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Structure and Function of the Fgd Family of Divergent FYVE Domain Proteins
Biochemistry and Cell Biology Structure and Function of the Fgd Family of Divergent FYVE Domain Proteins Journal: Biochemistry and Cell Biology Manuscript ID bcb-2018-0185.R1 Manuscript Type: Mini Review Date Submitted by the 03-Aug-2018 Author: Complete List of Authors: Eitzen, Gary; University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Smithers, Cameron C.; University of Alberta, Biochemistry Murray, Allan; University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Overduin, Michael; University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Draft Fgd, Pleckstrin Homology domain, FYVE domain, Dbl Homology Domain, Keyword: Rho GEF Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special CSMB Special Issue Issue? : https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/bcb-pubs Page 1 of 37 Biochemistry and Cell Biology Title: Structure and Function of the Fgd Family of Divergent FYVE Domain Proteins Authors: Gary Eitzen1, Cameron C. Smithers2, Allan G Murray3 and Michael Overduin2* Draft 1Department of Cell Biology, 2Department of Biochemistry, 3Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada *Corresponding author. Michael Overduin Telephone: +1 780 492 3518 Fax: +1 780 492-0886 E-mail: [email protected] https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/bcb-pubs Biochemistry and Cell Biology Page 2 of 37 Abstract FYVE domains are highly conserved protein modules that typically bind phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) on the surface of early endosomes. Along with pleckstrin homology (PH) and phox homology (PX) domains, FYVE domains are the principal readers of the phosphoinositide (PI) code that mediate specific recognition of eukaryotic organelles. Of all the human FYVE domain-containing proteins, those within the Faciogenital dysplasia (Fgd) subfamily are particularly divergent, and couple with GTPases to exert unique cellular functions. -
Regulation of Cdc42 and Its Effectors in Epithelial Morphogenesis Franck Pichaud1,2,*, Rhian F
© 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Cell Science (2019) 132, jcs217869. doi:10.1242/jcs.217869 REVIEW SUBJECT COLLECTION: ADHESION Regulation of Cdc42 and its effectors in epithelial morphogenesis Franck Pichaud1,2,*, Rhian F. Walther1 and Francisca Nunes de Almeida1 ABSTRACT An overview of Cdc42 Cdc42 – a member of the small Rho GTPase family – regulates cell Cdc42 was discovered in yeast and belongs to a large family of small – polarity across organisms from yeast to humans. It is an essential (20 30 kDa) GTP-binding proteins (Adams et al., 1990; Johnson regulator of polarized morphogenesis in epithelial cells, through and Pringle, 1990). It is part of the Ras-homologous Rho subfamily coordination of apical membrane morphogenesis, lumen formation and of GTPases, of which there are 20 members in humans, including junction maturation. In parallel, work in yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans the RhoA and Rac GTPases, (Hall, 2012). Rho, Rac and Cdc42 has provided important clues as to how this molecular switch can homologues are found in all eukaryotes, except for plants, which do generate and regulate polarity through localized activation or inhibition, not have a clear homologue for Cdc42. Together, the function of and cytoskeleton regulation. Recent studies have revealed how Rho GTPases influences most, if not all, cellular processes. important and complex these regulations can be during epithelial In the early 1990s, seminal work from Alan Hall and his morphogenesis. This complexity is mirrored by the fact that Cdc42 can collaborators identified Rho, Rac and Cdc42 as main regulators of exert its function through many effector proteins. -
A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of Β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus
Page 1 of 781 Diabetes A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus Robert N. Bone1,6,7, Olufunmilola Oyebamiji2, Sayali Talware2, Sharmila Selvaraj2, Preethi Krishnan3,6, Farooq Syed1,6,7, Huanmei Wu2, Carmella Evans-Molina 1,3,4,5,6,7,8* Departments of 1Pediatrics, 3Medicine, 4Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, 5Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the 6Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, and the 7Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; 2Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202; 8Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202. *Corresponding Author(s): Carmella Evans-Molina, MD, PhD ([email protected]) Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, Telephone: (317) 274-4145, Fax (317) 274-4107 Running Title: Golgi Stress Response in Diabetes Word Count: 4358 Number of Figures: 6 Keywords: Golgi apparatus stress, Islets, β cell, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online August 20, 2020 Diabetes Page 2 of 781 ABSTRACT The Golgi apparatus (GA) is an important site of insulin processing and granule maturation, but whether GA organelle dysfunction and GA stress are present in the diabetic β-cell has not been tested. We utilized an informatics-based approach to develop a transcriptional signature of β-cell GA stress using existing RNA sequencing and microarray datasets generated using human islets from donors with diabetes and islets where type 1(T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) had been modeled ex vivo. To narrow our results to GA-specific genes, we applied a filter set of 1,030 genes accepted as GA associated. -
Evidence for Differential Alternative Splicing in Blood of Young Boys With
Stamova et al. Molecular Autism 2013, 4:30 http://www.molecularautism.com/content/4/1/30 RESEARCH Open Access Evidence for differential alternative splicing in blood of young boys with autism spectrum disorders Boryana S Stamova1,2,5*, Yingfang Tian1,2,4, Christine W Nordahl1,3, Mark D Shen1,3, Sally Rogers1,3, David G Amaral1,3 and Frank R Sharp1,2 Abstract Background: Since RNA expression differences have been reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for blood and brain, and differential alternative splicing (DAS) has been reported in ASD brains, we determined if there was DAS in blood mRNA of ASD subjects compared to typically developing (TD) controls, as well as in ASD subgroups related to cerebral volume. Methods: RNA from blood was processed on whole genome exon arrays for 2-4–year-old ASD and TD boys. An ANCOVA with age and batch as covariates was used to predict DAS for ALL ASD (n=30), ASD with normal total cerebral volumes (NTCV), and ASD with large total cerebral volumes (LTCV) compared to TD controls (n=20). Results: A total of 53 genes were predicted to have DAS for ALL ASD versus TD, 169 genes for ASD_NTCV versus TD, 1 gene for ASD_LTCV versus TD, and 27 genes for ASD_LTCV versus ASD_NTCV. These differences were significant at P <0.05 after false discovery rate corrections for multiple comparisons (FDR <5% false positives). A number of the genes predicted to have DAS in ASD are known to regulate DAS (SFPQ, SRPK1, SRSF11, SRSF2IP, FUS, LSM14A). In addition, a number of genes with predicted DAS are involved in pathways implicated in previous ASD studies, such as ROS monocyte/macrophage, Natural Killer Cell, mTOR, and NGF signaling. -
A Rac/Cdc42 Exchange Factor Complex Promotes Formation of Lateral filopodia and Blood Vessel Lumen Morphogenesis
ARTICLE Received 1 Oct 2014 | Accepted 26 Apr 2015 | Published 1 Jul 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8286 OPEN A Rac/Cdc42 exchange factor complex promotes formation of lateral filopodia and blood vessel lumen morphogenesis Sabu Abraham1,w,*, Margherita Scarcia2,w,*, Richard D. Bagshaw3,w,*, Kathryn McMahon2,w, Gary Grant2, Tracey Harvey2,w, Maggie Yeo1, Filomena O.G. Esteves2, Helene H. Thygesen2,w, Pamela F. Jones4, Valerie Speirs2, Andrew M. Hanby2, Peter J. Selby2, Mihaela Lorger2, T. Neil Dear4,w, Tony Pawson3,z, Christopher J. Marshall1 & Georgia Mavria2 During angiogenesis, Rho-GTPases influence endothelial cell migration and cell–cell adhesion; however it is not known whether they control formation of vessel lumens, which are essential for blood flow. Here, using an organotypic system that recapitulates distinct stages of VEGF-dependent angiogenesis, we show that lumen formation requires early cytoskeletal remodelling and lateral cell–cell contacts, mediated through the RAC1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) DOCK4 (dedicator of cytokinesis 4). DOCK4 signalling is necessary for lateral filopodial protrusions and tubule remodelling prior to lumen formation, whereas proximal, tip filopodia persist in the absence of DOCK4. VEGF-dependent Rac activation via DOCK4 is necessary for CDC42 activation to signal filopodia formation and depends on the activation of RHOG through the RHOG GEF, SGEF. VEGF promotes interaction of DOCK4 with the CDC42 GEF DOCK9. These studies identify a novel Rho-family GTPase activation cascade for the formation of endothelial cell filopodial protrusions necessary for tubule remodelling, thereby influencing subsequent stages of lumen morphogenesis. 1 Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK. -
Myopathy Genes (HGNC) Neuropathy (HGNC) Neuromuscular Disease
Myopathy Genes Neuropathy Neuromuscular Disease (HGNC) (HGNC) (HGNC) ABHD5 ABCA1 ADCK3 ACTG2 ACO2 AGRN AGK AGXT ALS2 ALDOA AIFM1 ANG AMER1 ALAD AP4B1 ANO5 AMACR AP4E1 AR AP1S1 AP4M1 AUH APTX AP4S1 B4GALT1 AR AP5Z1 CACNA1S ATL3 ATM CASQ1 B4GALNT1 ATXN10 CCDC78 BAG3 ATXN7 CHCHD10 BRP44L BEAN1 CHRNA1 C12orf65 C9orf72 CHRNB1 C19orf12 CACNB4 CHRND C1NH CAPN3 CHRNE CECR1 CHAT CLPB CISD2 CHKB COL6A1 CLCF1 CHMP2B COL6A2 CLCN2 CHRNG COL6A3 CLP1 CLCN1 COLQ CMT2G COL9A3 CTNS CMT2H COQ2 DGUOK CMTDIA COQ6 DNA2 CMTX2 COQ9 DNAJB6 CMTX3 COX15 DNAJC19 COASY CPT1A DNM2 COX6A1 CYP7B1 DPM2 CPOX DAG1 DYSF CYP27A1 DDHD2 EMD CYP2U1 DOK7 EPG5 DARS2 DPAGT1 FAM111B DCAF8 DPM3 FBXL4 DDHD1 DUX4 FKBP14 DFNX5 ECEL1 FKRP DHTKD1 ERBB3 FLH1 DIAPH3 ERLIN2 FLNC DNAJB2 FA2H HNRNPA1 DNAJC3 FKTN HNRNPDL ELOVL5 FUS HNRPA2B1 ERCC8 G6PC KLHL40 FAH GFPT1 KLHL41 FAM126A GLE1 LAMA2 FBN1 GYS2 LDB3 FMR1 HSPD1 LMOD3 FXN IFRD1 MEGF10 GALC INF2 MGME1 GBE1 ISPD MTAP GJC2 ITGA7 MTMR14 GP1BA ITPR1 MYF6 HADHA KCNA1 MYH14 HADHB KCNC3 MYLK2 HFE KCNE3 NARS2 HINT1 KCNJ18 NEB HK1 KCNJ2 ORAI1 HMBS KIAA0196 PRKAG2 HSD17B4 KIF21A PTEN HSN1B L1CAM RBCK1 IARS2 LAMB2 RET IGHMBP2 LARGE RMND1 KCNJ10 MCCC2 SCN4A KIF5A MRE11A SERAC1 LRSAM1 MRPL3 SGCA LYST MTO1 SIL1 MANBA MTPAP SPEG MARS MTTP STAC3 MTATP6 MUSK STIM1 MYH14 MYBPC3 SYNE1 MYOT MYH3 SYNE2 NAMSD MYH8 TAZ NF2 NF1 TIA1 NGLY1 NIPA1 TMEM43 NMSR NOP56 TNPO3 NOTCH3 OPTN TNXB OPA1 PDSS2 TPM2 OPA3 PDYN TRPV4 OTOF PFN1 UBA1 PDK3 PHKA2 VCP PDSS1 PHKG2 XDH PEX10 PHOX2A ACADS PEX2 PIP5K1C ACADVL PMM2 PLEC ACTA1 PNPLA6 PLP1 AGL PPOX POMGNT1 AMPD1 PRICKLE1 -
Antigen-Specific Memory CD4 T Cells Coordinated Changes in DNA
Downloaded from http://www.jimmunol.org/ by guest on September 24, 2021 is online at: average * The Journal of Immunology The Journal of Immunology published online 18 March 2013 from submission to initial decision 4 weeks from acceptance to publication http://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2013/03/17/jimmun ol.1202267 Coordinated Changes in DNA Methylation in Antigen-Specific Memory CD4 T Cells Shin-ichi Hashimoto, Katsumi Ogoshi, Atsushi Sasaki, Jun Abe, Wei Qu, Yoichiro Nakatani, Budrul Ahsan, Kenshiro Oshima, Francis H. W. Shand, Akio Ametani, Yutaka Suzuki, Shuichi Kaneko, Takashi Wada, Masahira Hattori, Sumio Sugano, Shinichi Morishita and Kouji Matsushima J Immunol Submit online. Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists ? is published twice each month by Author Choice option Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts http://jimmunol.org/subscription Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Freely available online through http://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2013/03/18/jimmunol.120226 7.DC1 Information about subscribing to The JI No Triage! Fast Publication! Rapid Reviews! 30 days* Why • • • Material Permissions Email Alerts Subscription Author Choice Supplementary The Journal of Immunology The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2013 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. This information is current as of September 24, 2021. Published March 18, 2013, doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1202267 The Journal of Immunology Coordinated Changes in DNA Methylation in Antigen-Specific Memory CD4 T Cells Shin-ichi Hashimoto,*,†,‡ Katsumi Ogoshi,* Atsushi Sasaki,† Jun Abe,* Wei Qu,† Yoichiro Nakatani,† Budrul Ahsan,x Kenshiro Oshima,† Francis H. -
HER2 Gene Signatures: (I) Novel and (Ii) Established by Desmedt Et Al 2008 (31)
Table S1: HER2 gene signatures: (i) Novel and (ii) Established by Desmedt et al 2008 (31). Pearson R [neratinib] is the correlation with neratinib response using a pharmacogenomic model of breast cancer cell lines (accessed online via CellMinerCDB). *indicates significantly correlated genes. n/a = data not available in CellMinerCDB Genesig N Gene ID Pearson R [neratinib] p-value (i) Novel 20 ERBB2 0.77 1.90E-08* SPDEF 0.45 4.20E-03* TFAP2B 0.2 0.24 CD24 0.38 0.019* SERHL2 0.41 0.0097* CNTNAP2 0.12 0.47 RPL19 0.29 0.073 CAPN13 0.51 1.00E-03* RPL23 0.22 0.18 LRRC26 n/a n/a PRODH 0.42 9.00E-03* GPRC5C 0.44 0.0056* GGCT 0.38 1.90E-02* CLCA2 0.31 5.70E-02 KDM5B 0.33 4.20E-02* SPP1 -0.25 1.30E-01 PHLDA1 -0.54 5.30E-04* C15orf48 0.06 7.10E-01 SUSD3 -0.09 5.90E-01 SERPINA1 0.14 4.10E-01 (ii) Established 24 ERBB2 0.77 1.90E-08* PERLD1 0.77 1.20E-08* PSMD3 0.33 0.04* PNMT 0.33 4.20E-02* GSDML 0.4 1.40E-02* CASC3 0.26 0.11 LASP1 0.32 0.049* WIPF2 0.27 9.70E-02 EPN3 0.42 8.50E-03* PHB 0.38 0.019* CLCA2 0.31 5.70E-02 ORMDL2 0.06 0.74 RAP1GAP 0.53 0.00059* CUEDC1 0.09 0.61 HOXC11 0.2 0.23 CYP2J2 0.45 0.0044* HGD 0.14 0.39 ABCA12 0.07 0.67 ATP2C2 0.42 0.0096* ITGA3 0 0.98 CEACAM5 0.4 0.012* TMEM16K 0.15 0.37 NR1D1 n/a n/a SNX7 -0.28 0.092 FJX1 -0.26 0.12 KCTD9 -0.11 0.53 PCTK3 -0.04 0.83 CREG1 0.17 0.3 Table S2: Up-regulated genes from the top 500 DEGs for each comparison by WAD score METABRIC METABRIC METABRIC TCGA ERBB2amp ERBB2mut oncERBB2mut HER2+ ERBB2 PIP ANKRD30A ERBB2 GRB7 CYP4Z1 CYP4Z1 SCGB2A2 PGAP3 PROM1 LRRC26 SPDEF GSDMB CD24 PPP1R1B FOXA1 -
Whole Exome Sequencing in Families at High Risk for Hodgkin Lymphoma: Identification of a Predisposing Mutation in the KDR Gene
Hodgkin Lymphoma SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX Whole exome sequencing in families at high risk for Hodgkin lymphoma: identification of a predisposing mutation in the KDR gene Melissa Rotunno, 1 Mary L. McMaster, 1 Joseph Boland, 2 Sara Bass, 2 Xijun Zhang, 2 Laurie Burdett, 2 Belynda Hicks, 2 Sarangan Ravichandran, 3 Brian T. Luke, 3 Meredith Yeager, 2 Laura Fontaine, 4 Paula L. Hyland, 1 Alisa M. Goldstein, 1 NCI DCEG Cancer Sequencing Working Group, NCI DCEG Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Stephen J. Chanock, 5 Neil E. Caporaso, 1 Margaret A. Tucker, 6 and Lynn R. Goldin 1 1Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; 2Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; 3Ad - vanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; 4Westat, Inc., Rockville MD; 5Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and 6Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA ©2016 Ferrata Storti Foundation. This is an open-access paper. doi:10.3324/haematol.2015.135475 Received: August 19, 2015. Accepted: January 7, 2016. Pre-published: June 13, 2016. Correspondence: [email protected] Supplemental Author Information: NCI DCEG Cancer Sequencing Working Group: Mark H. Greene, Allan Hildesheim, Nan Hu, Maria Theresa Landi, Jennifer Loud, Phuong Mai, Lisa Mirabello, Lindsay Morton, Dilys Parry, Anand Pathak, Douglas R. Stewart, Philip R. Taylor, Geoffrey S. Tobias, Xiaohong R. Yang, Guoqin Yu NCI DCEG Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory: Salma Chowdhury, Michael Cullen, Casey Dagnall, Herbert Higson, Amy A. -
Athena Diagnostics Neurology Patient Insurance Test Requisition
Athena Diagnostics Neurology Patient Insurance Test Requisition (April 2019) Patients Requesting Financial Assistance – Patients who meet certain income guidelines may qualify for financial assistance. Please complete the patient identification information and Athena Diagnostics® will contact the patient directly to initiate the application process and (for patients where insurance Please tear at perforation Please tear remits to patient only) to collect prepayment. Many payers (including Medicare and Medicaid) have medical necessity requirements. You should only order those tests which are medically necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the patient. NOTE: Client services is now available until 9:00 PM ET. They can be reached at 800-394-4493, option 2. Fields in red indicate required information Patient Physician Insured Patient Information Physician/Laboratory Contact Information Complete this requisition for all patients with insurance, including Medicare. Patients with an insurance plan NOTE: Specimen tube(s) must be labeled with two of the following forms of identification: for which Athena Diagnostics is a contracted provider are subject to any co-insurance and deductible of their name, date of birth, last four digits of SS#, patient ID no. These same two forms of ID must also plan. Athena Diagnostics will bill the patient’s insurance for the total price of the test and work on the patient’s behalf to file appropriate justifications and/or appeals when applicable. Patients should verify coverage with also be indicated on the test requisition. their health plan prior to testing. Contact Name Patient Identification First Last Phone Fax Patient Name First Last Email Patient ID # (if available) Tests Ordered DOB Sex: Male Female Important: Write in the test code and test name (see list on reverse). -
Supplementary Table 2
Supplementary Table 2. Differentially Expressed Genes following Sham treatment relative to Untreated Controls Fold Change Accession Name Symbol 3 h 12 h NM_013121 CD28 antigen Cd28 12.82 BG665360 FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 Flt1 9.63 NM_012701 Adrenergic receptor, beta 1 Adrb1 8.24 0.46 U20796 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2 Nr1d2 7.22 NM_017116 Calpain 2 Capn2 6.41 BE097282 Guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 12 Gna12 6.21 NM_053328 Basic helix-loop-helix domain containing, class B2 Bhlhb2 5.79 NM_053831 Guanylate cyclase 2f Gucy2f 5.71 AW251703 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 12a Tnfrsf12a 5.57 NM_021691 Twist homolog 2 (Drosophila) Twist2 5.42 NM_133550 Fc receptor, IgE, low affinity II, alpha polypeptide Fcer2a 4.93 NM_031120 Signal sequence receptor, gamma Ssr3 4.84 NM_053544 Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 Sfrp4 4.73 NM_053910 Pleckstrin homology, Sec7 and coiled/coil domains 1 Pscd1 4.69 BE113233 Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 Socs2 4.68 NM_053949 Potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H (eag- Kcnh2 4.60 related), member 2 NM_017305 Glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Gclm 4.59 NM_017309 Protein phospatase 3, regulatory subunit B, alpha Ppp3r1 4.54 isoform,type 1 NM_012765 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C Htr2c 4.46 NM_017218 V-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog Erbb3 4.42 3 (avian) AW918369 Zinc finger protein 191 Zfp191 4.38 NM_031034 Guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 12 Gna12 4.38 NM_017020 Interleukin 6 receptor Il6r 4.37 AJ002942 -
A Genome-Wide Screen in Mice to Identify Cell-Extrinsic Regulators of Pulmonary Metastatic Colonisation
FEATURED ARTICLE MUTANT SCREEN REPORT A Genome-Wide Screen in Mice To Identify Cell-Extrinsic Regulators of Pulmonary Metastatic Colonisation Louise van der Weyden,1 Agnieszka Swiatkowska, Vivek Iyer, Anneliese O. Speak, and David J. Adams Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-0645-1879 (L.v.d.W.); 0000-0003-4890-4685 (A.O.S.); 0000-0001-9490-0306 (D.J.A.) ABSTRACT Metastatic colonization, whereby a disseminated tumor cell is able to survive and proliferate at a KEYWORDS secondary site, involves both tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors. To identify tumor cell-extrinsic metastasis (microenvironmental) factors that regulate the ability of metastatic tumor cells to effectively colonize a metastatic tissue, we performed a genome-wide screen utilizing the experimental metastasis assay on mutant mice. colonisation Mutant and wildtype (control) mice were tail vein-dosed with murine metastatic melanoma B16-F10 cells and microenvironment 10 days later the number of pulmonary metastatic colonies were counted. Of the 1,300 genes/genetic B16-F10 locations (1,344 alleles) assessed in the screen 34 genes were determined to significantly regulate pulmonary lung metastatic colonization (15 increased and 19 decreased; P , 0.005 and genotype effect ,-55 or .+55). mutant While several of these genes have known roles in immune system regulation (Bach2, Cyba, Cybb, Cybc1, Id2, mouse Igh-6, Irf1, Irf7, Ncf1, Ncf2, Ncf4 and Pik3cg) most are involved in a disparate range of biological processes, ranging from ubiquitination (Herc1) to diphthamide synthesis (Dph6) to Rho GTPase-activation (Arhgap30 and Fgd4), with no previous reports of a role in the regulation of metastasis.