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Review Layout Keyboard Yang Optimal Untuk Pengetikan Dalam Bahasa Indonesia

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Review Layout Keyboard Yang Optimal Untuk Pengetikan Dalam Bahasa Indonesia Seminar Nasional Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia 2016 ISSN : 2302-3805 STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta, 6-7 Februari 2016 REVIEW LAYOUT KEYBOARD YANG OPTIMAL UNTUK PENGETIKAN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA M Rizki Fadhilah1), P Insap Santosa2), Sri Suning Kusumawardani3) 1)Mahasiswa Departemen Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi Fakultas Teknik UGM Yogyakarta 2), 3)Dosen Departemen Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi Fakultas Teknik UGM Yogyakarta Jl. Grafika No.2 Kampus UGM, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281 Email : [email protected]), [email protected]), [email protected]) Abstrak keyboard pada layar touchscreen sulit diterapkan untuk pengetikan cepat [1]. Keyboard adalah suatu perangkat masukan yang digunakan pada komputer. Layout keyboard yang Saat ini layout QWERTY merupakan layout yang paling digunakan pada komputer di Indonesia menggunakan umum digunakan, terutama di Indonesia. QWERTY layout QWERTY. Awalnya layout ini digunakan pada dirancang oleh Christopher Latham Sholes pada tahun mesin ketik. Penerapan layout QWERTY pada keyboard 1873. Awalnya QWERTY merupakan layout yang konvensional saat ini tidak efisien untuk pengetikan, digunakan pada mesin ketik dan didesain untuk terutama untuk pengetikan cepat. Muncul penelitian mengurangi kecepatan mengetik pada mesin ketik agar seperti Layout Dvorak, yaitu layout yang lebih optimal dapat mengurangi resiko kemacetan saat mengetik pada dari QWERTY, namun Dvorak lebih optimal untuk mesin ketik [2][3]. Layout QWERTY masih digunakan Bahasa Inggris. Berdasarkan frekuensi kemunculan saat ini pada keyboard komputer, penerapannya pada karakter, Bahasa Inggris berbeda dengan Bahasa keyboard komputer ini dianggap kurang efisien oleh Dr. Indonesia. August Dvorak, terutama untuk pengetikan cepat [4]. Dr. August Dvorak melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis mendapatkan layout yang lebih baik dari QWERTY. beberapa layout yang ada untuk kasus pengetikan dalam Pada tahun 1936 ia berhasil merancang dan mematenkan Bahasa Indonesia. Perbandingan akan dilihat dari segi keyboard dengan sebutan yang berasal dari nama keoptimalan home row, analisis beban tangan, analisis belakangnya yaitu Dvorak. Layout Dvorak juga dikenal beban jari, serta analisis dengan Keyboard Layout dengan sebutan American Simplified Keyboard. Layout Analyzer. ini didapat dari penelitiannya dan diklaim dapat Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapatkan layout yang digunakan secara efisien untuk mengetik, terutama untuk terbaik menurut berdasarkan beban home row adalah pengetikan cepat seperti pengetikan 10 jari. Namun, CarPalx, berdasarkan beban tangan adalah Capewell, keyboard Dvorak masih berfokus pada pengetikan dalam berdasarkan beban jari adalah Workman dan Bahasa Inggris [5] dan kurang cocok jika diterapkan berdasarkan KLA adalah Colemak. untuk pengetikan dalam Bahasa Indonesia yang dari segi tatanan bahasanya memiliki perbedaan dari Bahasa Inggris. Pada paper ini akan membahas dan Kata kunci: keyboard, layout, home row, beban tangan, membandingkan beberapa layout yang memungkinkan beban jari, bahasa indonesia, keyboard layout analyzer. untuk digunakan untuk pengetikan dalam Bahasa Indonesia. 1. Pendahuluan Layout Dvorak dipatenkan oleh Dr. August Dvorak pada Keyboard adalah salah satu device yang penting dalam tahun 1936. Majalah online “The Dvorak Zine” pada dunia komputer. Keyboard merupakan device yang website http://dvzine.org mengklaim bahwa layout digunakan untuk memasukkan input berupa teks ke Dvorak adalah layout yang lebih efisien dibandingkan prosesor. Ada bermacam-macam jenis keyboard yang dengan layout QWERTY. Layout Dvorak dianggap lebih digunakan di dunia saat ini. Setiap negara menggunakan efisien dibandingkan dengan layout QWERTY karena keyboard yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan bahasa yang layout Dvorak memaksimalkan home row pada digunakan. Umumnya perbedaan yang terdapat pada tiap keyboard. Home Row adalah bagian tombol dengan keyboard terlihat dari segi fisik atau/dan dari segi tatanan posisi awal atau posisi istirahat untuk pengetikan cepat tombol-tombol ( layout) yang digunakan. Meskipun atau pengetikan 10 jari. Pada layout QWERTY, home teknologi touchscreen saat ini sudah dikenal hampir row adalah deretan tombol ASDFGHJKL. Pada majalah diseluruh belahan dunia, keyboard fisik masih tetap “The Dvorak Zine” diklaim bahwa 70% huruf yang memiliki tempat tersendiri di kalangan pengguna diketik pada layout Dvorak berasal dari home row, teknologi komputer hal ini terbukti dengan adanya sedangkan pada QWERTY hanya 30% huruf yang banyak keyboard eksternal untuk tablet-tablet seperti diketik ada di home row. iPad dan tablet android lainnya. Hal ini dikarenakan 1.3-97 Seminar Nasional Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia 2016 ISSN : 2302-3805 STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta, 6-7 Februari 2016 Dvorak, sang perancang layout ini meletakkan huruf kanan, manis kanan, kelingking kanan, sedangkan hidup dan huruf mati yang sering muncul pada home row jempol digunakan untuk mengetik spasi. Beban tiap jari keyboard. Dvorak beranggapan bahwa pengetikan dapat dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2. maksimal jika karakter yang sering muncul berada pada home row karena dapat meminimalisir waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh jari untuk bergerak. Dvorak juga beranggapan bahwa pengetikan secara bergantian dari tangan kanan bergerak ke tangan kiri kemudian bergerak kembali ke tangan kanan dan seterusnya akan memberikan kecepatan mengetik yang lebih dibandingkan pengetikan yang hanya terfokus pada satu tangan apalagi satu jari [6]. Layout Keyboard sendiri adalah setiap pengaturan mekanis, visual, atau fungsional tertentu dari komputer, mesin ketik atau keyboard tipografi lainnya. Ada beberapa jenis layout keyboard yang ada dan yang paling terkenal di Indonesia adalah layout QWERTY, tapi Beban Tiap Jari sayangnya layout QWERTY adalah layout yang tidak Gambar 2. efisien [7]. 2. Pembahasan Letter Frequency atau frekuensi huruf merupakan aspek Terdapat beberapa layout yang akan dibandingkan yaitu yang terpenting dalam menganlisis suatu layout QWERTY, Dvorak, Capewell, Colemak, CarPalx, dan keyboard. Akan tampak huruf-huruf yang sering muncul Workman. dan yang jarang, huruf yang jarang muncul seharusnya diletakkan pada posisi tersulit yang dapat ditempuh oleh a. QWERTY telah ada sejak tahun 1873. QWERTY jari dan posisi yang mudah dicapai ditempati oleh huruf adalah layout yang sangat umum yang digunakan yang sering muncul. Berdasarkan sumber dari website bagi negara-negara yang menggunakan http://www.sttmedia.com [8], maka didapatkanlah data aksara/alfabet latin. QWERTY adalah layout yang frekuensi huruf untuk tata Bahasa Indonesia seperti yang tidak efisien. Salah satu kelebihan QWERTY saat ditunjuk pada Gambar 1. ini adalah layout ini sangat familiar di masyarakat [4]. Terdapat 9 huruf yang berada di home row, 10 huruf berada di top row, dan 7 huruf berada di home Q 0.01% X 0.03% row. Persebaran karakter pada QWERTY adalah Z 0.04% acak, karena memang sengaja dirancang untuk V 0.18% F 0.21% mengurangi kecepatan pengetikan agar dapat W 0.48% mengurangi kesalahan mekanik pada saat mengetik C 0.76% J 0.87% pada papan ketik. O 1.26% Y 1.88% b. Dvorak termasuk layout untuk skrip latin, layout P 2.61% Dvorak dipatenkan oleh Dr. August Dvorak dan Dr. B 2.64% H 2.74% William Dealey pada tahun 1936 dengan susunan L 3.26% seperti yang diperlihatkan pada Gambar 2.1. G 3.66% S 4.15% Keyboard ini sering disebut sebagai Simplified M 4.21% Keyboard atau American Simplified Keyboard. U 4.62% R 4.64% Dvorak mengklaim bahwa layout-nya menggunakan D 5.00% pergerakan tangan yang sedikit, meningkatkan K 5.14% typing rate, dan mengurangi error saat pengetikan T 5.58% I 7.98% dibanding dengan menggunakan keyboard E 8.29% QWERTY [9]. Sulit untuk mengetik dengan satu N 9.33% A 20.39% tangan, maka Dvorak meletakkan huruf hidup pada 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% bagian kiri home row dan huruf mati yang sering arrangement by frequency muncul pada bagian kanan, adapun beberapa aspek yang diperhatikan dan menjadi keunggulan Dvorak Gambar 1.Frekuensi Karakter pada Bahasa Indonesia adalah mudah dipelajari, dapat meningkatkan akurasi saat pengetikan, nyaman dan tidak membuat lelah pada tangan, sangat sedikit pergerakan jari, Untuk pengetikan yang baik, tiap jari diberikan alokasi serta memaksimalkan home row [10]. Terdapat tiga untuk mengakses tombol tertentu, umumnya yang ide utama yang menjadi pemikiran Dvorak dalam bekerja adalah delapan jari yaitu kelingking kiri, manis merancang layout tersebut, yaitu huruf yang sering kiri, tengah kiri, telunjuk kiri, telunjuk kanan, tengah 1.3-98 Seminar Nasional Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia 2016 ISSN : 2302-3805 STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta, 6-7 Februari 2016 muncul sebaiknya diletakkan di home row, beban Untuk mengukur kualitas dari suatu layout maka tangan harus seimbang, dan pengetikan secara terdapat beberapa aspek yang dapat diperhatikan, dan bergantian dari tangan kanan ke tangan kiri kembali aspek berikut ini sudah umum disetujui oleh setiap lagi ke tangan kanan harus dimaksimalkan, serta perancang layout keyboard yang ada [14]: meminimalkan penggunaan jari yang sama [11]. 1. Membatasi penggunaan jari yang lemah, seperti c. Dvorak masih dipandang memiliki beberapa jari kelingking dan manis kekurangan [12]. Capewell menjabarkan beberapa 2. Membatasi penggunaan bottom row kelemahan Dvorak. Dan membuat suatu perbaikan dari layout tersebut. Dan pada tahun 2004 3. Memaksimalkan penggunaan home row memperkenalkan layout Capewell-Dvorak serta di 4. Membatasi pergerakan jari tahun 2005 memperkenalkan
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