DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0132622 A1 Sia (43) Pub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0132622 A1 Sia (43) Pub US 2010O132622A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0132622 A1 Sia (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 3, 2010 (54) SWIFTLETS FARMING FOR PRODUCTION Publication Classification OF EDIBLE BIRDSNESTS9 (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventor: Yik HeiO Sia,1 O Johor Bahru (MY) AOIK 3/945/00 :08:2006.O1 AOIK 4L/04 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: AOIK3I/00 2006.O1 CROCKETT & CROCKETT, P.C. ( .01) 26O20 ACERO, SUTE 200 (52) U.S. C. .......... 119/300; 119/329; 119/306; 119/428 MISSION VIEJO, CA 92691 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 12/624,995 An edible bird's nests production facility comprising of: a wholly man made artificial caves system and/or converted (22) Filed: Nov. 24, 2009 natural relief such as caves, valleys, cliffs forming the nesting habitat and associated Supporting facilities configured to Related U.S. Application Data breed swiftlets for their nests by means of a captive breeding program for Swiftlets; commercialized-Scientific farming (63) Continuation of application No. 1 1/685,728, filed on methods; specialized apparatus, mechanisms and techniques; Mar. 13, 2007, now Pat. No. 7,661,391. managed Sustainable harvesting of nests; provision of a safe and secure nesting habitat and a conducive environment to (30) Foreign Application Priority Data maximize avian population by minimizing mortality rates; safe collection of nests by means of mechanized lifting sys Mar. 13, 2006 (SG) ............................... 2006O1493-0 tems and specialist mountaineering equipment. E. Ecs - Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 1 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 2 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 3 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 4 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 5 of 25 US 2010/0132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 6 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 7 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 8 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 10 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 : Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 11 of 25 US 2010/0132622 A1 s Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 12 of 25 US 2010/0132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 13 of 25 US 2010/0132622A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 14 of 25 US 2010/0132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 15 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 16 of 25 US 2010/0132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 17 of 25 US 2010/0132622 A1 S. CO I ame S. (Y-Aal S. Y W. R NS sex N S. ada as Alwar SCs Cl Aler D Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 18 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 19 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 21 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 22 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 23 of 25 US 2010/0132622A1 RSNNN Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 24 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 Patent Application Publication Jun. 3, 2010 Sheet 25 of 25 US 2010/O132622 A1 US 2010/O 132622 A1 Jun. 3, 2010 SWIFTLETS FARMING FOR PRODUCTION 0007 Class: Ayes OF EDIBLE BIRDSNESTS 0008 Order: Apodiformes 0009 Family: Apodidae 0010 Genus: Aerodramus 0001. This application is a continuation of U.S. applica Species: A. unicolor; A.ficiphagus, A. maximus and A. ger tion Ser. No. 1 1/685,728 filed on Mar. 13, 2007 which claims mani priority to Singapore Patent Application 200601493-0, filed 0011 Binominal name: Aerodramus unicolor, Aerodra Mar. 13, 2006. mus fit ciphagus, Aerodramus maximus and Aerodramus ger FiFi. FIELD OF THE INVENTIONS 0012 Common name: Indian Swiftlet, Edible-nest Swift 0002 The present invention relates to the breeding of let, Black-nest Swiftlet and German's Swiftlet Swiftlets of the genus Aerodramus and/or Collocalia in an 0013 The Collacaliini tribe of swiftlets comprises the: edible bird's nests production facility for producing large Edible-nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus firciphagus); Indian Swift quantities of nests. And a highly efficient method for harvest let (A. unicolor); Black-nest Swiftlet (A. maximus); German's ing nests safely. Such a facility configured to breed swiftlets Swiftlet (A. germani); Waterfall Swift (Hydrochous gigas); for their nests helps in conserving wild species of endangered Glossy Swiftlet (Colocalia esculenta); Cave Swiftlet (C. Swiftlets. linchi): Pygmy Swiftlet (C. troglodytes); Seychelles Swiftlet (A. elaphrus); Mascarene Swiftlet (A. francicus); Philippine BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONS Swiftlet (A. meansi); Moluccan Swiftlet (A. infiscatus): Mountain Swiftlet (A. hirundinaceus); White-rumped Swift 0003 Present method of obtaining edible bird's nest let (A. Spodiopygius); Australian Swiftlet (A. terrae reginae); involves collecting and harvesting nests of wild swiftlets in Himalayan Swiftlet (A. brevirostris); Indo-chinese Swiftlet their natural habitats such as mountain caves and limestone (A. rogersi); Volcano Swiftlet (A. vulcanorum); Whitehead's cliffs for consumption causing irreversible disruptions and Swiftlet (A. whiteheadi); Bare-legged Swiftlet (A. nuditar damages to the dwindling populations of endemic wild Swift sus); Mayr's Swiftlet (A. Orientalis); Palawan Swiftlet (A. lets. Poachers have been known to raid established roosts of palawanensis); Mossy-nest Swiftlet (A. Salangana); Uniform protected and endangered species of Swiftlets in national Swiftlet (A. vanikorensis); Palau Swiftlet (A. pelewensis); parks and wildlife preserves at night to steal edible bird's Guam Swiftlet (A. bartschi); Caroline Islands Swiftlet (A. nests. The saying, “early bird takes the worm” and “finders inquietus); Atiu Swiftlet (A. Sawtelli):Polynesian Swiftlet (A. keepers' epitomizes the mentality of poachers as in the wild leucophaeus); Marquesan Swiftlet (A. Ocistus); Papuan the first to strike takes all, leaving nothing for late corners. Swiftlet (A. papuensis); Scarce Swift (Schoutednapus myo Such that nest poachers indiscriminately destroys un-hatched ptilus); Schouteden's Swift (S. schoutendeni). eggs, killing Swiftlet chicks too young to fly to safety, dis 0014 Swiftlets lives in flocks along tropical coastal areas rupting their reproductive life-cycle, threatening their very and are aerial insectivores. The average body length of a survival such that some species of swiftlets in South East Asia Swiftlet is 9 centimeters, about half the size of a Swallow. are fast approaching extinction. As with the rest of the global Swiftlets have a shorter rectangular tail while swallows have wildlife trade dealing in protected and endangered species of a longer forked tail. The A. unicolor measuring around 12 plants, animals and related wildlife products, the Supply chain centimeters in length is mainly dark brown above and paler of the lucrative bird's nest trade is steeped in a traditional brown below. A.ficiphagus is Smaller measuring 9 centime hierarchy of shadowy contacts cloaked in secrecy and black ters in length and weighs about 15 to 18 grams with a band of market deals. Dealers are unable to proof the legality of their brownish gray feathers across the rump. A. maximus is larger Supply sources. Unscrupulous dealers have been known to with a wing-span of 13 centimeters and weighs 28 grams. Its pass offimitation products and fakes as genuine edible bird's lower legs have a row of small feathers. nests. Some nest-processors employed harmful chemicals 00.15 Most swiftlets have a characteristic shape with a and detergents in the treatment of nests to improve the market short tail and very long Swept-back wings resembling a cres value of the commodity to the detriment of consumers. cent or a boomerang for fast flight with a wide gape and Small 0004. The birds called Cave Swiftlets or Swiftlets are con reduced beak surrounded by bristles for catching insects in tained within the four genera of Aerodramus (formerly Col flight. The flight of some species is characterized by a dis localia), Hydrochous, Collocalia and Schoutedenapus. They tinctive “flicking action. Swiftlets roosts on vertical cliffs or form the collocaliini tribe within the family Apodidae. Geo walls of caves high above, making harvesting of nests an graphically the genus Aerodramus comprises around 30 spe extremely risky profession. Many collectors were known to cies with a habitat range covering Southern Asia, South pacific have fallen to their death from flimsily constructed climbing islands and north eastern Australia located within the tropical apparatus used for harvesting edible bird's nests. Swiftlets and sub-tropical regions. Edible bird's nests are derived from have sharp claws protruding forward for clinging securely cave Swiftlets of the genus Aerodramus and/or Collocalia. In onto vertical cliffs and well developed salivary glands which particular four species comprising A. unicolor, A.ficiphagus, are able to secrete large amounts of saliva which Solidifies in A. maximus and A. germani are the most prized. A. unicolor contact with air, forming the main agent in the building of and A.fuciphagus (also known as Collocaliaficiphaga) pro their nests. Swiftlets builds their nests three times a year, not duces high grade white nests while A. maximus produces for the purpose of habitation but to foster their young. Nests lower grade black nests containing more feathers, particles are attached to the rocky walls of humid limestone caves. and other impurities. Adult swiftlets would rest and sleep while perched vertically Scientific classification of these avian species being: on cave walls, Supporting their bodies with sharp claws. Each 0005 Kingdom: Animalia nest is only used once and is abandoned once young Swiftlets 0006 Phyllum: Chordata have learnt to fly.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • First Confirmed Breeding Record of Plume-Toed Swiftlet Collocalia Affinis in Singapore
    BirdingASIA 31 (2019)(2019): 85–87 85 BREEDING RECORD First confirmed breeding record of Plume-toed Swiftlet Collocalia affinis in Singapore ALFRED CHIA, DING LI YONG, KIM CHUAH LIM, MOVIN NYANASENGERAN, YONG CHEE KEITA SIN, KIM KEANG LIM & SENG BENG YEO Historically the tiny Collocalia swiftlets resident In the meantime, the results of a detailed in both the lowlands and higher altitudes of analysis of the taxonomy of Collocalia swiftlets in Peninsular Malaysia were designated Glossy the Indo-Pacific region (Rheindt et al. 2017) led to Swiftlet C. esculenta cyanoptila (Wells 1999). the proposal of radical changes to the established However, the species was rare on Singapore taxonomy; this was a big challenge due to the mainland, with fewer than 10 records per year, all morphological uniformity of these taxa. Rheindt apparently in the period November to February, et al. (2017) studied the evolutionary history of the which is the non-breeding season in Malaysia complex, combining new biometric measurements (Wells 1999). In recent times the frequency of and plumage assessment of museum specimens records in Singapore has increased, including a with novel as well as previously published group of up to seven birds at Bukit Batok Nature molecular data, with a total of 809 individuals Park in January 2005, as well as regular records representative of 32 taxa being assessed. The thereafter in and at the periphery of the Central authors propose changing the classification of Nature Reserves, and its status was revised to white-bellied swiftlets, for which just two species ‘uncommon’ (Yong et al. 2017, Lim 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • The Avifauna of Mt. Karimui, Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea, Including Evidence for Long-Term Population Dynamics in Undisturbed Tropical Forest
    Ben Freeman & Alexandra M. Class Freeman 30 Bull. B.O.C. 2014 134(1) The avifauna of Mt. Karimui, Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea, including evidence for long-term population dynamics in undisturbed tropical forest Ben Freeman & Alexandra M. Class Freeman Received 27 July 2013 Summary.—We conducted ornithological feld work on Mt. Karimui and in the surrounding lowlands in 2011–12, a site frst surveyed for birds by J. Diamond in 1965. We report range extensions, elevational records and notes on poorly known species observed during our work. We also present a list with elevational distributions for the 271 species recorded in the Karimui region. Finally, we detail possible changes in species abundance and distribution that have occurred between Diamond’s feld work and our own. Most prominently, we suggest that Bicolored Mouse-warbler Crateroscelis nigrorufa might recently have colonised Mt. Karimui’s north-western ridge, a rare example of distributional change in an avian population inhabiting intact tropical forests. The island of New Guinea harbours a diverse, largely endemic avifauna (Beehler et al. 1986). However, ornithological studies are hampered by difculties of access, safety and cost. Consequently, many of its endemic birds remain poorly known, and feld workers continue to describe new taxa (Prat 2000, Beehler et al. 2007), report large range extensions (Freeman et al. 2013) and elucidate natural history (Dumbacher et al. 1992). Of necessity, avifaunal studies are usually based on short-term feld work. As a result, population dynamics are poorly known and limited to comparisons of diferent surveys or diferences noticeable over short timescales (Diamond 1971, Mack & Wright 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian
    ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra,
    [Show full text]
  • Papua New Guinea Huon Peninsula Extension I 25Th to 30Th June 2019 (6 Days) Trip Report
    Papua New Guinea Huon Peninsula Extension I 25th to 30th June 2019 (6 days) Trip Report Huon Astrapia by Holger Teichmann Trip report compiled by Tour Leader: Adam Walleyn Rockjumper Birding Tours www.rockjumperbirding.com Trip Report – RBL Papua New Guinea Huon Extension I 2019 2 Tour in Detail Our group met up in Port Moresby for the late morning flight to Lae’s Nadzab airport. Upon arrival, we transferred to our comfortable hotel on the outskirts of Lae city. A walk around the expansive grounds turned up some 23 species to get our lists well underway, including Orange-bellied and Pink-spotted Fruit Dove (the latter of the distinct and range-restricted plumbeicollis race), Torresian Imperial Pigeon, Eclectus Parrot, and Yellow-faced Myna, not to mention perhaps 1,000 Spectacled Flying Foxes creating quite the sight and sound! Early the next morning we were back at Nadzab airport, where a quick scan of the airfield produced some Horsfield’s Bush Larks and also excellent looks at a male Papuan Harrier that did a close flyby being bombarded by numerous Masked Lapwings! We were soon boarding our charter flight Pink-spotted Fruit Doves by Holger Teichmann over the rugged Huon mountains, although we quickly entered dense clouds and could see nothing of these impressive mountains. After some half an hour of flying through thick cloud on the plane’s GPS track, we suddenly descended and made an uphill landing at Kabwum airstrip! Our land cruiser was there, waiting for us, and after loading bags and ourselves onboard we made the bumpy drive up many switchbacks to reach the high ridge above Kabwum.
    [Show full text]
  • View Preprint
    Does evolution of plumage patterns and of migratory behaviour in Apodini swifts (Aves: Apodiformes) follow distributional range shifts? Dieter Thomas Tietze, Martin Päckert, Michael Wink The Apodini swifts in the Old World serve as an example for a recent radiation on an intercontinental scale on the one hand. On the other hand they provide a model for the interplay of trait and distributional range evolution with speciation, extinction and trait s t transition rates on a low taxonomic level (23 extant taxa). Swifts are well adapted to a life n i mostly in the air and to long-distance movements. Their overall colouration is dull, but r P lighter feather patches of chin and rump stand out as visual signals. Only few Apodini taxa e r breed outside the tropics; they are the only species in the study group that migrate long P distances to wintering grounds in the tropics and subtropics. We reconstructed a dated molecular phylogeny including all species, numerous outgroups and fossil constraints. Several methods were used for historical biogeography and two models for the study of trait evolution. We finally correlated trait expression with geographic status. The differentiation of the Apodini took place in less than 9 Ma. Their ancestral range most likely comprised large parts of the Old-World tropics, although the majority of extant taxa breed in the Afrotropic and the closest relatives occur in the Indomalayan. The expression of all three investigated traits increased speciation rates and the traits were more likely lost than gained. Chin patches are found in almost all species, so that no association with phylogeny or range could be found.
    [Show full text]
  • NSW Vagrant Bird Review
    an atlas of the birds of new south wales and the australian capital territory Vagrant Species Ian A.W. McAllan & David J. James The species listed here are those that have been found on very few occasions (usually less than 20 times) in NSW and the ACT, and are not known to have bred here. Species that have been recorded breeding in NSW are included in the Species Accounts sections of the three volumes, even if they have been recorded in the Atlas area less than 20 times. In determining the number of records of a species, when several birds are recorded in a short period together, or whether alive or dead, these are here referred to as a ‘set’ of records. The cut-off date for vagrant records and reports is 31 December 2019. As with the rest of the Atlas, the area covered in this account includes marine waters east from the NSW coast to 160°E. This is approximately 865 km east of the coast at its widest extent in the south of the State. The New South Wales-Queensland border lies at about 28°08’S at the coast, following the centre of Border Street through Coolangatta and Tweed Heads to Point Danger (Anon. 2001a). This means that the Britannia Seamounts, where many rare seabirds have been recorded on extended pelagic trips from Southport, Queensland, are east of the NSW coast and therefore in NSW and the Atlas area. Conversely, the lookout at Point Danger is to the north of the actual Point and in Queensland but looks over both NSW and Queensland marine waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
    LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma
    [Show full text]
  • Compile and Review Invasive Alien Species Information for the Cook Islands Report for the National Environment Service
    Compile and Review Invasive Alien Species Information for the Cook Islands Report for the National Environment Service Coordinator of the Invasive Alien Species (IAS) in the Cook Islands Project Prepared by Shyama Pagad Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) Pacific Regional Office January 2014 1 | Page Contents Compile and Review Invasive Alien Species Information for the Cook Islands ........................... 1 Glossary and Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 5 SECTION 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Alien and Invasive Species in the Cook Islands ..................................................................................... 8 SECTION 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Pathways of introduction and spread ................................................................................................ 11 SECTION 3 ............................................................................................................................................. 14 Cook Islands and its biodiversity .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reference File
    References added since publication of 2007 CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses Abadie, K. B., J. Pérez Z., and M. Valverde. 2006. Primer reporte de colonias del Martín Peruano Progne murphyi. Cotinga 24:99-101. Ackerman, J. T., J. Y. Takekawa, J. D. Bluso, J. L. Yee, and C. A. Eagles-Smith. 2008. Gender identification of Caspian Terns using external morphology and discriminant function analysis. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120:378-383. Alarcos, S., C. de la Cruz, E. Solís, J. Valencia, and M. J. García-Baquero. 2007. Sex determination of Iberian Azure-winged Magpies Cyanopica cyanus cooki by discriminant analysis of external measurements. Ringing & Migration 23:211-216. Albayrak, T., A. Besnard, and A. Erdoğan. 2011. Morphometric variation and population relationships of Krüeper’s Nuthatch (Sitta krueperi) in Turkey. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 123:734-740. Aleixo, A., C. E. B. Portes, A. Whittaker, J. D. Weckstein, L. Pedreira Gonzaga, K. J. Zimmer, C. C. Ribas, and J. M. Bates. 2013. Molecular systematics and taxonomic revision of the Curve-billed Scythebill complex (Campylorhamphus procurvoides: Dendrocolaptidae), with description of a new species from western Amazonian Brazil. Pp. 253-257, In: del Hoyo, J., A Elliott, J. Sargatal, and D.A. Christie (eds). Handbook of the birds of the world. Special volume: new species and global index. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. Volume 1. Alfano, A. 2014. Pygmy Nightjar (Nyctopolus hirundinaeus). Neotropical Birds Online (T.S. Schulenberg, ed.). Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. Alvarenga, H. M. F., E. Höfling, and L. F. Silveira. 2002. Notharchus swainsoni (Gray, 1846) é uma espécie válida.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Assessments in the B+WISER Sites
    Ecological Assessments in the B+WISER Sites (Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park, Upper Marikina-Kaliwa Forest Reserve, Bago River Watershed and Forest Reserve, Naujan Lake National Park and Subwatersheds, Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park and Mt. Apo Natural Park) Philippines Biodiversity & Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy & Ecosystem Resilience (B+WISER) 23 March 2015 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. The Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience Program is funded by the USAID, Contract No. AID-492-C-13-00002 and implemented by Chemonics International in association with: Fauna and Flora International (FFI) Haribon Foundation World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Ecological Assessments in the B+WISER Sites Philippines Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience (B+WISER) Program Implemented with: Department of Environment and Natural Resources Other National Government Agencies Local Government Units and Agencies Supported by: United States Agency for International Development Contract No.: AID-492-C-13-00002 Managed by: Chemonics International Inc. in partnership with Fauna and Flora International (FFI) Haribon Foundation World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) 23 March
    [Show full text]
  • Echolocation in Oilbirds and Swiftlets
    REVIEW ARTICLE published: 28 May 2013 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00123 Echolocation in Oilbirds and swiftlets Signe Brinkløv 1*, M. Brock Fenton 1 and John M. Ratcliffe 2 1 Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada 2 Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Edited by: The discovery of ultrasonic bat echolocation prompted a wide search for other animal Mariana L. Melcón, Fundación biosonar systems, which yielded, among few others, two avian groups. One, the South Cethus, Argentina American Oilbird (Steatornis caripensis: Caprimulgiformes), is nocturnal and eats fruit. The Reviewed by: other is a selection of diurnal, insect-eating swiftlets (species in the genera Aerodramus Noritaka Ichinohe, National Institute of Neuroscience, Japan and Collocalia:Apodidae)fromacrosstheIndo-Pacific.Birdecholocationisrestrictedto Lore Thaler, Durham University, UK lower frequencies audible to humans, implying a system of poorer resolution than the *Correspondence: ultrasonic (>20 kHz) biosonar of most bats and toothed whales. As such, bird echolocation Signe Brinkløv, Department of has been labeled crude or rudimentary. Yet, echolocation is found in at least 16 extant Biology, Western University, bird species and has evolved several times in avian lineages. Birds use their syringes to 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. produce broadband click-type biosonar signals that allow them to nest in dark caves and e-mail: [email protected] tunnels, probably with less predation pressure. There are ongoing discrepancies about several details of bird echolocation, from signal design to the question about whether echolocation is used during foraging. It remains to be seen if bird echolocation is as sophisticated as that of tongue-clicking rousette bats.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Issue
    EDITORIAL EDITORIAL Indexing the Journal of Cave and Karst Studies: The beginning, the ending, and the digital era IRA D. SASOWSKY Dept. of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-4101, tel: (330) 972-5389, email: [email protected] In 1984 I was a new graduate student in geology at Penn NSS. The effort took about 2,000 hours, and was State. I had been a caver and an NSS member for years, published in 1986 by the NSS. and I wanted to study karst. The only cave geology course I With the encouragement of Editor Andrew Flurkey I had taken was a 1-week event taught by Art Palmer at regularly compiled an annual index that was included in Mammoth Cave. I knew that I had to familiarize myself the final issue for each volume starting in 1987. The with the literature in order to do my thesis, and that the Bulletin went through name changes, and is currently the NSS Bulletin was the major outlet for cave and karst Journal of Cave and Karst Studies (Table 1). In 1988 I related papers (Table 1). So, in order to ‘‘get up to speed’’ I began using a custom-designed entry program called SDI- undertook to read every issue of the NSS Bulletin, from the Soft, written by Keith Wheeland, which later became his personal library of my advisor, Will White, starting with comprehensive software package KWIX. A 5-year compi- volume 1 (1940). When I got through volume 3, I realized lation index (volumes 46–50) was issued by the NSS in that, although I was absorbing a lot of the material, it 1991.
    [Show full text]