Moga (or Maues) was the first Saka king in India who established Saka power in Gandhara and extended supremacy over north-western India. 3.Who was ‘Kanthaka’ in the context of Gautam Buddha? [A] Charioteer [B] Body-guard [C] Cousin [D] Horse Correct Answer: D [ Horse ] Notes: Kanthaka was the royal horse of Gautama Buddha. 4.What symbol represents birth of Gautama Buddha? [A] Bodh tree [B] Lotus [C] Horse [D] Wheel Correct Answer: B [ Lotus ] Notes: Lotus and bull resembles the symbol of birth of Gautama Buddha. 5.What symbol represents nirvana of Gautama Buddha? [A] Lotus [B] Wheel [C] Horse [D] Bodhi Tree Correct Answer: D [ Bodhi Tree ] Notes: Bodhi Tree is the symbol of nirvana of Gautama Buddha. On the other hand, Stupa represents the symbol of death of Gautama Buddha. Further, The symbol ‘Horse’ signifies the renunciation of Buddha’s life. 6.During whose reign was the Fourth Buddhist Council held? [A] Ashoka [B] Kalasoka [C] Ajatsatru [D] Kanishka Correct Answer: D [ Kanishka ] Notes: The Fourth Buddhist Council was held at Kundalvana, Kashmir in 72 AD during the reign of Kushan king Kanishka. -
Modern Indian Political Thought Ii Modern Indian Political Thought Modern Indian Political Thought Text and Context
Modern Indian Political Thought ii Modern Indian Political Thought Modern Indian Political Thought Text and Context Bidyut Chakrabarty Rajendra Kumar Pandey Copyright © Bidyut Chakrabarty and Rajendra Kumar Pandey, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. First published in 2009 by SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B1/I-1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044, India www.sagepub.in SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom SAGE Publications Asia-Pacifi c Pte Ltd 33 Pekin Street #02-01 Far East Square Singapore 048763 Published by Vivek Mehra for SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, typeset in 10/12 pt Palatino by Star Compugraphics Private Limited, Delhi and printed at Chaman Enterprises, New Delhi. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chakrabarty, Bidyut, 1958– Modern Indian political thought: text and context/Bidyut Chakrabarty, Rajendra Kumar Pandey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Political science—India—Philosophy. 2. Nationalism—India. 3. Self- determination, National—India. 4. Great Britain—Colonies—India. 5. India— Colonisation. 6. India—Politics and government—1919–1947. 7. India— Politics and government—1947– 8. India—Politics and government— 21st century. I. Pandey, Rajendra Kumar. II. Title. JA84.I4C47 320.0954—dc22 2009 2009025084 ISBN: 978-81-321-0225-0 (PB) The SAGE Team: Reema Singhal, Vikas Jain, Sanjeev Kumar Sharma and Trinankur Banerjee To our parents who introduced us to the world of learning vi Modern Indian Political Thought Contents Preface xiii Introduction xv PART I: REVISITING THE TEXTS 1. -
Dāsa Sāhitya: Some Notes on Early Publications, Commentaries and Concerns1 Abstract: Dāsa Sāhitya Is a Literary Genre In
Dāsa Sāhitya: Some Notes on Early Publications, Commentaries and Concerns1 Abstract: Dāsa Sāhitya is a literary genre in Kannada, beginning to be seen from the late- fifteenth century. Making its mark both in literature and in Indian classical music, Dāsa Sāhitya attracted the attention of missionaries and other colonial functionaries and was one of the first genres to be edited and published in Kannada in the mid-nineteenth century. Very soon, the native editors and publishers started working on the genre. Usually classified under Bhakti literature as part of modern Kannada literature, Dāsa Sāhitya got published by individuals of varying interests. This essay makes a survey of some of the early publications of the genre and attempts to segregate varying concerns and interests within what may be broadly and sometimes, urgently termed as either ‘colonial’ or ‘nationalist’, even as it makes certain interesting observations on the changing phase of the literary culture: from manuscript to print. Key Words: Dāsa Sāhitya, Dāsa, Pada, Kannada, literature, print Dāsa Sāhitya in Kannada seems to be a post late-fifteenth century phenomenon. It is largely perceived as Vaiṣṇava and Mādhva literature, eulogizing Puraṇic gods in the Vaiṣṇava pantheon and is considered part of Bhakti literature in Kannada. Travelling singers of medieval India who had a presence from Rajasthan in the north to north Karnataka in the south; Iyal and Isai traditions of Tamil and the Vārakarī tradition of Maharashtra seem to have had the foundational impacts on the Dāsa Sāhitya tradition apart from its own indigenous Kannada roots. Purandaradāsa, Kanakadāsa, Vijayadāsa, and Jagannathadāsa have been 1 I remain thankful for the comments and feedback during the presentation of this paper at the Conference, “Translating Oral/folk texts from Indian Languages into English” held in EFLU, Hyderabad, in March 2014. -
Topic: Peasant Movements in the 19Th Century - Indigo Rebellion [NCERT Notes]
UPSC Civil Services Examination UPSC Notes [GS-I] Topic: Peasant Movements in the 19th Century - Indigo Rebellion [NCERT Notes] The Indigo Rebellion (Neel Bidroho) took place in Bengal in 1859-60 and was a revolt by the farmers against British planters who had forced them to grow indigo under terms that were greatly unfavourable to the farmers. Causes of the Indigo Rebellion/Revolt Indigo cultivation started in Bengal in 1777. Indigo was in high demand worldwide. Trade in indigo was lucrative due to the demand for blue dye in Europe. European planters enjoyed a monopoly over indigo and they forced Indian farmers to grow indigo by signing fraudulent deals with them. The cultivators were forced to grow indigo in place of food crops. They were advanced loans for this purpose. Once the farmers took loans, they could never repay it due to the high rates of interest. The tax rates were also exorbitant. The farmers were brutally oppressed if they could not pay the rent or refused to do as asked by the planters. They were forced to sell indigo at non-profitable rates so as to maximize the European planters’ profits. If a farmer refused to grow indigo and planted paddy instead, the planters resorted to illegal means to get the farmer to grow indigo such as looting and burning crops, kidnapping the farmer’s family members, etc. The government always supported the planters who enjoyed many privileges and judicial immunities. Indigo Rebellion The indigo farmers revolted in the Nadia district of Bengal by refusing to grow indigo. They attacked the policemen who intervened. -
ANALYSIS / APPROACH / SOURCE / STRATEGY: GENERAL STUDIES PRE 2020 PAPER - TEAM VISION IAS Observations on CSP 2020
... Inspiring Innovation VISION IAS™ www.visionias.in www.visionias.wordpress.com “The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them." - Albert Einstein ANALYSIS / APPROACH / SOURCE / STRATEGY: GENERAL STUDIES PRE 2020 PAPER - TEAM VISION IAS Observations on CSP 2020 • This year the paper appeared to be on the tougher side and the options framed were confusing. • The static portions like History, Polity, Geography, Economics, etc. as expected were given due weightage. • Questions in almost all the subjects ranged from easy to medium to difficult level. Few unconventional questions were also seen. This year many questions were agriculture related which were asked from geography, environment and economics perspective. • Few questions asked by UPSC, although inspired by current affairs, required overall general awareness. For instance the questions on Indian elephants, cyber insurance, G-20, Siachen glacier, etc. • Polity questions demanded deeper understanding of the Constitution and its provisions. The options in polity questions were close but very easy basic fundamental questions like DPSP, Right to Equality, etc were asked from regular sources like Laxmikanth. Few Questions covering the governance aspect like Aadhar, Legal Services, etc were also given weightage. • In the History section, Ancient India questions were given more weightage unlike in the previous years, and their difficulty level was also high. Art & Culture and Medieval Indian history also had tough questions. However, the modern history section was of moderate level difficulty overall. • Environment questions unlike previous years did not focus on International climate initiatives and bodies. This year focus lay on environmental issues, application of technology and related concepts like benzene pollution, steel slag, biochar, etc. -
Iasbaba.Com History Compilation-Prelims
IASbaba.com History Compilation-Prelims 1. In British India, what is ‘Dastak’ known for? 1. A permit exempting European traders, mostly of the British East India Company, from paying customs or transit duties on their private trade. 2. A permit regulating internal trade, mostly for Indian traders. 3. Fee charged by Indian rulers from European Traders when they trade into their territory 4. Fee charged by British government for the regulation of domestic trade. Solution: 1 Explanation: Dastak, in 18th-century Bengal, a permit exempting European traders, mostly of the British East India Company, from paying customs or transit duties on their private trade. The name came from the Persian word for “pass.” The practice was introduced by Robert Clive, one of the creators of British power in India, when he had Mir Jaʿfar installed as nawab of Bengal in 1757. The attempt of Mir Jaʿfar’s successor, Mir Qāsim, to annul the use of dastaks led to his overthrow in 1763–64 and the exercise of overt control of Bengal by the British. Free dastaks for private trade were finally abolished by Warren Hastings, governor of Bengal (1775). The system put the Indian trader at a grave disadvantage in competing with the European and was an important factor in the impoverishment of Bengal under early British rule. Iasbaba.com Page 1 IASbaba.com 2. Consider the following statements with respect to administration of Maratha and Mughal Empires 1. The revenue system of Marathas was progressive unlike Mughals who were mainly interested in raising revenues from the helpless peasantry. 2. -
The Condition of the Workers in Indigo Plantation Work During the Period
International Journal of Applied Research 2017; 3(6): 219-223 ISSN Print: 2394-7500 ISSN Online: 2394-5869 The condition of the workers in indigo plantation Impact Factor: 5.2 IJAR 2017; 3(6): 219-223 work during the period between 1850 and 1895 www.allresearchjournal.com Received: 12-04-2017 Accepted: 13-05-2017 Sushant Kumar Singh Sushant Kumar Singh PhD candidate Centre for Abstract Economic Studies and This paper is mainly enquired into the socio-economic plight of workers in Indigo plantation Planning, Jawaharlal Nehru agricultural activities under the British colonial rule in India, lower Bengal. An attempt has been made University, New Delhi, India to analyse the interaction of the political, economic and social changes during this turbulent period and studies the intricacies of the indigo cultivation and illustrates how the technicalities created conflicts between the ‘Ryots’ and the planters. Paper firmly found the peasant rising grew in militancy and organisation; it also underwent changes in “leadership and alignment” This was hardly an anti-British movement in character. The peasants associated indigo with swindle and oppression – and that was it. Keywords: indigo plantation, British colonial rule, exploitation, peasant rising, lower Bengal Introduction “The story of the Indigo Industry is more interesting historically and more pathetically instructive that that of almost any other Indian agricultural or industrial substance [1].” Keeping the sentiments of the preceding words intact becomes seemingly important when one seeks to understand and associate with the turbulent history of the blue dye. The story of the incessant greed and atrocity of the indigo planters that roused thousands of indigo peasants from meek submissiveness to the sternest defiance imaginable is indeed an interesting one. -
Raishahi Zamindars: a Historical Profile in the Colonial Period [1765-19471
Raishahi Zamindars: A Historical Profile in the Colonial Period [1765-19471 Thesis Submitted to the University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, History by S.iVI.Rabiul Karim Associtate Professor of Islamic History New Government Degree College Rajstiahi, Bangladesh /^B-'t'' .\ Under the Supervision of Dr. I. Sarkar Reader in History University fo North Bengal Darjeeling, West Bengal India Janiary.2006 18^62/ 2 6 FEB 4?eP. 354.9203 189627 26 FEB 2007 5. M. Rahiul Karitn Research Scholar, Associate Professor, Department of History Islamic History University of North Bengal New Government Degree College Darjeeling, West Bengal Rajshahi, Bangladesh India DECLARATION I hereby declare that the Thesis entitled 'Rajshahi Zamindars: A Historical Profile in the Colonial Period (1765-1947)' submitted by me for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History of the Universit\' of North Bengal, is a record of research work done by me and that the Thesis has not formed the basis for the award of any other Degree, Diploma, Associateship, Fellowship and similar other tides. M^ Ro^JB^-vvA. VxQrVvvv S. M. Rabiul Karim (^ < o t • ^^ Acknowledgment I am grateful to all those who helped me in selecting such an interesting topic of research and for inspiring me to complete the present dissertation. The first person to be remembered in this connection is Dr. I. Sarkar, Reader, Department of History, University of North Bengal without his direct and indirect help and guidance it would not have been possible for me to complete the work. He guided me all along and I express my gratitude to him for his valuable advice and method that I could follow in course of preparation of the thesis. -
Ancient, Medieval & Modern Indian History
ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL & MODERN INDIAN HISTORY ANCIENT INDIA arrived. Such a culture is called Chalcolithic which means the stone-copper phase. PRE-HISTORY The Chalcolithic people used different types Recent reported artefacts from Bori in of pottery of which black and red pottery was Maharashtra suggest the appearance of most popular. It was wheel made and human beings in India around 1.4 million painted with white line design. years ago. They venerated the mother goddess and Their first appearance to around 3000 BC, worshiped the bull. humans used only stone tools for different purposes. This period is, therefore known as INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION the Stone Age. The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient Has been divided into Paleolithic age, civilization thriving along the Indus River Mesolithic age and Neolithic age. and the Ghaggar-Hakra River in what is now Pakistan and north-western India. THE PALEOLITHIC AGE (Old Stone) Among other names for this civilization is (500,00 BC – 8000 BC) the Harappan Civilization, in reference to its In India it developed in the Pleistocene first excavated city of Harappa. period or the Ice Age. An alternative term for the culture is The people of this age were food gathering Saraswati-Sindhu Civilization, based on the people who lived on hunting and gathering fact that most of the Indus Valley sites have wild fruits and vegetables. been found at the Halkra-Ghaggar River. They mainly used hand axes, cleavers, R.B. Dayaram Sahni first discovered choppers, blades, scrapers and burin. Their Harappa (on Ravi) in 1921. R.D. Banerjee tools were made of hard rock called discovered Mohenjodaro or Mound of the „quartzite‟, hence Paleolithic men are also Dead‟ (on Indus) in 1922. -
PAPER 1 DSE-A-1 SEM -5: HISTORY of BENGAL (C.1757-1905) NOTE-2
PAPER 1 DSE-A-1 SEM -5: HISTORY OF BENGAL (c.1757-1905) VI. PROTEST MOVEMENTS AND INSURGENCIES AGAINST THE RAJ: THE FAKIR AND SANYASI REVOLTS, INDIGO REVOLT (1859-60), PABNA PEASANT UPRISINGS (1873-76) NOTE-2 INDIGO REVOLT (1859-1860) When the elites of the India society were busy in initiating social and religious reforms to change their society from within to answer the moralistic critiques of the West, the rural society was responding to the imposition of the colonial rule in an entirely different way. In contrast to the urban intelligentsia, who were also the chief beneficiaries of the colonial rule, the response of the traditional elite and the peasantry, who were losing out as a result of colonial imposition, was that of resistance and defiance, resulting in a series of unsuccessful attempts at restoring the old order. The peasants suffered from high rents, illegal levies, arbitrary evictions and unpaid labours in zamindari areas. In Ryotwari areas, the government itself levied heavy land revenue. The overburdened farmers, fearing the loss of their only source of livelihood, often approached the local money lenders who made full use of the farmers, difficulties by extracting high rates of interest on the money given to the farmers. The social, political, economic and cultural life of the Indians with the help of the enactment of law and introduction of new legal system etc led to discontentment among all the sections of people in India which included the farmers and peasants as well. Accumulation of grievances and absence of redressal of the same precipitated into a series od rebellion or uprisings and movements. -
Dr.RN SREELATHA
Dr.R.N. SREELATHA Designation Associate Professor of Vocal Music E Mail I D [email protected] Phone Number Office:0821-2419586, Mob.No.9945124825 Experience 31 Years Area of Specialisation Vocal music and Musicology. Extra Curricular experience “A” Grade artist of AIR and Doordarshan, Performing Artist of Vocal Music since 45 years. Member Audion Board,AIR. No. of Ph.D Candidates : Successfully completed – 2 Currently Working – 6 Publications Sl.no Title of the Book Publisher Year 1 Karnataka Sangithadalli Manodharma Sangithada Mysore University Prasaaranga 1982 Prakaragalu 2 Karnataka Shastriya Sangitha Vol-I TanuManu Prakashana, Mysore 2005 3 ---do---- II Edition ---do--- 2006 4 Karnataka Shastriya Sangitha Vol-II ---do---- 2006 5 ---do--- II Edition --do-- 2008 6 Sadasiva Brahmendrara Kirtanegalu DVK Murthy, Mysore 2006 7 --do-- II Edition --do-- 2011 8 Karnataka Sangithadalli Manodharma Sangithada DVK Murthy, Mysore 2006 and Prakaragalu- II and III Edition 2011 9 Das Sankirtane TanuManu Prakashana, Mysore 2007 10 Muthaiyya Bhagavatara Chamundamba Ashtottara -----do----- 2009 Shata Kritigalu 11 Swati Tirunalara Kritigalu DVK Murthy, Mysore 2011 12 Karnataka Shastriya Sangitha Vol-III TanuManu Prakashana, Mysore 2011 Articles - To name a few Sl.No Title Name of the Journal/Souvenirs Year 1 Sangithadalli Manodharma ‘Inchara”( Pt.Basavaraja Rajaguru 1983 Commemoration Volume,Hospet 2 Karnataka Sangitha and Haridasa Sahitya Kannada Kosha,Hampi University 1992 3 T.R.Mahalingam and Mysore T,Choudiayya Kannada Vishvakosha, Mysore University, -
Module 29 Indian Classical Dance in France and Italy
PAPER 6 DANCE IN INDIA TODAY, DANCE-DRAMAS, CREATIVITY WITHIN THE CLASSICAL FORMS, INDIAN CLASSICAL DANCE IN DIASPORA (USA, UK, EUROPE, AUSTRALIA, ETC.) MODULE 29 INDIAN CLASSICAL DANCE IN FRANCE AND ITALY In this module we are looking at the state of Indian classical dance in Continental Europe. While Europe is a conglomeration of many countries, this module does not claim to cover all. However it covers several countries where Indian dance has gained root. These are stories of the success of cultural diplomacy- sometimes driven by state initiatives but more often than not by driven individuals. FRANCE We begin with France. Several Indians have settled down there and quite a number of schools and private tuitions can be found. Since the 70's, the interest is more, especially after the French revolution in 1968. There was a flourish in the culture and more Indians moved in. The French know a lot and they expect quality and new presentations. They will be disappointed to see only a Bharatanatyam recital. The presentation and quality is very much in demand. Here Theatre de Ville Paris and the Muse Guimet have long been centers that have showcased Indian classical dance. The Festival of India in France gave a flip to interest in Indian arts including dance. 1 Though many French dancers have come to India to learn, the only French dancer to have been awarded a Padmashri is Devayani, born Annick Chaymotty. She was awarded a Padmashri in the year 2009, but she lives in India. Chaymotty trained in Bharatanatyam with Kancheepuram Ellapa Mudaliar and Kalaimamani V.S.