DOCSLIB.ORG

Swiftlet Ranchers' Practices in Enhancing Sustainable

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Swiftlet Ranchers' Practices in Enhancing Sustainable SWIFTLET RANCHERS’ PRACTICES IN ENHANCING SUSTAINABLE SWIFTLET RANCHING IN MALAYSIA Vaiappuri, S.K.N.1, N.H. Kamarulzaman1*, A.L. Ismail1 and and K.M. Isa2 1, Department of Agribusiness and Information Systems, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. 2Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia. *[email protected] Introduction The swiftlet ranching in Malaysia is still in its growth stage, compared to the pioneer producers in Indonesia. The swiftlet ranching is a relatively new industry in Malaysia as compared to other established and long-standing industries such as rubber, oil palm, oil and gas, timber, financial services and small and medium industries (SMI) manufacturing [2]. The Malaysian swiftlet industry, especially in ranching activity has achieved critical mass during the past ten years. The swiftlet industry in Malaysia started to gain momentum after the Asian Economic Crisis in 1997. The resultant haze and the open burning in Indonesia have led to millions more swiftlet birds migrating to West Malaysia. At the same time, Malaysia cave swiftlet birds have chosen a better habitat and have changed their ranching from the cave to the birdhouse [3]. In Malaysia, there are three types of species that produced EBN such as White-nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus), Black-nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus maximus) and Glossy Swiftlet or White-bellied Swiftlet (Collocalia esculenta). Swiftlet industry in Malaysia has boosted the economy through robust projects as stated in the Malaysian Economic Transformation Program (ETP). The industry had expanded at high growth rates during the last decades. However, the uncontrolled expansion will subsequently expose the industry into some sustainable production risks. The objective of this study was to measure the swiftlet ranchers’ practice level towards sustainable swiftlet ranching in Malaysia. Method This study was carried out in Johor, Malaysia. A list of ranchers’ name and contact details were obtained from the Johor Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) 2011 Directory. A total of 136 ranchers was randomly selected as the respondents through stratified sampling method. Structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews were carried out to collect data from the respondents. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha score. The Cronbach’s alpha score for the questionnaire was 0.893. The collected data was analysed using descriptive analysis, practices level analysis and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the significance of relationships. The practices level analysis was calculated based on a calculated score for practices questions. There were 16 questions with three choices of answers (never, seldom and always) related to sustainable swiftlet ranching. The survey identified sustainable ranching statements based on reviews of the empirical literatures and information obtained from experts and industry players. Results The result in Table 1 revealed that 61.76% of the respondents applied high levels of sustainable practice in their ranching activities, while 38.24% of the respondents still were low levels in practising sustainable practices. The majority of the respondents were able to practice high-level sustainable practices because they had adequate knowledge and favourable attitude towards sustainable swiftlet ranching. Table 1: Respondent’s Practices Level Level Frequency (n) Percentage (%) High 84 61.76 Low 52 38.24 Total 136 100.0 Farmers who have a favourable attitude towards sustainable agriculture had high motivation to practice sustainable agriculture practices in their agricultural activities [3]. The respondents who were at low-level category implied that they were still not fully practicing sustainable practices in their ranching activities. Table 2: Summary of ANOVA between Practices Level and Selected Variables Variable Attributes Frequency Mean Std. F- P-value Deviation value ≤ 30 4 2.000 0.000 Age group 31 - 40 14 1.143 0.363 30.463 0.000** (years old) 41 - 50 55 1.327 0.474 51 - 60 49 1.939 0.242 ≥ 61 14 2.000 0.000 Race Malay 3 1.667 0.577 0.626 0.430 Chinese 133 1.436 0.498 Marital status Single 4 1.500 0.577 0.057 0.812 Married 132 1.439 0.498 Primary 27 1.222 0.424 Education Level Secondary 96 1.385 0.489 6.919 0.000** Diploma 10 1.900 0.316 Degree 3 2.000 0.000 Low 52 1.269 0.448 Experience Medium 71 1.493 0.503 8.651 0.000** High 13 1.846 0.376 Yearly ≤ 20 000 74 1.365 0.4847 Income 20 001-40 000 42 1.571 0.5009 2.351 0.099* (RM) ≥ 40 001 20 1.450 0.5104 n = 136. **Significant at 1% level of significance, *Significant at 10% level of significance Table 2 revealed that age group and education level of the respondent had a significant relationship at the 1 % level of significance with F-value 30.463 and 6.919 respectively. Those who have a high level of education practised sustainable swiftlet ranching activities. The respondent’s level of experience had a significant relationship at the 1 % level of significance with F-value 8.651. Most of the experienced respondents preferred to practice more sustainable practices in their ranching activity. Respondents who were involved in ranching activities for a longer period gained more knowledge that eventually led to a favourable attitude and high level of sustainable practices in swiftlet ranching. The respondent’s yearly income and practices had a significant relationship at the 5 % level of significance with F-value 2.351. The high earning respondents were practising sustainable practises in their ranching activities. Thus income might be one of the elements that motivated them to practise sustainable practises. Discussion Technological advancement in terms of management or operational procedures will ensure the growth of the industry. Proper law enforcement is needed to make sure the players are in line with rules and regulations. A high level of knowledge augurs well with the rancher’s favourable attitude towards sustainable ranching, which ultimately to lead sustainable practices and towards sustainable swiftlet ranching. Some critical enforcement by the authorities will uplift the level of sustainable practices in the Malaysian Swiftlet Industry. Acknowledgements The authors wish to extend their gratitude for the funds provided by the Department of Agribusiness and Information Systems, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Invaluable assistance and support from the Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia (DVS) was also gratefully appreciated 1) Gee, H. (2002). Food & the future. Nature, 418(6898), 667-667. 2) Merican, H. (2007). The 2007 Malaysian Swiftlet Farming Industry Report. Retrieved from http://www.smipenang.com/2006SwiftletFarmingReport.html.[Accessed on 10 June 2013]. 3) Mardiastuti, A. (2011). Swiftlet Farming in Indonesia: Opportunity, Challenge, and Sustainability. Paper presented at International Conference of Swiftlet Ranching, University Sultan Zainal Abidin Terengganu, Malaysia. 4) Karami.E., & Mansoorabadi, A. (2008). Sustainable agricultural attitudes and behaviors: a gender analysis of Iranian farmers. Environment, Development and Sustainability 10:883–898. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Subterranean Fauna of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean
    Christmas Island: Karst features Helictite, (2001) 37(2): 59-74. Subterranean Fauna of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean W.F. Humphreys and Stefan Eberhard. W.F. Humphreys - Western Australian Museum, Francis Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. Email: [email protected] Stefan Eberhard - CaveWorks, P.O. Witchcliffe, WA 6286, Australia. Email: [email protected] Abstract The subterranean environment of Christmas Island is diverse and includes freshwater, marine, anchialine, and terrestrial habitats. The cave fauna comprises swiftlets, and a diverse assemblage of invertebrates, both terrestrial and aquatic, which includes a number of rare and endemic species of high conservation significance. At least twelve species are probably restricted to subterranean habitats and are endemic to Christmas Island. Previously poorly known, the cave fauna of Christmas Island is a significant component of the island's biodiversity, and a significant cave fauna province in an international context. The cave fauna and habitats are sensitive to disturbance from a number of threatening processes, including pollution, deforestation, mining, feral species and human visitors. Keywords: Island karst, biospeleology, stygofauna, troglobites, anchialine, scorpion, Procarididae INTRODUCTION DEFINITIONS As recently as 1995 Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) It has been found useful to classify cave-dwelling ani- was considered to have no specialized subterranean mals according to their presumed degree of ecological/ fauna (Gray, 1995: 68), despite biological collections evolutionary dependence on the cave environment. Many surface-dwelling forms enter caves by chance and having been made since 1887 (especially Andrews while such ‘accidentals’ may survive for some time they et al., 1900). However, in 1996 a specimen of blind do not reproduce underground.
    [Show full text]
  • Echolocation Acuity of the Palawan Swiftlet (Aerodramus Palawanensis)
    Avocetta N° 17: 157-162 (1994) Echolocation acuity of the Palawan Swiftlet (Aerodramus palawanensis) CHARLEST. COLLlNS(l)and RICHARDMURPHy(2) (I)Dept. Biological Sciences, California St. Univ., Long Beach CA 90840 USA (2) The Cousteau Society, 870 Creenbrier Circle, Suite 402, Chesapeake VA 23320 USA Abstract - Echolocation acuity trials were conducted on Palawan Swiftlets (Aerodramus palawanensis) under natural conditions in Palawan, Philippine lslands. Detection of 3.2 mm diameter obstacles was significantly less than for 6.3 mm and 10 mm obstacles. These results are consistent with previous laboratory trials conducted on other swiftlets. They confirm that although echolocation is used for orientation in cave nesting and roosting areas it is unlikely to be effective in detecting their typically small « 5 mm) food iterns. Introduction report here similar experiments conducted with the PaIawan Swiftiet (Aerodramus palawanensis) under The ability to use echoIocation or animaI sonar is a naturai conditions in a Iarge nesting and roosting widespread and well studied specialization among cave. bats of the suborder Microchiroptera (Griffin 1958, Vincent 1963, Simmons et al. 1975, Busnell and Fish 1980). Among birds, echoIocation is known onIy for MetHoDs the OiIbird (Steatornis caripensis) a unique cave nesting caprimulgid of northern South America These experiments were conducted in the under- (Griffin 1954, Konishi and Knudsen 1979) and most, ground river cave in St. Pau I River Subterranean if not all, of the widespread species of cave swiftlets Nationai Park, PaIawan, Philippine Islands from 14- (Aerodramus sp.)(Medway and Pye 1977) which 21 September 1990. The tests were conducted in a occur from the western Indian Ocean isIands of side channei off the main cave about 200 m from the Mauritius and Reunion eastward to the islands of the entrance.
    [Show full text]
  • DIVERSITY of BIRDS ACROSS LAND USE and HABITAT GRADIENTS in FORESTS, RUBBER AGROFORESTS and RUBBER PLANTATIONS of NORTH SUMATRA Asep Ayat1,* and Hesti L
    Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 2, No. 2, October 2015, 103-120 ISSN: 2355-7079 / E-ISSN: 2406-8195 DIVERSITY OF BIRDS ACROSS LAND USE AND HABITAT GRADIENTS IN FORESTS, RUBBER AGROFORESTS AND RUBBER PLANTATIONS OF NORTH SUMATRA Asep Ayat1,* and Hesti L. Tata2 1Burung Indonesia, Jalan Dadali 32, Bogor 16161, Indonesia 2Forest Research and Development Center, Jl. Gunung Batu 5, Bogor, Indonesia Received: 31 March 2014, Revised: 10 May 2014, Accepted: 11 October 2015 DIVERSITY OF BIRDS ACROSS LAND USE AND HABITAT GRADIENTS IN FORESTS, RUBBER AGROFORESTS AND RUBBER PLANTATIONS OF NORTH SUMATRA. Birds play a pivotal role in the ecosystem, but in disturbed areas their roles may be limited due to the changes of their natural habitats. This paper studies the birds' habitats in Simalungun and Asahan Districts, North Sumatra. The study was conducted in four habitats: natural forest, rubber agroforests, rubber monoculture plantations and emplacement areas. The birds were observed using descriptive survey methods by implementing a quick biodiversity survey, data were collected along one km transect. The results showed that in total, 142 species of birds from 42 families were observed in the four habitats. Natural forests had the highest diversity of bird species, followed by rubber agroforests, emplacement areas and rubber plantations, with a Shannon-Wiener index of 3.8, 3.6, 3.0 and 2.9, respectively. Regarding the IUCN red list species, 12 bird species of near- threatened status and 2 species of vulnerable status were recorded. Based on CITES categories, one species was listed in the Appendix I, 12 species were classified in Appendix II and 26 bird species were protected under Indonesian regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • FIELD GUIDES BIRDING TOURS Borneo
    Field Guides Tour Report Borneo Jun 7, 2012 to Jun 24, 2012 Rose Ann Rowlett & Hamit Suban Sunrise over craggy Mt. Kinabalu, as seen from our doorsteps at the Hill Lodge inside Kinabalu Park. (Photo by tour participant Fred Dalbey) It was another fabulous tour to Borneo! As always, it was different from all previous tours in many of the specifics, from the weather (windy and rainy in the highlands this trip; surprisingly dry in the lowlands) to some of the birds and other critters observed. But there is great overlap among many of the spectacular basics from one tour to the next. And we had another wonderful sampling of the best of Borneo. In our efforts to overcome jetlag, we all arrived early and managed to get in a little extra birding pre-tour. Most folks went to Manukan Island for a morning, and we all went to the KK Wetland the day before the tour started, seeing a handful of species we wouldn't see on our official tour route. I've included those species in the list below since most folks in the group were experiencing Asian birding for the first time. Our most exciting encounter was with a pair of White-breasted Waterhens duetting as we watched at close range. We began officially in the Crocker Range, where we saw a number of highland endemics, from the usually very tough Whitehead's Spiderhunter to Mountain and Bornean barbets, Bornean Bulbul, Bornean Leafbird, and endearing flocks of Chestnut-crested Yuhinas, not to mention the non-endemic but dramatic Long-tailed Broadbill.
    [Show full text]
  • Hearing and Echolocation in the Australian Grey Swiftlet, Collocalia Spodiopygia
    J. exp. Biol. 129, 365-371 (1987) 365 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1987 HEARING AND ECHOLOCATION IN THE AUSTRALIAN GREY SWIFTLET, COLLOCALIA SPODIOPYGIA BY ROGER B. COLES Zoologisches Institut, Universitdt Munchen, Luisenstrasse 14, 8 Miinchen 2, West Germany MASAKAZU KONISHI Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA AND JOHN D. PETTIGREW Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia Accepted 3 February 1987 SUMMARY The frequency sensitivity of hearing in the grey svviftlet, Collocalia spodiopygia, was determined by neuronal recordings from the auditory midbrain (MLD). The most sensitive best frequency response thresholds occurred between 0-8 and 4*7 kHz, with the upper frequency limit near 6 kHz. Spectral analysis of echolocation click pairs revealed energy peaks between 3'0 and 8'0kHz for the foreclick, compared to 4'0—6-0 kHz for the principal click. The relationship between good hearing sensitivity and click energy peaks in the swiftlet extends about an octave higher than it does in the oilbird (Steatornis caripensis). INTRODUCTION Echolocation is known to occur in only two families of birds. The Steatornithidae is represented by one species, the oilbird {Steatornis caripensis), which is known to echolocate and is a nocturnal frugivore from South America (Griffin, 1953; Konishi & Knudsen, 1979; Suthers & Hector, 1985). In the Apodidae a number of swiftlet species (Collocalia spp.) are also known to echolocate and are diurnal insectivores (Novick, 1959; Medway, 1959). Swiftlets are common to south-east Asia (Medway, 1962) including the north-east regions of Australia (Smyth, Pecotich & Roberts, 1980).
    [Show full text]
  • Speleogenesis and Post-Speleogenetic Biogenic Modification of Gomantong Caves, Sabah, Borneo
    Post-speleogenetic biogenic modification of Gomantong Caves, Sabah, Borneo Joyce Lundberg1 and Donald McFarlane2 1 Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 CANADA. [email protected] 3W. M. Keck Science Center, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont CA 91711 USA. [email protected] Abstract The Gomantong cave system of eastern Sabah, Malaysia, is well-known as an important site for the harvesting of edible bird’s-nests and, more recently, as a tourist attraction. Although the biology of the Gomantong system has been repeatedly studied, very little work has been done of the geomorphology. Here we report on the impact of geobiological modification in the development of the modern aspect of the cave, an important but little recognized feature of tropical caves. Basic modelling of the metabolic outputs from bats and birds (CO2, H2O, heat) reveals that post-speleogenetic biogenic corrosion can erode bedrock by between ~3.0 mm/ka (1 m/~300 ka) and ~4.6 mm/ka (1 m/~200 ka). Modelling at high bat densities yields corrosion rates of ~34 mm/ka (or 1 m/~30 ka). Sub-aerial corrosion creates a previously undescribed speleological feature, the apse-flute, semicircular in cross-section, ~80 cm wide, vertical regardless of rock properties, developing in parallel but apparently completely independently, and often unbroken from roof to floor. They end at a blind hemi-spherical top with no extraneous water source. Half-dome ceiling conch pockets are remnants of previous apse-fluting. Sub-cutaneous corrosion creates the floor-level guano notch formed by organic acid dissolution of bedrock in contact with guano.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Bird Preference on Agroforestry System: Is There a Potential Case for Birdwatching Development?
    Journal of Indonesian Tourism and doi: 10.21776/ub.jitode.2017.005.02.03 Development Studies E-ISSN : 2338-1647 http://jitode.ub.ac.id Understanding Bird Preference on Agroforestry System: Is There a Potential Case for Birdwatching Development? Agung Sih Kurnianto1*, Jati Batoro2, Nia Kurniawan2 1Graduate School of Environment Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Abstract The main objective of this study is to understand the bird preference on the different types of agroforestry management and the implication on the development of birdwatching as a potential ecotourism. The study was conducted at the agroforestry area of Gubugklakah Village, Malang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, from May to November 2016. Five observation sites were chosen: 1) agroforestry developed by ethno-conserving system; 2) agroforestry close to the national park; 3) agroforestry; 4) conventional agriculture area; and 5) houses area. Point Count was applied in this study by determining 5 sampling sites that separated 100-150 m. Survey was conducted once a week and observed every 15 minutes from 6.00 to 9.00 am. The species of bird that observed and heard were noted, identified and result of the field identification was stored in field book. The result shows that the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) was presented by Cave swiftlet and some species that specialized in farmland. Agroforestry area was showing more potential as the birdwatching spot compared to conventional agriculture area and houses area. In addition, agroforestry area showing a high Value of Interest (VOI) that represented a nativity on the birds settler and made it to be the suitable area for birdwatching activities.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Conservation and Natural Heritage Significance of Australlan Heritage
    FLY'ENINSZP LAND USE STRATEGY LAND USE PROGRAM I AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE OF w CAPE YORK PENINSULA - H. Abrahams, M. Mulvaney, D. Glasco & A. Bugg Australian Heritage Commission and the Environmental Resources Information Network 1995 AUSTRALLAN HERITAGE COMMISSION CYPLUS 3 a joint initiative of the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments CAPE YORK PENINSULA LAND USE STRATEGY (CYPLUS) Land Use Program AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE OF . CAPE YORK PENINSULA H. Abrahams, M. Mulvaney, D. Glasco and A. Bugg Australian Heritage Commission and the Environmental Resources Information Network 1995 LWP*~%-~LLq ' GG~~~:pk(4 rrr;,Y,C r r..,,. ;... 8av:,,.dycfcmtf i,/,,/KCYPLUS is a joint initiative of the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments Gv.b:$,%::,j~ ,a/g. 6 6 B?& +:<- ..>S*.X$.&*-::' /z.+/% @:;"';*: : P-& '+@ i""i.3:$$53. m CZE:Z!%>~~~<;~> .S;UE?$ Recommended citation: Abraharns H., Mulvaney M., Glasco D. and Bugg A. (1995). 'An assessment of the Conservation and Natural Heritage Significance of Cape York Peninsula. (Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy, Office of the Co-ordinator General of Queensland, Brisbane, Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories, Canberra, and Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage, Brisbane.) Note: Due to the timing of publication, reports on other CYPLUS projects may not be fully cited in the BIBLIOGRAPHY section. However, they should be able to be located by author, agency or subject. ISBN 0 7242 6229 6 @ The State of Queensland and Commonwealth of Australia 1995. Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted by the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any means without the prior written permission of the Office of the Co-ordinator General of Queensland and the Australian Government Publishing Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Predator Defence Mechanisms in Swiftlets
    Predator Defence Mechanisms in Swiftlets How Cave-nesting swiftlets in the South Pacific vary their breeding behaviour to resist different predatory offensives. Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus APODIDAE -no feet. Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus APODIDAE Drinking on the wing. Radiotracking fledgling & pre-breeding Common Swifts. Swifts are bullet-shaped. 2-day old Glossy Swiftlet nestling. Uniform Swiftlet, Papua New Guinea. Common Swift, Erich Kaisers Colony, Kronberg, Germany Fork-tailed Swift. Australian Swiftlet Hovering flight: Clam Cavern. Alula, visible on left nestling in Erich’s colony, Germany Eurasian Jay: preening. Hatchling White-rumped Swiftlet - Fiji. Faecal pellets, Chillagoe: Quoll/cat, Echidna, Python, ? Entrance to Swiftlet breeding chamber, NewSouthlander. Dooloomai Falls Breeding site. Adult White-rumped Swiftlet on nest Cikobia-I-Lau Breeding bird on Viti Levu . .note moult in wing & rump. Long wings can be a problem when nests are close Nasinu -9-mile caves, Fiji. Nests nearest cave entrance: 1. Not as many as in totally dark zone. 2. On overhanging surface. Aerodramus s. spodiopygius Samoa In Paradise, even cave entrances are pretty. Coconut Crabs Jaw of Quoll Royal Arch Cave, Swiftlet Cavern:102 nests 1972. 1985: 15 nests. 2001: 119 nests. Australian Swiftlet. Clam Cavern, Chillagoe. Upper Doolamai Falls Colony, Finch Hatton Gorge Lower Doolamai Falls Colony, Finch Hatton Gorge White-rumped Swiftlet Rennell Island Photo G. Jones White-rumped Swiftlet Rennell Island Photo G. Jones White-rumped Swiftlet Rennell Island Photo G. Jones White-rumped Swiftlet Rennell Island Photo G. Jones Distribution of Glossy Swiftlet Glossy Swiftlets Sabah, Entrance to old mine, Mt Diamond, PNG. 2-day old Glossy Swiftlet nestling.
    [Show full text]
  • Borneo (Sabah) - a Birdwatching Tour
    Borneo (Sabah) - A Birdwatching Tour Naturetrek Tour Report 22 August - 4 September 2009 Golden-naped Barbet, Kinabalu Wallace's Hawk Eagle, Sukau Storm's Stork, Sukau Report compiled by Chris Kehoe Images courtesy of Rainer Seifert Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Borneo (Sabah) - A Birdwatching Tour Tour Leaders: Chris Kehoe (Naturetrek Leader) Hamit bin Suban (Local guide for main tour) Jason Bugay Reyes (Local guide at Tabin) Osman Assan (Local guide for Mt. Kinabalu) Participants: Main tour only Corinne Shutt Nick Shutt Louise Smiles Mark Smiles Main tour plus Mt. Kinabalu extension Joachim Bayer Janette Lenz Michael Lenz Bryan Nixon Rainer Seifert Raymond Shewan Colin Steer David Stoddard Mt. Kinabalu extension only Moira Hargreaves Roy Hargreaves Day 1 Saturday 22nd August Outbound to Kuala Lumpur Most of the group left Britain on a midday Malaysian Airlines flight to Kuala Lumpur. Although 30 minutes late taking off we more than made up the time and arrived after eleven-and-a-half hours at 07.10 local time (BST+7) the next day, in plenty of time to catch our connecting flight to Sabah. Day 2 Sunday 23rd August Outbound; Sepilok Weather: dry, quite sunny, hot and humid The onward flight to Sandakan via Kota Kinabalu took off on time at 09.20. At Kota Kinabalu we disembarked to carry out Sabah immigration formalities before re-boarding for the final 40 minute leg and arrived on time in Sandakan at 13.20.
    [Show full text]
  • NL1 (Icke-Tättingar) Ver
    Nr Vetenskapligt namn Engelskt namn Svenskt namn (noter) 1 STRUTHIONIFORMES STRUTSFÅGLAR 2 Struthionidae Ostriches Strutsar 3 Struthio camelus Common Ostrich struts 4 Struthio molybdophanes Somali Ostrich somaliastruts 5 6 RHEIFORMES NANDUFÅGLAR 7 Rheidae Rheas Nanduer 8 Rhea americana Greater Rhea större nandu 9 Rhea pennata Lesser Rhea mindre nandu 10 11 APTERYGIFORMES KIVIFÅGLAR 12 Apterygidae Kiwis Kivier 13 Apteryx australis Southern Brown Kiwi sydkivi 14 Apteryx mantelli North Island Brown Kiwi brunkivi 15 Apteryx rowi Okarito Kiwi okaritokivi 16 Apteryx owenii Little Spotted Kiwi mindre fläckkivi 17 Apteryx haastii Great Spotted Kiwi större fläckkivi 18 19 CASUARIIFORMES KASUARFÅGLAR 20 Casuariidae Cassowaries, Emu Kasuarer 21 Casuarius casuarius Southern Cassowary hjälmkasuar 22 Casuarius bennetti Dwarf Cassowary dvärgkasuar 23 Casuarius unappendiculatus Northern Cassowary enflikig kasuar 24 Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu emu 25 26 TINAMIFORMES TINAMOFÅGLAR 27 Tinamidae Tinamous Tinamoer 28 Tinamus tao Grey Tinamou grå tinamo 29 Tinamus solitarius Solitary Tinamou solitärtinamo 30 Tinamus osgoodi Black Tinamou svart tinamo 31 Tinamus major Great Tinamou större tinamo 32 Tinamus guttatus White-throated Tinamou vitstrupig tinamo 33 Nothocercus bonapartei Highland Tinamou höglandstinamo 34 Nothocercus julius Tawny-breasted Tinamou brunbröstad tinamo 35 Nothocercus nigrocapillus Hooded Tinamou kamtinamo 36 Crypturellus berlepschi Berlepsch's Tinamou sottinamo 37 Crypturellus cinereus Cinereous Tinamou askgrå tinamo 38 Crypturellus soui
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Checklists of the World Country Or Region: Malaysia
    Avibase Page 1of 23 Col Location Date Start time Duration Distance Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World 1 Country or region: Malaysia 2 Number of species: 799 3 Number of endemics: 14 4 Number of breeding endemics: 0 5 Number of introduced species: 17 6 Date last reviewed: 2020-03-19 7 8 9 10 Recommended citation: Lepage, D. 2021. Checklist of the birds of Malaysia. Avibase, the world bird database. Retrieved from .https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang=EN&region=my [23/09/2021]. Make your observations count! Submit your data to ebird.
    [Show full text]