E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72

Sport Tourism Event of to Support Destination Management in West Sumatera,

Bet El Silisna1 and Retnaningtyas Susanti2

1Tourism Dept. Manado State Polytechnic, Indonesia 2Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, State University, Indonesia

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Received This study aims to analyze the sport tourism event of Tour de 3 December 2019 Singkarak (TdS) related to tourist destination management in West Accepted Sumatera, Indonesia. The TdS is an international road bicycle race 15 February 2020 held annually for ten-year period as data presented from 2009 to 2018. Available online Data were collected for this study through in-depth interviews with 31 March 2020 informants and analyzed by a descriptive qualitative technique. The results showed that the TdS events were succesfully and consistently held annually for ten-year period of 2009-2018 in West Sumatera and has significantly contributed to the regionas tourism destination. This was due to a strong commitment and serious action among central

government and local government at province and municipality levels for the sport tourism development at the tourism destination in West Sumatera. The commitment could be seen in the serious, strong commitment and coordination between the Ministry of Tourism and

the National Road Development Agency at a central government and Heads of Local Departments of Tourism, of Public Works and of Transportation at province and regency/municipality level. The commitment could be seen from the sport tourism management such as the provision of shared budget, event coordination, and destination and infrastructure development and promotion. This has especially raised an integrated development and improvement of infrastructures, i.e. roads, transportation mode, and accomodation facilities with increasing quantity and quality. It is a fact that TdS could be held annually for ten-year period (2009-2018) along with proper and good destination management for sport tourism in West Sumatera Province

Keywords: Tour de Singkarak, event, sport tourism, destination management.

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 55 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72

INTRODUCTION utilized by sport tourists and visitors give a

Sport Tourism positive image for the host. A good image Sports tourism is defined as short- of infrastructure can be one of the tourist term activities related to tourism, attractions (Brown, Chalip, Jago, & Mules, economic impacts, spending on facilities 2004; Kim & Chalip, 2004). Ritchie and and infrastructure preparation, as well as Smith (1991) state that organizing sports income from visitors and exposure to mass tourism increases awareness of media (Getz, 2007: 15). Getz’s definition destinations. above shows that event including sport Baade and Matheson (2003) in tourism event influences infrastructure, their research on the 1984 Los Angeles tourism, and the economy of the host Olympics found that the event succeeded region. Susanti et al (2017) explains that in opening and increasing employment, as sport events can be categorized according well as improving the quality of to its scales: big, medium, and small in infrastructure. Large inventions induce the which big event is a match participated by creation of industries that absorb labor, countries all over the world. Medium one of which is the accommodation event is participated by countries in a industry. Sport tourism of World Cup certain region, while small event is Japan and South Korea in 2002 has participated by regions in a country. increased the number of tourists from Indonesia has some international scale various countries reached 46,000 sport events and was a host for some inhabitants. The large number of tourists regional and international events. Event requires accommodation as their implementation in a short time remains temporary shelter, therefore the influential on the host in the long run. The accommodation infrastructure needs to be event organiser need to develop a new developed, so that the needs of tourists are method for regional development, met. The contribution of sports tourism especially in terms of infrastructure and has increased in the quantity and quality of image. The impact of event on large infrastructure. Quality road is one infrastructure brings a positive image for form of contribution from sports tourism. the host. The development of The quality of the road has an effect on infrastructure is in line with the increasing people's travel for trips, both development of the image (Smith, 2005). using public and private modes of Infrastructure development that can be transportation. People attending the sport tourism events tend to choose to use

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 56 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72 private modes of transportation if the road community development that bring long- to be passed to get to the tourist term benefits such as attracting more destination has good quality. Another visitors, increasing the economic gains, thing that affects travel is the number and facilitating future marketing and product quality of modes of public transportation. development decisions, and generally If there are few modes of public contributing to regional development transportation and conditions are not good, through improving community relations then tourists will prefer to travel using and partnership (Timareva et al, 2015). private vehicles. Previous research Willingness to host sport tourism events at (Susanti et al, 2017) stated that Tour de the destination requires large capital, Singkarak (TdS) is one of sport tourisms especially for infrastructure, operational held by West Sumatera Government since costs, and management of activities. The 2009 and cycling race was chosen as an implementation of sports events is one of effort to improve tourist attraction in West the efforts to create investment in Sumatera because of the history of this infrastructure in general that will lead to sport itself. Thus, sustainability of sports economic growth. tourism is interesting to study, especially Sports infrastructure includes the for analyzing the destination management stadium or venue for the race as the main strategy with roles of stakeholder part and the road, transportation and collaboration and adequate infrastructures accommodation as a supporting part. for the development of sustainable tourism Infrastructure is needed to mutually in the international road bicycle race of support the implementation of activities, TdS for ten-year period (2009-2018) in such as roads and stadiums (Matheson, West Sumatera, Indonesia. 2008). Accroding to Sitepu (2019, the important indicator of the good Desination Management governance of tourism in the priority Destination Management and destination where the destination has run Marketing Organization (DMMOs) have the management and development of recently became a mainstream factor in tourism and destination with the principles identifying successful development of a of Sustainable Tourism Development destination and its perspectives for better (STD). According to Simanihuruk (2019). position in highly competitive tourism It can be concluded that tourism facilities markets. They are not only representing a are the convenience of visitors to enjoy, specific destination but are also striving to feel the comfort that has been provided by

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 57 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72 a tourist attraction that has facilities in empower their capacity as well as their order to satisfy or achieve the satisfaction competencies in providing qualified of visitors to a tourist destination. tourism products/services. The events industry, including festivals, meetings, Tourism Sustainability conferences, exhibitions, incentives, sports The idea of sustainability in and a range of other events, is rapidly tourism arises from the recognition that developing and makes a significant tourism activities can lead to a decline in contribution to business and leisure related natural resources, both at short and long tourism. Events are important motivator of terms. It is the main reason that the tourism, and figure prominently in the principles of sustainable development development and marketing plans of most should be the focus for tourism as a destinations (Getz, 2008: 403 - 428). mechanism for development (Fathimath, Acording to Ardani (2017) for special 2015). For this reason, sustainability must event with job fair activities, easy access be applied to all areas that include key by public transport and large parking area attractions, supporting factors, and are considered very important by the infrastructures that contribute to tourism visitors. It does make sense because the destination competitiveness in tourism job seekers in general use public transport development and all forms of tourism, or motorcycle as their transportation. The including mass tourism (UNWTO, 2015). most important indicators of site selection Sustainability must be applied so for such event are the easy access, the that any tourism events can be held availability of the public transportation, as continuously over years without negative well as the availability of rooms with impacts on the environment. In this different activities such as seminar and context, support from stakeholders such as presentation. government, business sector, and local community, is very strategic for the The Needs of Infrastructure development of sustainable tourism (Byrd, Infrastructure is more focused on 2007). Kencana (2019) explains that the providing preconditions for development, immediate effects of tourism at this in this case tourism development (Mandic, destination especially for the improvement Mrnjavac, and Kordic, 2018). The of economic benefits have come from infrastructure development facilitates visitors’ activities. However, to make it access for communities and visitors. In a sustainable, the local people must also tourism development, infrastructures are

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 58 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72 deliberately built to provide tourists with developing the tourism destinations based access to carry out tourism activities. This on local culture and environmental tourism infrastructure is related to all sustainability is the best strategy to elements in a destination that enable and develop tourism development. encourage the tourism development This strategy consists of tourist (Swarbrooke and Horner, 2001). In a attractions development, variety activities, broader sense, such infrastructure includes improvement of infrastructure, all facilities used by the tourists when they accessibility, and organizes the events. leave homes, reach tourism destination, Therefore, the organizing committee of a and return home (Lohmann and Netto, road bicycle race event should work 2017). In fact, most tourism infrastructures together among stakeholders to build new are continuously used by local residents infrastructures and improve the existing and only used by the tourists in certain ones to support tourism development in periods (Hadzik and Grabara 2014). accordance with what is needed by racers Tourism infrastructure development is as tourists, so that the road bicycle race as related to the development of sustainable a form of sports tourism events can be tourism (Sharpley, 2009). Once built, sustainable. The stakeholders can include tourism infrastructure can affect the government, private sector, and local competitiveness of tourism destination, community, particularly in the increases the efficiency of production and development of tourism infrastructure. distribution of tourism services, and allows the supply of tourism services (Mandic, METHOD Mrnjavac, and Kordic, 2018). In a bicycle race as a form of sports Based on the assumption and aims tourism, the infrastructures required to of the study, the researchers conducted this support tourism development are roads, research using a descriptive qualitative transportation modes, and accommodation method to explore information in-depth facilities for the tourists. Deenihan and with a semi-structured interview technique Caulfield (2015) have examined how from a number of informants to understand tourists assess different types of tourism the stakeholder collaboration model infrastructure and they are ready to double applied at the TdS event. The informants cycling time if good infrastructures are interviewed were the organizing available. Gunawijaya and Pratiwi (2016) committees (authorities in Local stated that repairing, structuring and Government Units such as the Sub-

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 59 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72

Departments of Tourism, of Public Works, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and of Transportation at province and regency/municipality level as well as the Tour de Singkarak Police and Event Organizer/EO), Most of the TdS participants came especially for examining the collaborative from international teams that had agreed to approach they adopted as stakeholders in international bicycle racing events. The the 2018 TdS event. In-depth interviews number of countries that are part of the were also conducted with racer teams and TdS has increased from 2009 to 2017, but officials as well as invited guests to it is different from the number of teams understand their perceptions on the and the number of participants which has availability of infrastructure and its fluctuated. The highest number of quantity and quality, viewed from roads, participating countries occurred in 2015 transportation modes, and accommodation and the lowest in 2011. The TdS facilities. Such interviews were also implementation report showed the average conducted with a number of spectators and number of teams needed was 23 teams, the local people, especially at the start and lowest of 20 teams, the highest of 25 finish locations in each stage of the TdS teams. The average number of participants event in certain tourism attractions to was 180 people, the highest in 2012 (250 understand their perceptions on the people) and the lowest in 2018 (106 successful TdS events they witnessed. The people). The number of TdS participants research data were analyzed by a from 2009 - 2017 depends on fluctuations, descriptive qualitative technique by factors that affect athlete performance and classifying the results of in-depth implementation schedules. National and interviews according to the aims of the local participants reduce the amount due to study and used to analyze the stakeholder achievement factors that do not meet the collaboration approach for the standards for entering TdS qualifications. development of sustainable tourism in the The teams that successfully escaped and TdS events held annually in West became part of the TdS from 2009 - 2015 Sumatera for ten-year period (2009-2018). were the National Team, the Pegasus Cycling Team, KFC Jakarta and the Banyuwangi Highway Cycling Club.

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 60 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72

Pegasus Cycling Team Indonesia is organization (Union Cycliste the official representative of Indonesia for Internationale—UCI) ) (www.uci.org). some international scale cycling events The initial moment of TdS began from a such as Tour de China and Tour de tourism attraction of Taplau Beach in Langkawi (Informant 1). In 2009 there Padang City and finished at Lake were 10 domestic teams from 25 TdS Singkarak, Regency. Along the road participating teams, in 2015 there were bicycle race, there are various interesting only 5 domestic teams left from the 24 tourism attractions. The event was participating teams (TdS Report). One of designed to pass through various leading the conditions that must be met by TdS to tourism attractions in West Sumatera. The get a class increase is to increase the selection of routes shows that it is a sports number of world riders and reduce the tourism event organized through a number of national teams (UCI). Tour de stakeholder collaboration at provincial and Singkarak (TdS) is an official international regency/municipality level for the road bicycle race event combining sports development of sustainable tourism over and tourism activities by cycling at a long years in West Sumatera. distance of several stages in West Sumatera Province. The event was held for Destination Management for Tour de ten-year period (2009-2018). The name Singkarak Singkarak is taken from name of the The implementation of sports largest lake in West Sumatera. Lake events only lasts for a short period of time, Singkarak is located in three regencies, but the impact of infrastructure i.e.: Tanah Datar, Solok, and South Solok. development can be felt by the community This sport activity is carried out by cycling over a long period of time. Destination across 18 regencies/municipalities in West management including infrastructure has Sumatera, except Mentawai Regency. TdS been prepared for an event competition is a sports tourism event held annually for that used as a public space. Tourist the development of sustainable tourism in attraction during the TdS as sport tourism West Sumatera. TdS is categorized as a event has increased economic and social class 2.2 event of Asia Tour, similar to the value for the region and the community. event like the Tour de Langkawi (TdL) in Malaysia where racers from various countries can participate and also included in the official calendar of world cycle

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 61 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72

Table 1. Tourism attraction in West Sumatera Table 1 representing various No Potentials Tourist Location tourism attraction in West Sumaterwe. The Atraction 1 Mountain Mt. Merapi implementation of the TDS acts as a City Mt. Singgalang trigger for tourist attraction management Mt. Talang South and regional development, ranging from Mt. Tandikek Padang amenities to accessibility for tourism. Regency Mt. Talamau West Pasaman Tourism can be used as an alternative to Regency 2 Hills Peak Lawang Agam Regency regional income so that its potential needs PeakLangkisau South Coastal Regency to be optimized. The potential of tourism Peak Barisan City in West Sumatera through which TDS is (Kelok 9) Peak Gagoan Solok Regency very diverse, ranging from natural 3 Lake Solok City & Tanah Datar attractions to artificial and cultural. Regency Lake Maninjau Agam Regency Lake Atas dan South Solok Promotion of TdS as Sports Tourism Bawah Regency Lake Talang Solok Regency Event Lake Tomosu City 4 Valley Valley Harau Payakumbuh City Promotion in the form of Valley Anai advertising on TV is supported by the Valley Sianok City background of natural beauty and culture 5 Water 100 tingkek Padang City Falls that stretches in the Province of West Nyarai . One of the strengths of Sarasah Donat 50 Koto Regency 6 River Jembatan Akar South Coastal implementing TdS is the collaboration Regency between the tourism ministry and several Lubuk Minturun Padang City Batang Dharmasraya national and international TV stations to Regency Rimbo Panti promote what, where, when, why, and how Kuantan TdS takes place. During the nine times of 7 Beach Air manis Padang City TdS implementation, only about the last 3 Tiram Padang Pariaman Regency years the TdS advertisement aired on the Gondoriah Pariaman City Mandeh Island Pesisir Selatan national Metro TV station. Advertising in Regency Siberut Island Mentawai national media is one of the tasks of the Archipelago Ministry of Tourism. Advertising in local Regency Sasak West Pasaman media is the responsibility of the Regency provincial and district and city Source: Survey, 2018 governments.

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 62 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72

Table 2. A Summary of the TdS Events for Ten-year period (2009-2018)

TdS 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Regency/ Municipality 4 6 12 14 17 18 18 17 18 16 Stages/Days 4 6 7 7 7 9 8 8 9 8 Countries 11 15 15 18 24 23 26 18 25 26 Teams 25 22 25 25 21 20 24 23 25 20 INA Teams 10 11 11 9 6 6 5 5 5 5 Foreign Teams 15 11 14 16 15 14 19 18 15 15 Racers 225 217 225 250 220 131 135 109 108 114 Track (km) 188 551.7 743.5 854 117.3 1,250 1,342 1,074 1,226 1,267 Prizes (Million) 600 750 750 1,000 1,200 1,300 1,400 2,200 2,300 2,300 Time Apr-May Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Oct Aug Nov Nov Source: Data processed, 2019

The division was realized The selection of routes around the because of good coordination between tourist area is a strategy of combining various parties, not limited to agencies tourism and bicycle racing. Every year the with an interest in the field of tourism, but number of tourist attractions that are part other midwives such as: Public Works of the start or finish location increases. Agency (Road Infrastructure and Spatial The start and finish position attracting Settlement), Transportation Department, more spectators to gather than the area that Health Office, and no less important is the is just passed. The TdS as sport tourism National Police and the TNI. This means events were held annually in West that TdS is a real blend of sport and Sumatera Province at different times. The tourism, as an effort to promote tourism timing changed over years in accordance which provides an opportunity for racers with the Asia Tour race schedule issued by to act as tourists, enjoying the beauty of UCI. the natural charm that unfolds. The racers Table 2 shows a summary of TDS become "advertising stars" tourist events for ten-year period (2009-2018). attraction, when they are covered by the The events were usually held between mass media with a background of natural April and June for one week. However, in or cultural barriers, viewers from various 2015 the event was held in October, in other regions can also watch and begin to 2016 August, in 2017 November, and in generate interest to visit the location. The 2018 November as the events must be main objective of the implementation of adjusted to the world road bicycle racing the TDS program is to promote the season and the readiness of shared budget potential of regional tourism through print among regencies/municipalities involved. media and electronic media.

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 63 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72

However, the events were successfully the region. The TdS event coordination held annually for ten-year period (2019- meetings were held regularly from the end 2018). of TdS activities in the previous period to before the implementation of TdS in the Contribution and Coordination next period. The implementation of TdS in These meetings were adjusted to Province has made a the TdS schedule, and for ten-year period positive contribution in the field of they were held between April and infrastructure. Contributions that can be November and most was held in the seen are the roads becoming smoother, middle, i.e. June. Such event coordination lodging is easily found in the area, and was a strategic factor influencing the public transportation is increasingly easy. sustainability of TDS events held annually TdS as a sport tourism has successfully for ten-year period (2009-2018). Each become the main event in the province of stakeholder had an authority to maintain West Sumatra which consists of 19 the roads, namely: national roads under the Regencies and Cities. The advantage of authority of the National Road TdS is good coordination between various Development Agency as well as provincial regencies, cities and ministries. and regency/ municipal roads under the Coordination is one of the obstacles faced authority of the Sub-Department of Public by several regions that try to organize Work maintaining the roads accross all events, especially with other goverement regencies/municipalities in West and private agencies not only the tourism Sumatera.The stakeholders from central, office but also public works office, and provincial, and regency/municipality transportation agency. The involvement of governments have proven to be able to the regency and the city as the host has coordinate well to maintain the roads increased because of the awareness that along the TdS routes so that the TdS event TdS has given indirect investment for the can be held annually for ten-year period region. Potential, especially the main (2009-2018). attractions of the region are promoted through TdS, and supported by good road infrastructure to make it more attractive for tourists coming after TdS. On one hand, TdS increases regional expenditure, but on the other hand, TdS helps promote

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 64 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72

involved in coordinating the determination of TdS routes were Heads of Local Governments as well as the Sub- Departments of Tourism, of Public Works and of Transportation. The Sub- Department of Tourism coordinated the TdS events because TdS is basically a sports tourism event. The Sub-Department of Public Works maintained roads along the TdS routes in West Sumatera. The Sub-Department of Transportation provided the traffic signs and conducted a traffic congestion

Figure 1. Collaboration and coordination engineering. Meanwhile, the police in among stakeholders at central and local government levels West Sumatera secured the events so that (Source: Primary data processed, 2019) the racers could safely race. At the central

Stakeholder collaboration through level, the parties involved were the event coordination among the organizing Ministry of Tourism and the Race committees in West Sumatera can also be Controller. The finalization in the seen in the process of determining the determination of TdS routes was done routes for the TdS events for ten-year through coordination involving the period (2009-2018). The determination of Ministry of Tourism and the Sub- these routes involved three parties, i.e. Departments of Tourism, of Public Works, regency/municipal, provincial and central and of Transportation, as well as the Event governments. They were actively involved Organizer. in the coordination until the stage of finalization of TdS events accross Tourism Development regencies/municipalities in West For developing the sustainable Sumatera. Figure 1 shows the flow in the tourism in West Sumatera, stakeholders determination of TdS routes involving the designed TdS to pass through most of the stakeholders from provincial and leading tourism attractions at each regency/municipal and central regency/municipality. TdS is a concrete governments. At the local level authorities integration of sports and tourism as well as one of the efforts to develop and promote

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 65 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72

Solok 2009- Puncak Gagoan the sustainable tourism that provide racers 10. Regency 2018 Hill, Lake Talang and their official teams with opportunity to Solok 2014- City Park, Lake 11. Municipality 2018 Singkarak be tourists enjoying the beauty of natural Baso Pagaruyung Tanah Datar 2009- Palace, Lake scene exposured. The racers are the 12. Regency 2018 Singkarak, Anai ―advertising stars‖ of tourism attractions Valley Tourism Park of Sawahlunto 2009- when they were covered by mass media 13. Kandi, Lake Municipality 2018 Tomosu with the background of natural beauty or Jam Gadang (Big Bukittinggi 2009- 14. Clock), Sianok Municipality 2018 culture and viewers from various other Valley regions can also watch and begin to Cultural Park, 100 Tingkek Waterfall, Padang 2014- Lubuk Minturun generate interest to visit the location. 15. Municipality 2018 River, Air Manis Beach, Taplau Table 3. Promotion of Tourism attractions Padang 2011- in the TdS Events in West Harau Valley, 50 Koto 2012, Sumatera 16. Waterfall Sarasah Regency 2016- Period Donat Tourism 2018 No. Locations of Dharmasraya 2015- Sport Center, Attractions 17. TdS Regency 2018 Batang River Padang 2009- Silokek Pasir 1. Panjang Putih, Pancasila 2018 Sijunjung 2014- Municipality 18. Building, Tourism Regency 2018 Mount Singgalang, Village, Kuantan 2010, Puncak Lawang Agam River 2. 2014- Hill, Lake Regency 2018 Maninjau, Lawang Source: Survey data processed, 2018 Park 2009, Mount Talang, Table 3 shows that stakeholders in South Solok 2011, 3. Twin Lake (Up and Regency 2016- West Sumatera have since the beginning Bottom) 2018 Golf Field, Anai designed that the TdS held annually passed Padang Valley, Mount 2012, through all those leading tourism 4. Pariaman Tandikek, Nyarai 2018 Regency Waterfall, Tiram attractions for the development of Beach Pariaman 2010- sustainable tourism in the region. Since 5. Gondoriah Beach Municipality 2018 Equator held for the first time in 2009, the TdS Pasaman 2013- 6. Monument, Rimbo Regency 2018 events have consistently offered a mix of Panti River West 2013- Mount Talamau, sports and tourism, especially road bicycle 7. Pasaman 2018 Sasak Beach Regency race and tourism attractions spreading Puncak Langkisau Hill, Jembatan throughout the regencies/municipalities in South Pesisir 2012- Akar River, 8. Regency 2018 Mandeh Island West Sumatera. In 2018, teams from Beach, Carocok various countries with professional racers Beach Ngalau Indah Café, Payakumbuh 2011- who have competed in various 9. Kelok 9 Bridg, Municipality 2018 Harau Valley international events participated. TdS has

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 66 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72 been an attractive sports tourism activity The Availability of Tourism for racers and their officials who Infrastructure deliberately come and compete. Their The willingness of purpose was not only to train their regency/municipal governments to be the abilities, compete and win prizes, but also host for the TdS events required a large enjoy the natural and cultural beauty in amount of capital for roads, operational West Sumatera. costs, and event management. This means The start and finish locations with that the availability of investment to build unique tourism attractions become one of and maintain the adequate infrastructures the goals of racers and their officials to for TDS was the most important factor to come back in the future. The goal of TdS determine whether or not the TDS events events is to promote the potentials of could be held in each regency/municipality tourism attractions by persuading the annually. If a regency/municipal arrival of people to watch the road bicycle government was unable to provide the race in various regions. The promotion investment or budget for the construction through advertising on television was and improvement of infrastructure, the supported by beautiful natural and cultural TdS events would not be held in the scenery across West Sumatera regions. An regency/municipality itself. Sport interesting phenomenon in the TdS events infrastructures required in the TdS events held annually is stakeholder collaboration were smooth roads, diverse transportation between the Ministry of Tourism and both modes, and accommodation facilities with national and international television star ratings. stations to promote what, where, when, Investment in the development why, and how the TdS events are held. and maintenance of the infrastructures Advertising in national media is a part of over years was strategic not only for the the Ministry of Tourism’s tasks, while TdS events held annually, but also to make advertising in local media is the the infrastructures the public goods for the responsibility of provincial and development of sustainable tourism with regency/municipality governments. For the high socio-economic values for local communities in West Sumatera, the communities in the long run. From the promotion of TdS events aimed to remind beginning, central government through the them about a big party (alek gadang) that Ministry of Tourism and local will soon be held around their area. governments (at province and regency/municipality level) have

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 67 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72 supported the development and the leading tourism attractions in Pariaman maintenance of roads, transportation Municipality, such as Gondoriah Beach, modes and accommodation facilities the municipal government increased the continually in line with the TdS events number and quality of transportation held annually. Infrastructure development modes because the beach was used as the was intended to support the TdS events for start and finish locations for the TdS sustainable tourism in West Sumatera. events. The Station in Pariaman Central and local governments are aware Municipality was located in the tourism that holding the TdS events surely areas of Gondoriah Beach, so that tourists involves stakeholder collaboration to meet can directly enjoy the nuance of beach the requirements of smooth roads, diverse after getting off the train. transportation modes, and accommodation The Government of West Sumatera facilities. Thus, the infrastructures not only Province also cooperated with PT. KAI to supported the TdS events held annually for provide a mass transportation, and trains ten-year period since 2009 but could also were also ever used by TdS racer teams as provide communities with great socio- transportation from Padang Panjang to economic benefits for the long run. Sawahlunto. The racers not only did mobility but enjoyed the beautiful natural Transportation modes scenery of West Sumatera. The increasing To support of the TdS events held number and quality of railway supported annually since 2009, the number and the TDS events sustainably as sports quality of transportation modes increased, tourism ones in the following years. The i.e. inter-city inter-provincial buses, trains, availability of transportation modes has taxi, and travel. After four successful TdS increasingly supported the TDS events in events (2009-2013), the Government of West Sumatera. Number and quality of West Sumatera Province improved the railway transportation modes increased mode of railway transportation, increased over years, so did the trends of train the number of departures to support the passenger. The increase was directly TdS events, and to date has a railway proportional to the revenue from ticket connecting several regions, particularly sales. Passengers were from the Sibinuang Padang-Pariaman. The train transportation Train, Padang-Pariaman, that has operated mode was developed again after Pariaman dailiy as well as the Dang Tuangku Municipality participated in the TdS event. Tourism Train that has operated on Considering that the TdS events promoted Saturday, Sunday, and national holidays.

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 68 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72

In early 2016, the Government of West regencies/municipalities traversed by the Sumatera Province established a TdS racers to increase the number of partnership with PT. KAI to revive the adequate accommodations, especially star railway that connects some hotels in Padang City and Bukittinggi regencies/municipalities. In addition, other City. The increasing number of transportation mode such as trans-Padang accommodation facilities can be seen from Bus was also available for the TdS events the increased number of hotel rooms in held annually in West Sumatera Province West Sumatera by 4,726 units in 2008 and for ten-year period (2009-2018). It was increased by 58.66% to 8,056 units in operated by the Sub-Department of 2015 (BPS, 2016). It is very reasonable Transportation since 2014 to provide because accommodation is an important people with a proper transportation in part of the TdS events, considering that Padang City. most racer teams (racers and officials), The promotion as tourism city has UCI members, and invited guests tend to been the Program of the Sub-Department act as tourists who come from outside the of Tourism to support the development of area and they really need adequate tourism, being supported by the Sub- accommodation facilities as part of their Department of Transportation and of tourism activity. Each regency/municipal Public Works in accordance with the focus government in West Sumatera improved determined by Heads of Local the accommodation facilities for the Governments. Several types of public development of sustainable tourism and transportation were available in West the bargaining position as a reliable Sumatera i.e. inter-city inter-province bus, tourism destination also increased, inter-city in province bus, rental/travel especially if the areas were the grand cars, taxis, tourism vehicles, and opening locations of TdS events. connecting transportation. Each Each of the regions competed transportation mode has its trends and along with the TdS events to open new supports the TDS held annually. investment opportunities for new accommodation facilities. The cities such Accommodation facilities as Padang and Bukittinggi have Since the first TdS event in 2009, accommodation facilities with adequate there has been a growth in accommodation quantity and quality to support the TDS facilities in various regions. The successful events held annually. Such TdS events encouraged stakeholders in the accommodation facilities are needed

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 69 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72 because the TdS events moved from one between central, provincial, and location to another, every mobility goes regency/municipal governments in West hundreds to thousands of kilometers, and Sumatera. The stakeholder collaboration in not all participants could return to the the TdS events could be seen from event starting point. Both the committee and coordination, contribution, and tourism participants who did not return to the development and promotion. Such starting point stayed at the finish location. coordination as a part of destination This led to the development of five-star management and marketing has led to a hotel accommodation facilities, especially harmonious cooperation in the in cities such as Padang and Bukittinggi. development and improvement of Padang City was the grand finish location infrastructures, i.e. roads, transportation in the TdS events because it was able to modes, and accomodation facilities with provide five-star hotels with adequate increasing quantity and quality in an quality for international tourists. To integrated manner for the development of support the TdS events, Tanah Datar sustainable tourism along the TdS events Regency, for example, also built a 4-star held annually for ten-year period (2009- accommodation facility. In addition, 4-star 2018). hotel was built in to support In the availability of increasingly the TdS events and tourism in general. The adequate infrastructures, racer team and its TdS events were also supported by the officials as international sport tourists in increased investment in hotel the TdS events could enjoy the traveling development, at least 4-star in other on the increasingly even and smooth roads regencies/municipalities, such as in the with high level of comfort and safety to Anai Valley, Padang Pariaman Regency, destination. They could also easily access as a form of cooperation between regency diverse transportation modes, such as government and the private sector. trains, trans-West Sumatera buses, rental/travel cars, tourism buses, CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS connecting vehicles and quality cargo taxis. Provincial, regency, municipal and The TdS events have been city governments should build a proper successfully held for ten-year period destination manegement and collaboration (2009-2018) in West Sumatera. through coordination among the relevant Destination Management for TdS was stakeholders in the provision of shared influenced by stakeholder collaboration budgets, event coordination, development

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 70 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72 and promotion of tourism and destination Byrd, E. T. (2007). Stakeholders in sustainable tourism development and management with impacts on the their roles: Applying stakeholder development and improvement of even theory to sustainable tourism development. Tourism Review, and smooth roads, diverse transportation 62(2), 6–13. doi: modes, and accommodation facilities. 10.1108/16605370780000309 Policies should be implemented in order Deenihan, G., Caulfield, B. (2015), ―Do tourists value different levels of that racer teams and their officials, invited cycling infrastructure?‖, Tourism guests, and the organizing committees can Management, Vol. 46, pp. 91-101. Doi: stay overnight at each start or finish https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014 location in each regency and municipality .06.012 involved and encourage people in each Getz, D. (2007). Event Studies: Theory, Research and Policy for Planned region to watch the event for the Events. Oxford: Butterworth- development of tourism included in Heinemann. destination management. Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research, Tourism Management 29 (2008) 403–428 Gunawijaya, J., and Pratiwi, A., (2016). REFERENCES Destination Development for Rural

Tourism Area in Wanayasa, Ardani, E.G., (2017). The Importance of Puwakarta, West Java, Indonesia, E- the Venue Selection in an Event Journal of Tourism Vol.3. No.2. Organization Case Study: Special (2016): 88-95 Event Organization Rencontre Hadzik, A., and Grabara, M. (2014). Alumni Entreprise 1 & 2, E-Journal ―Investments in recreational and of Tourism Vol.4. No.1. (2017): 46- sports infrastructure as a basis for 54. the development of sports tourism on Baade, R.A. dan Matheson, V.A. (2003). the example of spa municipalities‖, Bidding for the Olympics: Fool’s Pol. J. Sport Tourism, Vol. 21, pp. Gold? Transatlantic Sport. London: 97-101. Doi: 10.2478/pjst-2014- Edward Elgar Publishing. 0010. Brown, G., Chalip, L., Jago, L., & Mules, Kencana, E.N., (2019). The Role of Local T. (2004). The Sydney Olympics and Government in Fostering the Brand Australia. Dalam Morgan N., Economic of Community: A Lesson Pritchard A., & Pride R. (Eds.), from Tourism Development at Nusa Destinations branding: Creating the Penida Islands of Bali, E-Journal of unique destination proposition. Tourism Vol.6. No.1. (2019): 119- Oxford, UK: Elsevier Butterworth- 129 Heinemann. Lohmann, G., and Netto, A.P. (2017). Tourism theory concepts, models and systems, CABI, Oxfordshire.

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 71 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857 E-Journal of Tourism Vol.7. No.1. (2020): 55-72

Ritchie, J. R. B., & Smith, B. (1991). The impact of a mega-event on host region awareness: A longitudinal study. Journal of Travel Research, 30(1), 3–10. Sharpley, R. (2009). Tourism development and the environment: Beyond sustainability? Earthscan. Oxon, UK Simanihuruk, M., (2019). Tourist Attraction and Tourist Facilities Intentions to Visitor Satisfaction: Case of Sindang Barang Cultural Village, E-Journal of Tourism Vol.6. No.2. (2019): 210-224. Sitepu, E.S., (2019). Improving Tourism Destination Management Through Sustainable Tourism Development Model A Case Study on TSR., E- Journal of Tourism Vol.6. No.2. (2019): 252-268. Smith, A. (2005). Reimaging the City: The Value of Sport Initiatives. Annals of Tourism Resarch, 32: 217-236. Susanti, R., Priyambodo, T.K, and Janianton Damanik, Soeprihanto, J., (2017). Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 22 (10). Swarbrooke dan Horner, Swarbrooke, J., Horner, S. (2001). Business travel and tourism, Butterworth- Heinemann, Jordan Hill, Oxford. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7506-4392- 4.50012-4 Timareva, S., Arabska, E., and Shopova, I., (2015). Role of Destination Management and Marketing Organizations in Regional Development, Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 13, pp. 96-102.

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot 72 e-ISSN: 2407-392X. p-ISSN: 2541-0857