Echolocation Acuity of the Palawan Swiftlet (Aerodramus Palawanensis)
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First Confirmed Breeding Record of Plume-Toed Swiftlet Collocalia Affinis in Singapore
BirdingASIA 31 (2019)(2019): 85–87 85 BREEDING RECORD First confirmed breeding record of Plume-toed Swiftlet Collocalia affinis in Singapore ALFRED CHIA, DING LI YONG, KIM CHUAH LIM, MOVIN NYANASENGERAN, YONG CHEE KEITA SIN, KIM KEANG LIM & SENG BENG YEO Historically the tiny Collocalia swiftlets resident In the meantime, the results of a detailed in both the lowlands and higher altitudes of analysis of the taxonomy of Collocalia swiftlets in Peninsular Malaysia were designated Glossy the Indo-Pacific region (Rheindt et al. 2017) led to Swiftlet C. esculenta cyanoptila (Wells 1999). the proposal of radical changes to the established However, the species was rare on Singapore taxonomy; this was a big challenge due to the mainland, with fewer than 10 records per year, all morphological uniformity of these taxa. Rheindt apparently in the period November to February, et al. (2017) studied the evolutionary history of the which is the non-breeding season in Malaysia complex, combining new biometric measurements (Wells 1999). In recent times the frequency of and plumage assessment of museum specimens records in Singapore has increased, including a with novel as well as previously published group of up to seven birds at Bukit Batok Nature molecular data, with a total of 809 individuals Park in January 2005, as well as regular records representative of 32 taxa being assessed. The thereafter in and at the periphery of the Central authors propose changing the classification of Nature Reserves, and its status was revised to white-bellied swiftlets, for which just two species ‘uncommon’ (Yong et al. 2017, Lim 2018). -
ATIU SWIFTLET KOPEKA (Aerodramus Sawtelli): SPECIES STATUS REPORT 2020
ATIU SWIFTLET KOPEKA (Aerodramus sawtelli): SPECIES STATUS REPORT 2020 Atiu Swiftlet James J. S. Johnson Author: Te Ipukarea Society Te Ipukarea Society, PO Box 649, Rarotonga Cook Islands Funded with the support of: The Ridge to Reef Project through the National Environment Service, funded by Global Environment Facility (GEF) and facilitated by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Species status report – Kopeka, Atiu Swiftlet (Aerodramus sawtelli) Summary The Atiu swiftlet (Aerodramus sawtelli), known locally as the kopeka, is endemic to the island of Atiu within the Cook Islands and is listed under the IUCN Red List as ‘Vulnerable’ (BirdLife International, 2016; IUCN 2020). Under the Ridge to Reef project (R2R), the Atiu Swiftlet was listed as a key terrestrial species for conservation activities (UNDP Project document, undated). Projects relevant to the kopeka that were initially planned to be implemented under R2R included: support for the kopeka conservation effort; support collaborative work amongst key stakeholders such as National Environment Service (NES), National Heritage Trust (NHT), the Atiu Island Council and Traditional Leaders to create and implement a Species Conservation Plan for this species; and to measure the population at the end of the project to gauge the overall results of the species conservation plan. The R2R baseline figures for the kopeka were recorded at 420 individuals in 2015. Species target goals upon completion of the R2R project were for ‘no net decline in population numbers’. During the four-year R2R programme 2015-19, later extended to 2021, no updated population surveys were conducted. In 2016 -2017, estimated population numbers were around 600 adults (M. -
Pacific Sheath-Tailed Bat American Samoa Emballonura Semicaudata Semicaudata Species Report April 2020
Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat American Samoa Emballonura semicaudata semicaudata Species Report April 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office Honolulu, HI Cover Photo Credits Shawn Thomas, Bat Conservation International. Suggested Citation USFWS. 2020. Species Status Assessment for the Pacific Sheath Tailed Bat (Emballonura semicaudata semicaudata). April 2020 (Version 1.1). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, Honolulu, HI. 57 pp. Primary Authors Version 1.1 of this document was prepared by Mari Reeves, Fred Amidon, and James Kwon of the Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, Honolulu, Hawaii. Preparation and review was conducted by Gregory Koob, Megan Laut, and Stephen E. Miller of the Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office. Acknowledgements We thank the following individuals for their contribution to this work: Marcos Gorresen, Adam Miles, Jorge Palmeirim, Dave Waldien, Dick Watling, and Gary Wiles. ii Executive Summary This Species Report uses the best available scientific and commercial information to assess the status of the semicaudata subspecies of the Pacific sheath-tailed bat, Emballonura semicaudata semicaudata. This subspecies is found in southern Polynesia, eastern Melanesia, and Micronesia. Three additional subspecies of E. semicaudata (E.s. rotensis, E.s. palauensis, and E.s. sulcata) are not discussed here unless they are used to support assumptions about E.s. semicaudata, or to fill in data gaps in this analysis. The Pacific sheath-tailed bat is an Old-World bat in the family Emballonuridae, and is found in parts of Polynesia, eastern Melanesia, and Micronesia. It is the only insectivorous bat recorded from much of this area. -
Glossy Swiftlet (Christmas Island)
RECOVERY OUTLINE Glossy Swiftlet (Christmas Island) 1 Family Apodidae 2 Scientific name Collocalia esculenta natalis Lister, 1889 3 Common name Glossy Swiftlet (Christmas Island) 4 Conservation status Critically Endangered: A2ce, B1+2bce 5 Reasons for listing nestlings but may alter the whole ecology of the island A decline in the abundance of this subspecies of more by killing the dominant life-form, the Red Crab than 80% over the next three generations (30 years) is Gecaroidea natalis, and by farming scale insects, which predicted (Critically Endangered: A2) based on a damage the trees (O’Dowd et al., 1999). The ants decline in habitat quality (c) and the current rate of appear to consume all invertebrates (A. Andersen) spread of introduced ants (e). The already tiny area of including, presumably, the flying prey of the swiftlets. occupancy restricted to one location (B1) which may They may also invade nesting sites in caves. be reduced in area (2b), quality (c) and number of mature individuals in occupation (e) Estimate Reliability Extent of occurrence 137 km2 high trend stable high Area of occupancy 3 km2 low trend decreasing low No. of breeding birds 5,000 low trend decreasing low No. of sub-populations 1 high Generation time 4 years low 6 Infraspecific taxa 11 Information required There are about fifteen other subspecies in south-east Asia and the south-west Pacific. 11.1 Refine techniques for controlling Yellow Crazy Ants. 7 Past range and abundance Confined to Christmas I., Indian Ocean (Stokes, 12 Recovery objectives 1988). 12.1 Maintain existing population. 8 Present range and abundance 12.2 Control Yellow Crazy Ant. -
Ecological Assessments in the B+WISER Sites
Ecological Assessments in the B+WISER Sites (Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park, Upper Marikina-Kaliwa Forest Reserve, Bago River Watershed and Forest Reserve, Naujan Lake National Park and Subwatersheds, Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park and Mt. Apo Natural Park) Philippines Biodiversity & Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy & Ecosystem Resilience (B+WISER) 23 March 2015 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. The Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience Program is funded by the USAID, Contract No. AID-492-C-13-00002 and implemented by Chemonics International in association with: Fauna and Flora International (FFI) Haribon Foundation World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Ecological Assessments in the B+WISER Sites Philippines Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience (B+WISER) Program Implemented with: Department of Environment and Natural Resources Other National Government Agencies Local Government Units and Agencies Supported by: United States Agency for International Development Contract No.: AID-492-C-13-00002 Managed by: Chemonics International Inc. in partnership with Fauna and Flora International (FFI) Haribon Foundation World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) 23 March -
Echolocation in Oilbirds and Swiftlets
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 28 May 2013 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00123 Echolocation in Oilbirds and swiftlets Signe Brinkløv 1*, M. Brock Fenton 1 and John M. Ratcliffe 2 1 Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada 2 Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Edited by: The discovery of ultrasonic bat echolocation prompted a wide search for other animal Mariana L. Melcón, Fundación biosonar systems, which yielded, among few others, two avian groups. One, the South Cethus, Argentina American Oilbird (Steatornis caripensis: Caprimulgiformes), is nocturnal and eats fruit. The Reviewed by: other is a selection of diurnal, insect-eating swiftlets (species in the genera Aerodramus Noritaka Ichinohe, National Institute of Neuroscience, Japan and Collocalia:Apodidae)fromacrosstheIndo-Pacific.Birdecholocationisrestrictedto Lore Thaler, Durham University, UK lower frequencies audible to humans, implying a system of poorer resolution than the *Correspondence: ultrasonic (>20 kHz) biosonar of most bats and toothed whales. As such, bird echolocation Signe Brinkløv, Department of has been labeled crude or rudimentary. Yet, echolocation is found in at least 16 extant Biology, Western University, bird species and has evolved several times in avian lineages. Birds use their syringes to 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. produce broadband click-type biosonar signals that allow them to nest in dark caves and e-mail: [email protected] tunnels, probably with less predation pressure. There are ongoing discrepancies about several details of bird echolocation, from signal design to the question about whether echolocation is used during foraging. It remains to be seen if bird echolocation is as sophisticated as that of tongue-clicking rousette bats. -
Birds Observed on Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides
862 Sco, BirdsObseed [Au• LIT•TURE CITED •E• f, ARTHUR CLEVELAND 1942. Life histories of North American flycatchers,•larks swallows,and their allis. U.S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 179. (Washington.) C•MAN, FRANK M. 1929. My tropical air castle. (New York.) GOSSE, PHILIP HENRY 1847. The birds of Jamaica. (London.) SKUTCH, ALaNDER F. 1943. The family life of Central American woodpeters. ScientificMon•ly, 56: 358-364. SU•ON, GEORGEMIKSCH, AND PE•INGILL, OLIN SEWALL,JR. 1942. Birdsof the G6mezFarias region, sou•western Tamaulipas. Auk, 59: 1-34. San Isidro del General Costa Rica BIRDS OBSERVED ON ESPIRITU SANTO, NEW HEBRIDES BY WALTER E. SCOTT, U.S. ARMY ON September24, 1944, the author landed on Espiritu Santo,the New Hebrides,possibly even a strangerland than the New Caledonia he had just left someseveral hundred miles closerto Australia. But the birds of the two localitieswere considerablyalike, so the knowl- edgegained in New Caledoniain the previousfive monthswas of great value. In the New Hebrides archipelago,Espiritu Santo is the largest island, with 875 square miles. It lies at approximately 15 degrees South Latitude, has a broad flat coastalplain and level plateaus severalhundred feet abovesea level, and a mountainousrange rising to 6,195 feet in the northwesternpart. Accordingto 'PacificWorld': "The climate is hot and humid throughoutthe year, more moderate along the coast.The wettestseason is from Novemberto May." That book also statesthat the forest vegetationextends to the beaches, including tropical hardwoods,fig trees,palms and tree ferns.' With thesefacts, especially the "hot and humid," the author thoroughly agrees. Becausethis one-manscientific expedition was sponsoredby the U.S. -
Subterranean Fauna of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean
Christmas Island: Karst features Helictite, (2001) 37(2): 59-74. Subterranean Fauna of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean W.F. Humphreys and Stefan Eberhard. W.F. Humphreys - Western Australian Museum, Francis Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. Email: [email protected] Stefan Eberhard - CaveWorks, P.O. Witchcliffe, WA 6286, Australia. Email: [email protected] Abstract The subterranean environment of Christmas Island is diverse and includes freshwater, marine, anchialine, and terrestrial habitats. The cave fauna comprises swiftlets, and a diverse assemblage of invertebrates, both terrestrial and aquatic, which includes a number of rare and endemic species of high conservation significance. At least twelve species are probably restricted to subterranean habitats and are endemic to Christmas Island. Previously poorly known, the cave fauna of Christmas Island is a significant component of the island's biodiversity, and a significant cave fauna province in an international context. The cave fauna and habitats are sensitive to disturbance from a number of threatening processes, including pollution, deforestation, mining, feral species and human visitors. Keywords: Island karst, biospeleology, stygofauna, troglobites, anchialine, scorpion, Procarididae INTRODUCTION DEFINITIONS As recently as 1995 Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) It has been found useful to classify cave-dwelling ani- was considered to have no specialized subterranean mals according to their presumed degree of ecological/ fauna (Gray, 1995: 68), despite biological collections evolutionary dependence on the cave environment. Many surface-dwelling forms enter caves by chance and having been made since 1887 (especially Andrews while such ‘accidentals’ may survive for some time they et al., 1900). However, in 1996 a specimen of blind do not reproduce underground. -
Swiftlets and Edible Bird's Nest Industry in Asia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews (PJSRR - Universiti Putra Malaysia,... PJSRR (2016) 2(1): 32-48 eISSN: 2462-2028 © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews http://www.pjsrr.upm.edu.my/ Swiftlets and Edible Bird’s Nest Industry in Asia Qi Hao, LOOI a & Abdul Rahman, OMAR a, b* aInstitute of Bioscience, bFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor. [email protected] Abstract – Swiftlets are small insectivorous birds which breed throughout Southeast Asia and the South Pacific. Among many swiftlet species, only a few are notable to produce edible bird’s nests (EBN) from the secreted saliva during breeding seasons. The taxonomy of swiftlets remains one of the most controversial in the avian species due to the high similarity in morphological characteristics among the species. Over the last few decades, researchers have studied the taxonomy of swiftlets based on the morphological trade, behavior, and genetic traits. However, despite all the efforts, the swiftlet taxonomy remains unsolved. The EBN is one of the most expensive animal products and frequently being referred to as the “Caviar of the East”. The EBN market value varies from US$1000.00 to US$10,000.00 per kilogram depending on its grade, shape, type and origin. Hence, bird’s nest harvesting is considered a lucrative industry in many countries in Southeast Asia. However, the industry faced several challenges over the decades such as the authenticity of the EBN, the quality assurance and the depletion of swiftlet population. -
DIVERSITY of BIRDS ACROSS LAND USE and HABITAT GRADIENTS in FORESTS, RUBBER AGROFORESTS and RUBBER PLANTATIONS of NORTH SUMATRA Asep Ayat1,* and Hesti L
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 2, No. 2, October 2015, 103-120 ISSN: 2355-7079 / E-ISSN: 2406-8195 DIVERSITY OF BIRDS ACROSS LAND USE AND HABITAT GRADIENTS IN FORESTS, RUBBER AGROFORESTS AND RUBBER PLANTATIONS OF NORTH SUMATRA Asep Ayat1,* and Hesti L. Tata2 1Burung Indonesia, Jalan Dadali 32, Bogor 16161, Indonesia 2Forest Research and Development Center, Jl. Gunung Batu 5, Bogor, Indonesia Received: 31 March 2014, Revised: 10 May 2014, Accepted: 11 October 2015 DIVERSITY OF BIRDS ACROSS LAND USE AND HABITAT GRADIENTS IN FORESTS, RUBBER AGROFORESTS AND RUBBER PLANTATIONS OF NORTH SUMATRA. Birds play a pivotal role in the ecosystem, but in disturbed areas their roles may be limited due to the changes of their natural habitats. This paper studies the birds' habitats in Simalungun and Asahan Districts, North Sumatra. The study was conducted in four habitats: natural forest, rubber agroforests, rubber monoculture plantations and emplacement areas. The birds were observed using descriptive survey methods by implementing a quick biodiversity survey, data were collected along one km transect. The results showed that in total, 142 species of birds from 42 families were observed in the four habitats. Natural forests had the highest diversity of bird species, followed by rubber agroforests, emplacement areas and rubber plantations, with a Shannon-Wiener index of 3.8, 3.6, 3.0 and 2.9, respectively. Regarding the IUCN red list species, 12 bird species of near- threatened status and 2 species of vulnerable status were recorded. Based on CITES categories, one species was listed in the Appendix I, 12 species were classified in Appendix II and 26 bird species were protected under Indonesian regulations. -
Birding Melanesia 2015 Report by Adam Walleyn
Melanesia Discover and Secrets of Melanesia: Birding Melanesia 2015 Report By Adam Walleyn Cardinal Lory pair. Copyright Adrian Hayward The 2015 Melanesian Birding trip was another great success. The year will probably long be remembered for one of the worst droughts ever and while the dry and windy conditions made birding more difficult than usual, we persevered and ended up with an incredible tally of endemics, many of them amongst the most poorly known birds in the world! This incredible itinerary takes in part of the north coast of Papua New Guinea and all of the main islands of the Bismarcks, Solomons and Vanuatu, along with many of the smaller ones. This region is one of the world’s most avian endemic-rich hotspots and is largely inaccessible and unvisited by birders. Amongst 267 species, highlights this year included Superb Pitta sitting right in the open, an unexpected Manus Fantail, one of the first observations of Mussau Triller, a stunning Solomons Nightjar, and incredible diversity of fruit doves (12 species), imperial pigeons (12 species), myzomelas (11 species) and of course white-eyes (10 species). The trip started off with a nice dinner in Madang and then our first of many early mornings to bird a patch of forest not far from town. Bird activity was great this morning and there were a number of fruiting trees which allowed good views of two species of birds of paradise - Lesser Bird of Paradise and Glossy-mantled Manucode. Other nice birds in the fruiting trees included Orange-bellied and Pink-spotted Fruit Dove, Zoe’s Imperial Pigeon, Orange-breasted Fig Parrot, and numerous Golden Myna. -
The Conservation Status of Biological Resources in the Philippines
: -.^,rhr:"-i-3'^^=£#?^-j^.r-^a^ Sj2 r:iw0,">::^^'^ \^^' Cfl|*ti-»;;^ THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES A RRF'OHT V^Y THK lUCN CONSKRVATION MONITORING CENT:-!E PfcparGd by Roger Cox for the lnLf5rnaLion?.l InsLituLo Cor Knvironment and Development (IIED) February 1988 / fgrMsa^jnt-^'-agyga-- •r-r- ;.«-'> t ^-' isr* 1*.- i^^s. , r^^, ^».|;; ^b-^ ^.*%-^ *i,r^-v . iinnc [ '»/' C'A'. aSM!': Vi - '«.;s^ ; a-* f%h '3;riti7;.:- n'^'ji K ;ii;!'r ' <s:ii.uiy.. viii. K A xo.^ jf^'r;.' 3 10 ciJuJi i\ Ji\{ :::) Jnj:kf- .i. n ( im'.i) •V'lt r'v - -V.-^f~^?fl LP-ife- f^^ s.:.... --11 -^M.jj^^^ riB CC./Sfc^RvAriON .<*TC.rj^. OF EI3U:i' "I.VJ, JbO'TSOURCES ^^a THE PHILIPPlVl'fC ;j^...^..-r'^^ I ilRPOHT BY THK ILCJJ CGJJSIiKVA'ilCN M0N:.V:..):;1NG CKNT ^ Pc'jpas-fjr' ')y Roto* C(/X for the TiKD). {'obruary 1988 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from UNEP-WCIVIC, Cambridge http://www.archive.org/details/conservationstat88coxr . 7' CONTENTS List of Figures, Appendices and Tables iii Summary iy Acknowledgements vii 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives 3 2 METHODS 4 3. FLORA, VEGETATION AND FOREST COVER 3.1 Description of the natural vegetation 4 3.1.1 The forests 4 3.1.2 Other vegetation types 7 3 2 Conservation status of the Philippine flora 8 3.2.1 Introduction 8 3.2.2 Causes of habitat destruction 9 3.2.3 Threatened plant species 11 3. 2. A Centres of plant diversity and endemism 12 4 COASTAL AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS 4.1 Background 17 4.2 Mangroves 18 4.3 Coral reefs 19 4.4 Seagrass beds 22 5.