1 2

Global Witness 2005 10 1

1 ●

●

●

●

●

● SPDC

●

●

●

●

●

a 1989 "Burma" "" Global Witness "Burma" "Myanmar" b

c 2004 10 2 (CITES) 13 2005

1 1

2001 9 (FLEG) 1

●

● FLEG

(Regional ● Taskforce on Forest Law Enforcement and Governance)

●

●

●

FLEG ● 13 1 89-91

●

SPDC

SPDC

SPDC

● SPDC

●

●

2 2

2 9.2 43-46 9.2.1 43-44 1 1-2 9.2.2 44 2 3 9.2.3 44 3 5-6 9.2.4 44-45 4 7-8 9.2.5 45-46 5 9-10 9.2.6 Tze Tze 46 9 9.3 47-49 9.3.1 47-48 11-36 9.3.2 48 6 11-19 9.3.3 Ban Li 48 2 13 9.3.4 49 6.1 9.3.5 Car Zan 49 14 9.3.6 49 3 15 9.3.7 49 6.2 10 50-69 16 10.1 50-51 6.3 HIV 16-18 10.2 51-52 6.4 18-19 10.3 53-54 7 19-28 9 54 7.1 20 10.4 55-69 7.2 10.4.1 56 21 10.4.2 KIO 57-58 4 21 10 59 7.3 10.4.3 NDA(K) 60 21-23 10.4.4 KIO NDA(K) 61-62 7.4 10.4.4.1 61-62 23-25 10.4.4.2 NDA(K) 7.4.1 62 25 10.4.5 SPDC 63-65 5 26 10.4.6 N’Mai Hku 66-67 7.5 10.4.7 27 68-69 6 28 11 70-71 8 28-36 12 72 7 28 8.1 73-94 29-30 13 I 73-78 8.2 30-31 11 75 8.3 32-34 13.1 76-78 8.3.1 33-34 13.1.1 76-78 8.4 34-36 13.1.2 78 35 14 II 79-88 8.4.1 36 14.1 81-83 14.2 84 14.3 85 GLOBAL WITNESS 37-72 14.4 9 37-49 87-88 9.1 39-42 15 (FLEG) 9.1.1 39 FLEG 89-91 9.1.2 40 16 IV 2005 G8 9.1.3 41 92-94 9.1.4 42 17 GLOBAL WITNESS’ 95 18 96-98

3 SICHUAN PROVINCE

BHUTAN

KACHIN STATE INDIA YUNNAN PROVINCE BANGLADESH

SAGAING CHINA DIVISION

缅甸 Lashio Haka

Sagaing Mandalay 掸邦 CHIN STATE Keng Tung MANDALAY DIVISION Taunggyi LAOS

Sittwe RAKHINE STATE Pyinmana Loikaw MAGWE 克伦尼邦 DIVISION Toungoo

PEGU Bay DIVISION KAREN of STATE Bengal Pegu Bassein 仰光 Pa’an IRRAWADDY THAILAND DIVISION Moulmein

仰光 MON DIVISION STATE

Andaman Sea Tavoy

TENASSERIM DIVISION

Mergui

0 50 公里 050 英里 Gulf of Thailand

Kawthaung

4 3 /

3 (AQSIQ)

7.4 , 23-24

CITES (SFA)

11-36

KNA KNCA AAC KNA ADB KSC AFPFL MCSO AIDS MEC APEC MoF ATS MI AQSIQ MTE ASEAN NATALA ASEM NCFP BOCOG 29 NCGUB BSPP NDA(K) CEP NDF CPB NGO CPC NLD CITES OSS DDSI PRC DZGD RWE EIU SFA ESIA SLORC FLEG SPDC FSC SSA(S) GDP SSNA GMS UMEHL HIV UNAIDS IFI UNDCP IFM USDA ITTO UNODC KDA UWSA/P / KIA KIO WHO KIO

5 3

Global Witness 2004 2005

Global Witness Global Witness

Global Witness

Global Witness

(RWE) 1

1 1.8 2.3 1

2004

6 4

4

2

Than Shwe 1993 10

Arakan Yoma

Bilauktaung

3

7 4

2004 2005

A Conflict of Interests - the uncertain future of Burma's forests

A Conflict of Interests

Global Witness 37-72 Global Witness A Conflict of Interests

73-88

8 5

5 1984 4 1996 1998

100

...... 4

Chenwen Xu 1993

1 Global Witness KIA/O • 2003 2004

1987 • 2004 2005 SPDC 1989 NDA(K) 4.2781 1988 15%

• 2003 2004 130 m3 RWE

-- (MoF) •

• 3

• 2003 SPDC 96% NDA(K) KIA/O

• 130 m3 RWE 98% 7 19-28 Global Witness • 2001 2004 60%

•

800,000 1,000,000 m3

• SPDC

9 5

d

SPDC

2004 12 14 The New Light of Myanmar 2001 12 14

d (World Commission on Environment and Development)

10 G8 e

6

44

2004

Myitkyina Lashio

2003 10 1.7 9 5 2004 110 2003 6.3% 6

SLORC/SPDC

e G8

11 1988 1989 12

11

1991 SLORC

KIA/O NDA(K) 2001 12

7

7

5 21 8 2005 Kambiati Washawng Myitkyina 7 4 SPDC Maung Maung Swe NDA(K) Zakhung Ting Ying 2004 10 19

2.9 2005 15 9 2004 SPDC 4 2003 25% 2.4 Than Shw Maung Aye 1.6 14, 15 2005 4 2003 100 3 1 5 8 10 2004 7 Khin Nyunt 8 Maung Maung Shwe 11 Kon Ku Khin Nyunt Chung 2004 12 2 6 (KIO) 4 (NDA(K)) (KDA) 16 11, 30 - 2005 5 Tin Naing Thein 17

30 11 Myitkyina 2005 2010 1.8 2100 2006 2800 300 Bhamo 12

2005 4 18

√D 13

12 2 KHIN NYUNT Khin Nyunt Khin Nyunt

286 SPDC Complete explanation on the developments (UWSA) Bao You Xiang in the country 2004 10 24 Khin Nyunt Pangsan

2004 10 19 Khin Nyunt Khin Nyunt (DDSI) Bao You Xiang MI (OSS) Bao You Xiang Tatmadaw 26

Soe Win 19 Khin Nyunt SPDC 2004 10 20 21 275 15 19 Myitkyina KIO NDA(K) 2004 10 19 Khin Nyunt MI MI 27, 28 SPDC Soe Win 20 Thura f 29, 30 SPDC 21 10 24 2005 SPDC Khin Nyunt 31 Maung Aye 32 2005 4 Khin Khin Nyunt Nyunt 40 286 (MI) 20 100 33 Khin Nyunt 2004 10 Muse 100 MI Putao Khin Nyunt 2004 10 22 2005 7 5 Khin Nyunt 23 Than Shwe Insein Khin Nyunt g 2005 1 8 24 MI 300 24 2005 7 22 44 34, 35 Zaw Naing Oo Ye Naing Win 68 51 Than Shwe 2004 11 5

Khin Nyunt 36 Maung Oo U Thang Than Shwe 25

f Thura Shwe Mann Maung Aye g

13 6.1 2004 7 Khin Nyunt

9400 40

41 37

2004 7

Thura Shwe Mann Tatmadaw 42

20

3

h SPDC 43

44

38

50

39 2004 6 50

39

h

14 39

2004 6

Khin Nyunt 2004 7

1988 8

1948 SLORC 45 1950 6 8 1967 i 47, 48, 49 j 1989 12 CPB

10 1991

(CBP) CPB 20 50 KIA/O CPB KIA/O 20 90 12 KIA CPB 10 1976 50 1968 KIA/O NDA(K) KIA/O 1989 1994 CBP CPB 101 CPB NDA(K) NDA(K) KIA/O 1996 1998 10.3 53-54

20

80 / 46

i CIA j 1962 Ne Win

15 6.2 2 51

6.3 HIV/

... HIV/ AIDS

52

2001

5 30 50 HIV 2004 338,000 2002 91% 53 SPDC 2.2% (UNAIDS) (WHO) 1998 1%

63,000 54 HIV/ 120 Myitkyina 90% HIV/ 55 1999 Muse 6.5% 56

2004

16 HIV/ 4/5 HIV 3/5 57 58 61, 62 Global Witness HIV/ 30-40

59 Council of Foreign Relations 2005 7 1 HIV/ HIV HIV/ 3/4

60

HIV/

HIV/

1988

9.3.1 47-48 HIV 1989 2000 HIV 58 HIV/

HIV/

HIV/ Mandalay

17 6.4

63

(UNDCP)

20 80

64

1993 NDA(K) 67

2004 NDA(K) 1 5 19 KIO 2 1999

(UNODC) NDA(K)

65

... 500 ... 67 NDA(K) 700 68 66 N'Mai Hku 10.4.6 N'Mai Hku 66-67

18 7

7 69 70

70 20 70 10 Khin Nyunt

70 Steven Law (Htun Myint Naing) Asia World

70

71

2004 4 5 ● 2001 2002 2003 2004 72 800,000 m3 98%

● Muse

●

● SPDC

● SPDC

SPDC

● KIO

2000 6 6

73

SPDC

19 7

7.1

Malam Sambat Kaban 79 74

2005 1

●

● 1/3

80 ● G8 77 2003 30 78 GDP 6.4 1978 31 75 9% 76

81

80 2003 4200 m3 RWE G8

77

/ 77

82

1

98% 50 k

40

30

20 80% 50% 90% 90% 70% 90% 60% 10 70% 80% 70% 78 等量圆木体积 （百万立方米）

2005 4 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 年份 k Global Witness

20 7

7.2

2001 9 13 15 FLEG III 89-91 2004 9

84

2005 3

2004 10 "

85

Global Witness

-- -- 86

2005 1

-- 2003-04 3 -- 18,000 m 27,000 m3 88 2001 2004 80 m3 100 m3

83 2 2001-02 90 m3 RWE 2 m3 RWE 80 m3 RWE 98% 250 l 2 m

l m 2001 8

21 7

2 SLORC/SPDC M3 RWE 87, o

1.4 1.2 官方出口 1.0 最低非法出口量 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

圆木等量体积（百万立方米） 0.0 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 年份 1. 2. SLORC/SDPC 3. 4. 2002 2003 SLORC/SPDC

3 n, 323, 324, o

2,000 其它国家和地区 1,500 中国

1,000

500

出口值（单位：百万缅元） 0 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 年份

4 p xx

2.5 世界其它国家 2.0 中国 1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 等量原木体积（百万立方米） 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 年份 n 6 = 1 o 2002-03 2003-04 p xx

22 7

SPDC 2001-02 Global Witness 2003 19.9 820,000 m3 RWE 2000 3% 3

7.4

U Myat Thinn 2003 1

2003 130 m3 RWE 98% 4 Global Witness A Conflict of Interest 2000 840,000 m3 (AQSIQ) RWE MCSO AQSIQ 2003 130 m3 RWE 60% 60% AQSIQ

2004

23 7

2004 1

13

21

1992 4 1

19

89

Gangfang 2004 AQSIQ

89 /

62 2 2,400 82 5 2,400

2004 7 1 50 59,500 3 3 10 5 5

2001 1 1 84 Global Witness 86 84 / 86

24 7

7.4.1 CITES

CITES 90 2003 1981 1997 40 91 CITES CITES CITES 3,000 0.225

(Taxus wallichiana) II

1994 CITES II

151 163,

2004 10 CITES 13

92 CITES 93

(SFA) CITES

CITES

25 7

2001 8

SPDC 2008 2003 3 22 2008 4 12 KIO 2003 5112

2000

Jadeland

95 94

29

Global Witness

2004 6

26 7

7.5 / 2005 2001 2004 / 98 Global Witness " 96 KIO 2004 90 2001-02 2002-03 RWE 10-15% 98 / Global Witness 2003 96% 5 q Global Witness

/ 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 / 88 98 Global Witness Muse 19 20 15 9 37-49

5 97

1.0 其它 广州 上海 0.8 昆明 原木 锯切木

0.6

0.4 等量圆木体积 (百万立方米)

0.2

0.0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 年份 q F. Kahrl & S. Yufang, Forest Trends: "Navigating The Border: An Analysis of the China- Myanmar Timber Trade" 2004

27 8 6

100

2004

1996 1997 140 2003 32 4.03 45 5.42 101 1998 1/5 3,600 5 360 102

103

1998 KIO 99

104

105

... 106

7

28 107

82

8.1 r

108

2005 5 25

s 2005 5 24 26

109

2006 (CEP)

CEP

( ) 108

r GMS 2.5 s

29 3

110 N'Mai Hku 10.4.6 N'Mai Hku 66-67

Chindwin Mali Hka N'Mai Hka

114

8.2

3

112 1,830 2,700 2,700

Peter Wharton 2003 10 1,830 (Alnus nepalensis) (Betulacylindrostachya) (Castanopsis spp.) -- Indo-Burma (Schima spp.) Callophylus spp. t, 113 -- Indo-Burma Michelia spp. Bucklandia populnea 115 8 2,100

(Quercus)

(Ilex) (Picea brachytyla) (Tsuga dumosa) (Larix griffithiana) (Taiwania flousiana).

(Euonymus)

(Betula) / (Sorbus) 116

t 1,500 70% 25

30 91

(Muntiacus gongshanensis)

117

(Panthera tigris) (Pardofelis nebulosa) (Ailurus fulgens) (Viverra zibetha) (Mustela strigidorsa) (Callosciurus pygerythrus) 365 (Brachypteryx hyperythra) 114

Hukawng Valley 2004 3 Hukawng Valley 3 5,500 118

SPDC

119

120

Nogmung Pangnamdim 2004

31 8.3

238 240

2004 2004 7

Global Witness SPDC Thein Sein

121

2004 3 123 4 8 2,000 122

3 N'Mai Hku

2004

32 8.3.1 SPDC " " 124 128 The Myanmar Times 2004 8 23-29

2004 7 Myitkyina Myitkyina 3,700 129 Mandalay Magwe KIO 10 NDA(K) Sagaing 20 130 30 Global Witness 124, 125 Myitkyina 10 30 131 N'Mai Hka 188 112 126 Magwe 15,000 s132

127 133

N'Mai Hka Mali Hka

Talawgyi Sinbo

134

Myitkyina 2004 7

33 8.4

2000 6 6

2000 6 6 U Win Aung

136

34 8

" KIA Villagers

1994

" 135

Mingli 1999

2002

2004

35 8.4.1 KIO

39

2004 6

18,000 2,150 KIO 2 (War Office of the Central KIO Committee) 8,000 950 N'Jangyang 137

Jinxin Jinxin

... 7 138

Jinxin Jinxin

68 150,000 170 207

© Tom Kramer

36 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

GLOBAL WITNESS 9

139

2005

Global Witness 图例 国际边境线 邦分界线

N

a

辖区分界线 n

m

a

木材运输路线 i

R i v e r 水电发电站

山口 桥 主要城镇 城镇 村庄 Gongshan 河流 0 50 公里

50 英里

Putao

Global Witness La Cholo Bridge

N CHINA M

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M a

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i a

i

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克钦邦 Kangfang Datainba Pian Ma Lawhkawng Chipwe Bridge Leshin Liuku Bridge 82 Njangyang Jubilee Tze Tze Myitsone Bridge Pangwah 2001 Global Witness Dian Tan Manwin Kambaiti Danzha MYITKYINA Houqiao Gudong Guyong A Conflict of Interests Baoshan Prefecture iver 85-91 2004 2005 Dabak R Sudien Dabak Tengchong Global Witness Car Zan Mali Pajau Laisin

I r Nalong Xima r a w Yingjiang

a

d

d

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Dehong 2001 Prefecture

Bhamo Mai Ja Yang Loije Zhanfeng Wanding N’Bapa Ban Li Jiageo Ruili Muse Nong Dao

Forest Trends publications: F. Kahrl & S. Yufang, Forest Trends: "Navigating The Border: An Analysis of the China-Myanmar Timber Trade" 2004 "An Overview of the Market Chain for China's Timber Product Imports from Myanmar" 2005

37 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

2004 Global Witness

7.3 - 21-23 141 , 144, 145, 152

140 141, 143, 144, 151

9.1.3 41 9.1.4 42 40

Laiza Sagaing

2004

Chipwe Pangwah 2004

38 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

9.1

(60%) 145 (40%) 144 Global Witness 2004 142 1997 2002 27 28 (GDP)v 52 143 Bihpu N'Mai Hku 2002

13

20 / 146 (NGO)

1998 (NCFP) Forest Trends 1997 2002 36,000 308,300 756 2002 876,865

143

2004 4 11 Global Witness

3-5

9.1.1

N'Mai Hku ( 10.4.6 N'Mai Hku 66-67 2001 10 144

2004 2004 v GDP

39 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

9.1.2

147

2004

Global Witness 2004

94 29 143 2000 2003 3 7 NDA(K) NDA(K) 2001 80 100 Jinxin 26, 59, 61, 69 Hong Sen 144 Yuan Dong A Conflict of Interests 86 10

1 (NDA(K)) Datianba Kangfang

N'Mai Hku 147, 148, 149 NDA(K) Kangfang Langse Kangkung NDA(K) 150 2001 70 120 2002 Global Witness

2004 NDA(K) 200 24 300 36

30% 50%

2004 7 150

151, 143

2004

40 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

9.1.3 154 2003 3 154

Kangfang Yunseng Group KIO 152 153, 154

La Cholo/

Global Witness

8

153

N'Mai Hku

154 Global Witness

151, 155

11 4 2001 2003 Huaxin 2 155

3 2004

41 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

9.1.4

156

NDA(K) NDA(K) Ting Ying 157, 158

Global Witness

30 Global Witness

N'Mai Hku ( 10.4.6 N'Mai Hku 66-67 2001 144 2004 4 40 2004

4,500 2002-03 21,000 25,000 2003-04 40,000 158 2002-2003 158, 159 100 12 (Gongshan Department for Border Trade) 10 158 2001-02

Global Witness

151

2004 11 50-100 20-30 Ting Ying Myitkyina The Solid Rock 2004 146

42 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

9.2

240 500 1000 595,000-1,190,500 2004 160 10 15 15,000

ARI 151 Windsor (ADB)

2200 260 400

143, 151

9.2.1 161

143 2002 6

2001 2003

2004 161

2 Teng Chin 7.4 1000 23-25 Global Witness Muse 146 151

151

2004 2004

43 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

Global Witness 151

9.2.3

ARI

151 9.2.2

Tze Tze / 9.2.4 2001 100 144 2001 2002 143, 151 Kambaiti 2004 Global Witness

Global Witness 2004 4 Global Witness 10 162 10.4.4.1

2004

44 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

61-62 2004 151 163 2001 Global Witness 2001 Global Witness 70 2004 80 90

20 9.2.5 151 Global Witness Pangwah NDA(K) Pangwah Pangwah

130 164

5 Global Witness

2004

30 3.6 50 6 20 2.4 164 2000 100,000 70,000 80,000 164, 165

2004

2004

45 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

9.2.6 Tze Tze

Tze Tze

10-15 Tze Tze 10,000

30 100 166, 167, 168

Tze Tze Global Witness

Tze Tze

Tze Tze 169, 170

2004

Tze Tze 2004

46 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

9.3 9.3.1

KIO SPDC/Tatmadaw 24 Bhamo Lashio

143 171

'A Reckless Harvest' Newsweek 2003

KIO SPDC Global Witness 2001

Jiageo

2002 259,503 2001 2004 12

36

2005

47 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

600 9.3.3 Ban Li 300 Ban Li Mandalay Sagaing 172 Ban Li 2004 Global Witness SPDC Muse Jiageo Ka Pa Sa Pa 173 Muse 2005 Global Witness Bhamo Lashio Mandalay Npaba 1998 KIA/O

KIA/O 6.3 Nongdao HIV/ 16-17 - Ban Li 2004 2004 Global Global Witness Witness 151, 174 151

Nong Dao 151 2005 Nong Dao 5 100 100 175

2005 5 200 Muse SPDC 1000 176

9.3.2

1998

50

SPDC 177 2006 Bhamo

18

Npaba KIA Ban Li 2005

48 GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

9.3.4

Car Zan Laiza Laiza KIA Laiza

143, 151 Laiza 2003 2004

Laozhaiza Hong Bom He 2001 2004

2004 9.3.6

92, 178 2003 75 2004 Global Witness 9.3.5 Car Zan

Car Zan 20 30 10 50 70 151

KIO 2004 Global Witness 9.3.7

Global Witness 20

SPDC 17 18 19 22 SPDC Pajau Bum 179, 180 150

2004

49 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10 KIO

SPDC 100 SPDC Global Witness 2004 KIO 182

SPDC NDA(K) NDA(K)

10.1

SPDC 94 2004 KIA/O, NDA(K) KDA 1961 KIO KIO U Nu KIA/O KIO NDA(K) KDA KIO KIO 15,000 SPDC 30 SPDC 183 90 KIA 6,000 7,000 181 184

NDA(K) KDA KIO

SPDC 268

KIO

Buga

SPDC

50 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

KDA KDA 2,000 SPDA KDA 5 Kaung Kha KDA

KIO 1994 1 SLORC SPDC KIO/A 2 Laiza KIO Laisin KIA

10.2

28 SPDC

SLORC/SPDC

KIA 2005 KIA/O CPB SPDC 185 CPB KIA/O w

CPB KIO 1968 KIA CPB 2001 1976 Myitkyina KIO (NDF) 1994 KIA/O SPDC 1968 Ting Ying Kambaiti 186 2003 Bhamo KIA/O KIA/O Tatmadaw 3 3 CPB 101 1989 12 CPB 12 187 101 44 SLORC NDA(K) 800 SPDC NDA(K) 1 Kambaiti Hpimaw

NDA(K) Pangwah NDA(K) KIO NDA(K) KIO

1991 KIA 4 KIA SLORC 188

(KDA) w 2004 10 24 SPDC Complete Explanation

51 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

SLORC/SPDC 1989

SLORC/SPDC 65% 189 SLORC/SPDC 2005 SPDC

Nakatha x Kambaiti SLORC/SPDC 75% NDA(K) Laiza KIO Chin Shwehaw 190

SPDC

1997 KIO SPDC KIO Mali Creek Dabak River 10 KIO 59 SPDC SPDC KIO 268

" 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. x Nakatha Maung Aye 2005 1 11 Khin Nyunt Nasaka Nakatha 5

52 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10.3 KIA/O SPDC

194

N' Mai Hku 195 Global Witness NBan La KIO KIO 196 N'Ban La Lau Lu 10.4.4.1 61-62

2004 1 26 Lazing Bawk KIO KIO 197

2004 9 Lamung Tujai KIO Lasang Aung Wa NDA(K) 192 NDA(K) Zakhung Ting Ying 2004 10 1 Pangwah NDA(K) Myitkyina (KNCA) y

1994 KIO Brang Seng KIO 198, 199, 200 KIA/O KIA/O NDA(K) KDA 2004 12 10 Ting Ying NDA(K) 4 KIO KIA/O KIO SPDC Lasang Aung Wa KIO Lawa Zawng Hkawng Ting Ying 201, 202 NDA(K) Zahkung Ting Ying NDA(K)/KIA/O NDA(K) 202

2005 3 KIO Gunhtang Gam Shawng NBan La KIA 2004 1 7 Lasang Aung Wa Ting Ying Pajau KIA/O KIO 191 Ting Ying KIO Lasang Aung Wa Lasang Aungwa 3 Myitkyina NBan La KIA (KSC) Lasang KIO (KNCA) Tatmadaw Aung Wa 100 KIA 24 Pangwah NDA(K) 191KIO KSC Lasang Aung Wa Hpauyam Tsam Yan NDA(K) Laisin Bum KIO 192, 193 SPDC y KNCA KIO NDA(K) KDA

53 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

(Democratic Karen KIO 2004 2005 Buddhist Army) (KNU) 13 .

Myitkyina 2004 KIO Tu Jai KNCA Sumlut Naw NDA(K) Zakhung Ting Ying KIA Nban La Lasang Aung Wa

9

2004 5 SPDC thanatkha

SPDC

CITES 2004 6 9 13 SPDC

SPDC

SPDC

54 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10.4

205

240

2004

KIA/O 203

KIO SPDC SPDC 268 2002 6 KIO

KIO

KIO/A SPDC SLORC 80 KIA Tatmadaw SPDC SPDC SPDC SPDC -- -- KIA/O SPDC 204

Pangwah NDA(K) 2004

55 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10.4.1 Bhamo Momaung Sinbo SPDC Kaukwe River KIO SPDC 268 207 Paulang State KIA Nban La Liberation Party/Army Muse SPDC KIO 207

Tatmadaw 说明India KIA/O 控制区 NDA(K) 控制区 Gongshan SPDC 控制区

SPDC

a Fugong

k KIO

H

i

l a CHINA KIO SPDC M YUNNAN Sumprabum PROVINCE SPDC Loije

a KIO k H KACHIN Liuku i 208 缅甸 a Chipwe SPDC ’M ) STATE g

N n

Pangwah a

Hpakant i j

u SPDC N

Myitkyina (

n NDA(K)

e e Tengchong

y w

l KIO

d Pajau a

d S

a Yingjiang

w

a

r r SAGAING I Bhamo DIVISION 209 Namkhan NDA(K) z 掸邦 "10.4.4.1 " 公里 0 50 61-62 N'Mai Hku ( 050 英里 "10.4.6 N'Mai Hku 66-67 210, 211 KIA/O 269 SPDC 3/5 205 KIO SPDC 206 KIO NDA(K) KIO 194 KIA/O NDA(K) Kambaiti-Hoquiou NDA(K) SPDC SPDC Loije-Layin SPDC KIA NDA(K) Mai Ja Yang-Zhangfeng KIO SPDC Mongko aa, 211

KIO KIO 212

N'Jangyang N'Mai Hka Mali Hka Hkrang Hka

56 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10.4.2 KIO

211

2004

(Department of General Affairs) KIO (Economic Department) Hkum Naw KIA NBan La Gau Ri Zau Seng KIO

KIO

MTE (Forest Department) KIO Hukawng Valley 268

KIO KIO 2005 SPDC SPDC 2005 KIO Global Witness 10.4.5 SPDC Mali 63-65 Dabak Myitkyina-Bhamo SPDC (Office for Administration) 268 KIO Myitkyina 207 Maung Maung Shwe N'Mai Hku KIO Huaxin bb 15

( 10.4.6 N Mai Hku KIO 66-67) SPDC KIO KIO Global Witness SPDC

SPDC 2003 11 KIO Laiza Bhamo Jadeland KIO 50

SPDC KIO KIO 268 KIO

KIO KIO KIO KIO 300 217 140, 219 213 bb Maung Maung Swe Ohn Myint Ohn Myint

57 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

1 KIO M3 2003 208

Hpun Kya 30 4 250/350/400 30/42/48 Layang 80 10 800-900 95-107 8 x 4” 800 95 7500/8500/9000 893/1011/1071 4 x 1” 660 79 5000/6000/7000 595/714/833 Sabya Don 550 65 4000-4500 476/563 Dawn Htung Zee 400 48 3000-3500 537-417

218 SPDC 219 208 KIO 220 140

207 KIO 2002 6 1 KIO 222

221

KIO A Conflict of Interests 99-100 20,000 2,380 ) 30,000 3,571

Laiza 2004 KIO Laiza

58 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10 KIO

1997 KIO Mali Creek Dabak River Mali Dabak 8 2005 1 KIO SPDC Electric Power KIO Cooperation Kachin Ara La KIO

Jinxin Jinxin Dabak Jinxin Mali Dabak 268

215, 216 SPDC SPDC Dabak Global Witness N'Mai Hku 66- 67 KIO 214

SPDC

KIO SPDC

Mali 2004 11 268

Mali 2004 11

59 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10.4.3 NDA(K) 2003 5 11 NDA(K) (NDA(K) Central Council of Peace and 240 National Unity) 2004 (Central Economic Commission)

NDA(K) 2 NDA(K) / 225

225

> 5-10 595, 000- NDA(K) 1,190,000 NDA(K) 2-3 + m3 238, 000- 357, 000 NDA(K) 3 m 225 Global Witness NDA(K) 30% NDA(K), 2004 6 70% KIA/O NDA(K) NDA(K)

NDA(K) 1994 226 Pangwah NDA(K) 223 227 NDA(K) NDA(K) 9.1.2 40 2004 228, 229 NDA(K) Leshin Bridge 229 NDA(K) Leshin Bridge NDA(K) Pangwah 163 A Conflict of Interests 100-101 NDA(K) KIO/A 10 50-69

NDA(K) (Financial Department) 224 NDA(K)

KIO NDA(K) 15

NDA(K)

NDA(K) NDA(K) NDA(K) 2004 NDA(K)

60 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10.4.4 KIO NDA(K) T 3 2004 M3 207 NDA(K)

N'Mai Hku 1,600 190 NDA(K) KIO 150 18

Magramyang 100-200 12-24 Global Witness Guyong 380 45 50 6 KIO 560 67 NDAK 100 12 SPDC 15,000 17 10.4.4.1

Jadeland 2004 230 100,000 m3 Pan Kachin Development Society 2003 45,000 m3 Jadeland 55,000 m3 2003 KIO KIO Jinxin 231 N'Mai Hka Mali Hka / KIO NDA(K) 2003 KIO NDA(K) SPDC NDA(K) SPDC Magramyang Jubilee Myitkyina Chipwe 52 Jinxin 1200 207 200,000 1,430,000 KIO 207 SPDC Jinxin

61 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

Chipwe 2004 3

207 Jubilee 10.4.4.2 NDA(K) KIO 30

N'Mai Hka Chipwe NDA(K) KIO Myitkyin 120 Laukhaung N'Mai Hka Wun Chun NDA(K) N'Mai Hku 2004 Wun 2004 3 NDA(K) Chung Layeng Wun KIO NDA(K) Ara La 227 KIA 2004-05 9 4 NDA(K) 50 100 KIO Chipwe KIA/O

40 235 KIA N'Gum La 232

Myitsone NDA(K) N'Mai Hka Mali Hka La Wa Zawng Hkawng Myitsone La Wa Zawng Hkawng KIO 3,100 233 30 Buga 161 5,000 8,000 NDA(K) 236, 237, 238 18,000 234 N'Mai Hku 239 SPDC cc

cc 1993 1 SLORC NLD 1995 SPDC 2004 NLD SPDC

62 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10.4.5 SPDC KIO

KIO KIO

240

2004 SPDC 268 2004 SPDC Method 1 Method 1 KIO SPDC Myitkyina KIO MI 268 SPDC Tatmadaw

Myitkyina SPDC 20,000 22 20,000 22 100,000 111

268

SPDC

205, 241, 242 SPDC

SPDC Tatmadaw NATALA dd 140, 220

Method 1 2005

dd (Ministry of Border Areas)

63 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

2003 Manwin 4 2003-2004 KAMBAITI ff gg 207, 230 550 6,100 Manwin Myitkyina Waingmaw 140 Manwin Manwin SPDC 40,000 44 Manwin 30,000 33 Sailaw Tatmadaw 15,000 17 Ura Yang NDAK 5000 6 ee Thayar Kone NDAK 15,000 17 Waingmaw Kambaiti NDA(K) 100,000 111 230 Kambaiti Tatmadaw 100,000 111 305,000 339 Sinlum Tatmadaw 243 Hkawan Bang Sinlum 437 243

Bhamo MI 243 SPDC Tatmadaw 243 Tatmadaw SPDC

SPDC KIO SPDC Tatmadaw

Bala Min Htin Myitkayina Irrawaddy SPDC 2004

ee ff gg

64 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

hh

230

140

Tatmadaw

Tatmadaw

Tatmadaw Maung Maung Swe Dabak NATALA Loije Muse Nalon SPDC 207 Maunghwe Khin Nyunt 207 SPDC Tatmadaw 2003 11 10 6 4 2001 2002 SPDC Pang Wa ii 244 , 243

245

238

Myitkyina SPDC Hopin Mohnyin Myitkyina 2004 8

hh ii

65 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10.4.6 The N’Mai Hku N'Mai Hku 247 246

N'Mai Hku 2004

INDIA N'Mai Hku N'Mai Hku 16 248 说明 49 Hkakabo Razi 国家公园 Gongshan N’Mai Hku 项目 5 4 KIO KIO

Putao 3

a Fugong N'Mai Hku

k 2

H

i 248 l

a a CHINA NDA(K) k M YUNNAN H

i

a PROVINCE Sumprabum 1 20 90 KIO M ’

N Liuku 182

克钦邦 n e e

缅甸 w l

a Pangwah S Myitkyina 1 BP28 (E’ga Path) 2 BP30 Yaping Path

(2001 年开放) y Pajau

d 3 BP31 Yaping Path d

a (2001 年开放)

w KIO 1997 8 6 Khin Nyunt

a

r 4 BP34 (Danzhu Path) r

I 5 Gongshan-Dulongjiang 249 SAGAING Bhamo road (2000 年开放) DIVISION 2002 268 掸邦 0 50 公里 Huaxin KIO 15

0 50 英里 N'Mai Hku Huaxin Group Co. Ltd

205 Huaxin

205

N'Mai Hku 2004

66 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

KIO KIO SPDC N'Mai Hku 10 KIA Heng Huat 268, 250KIO KIO

250 7

E'ga - 2001 229 NDA(K) KIO KIA/O KIA/O NDA(K) Lasang Aung Wa 10.3 53-54 NDA(K) N'Mai Hku KIA/O NDA(K) NDA(K) 35 2005 7 KIA/O NDA(K) 251 N'Mai Hku KIA/O NDA(K) A Conflict of Interests 104-108

N'Mai Hku KIA/O NDA(K)

2004 5 3 4 Myitkyina

KIO NDA(K)

5 25 6 21

N'Mai Hku

KIO

67 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10.4.7 KIO La Ja KIA 253

Wun Rawt KIA 2002-03 Buga Wun Rawt KIO

254 Wun Rawt

Sut Masa

Sut Masa KIO Wun Rawt

Wun Rawt Buga Sut Masa KIO KIA KIO KIA

KIO NBan La 10.3 53-54 Wun Rawt KIO KIO Wun Rawt

Laiza Jubilee Buga Jadeland Wun N'Mai Hku KIO Rawt 2004 SPDC KIA Wun Rawt Laiza Buga 1994 KIA/O m3 La Wa 700 83 900 Zaung Hkawng Myitkyina 104 m3 100 12 SPDC 252 2002 2004 KIA Wun Rawt Laiza Buga Wun KIO Rawt Wun Chung La Wa Zaung Hkawng La N'Mai Hka Chipwe Wa Zaung Hkawng Layeng Wun Lau Ying Aw Tawng Mai Lau Lu NBan La La Wa Zaung Hkawng NDA(K) KIO Jadeland Buga KIO Yup Zau

68 GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

Hkawng Jadeland Hpawlamhpya Jadeland N'Mai Hka 2002-03 Jubilee m3 ( 380 45 10.4.4.1 The Southern Triangle 61-62 27 28 N'Mai Hku

Jadeland KIO Myitkyina- Sumprabum-Putao Myitkyina-Waingmaw- Bhamo KIO

255

Sut Masa Jadeland

Jinxin Jadeland Jinxin

N'Ban La Jinxin 163

7 Jadeland Myitkyina

Log trucks at KIO camp,

69 GLOBAL WITNESS / 11

11

Kenglom Kunhing-Takaw 256

Bao You Xiang 2004 Salween 2 Asia World Salween 6.4 257 Bao 18-19 UWSA 418 Ta Hsarm You Xiang / (UWSA/P) 400,000 265 64, 258 UWSA/P 16,000 20,000 Muse 205 SPDC Global Witness UWSA/P CPB 1989 Pangsan SLORC Meng'a Mengliang 260

UWSP 261 259

UWSP Global Witness

261 2004 UWSA/P

261 100

261

UWSP UWSA/P Pangsan

SPDC 2005 6 Global Witness SPDC Muse 98 Min Aung, Hlaing

UWSA/P UWSP 100 Central Dragon 1000 Asia World UWSA/P Hongpang 262 257 UWSA 261 Chiang Mai Mongton/Monghsat/Mongpiang 262

261

70 GLOBAL WITNESS / 11

Nawngkheo Mong-ngen Mongkhark Mongnoong UWSP 2005 6 26 Pangsan 257 2004 120 (UNODC) Kentung Pangsan 18 64

" 262 2003 1 2004 SPDC 257

263 64 UWSA/P SPDC 2004 10 Khin Nyunt 2005 1 Wei Hsueh-kang 3 UWSA 15 264, 265 1985 Wei UWSA UWSA UWSA

(ATS) 64 UWSP 266, 267 7 ATS 64

UWSA Pangsan UWSA 2004

71 GLOBAL WITNESS / 12

12

jj

SPC SPDC

KIA/O

268 SPDC 2005 9 5

269

jj (SPDC) (NLD)

72 / 13 I

1947 2 Panglong

13 273 274 1947 AFPFL ...... "270 kk 275 Chao-Tzang Yanwnghwe 2001 12

276

1,463 271

275

5000 100 1948 1 65% 1952 272 20 50

20 60 100

2004

73 / 13 I

1988 7 Ne Win

1988 9 Ne Win

SLORC 1988 1

275

SLORC

1989 SLORC

NLD 1990 5 Aung San Suu Kyi Aung San (Tatmadaw) Suu Kyi 1989 7 1995 SLORC

1962 3 2 Ne Win 1992 4

BSPP 12

(NCGUB)

1993 1 SLORC

ll 30 275 10 1995 1997 SLORC (SPDC) (ASEAN)

20 1968 2000 Aung San Suu Kyi 20 2002 5 Aung 20 80 San Suu Kyi Depayin (USDA)mm

Aung San Suu Kyi 1200 277 nn

CPB 45 Tatmadaw 40 50 USDA Than Shwe 1200 SPDC

74 / 13 I

11 Khin Nyunt

278 Than Shwe Maung Aye Khin Nyunt Than Shwe David I Steinberg 2001 282 SPDC Khin Nyunt Than Shwe Than Shwe Tatmadaw

Union of Myanmar Maung Aye Than 283 Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) Shwe Tatmadaw 279 Tatmadaw 400,000 280 284 72,000 4,500 281 285 100 1 Maung Aye 278

286

278

75 / 13 I

13.1 Khin Nyunt SPDC

286

SPDC Complete explanation on the developments in the country 2004 10 24 Aung San Suu Kyi 2005

13.1.1 SPDC SPDC 2003 8

9 287 2004 6 54 2003 8 30 Khin Nyunt SPDC SPDC

1996 U Win Aung 288 1990 Tin Hlaing Khin Nyunt

NDA(K) Chipwe 2004

76 / 13 I

2003 12 15 290 SPDC 10

SPDC

104 2004 4 1993 1996

2004 4 16 291 " " 7 9 SPDC 2005 2 13 oo 1996 2004 5 17 6 1088 6 1076 28 5 14

3 5 SPDC Thein Sein 289 Paulo Sergio 292, 293 Pinheiro 2005 2 17 2004

KIO

77 / 13 I

3 31 2005 11 2003 8 28 2004 2005 5 294 2 2003 SPDC Khin Nyunt 10 2005 15 138 1996 SSNA SSA(S) 191 295 2004 4 26 27 12 SPDC 2003 11 2004 San Pwint Mae Sot 2004 10 SPDC

SPDC 55 296 300 2004 1 5 2005 4 25 Khin Nyunt 301 Bo Mya SPDC 2004 297 ASEM SPDC 10 3 2004 10

16 SPDC 298 10 2005 3 Mutu SPDC 2006 50 2005 7 26 56 299

302 13.1.2

2003 7 28 2004 H.R 2330 10 24 Than Shwe 6 Than Shwe SPDC 8 SPDC Khin Nyunt 25 303

78 / 14 II

14 II

2001- 2002 2002-2003 2003-2004

304

The New Light of Myanmar 2003 5 6

Indo-Burma 2003-2004 150 m3 RWE 8.2 2,428,000 m3 RWE 60% 30-31 7,000 1,071 1,347 96 841 305

2005 1

(AAC)

SPDC 5 MTE DZGD qq rr ss

1970 15% 306

qq DZGD rr MTE DZGD ss

79 / 14 II

6 M RWE pp, 307

年允许砍伐量 最低非法出口量 ITTO 公布的生产量 12 官方公布的生产量

10

8

6

4 圆木等量体积（单位：百万立方米） 2

0 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 年份

1. SLORC/SDPC 2.

17

Tectona grandis 4 308 60% 34,000 75% 309 40 323,000 15 18 2,800 310 30 25% 2000 312

313

311 314

2004 4 Living Colour 315 5 pp (USDA) ITTO (EIU) MCSO ITTO EIU MCSO

80 / 14 II

14.1 12

SPDC

316 -- David I Steinberg 2000 3 -- ● 2003-04 SPDC 2004-05 SPDC 15% 3.77 4.3 15% ● 2004-05 SPDC 15% 4.2781 317 ● A Conflict of Interests 20% SPDC 220 m3 RWE

●

● 2003 130 m3 / 60% Global Witness

● 400,000 7 318 Tatmadaw 19-28 319

2003 12 Than Shwe

2004 3 31

286

SPDC 'Complete explanation on the developments in the country Khin Nyunt 2004 9 30 Than Shwe

Global Witness Khin Nyunt

Than Shwe Pyin Oo Lwin Kandawgyi 2004 2 Khin Nyunt 13 286

81 / 14 II

7 tt, uu, vv, 323, 324, 327

占出口收入的 百分比 25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0% 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 年份

8 ww MCSO /EIU

2.5 其它木材产品 薄板和胶合板 原木和锯切木 2.0

1.5 亿缅元, 名义值) ) 10 1.0

出口收入 ( 0.5

0.0 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 年份

tt Global Witness (MCSO) (EIU) uu vv MCSO " " " " " " " " EIU MCSO 1992-93 1997-98 " " ww 1998-99 2003-04

82 / 14 II

Laiza 2004

Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings 2005 6 2004-05 Limited (UMEHL) Myanmar Economic 3 Corporation (MEC) 2.5 325 UMEHL 2004-05 1990 4.2781 15% 326 SPDC

320 85% 12% 3% 327 8 A Conflict of Interests 28 2004 11 SPDC 321

1998 189,000 1.03% 327 4700 1% 322

2001 2.8 11% 309 2003 2004 15% 324 3.77 7 320

Pangwah NDA(K)

83 / 14 II

14.2 2001 1998 180 m3 RWE 2003 2003 20% 220 m3 RWE aaa

9 xx, yy, 328

1.4 2003 2002 1.2 2001 2000 1.0 1999 1998 0.8 1997 1996 0.6 1995

0.4 圆木当量体积 （百万立方米）

0.2

0.0 中国大陆 泰国 印度 巴基斯坦 新加坡 欧盟 中国台湾 香港 马来西亚 韩国 其它 进口国家/地区

10 yy,, zz, xx

180 2003 160 2002 2001 140 2000 120 1999 1998 100 1997 1996 80 1995 60 进口值 （百万立方米） 40

20 0 中国大陆 泰国 印度 巴基斯坦 新加坡 欧盟 中国台湾 香港 马来西亚 韩国 其它 进口国家/地区 xx yy 10,000 m3 RWE zz 1 2003 8 2 aaa

84 / 14 II

14.3 2001-2002 2003-2004 900,000 m3 RWE 12 1997 2001 1995 1996 vv

bbb MCSO ccc

11 329 MCSO

0.7 2001-02 2000-01 0.6 1999-00 0.5 1998-99 1997-98 0.4 1996-97 1995-96 0.3

0.2

木材量 （百万立方米） 0.1

0.0 中国大陆 泰国 印度 巴基斯坦 新加坡 欧盟 中国台湾 马来西亚 日本 其它 进口国家/地区

329 MCSO 800 2001-02 700 2000-01 600 1999-00 1998-99 500 1997-98 1996-97 400 1995-96 300

200

木材量 （百万立方米） 100

0.0 中国大陆 泰国 印度 巴基斯坦 新加坡 欧盟 中国台湾 马来西亚 日本 其它 进口国家/地区 bbb

ccc 100%

85 / 14 II

Thein Aung 2004

2004

86 / 14 II

14.4 Global Witness

330

SPDC Complete explanation on the developments in the country 2004 10 24

331

13 SLORC/SPDC M3 RWE ddd, xxx

官方出口 最低非法出口量： 2.0 - 其它木材 - 锯切木 - 原木 1.5

1.0

等值圆木（百万立方米） 0.5

0.0 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 年份 1. 2. SLORC/SDPC 3. ddd USDA MCSO MCSO

87 / 14 II

7.3 - 21-23

eee, fff

13

2003-2004 220 m3 RWE

2.5 2003-04 130 m3 RWE

3 ggg 2000-01 50 m3 RWE 14

2003 130 m3 RWE 2003-04 50 m3

14 M3 RWE hhh

中国 2.0 印度 1.8 其它 1.6 欧盟 出口 进口 中国香港 1.4 马来西亚 1.2 巴基斯坦 1.0 新加坡 泰国 0.8 0.6 0.4 圆木等量体积（百万立方米） 0.2 0.0 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 年份

MCSO MTE

2003 4.7 1 1.4 m3 1 1.8m3

88 / 15 III (FLEG)

15 III (FLEG)

FLEG 2001 9 20 150

(NGO)

FLEG

2001 9 11 13

-- --

------

89 / 15 III (FLEG)

●

2003 ● ● / / ●

ASEAN APEC ● / ASEAN APEC ●

(WSSD)

●

● G-8 ●

● – (GIS) – – 2001 9 13 – ● – – – – 2001 9 11 13 ● – – –

– II I.

● / ● ● / / ● ● ● / ● ● / ●

● ● ●

90 / 15 III (FLEG)

● ●

●

●

● II

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

● ●

● /

●

●

● ●

● ●

● ●

● / ● ● / / ●

● ● ●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

91 / 16 IV 2005 G8

16 IV 2005 G8

COM (2003) 251 Final 2003 5 21

1998 5 G8 332

G8 100 150 G8 G8 G8 G8 2005 3 17 18 G8 G8 G8

G8 G8

92 / 16 IV 2005 G8

G8 2. 333 G8 18% G8 220 334

G8 (FSC)

COM (2003) 251 Final 2003 5 21

Poul Nielson 2004 7 20

G8

1.

G8 2/3 334 G8

G8

93 / 16 IV 2005 G8

●

●

" "

2.

G8

G8

3.

Stiglitz 1998

● 335

4.

COM (2003) 251 Final 2003 5 21

● (IFM)

G8

● G8

G8

94 17 GLOBAL WITNESS

“The Usual Suspects – Liberia’s Weapons and Mercenaries in Côte d’Ivoire and Sierra Leone – Why it’s Still Possible, How it Works and How to Break the Trend” 2003 3 “Logging Off – How the Liberian Timber Industry Fuels Liberia’s Humanitarian Disaster and Threatens Sierra Leone” Global Witness 2002 9 “Deforestation without limits – How the Cambodian Government Failed to Tackle the Untouchables” 2002 7 Global Witness “All the Presidents’ Men – The Devastating Story of Oil and Banking in Angola’s Privatised War” Global Witness 2002 3 “Branching Out – Zimbabwe’s Resource Colonialism in Democratic Republic of Congo” 17 GLOBAL WITNESS 2002 1 “Can Controls Work? – A Review of the Angolan Diamond Control System” http://www.globalwitness.org 2001 12 “Taylor-made – The Pivotal Role of Liberia’s Forests and Flag of Convenience “A Guide to Independent Forest Monitoring” in Regional Conflict” 2005 7 2001 9 “Paying for Protection. The Freeport mine and the Indonesian security forces.” “The Credibility Gap – and the Need to Bridge It – Increasing the pace of 2005 7 forestry reform” “Under-Mining Peace: Tin – the Explosive Trade in Cassiterite in Eastern DRC.” 2001 5 2005 6 “Review of the Sierra Leone Diamond Certification System and Proposals “Timber, Taylor, Soldier, Spy. How Liberia’s uncontrolled resource and Recommendations for the Kimberley Process for a Fully Integrated exploitation, Charles Taylor’s manipulation and the re-recruitment of ex- Certification System (FICS)” combatants are threatening regional peace.” 2001 4 2005 6 “Conflict Diamonds – Possibilities for the Identification, Certification and “A Time for Justice. Why the International Community, UN Security Council Control of Diamonds” and Nigeria should help facilitate Charles Taylor’s immediate extradition to 2000 6 the Special Court of Sierra Leone.” “Chainsaws Speak Louder Than Words” 2005 6 2000 5 “Forest Law Enforcement in Cameroon. 3rd Summary Report of the “Timber Takeaway – Japanese Over-consumption – the Forgotten Campaign” Independent Observer. July 2003–February 2005” 2000 3 2005 4 “The Untouchables – Forest Crimes and the Concessionaires – Can Cambodia “Making it add up. A Constructive Critique of the EITI Reporting Guidelines Afford to Keep Them?” and Source Book” 1999 12 2005 1 “A Crude Awakening – The Role of the Oil and Banking Industries in Angola’s “Dangerous Liaisons. The continued relationship between Liberia’s natural Civil War and the Plundering of State Assets” resource industries, arms trafficking and regional insecurity” 1999 12 2004 12 “Made in Vietnam – Cut in Cambodia How the Garden Furniture Trade is “Taking a Cut. Institutionalised Corruption and Illegal Logging in Cambodia’s Destroying Rainforests” Aural Wildlife Sanctuary” 1999 4 2004 11 “Crackdown or Pause – A Chance for Forestry Reform in Cambodia?” “The Key to Kimberley: Internal Diamond Controls, Seven Case Studies” 1999 1 2004 10 Partnership Africa Canada “A Rough Trade – The Role of Companies and Governments in the Angolan “Rich Man Poor Man Development Diamonds and Poverty Diamonds. The Conflict” potential for change in the artisanal alluvial diamond fields of Africa” 1998 12 2004 10 Partnership Africa Canada “Going Places – Cambodia’s Future on the Move” “Déjà vu Diamond Industry Still Failing to Deliver on Promises” 1998 3 2004 10 “Just Deserts for Cambodia – Deforestation & the Co-Prime Ministers’ “Rush and Ruin. The Devastating Mineral Trade in Southern Katanga, DRC” Legacy to the Country” 2004 9 1997 6 “Resource - Curse or Cure? Reforming Liberia’s government and logging “A Tug of War – the Struggle to Protect Cambodia’s Forests” industry” 1997 3 2004 9 “Cambodia, Where Money Grows on Trees – Continuing Abuses of “Same Old Story – A background study on natural resources in the Cambodia’s Forest Policy” Democratic Republic of Congo” 1996 10 2004 6 “RGC Forest Policy & Practice – the Case for Positive Conditionality” “Liberia – Back To The Future What is the future of Liberia’s forests and its effects on regional peace?” 1996 5 2004 5 “Corruption, War & Forest Policy – the Unsustainable Exploitation of Cambodia’s Forests” “Broken Vows Exposing the “Loupe” Holes in the Diamond Industry’s Efforts to Prevent the Trade in Conflict Diamonds” 1996 1 2004 3 “Thai-Khmer Rouge Links & the Illegal Trade in Cambodia’s Timber” “Time for Transparency Coming clean on oil, mining and gas revenues” 1995 7 2004 3 “Forests, Famine & War – the Key to Cambodia’s Future” “For a Few Dollars More – How al Qaeda Moved into the Diamond Trade” 1995 5 2003 4

95 18

28 Democratic Voice of Burma, "Ethnic 54 "UN agency starts new feeding 80 "The timber 18 cease-fire groups warned to sever links with campaign to address HIV/AIDS in footprint of the G8 and China - Making the Burma MIS" 2004 10 27 Myanmar" 2004 3 19 case for green procurement by http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=3323 http://www.blia.org/english/UNNGO/ government" 2002 6 29 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar junta news2004/20040319b.htm 81 1 tells diplomats no policy shift with 55 The national AIDS Programme, Detroit Free Press China's http://www.forest- leadership change" 2004 10 22 "Myitkeena township HIV sero-prevalence timber use ravages forests treasure.com/measure/; 2004 Burma Issues Weekly No. 203 trend (1992-2002)" 2004 2005 3 7 2 Than Shwe 56 Shan Herald Agency for News, "AIDS in http://www.freep.com/money/busine 4/93 http://www.burmaissues.org/En/BIWe Shan State a Crisis" 2004 11 15 ss/timber7e_20050307.htm 1993 10 1 ekly/BIWeekly2004-10-28- 57 Bulletin of Experimental Treatments for 82 Global Witness 3 Howell, K. K., "Stroll through a Chinese 203.php#intelligence AIDS, "The Global Epidemic: HIV/AIDS in 2005 3 painting", California Academy of Sciences 30 Asia and the Pacific" 2002 / 83 2004 11 1 www.sfaf.org/treatment/beta/b51/b5 2001 9 13 www.calacademy.org/calwild/winter2 31 Associated Press, "Junta Dismisses Coup 1_asia.html+kachin+aids+hiv&hl=en 84 001/china2.html Rumors But Hints at Cabinet Shuffle" 58 / "Minister Bernard Bot presents outcome of 4 Xu Chenwen, "The choice beyond cross- 2005 1 29 HIV discussions on Burma" border trade" 32 Democratic Voice of Burma, "SPDC Gen "Population Movement and HIV/AIDS - the 2004 9 3 1993 Maung Aye saying farewell?" 2005 2 case of Ruili, Yunnan, China." 2003 http://www.eu2004.nl/default.asp?C 5 27 59 MS_ITEM=7E3E7F0BB7F84C04A8A3 http://english.people.com.cn/200403/ http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=4140 2004 4 8 EF476A176DA1X1X73538X52 22/eng20040322_138147.shtml 33 The Irrawaddy, "Long Prison Terms for 60 Council of Foreign Relations, Garrett, L., 85 "Council 6 Khin Nyunt's Associates" "HIV and National Security : Where are the Common Position 2004/730/CFSP of 2005 5 24 2005 5 Links?" 2005 7 18 October 2004" http://english.people.com.cn/200505/ http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.as http://www.cfr.org/pdf/HIV_National_ http://europa.eu.int/eur- 24/eng20050524_186590.html p?a=4576&z=9 Security.pdf ex/pri/en/oj/dat/2004/l_323/l_323200 7 34 Agence France Presse, "Trial opens 61 Kachin Women's Association Thailand, 41026en00170022.pdf http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzj inside Myanmar prison for "Driven Away: Trafficking of Kachin women 86 The Voice weekly Journal g/yzs/gjlb/2747/default.htm ex-premier Khin Nyunt"; 12 July 2005, from: on the China-Burma border" 2005 2005 1 17 8 http://206.190.35.122/s/afp/2005071 87 World Trade Atlas 2004 10 2 2/wl_asia_afp/myanmarpoliticsjustice/ http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/gold 9 New Light Myanmar, "Myanmar and nc:731 %20pdf1.pdf 88 China ink US$290 million deal in trade and 35 Agence France Presse, "Trial opens 62 The Flower News weekly 2004 10 25 MoU" 2005 7 8 inside Myanmar prison for ex-premier Khin 2005 2 2-8 89 Global Witness 10 Asian Tribune Nyunt" 2005 7 12 63 Wa Alternative Development Project 2005 5 http://www.asiantribune.com/show_ http://atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_ UNDCP 90 CITES, Annotation of the Himalayan Yew news.php?id=6202 Asia/GG12Ae01.html 64 The Economist, "One last harvest-A ban Taxus wallichiana in Appendix II, Ref. CoP 11 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar's new 36 Agence France Presse, "Former on opium will leave millions of farmers 13 Prop. 47 2004 10 hard line PM to make first foreign trip to Myanmar PM gets 44-year suspended without livelihoods" 91 "Cancer-fighting tree gets China" 2004 10 30 sentence" 2005 7 22 2005 2 10 protection" 2004 10 12 , 12 Houston Chronicle e-Edition, "China http://206.190.35.122/s/afp/2005072 http://www.economist.com/PrinterFri http://www.enn.com/today.html?id=118 shows its clout at regional trade summit" 2/wl_afp/myanmarpoliticsjustice/nc:731 endly.cfm?Story_ID=3652842 92 Global Witness 2004 11 29 37 2004 7 12 65 2004 13 http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzj 2004 5 20 93 CITES 2005 4 29 g/yzs/gjlb/2747/2749/t143049.htm 66 2004 6 3 14 38 1999 94 Global Witness 2005 5 24 http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzj 67 (2) 2004 http://english.people.com.cn/200505/ g/yzs/gjlb/2747/default.htm 1999 4 6-9 95 29 2003 24/eng20050524_186590.html 39 68 15 7 Day News Journal 2004 6 28 http://en.beijing- 2005 6 9 40 The New York Times, "Across Asia, 2008.org/98/15/article211621598.shtml 16 The Kachin Post, "Yunnan Officials Beijing's star is in ascendance" 2004 96 Global Witness KIO Visited Myitkyina" 2004 4 14 8 28 1999 4 6-9 2004 3 17 41 69 Lintner B., "Drugs and economic growth 97 World Trade Atlas 2005 5 24 2004 7 12 in Burma today". In: Pedersen M. et al. 98 18 2005 2 16 42 The Irrawaddy, "China Too" (eds.) "Burma-Myanmar: strong regime, 2004 12 29 19 "Burma/Myanmar: 2005 2 weak state?" 99 Project Maje, "Ashes and tears: How strong is the military regime?" 2000 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.as Hurst & Co., London 2000 interviews with refugees from Burma on 20 The Nation, "Drama in Rangoon: Khin p?a=4239&z=12 70 Davis A. and Hawke B. "Business is Guam" 2001 Nyunt ousted" 2004 10 20 43 The Road Map of Myanmar blooming. Is Myanmar Asia's first narco- www.projectmaje.org/txt/guam_rep.txt 21 The Irrawaddy, 'Coup Attempt Might 2003 8 30 state? Compelling evidence points to that 100 Global Witness Have Prompted Purge' 2004 11 44 Global Witness dubious distinction", Asiaweek; 2004 (1) 2004 1997 1 23 101 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.as 45 Fink C., "Living silence: Burma under 71 Global Witness KIO 2001 7 26 p?a=4110&z=24 military rule", Zed Books, London 2001 2004 102 1999 22 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar's 46 Global Witness 72 500 hardliner crackdown also a cash grab: 2005 2004 6 22 www.worldbank.org.cn/Chinese/cont analysts and opposition" 47 "Myanmar: the 73 ent/247n1214549.shtml 2004 10 22 military regime's view of the world", Asia http://english.people.com.cn/english/20 103 http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?t Report No.28 2001 0006/06/eng20000606_42385.html 1998 8 17 mpl=story&cid=1530&ncid=731&e=5 www.intl-crisis- 74 Agence France Presse, "China says 104 Heimo C. R., "Removing natural forest &u=/afp/20041022/wl_asia_afp/mya group.org/projects/asia/burma_myanm deforestation still a major environmental from timber production: a new challenge for nmar_corruption ar/reports/A400505_07122001-1.pdf problem" 2005 1 8 the development of forest industries in 23 CNN, "Myanmar scraps ex-PM's spy 48 Far Eastern Economic Review, "China http://www.terradaily.com/2005/050 China" agency"; 22 October 2004 holds the Indochina key" 2002 6 6 118102656.tgm9j244.html 24 Agence France Presse, as reported by the 49 Pedersen et al. (eds.), "Burma-Myanmar: 75 Washington Post, "China's globalizing 2000 5 15-17 Democratic Voice of Burma, "The trials of strong regime, weak state?", Hurst & Co, economy ravages Burma's forests" 2001 105 Êg Burmese MI agents begin in Rangoon"; London 2000 3 26 1999 8 18 January 2005, from: 50 Asia Pacific Media Services 76 CIA World Factbook 106 http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=3952 http://www.asiapacificms.com/articles 2005 3 25 Agence France Presse, "Two Myanmar /myanmar_influence/ www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ 1999 8 17 ministers 'permitted to retire'" 51 Global Witness 77 GLOBAL TIMBER. ORG. UK. 107 2005 11 5 2001 www.globaltimber.org.uk/china.htm 2004 7 23 26 Shanland News, "Khin Nyunt still towers 52 "HIV/AIDS as a 78 GLOBAL TIMBER. ORG. UK. 108 in Panghsang" security issue", Issues Report www.globaltimber.org.uk/ChinaIllegal www.shanland.org/Political/News_20 2001 6 19 ImpExp.htm 2005 5 25 05/Khin_Nyunt_still_towers_in_Pang 53 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar HIV 79 The Jakarta Post, "RI, China fail to agree 109 hsang.htm patients turn to meditation, herbs" on fighting illegal logging" http://www.adb.org/Documents/ 27 The Irrawaddy, "New PM already on the 2005 5 7 2005 4 26 Event/2005/GMS-Environment- Move" 10 21 Ministers-Meeting/default.asp http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.as 110 p?a=4079&z=24 2005 7 5

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111 141 Karhl F., Weyerhauser H., Yufang Su, 180 Global Witness Car Zan 216 Global Witness KIO 2005 5 27 Forest Trends, "An Overview of the Market 2004 2001 http://www.adb.org/projects/gms- Chain for China's Timber Product Imports 181 Moncreif J. and Htun Myat, "The war 217 Global Witness biodiversity/ from Myanmar" 2005 3 21 on Kachin forests", Irrawaddy Magazine, 9 2003 112 New Scientist, "Forests Plundered" 142 Centre for Biodiversity and Indigenous (8) 2001 218 Global Witness Yunseng 2003 10 25 Knowledge (CBIK), "Nujiang" 2004 182 Global Witness 113 Conservation International, 10 26 2001/2002 2004 "Biodiversity hotspots" 2004 http://www.cbik.org/cbik- 183 Rabinowitz A., "Beyond the last 219 Global Witness http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/x en/cbik/where_work/nujiang.htm village", Aurum Press, London 2002 2004 p/Hotspots 143 Kahrl, F. et al. "Navigating the border: 184 Irrawaddy, "Kachin cease-fire: killing 220 Pan Kachin Development Society 114 WWF, "Northern Triangle temperate An analysis of the China-Myanmar Timber the KIO softly", KIO 10 2002 forests" 2001 trade", Forest Trends, Washington D.C. (2) 2002 2 3 221 Global Witness http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld 2004 185 Global Witness 2002 /profiles/terrestrial/im/im0402_full.html 144 Global Witness 2003 7 222 KIO 115 WWF and IUCN (Lwin) 2001 186 Matthews B., "Ethnic and religious 2002 7 1 1995 145 diversity: Myanmar's unfolding nemesis", 223 Smith M., "Paradise Lost? The http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld 2002 12 16 Visiting Researchers Series No. 3, Institute suppression of environmental rights and /profiles/terrestrial/im/im0402_full.html english.tobaccochina.com/news.asp?id=3788 of Southeast Asian Studies 2001 freedom of expression in Burma",Article 19, 116 WWF and IUCN (Blower) 146 Global Witness 187 Global Witness London 1994 1995 2004 2004 224 Pan Kachin Development Society http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld 147 Global Witness 188 Ashley South, "Political Transition in 2002 /profiles/terrestrial/im/im0402_full.html Myanmar: A New Model for 225 Global Witness 117 " Northern 2004 Democratisation", Contemporary Southeast 2004 Forest Complex Project in Myanmar 148 Global Witness Asia, ISEAS, National Uni. Singapore,Vol. 26, 226 Global Witness http://savingwildplaces.com/swp- 2004 No. 2 2004 8 2004 4 home/swp-protectedareas/239687 149 Global Witness 189 Curtis w. Lambrecht, "Destruction and 227 Global Witness 118 Stuteville G., "Saving Tigers", National 2004 violation: Burma's border development 2004 4 Geographic 150 Global Witness policies", Watershed 1999 11 228 Global Witness http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ 2004 11 190 Shanland News, "Rangoon shares 2001 ngm/0404/feature5/online_extra.html 151 Global Witness border tax with ceasefire groups" 2005 229 Global Witness 119 Irrawaddy, "The greening of a 2004 2 3 2001 dictatorship" 2004 11 12 152 Global Witness www.shanland.org/General/2005/Ra 230 Pan Kachin Development Society 120 Global Witness KIO ngoon_shares_border_tax_with_ceas Pangwah 2003 2004 9 153 Global Witness efire_groups.htm 231 Global Witness Jadeland 121 Pan Kachin Development Society 2004 191 Global Witness 2004 2002-04 154 Global Witness 2005 7 232 Global Witness 122 2004 192 Mizzima News, "KIO factions likely to 2004 2004 3 19 155 Global Witness KIO reunite" 2004 9 29 233 SPDC 2004 4 123 The New Light of Myanmar [on line 2004 193 Global Witness KIO www.myanmarembassyparis.com/NB edition], "Secretary-2 Lt-Gen Thein Sein 156 Global Witness 1/Energy%20in%202004/APRILnews attends cash and kind donation ceremony 2004 2004 11 %20energy.html for flood-hit townships in Kachin State State 157 Global Witness 194 Global Witness 234 Rivers Watch East and Southeast Asia, places emphasis on maintenance, 2004 2004 preservation of forests to ensure balanced 158 Global Witness 195 Global Witness http://www.rwesa.org/burma_dam_y climate" 2004 7 26 2004 2004 akimoto.html 124 The Myanmar Times, "Havoc as river 159 Global Witness 196 Global Witness 235 Global Witness levels hit 30 year highs" 2004 2004 2004 2004 8 23-29 160 2005 197 The Irrawaddy, "Business interests may 236 Global Witness 125 The Myanmar Times, "Ayeyarwaddy http://www.wood168.net/selldetail.as be behind KIA assassination" 2005 River waters reach highest record levels" p?this=12984 2004 3 5 237 2003 2004 8 2-8 161 198 Kachin Post, Weekly Digest - 25 2004 126 Global Witness http://www.tstion.com/eindex.htm# September 2004 11 238 Global Witness KIO 2005 3 162 Global Witness http://www.kachinpost.com/digest.html; 2004 127 The Democratic Voice of Burma, (1) 2004 199 Global Witness 239 Global Witness "Kachin youth arrested in upper Burma for 163 Global Witness 2004 reporting floods" 2004 7 31 2004 11 2004 10 240 Global Witness 164 Global Witness 200 http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=2817 (2) 2004 2004 9 2004 128 Global Witness 165 Global Witness 201 The Irrawaddy, "KIO Accused of Bomb 241 Global Witness 2004 2004 Attack on NDA-K Leader" 2002 8 129 Associated Press, "Myanmar 166 Global Witness 2004 12 24 242 Global Witness government warns citizens as major rivers 2004 202 2005 7 2001-2002 continue to rise" 2004 7 30 167 Global Witness 203 KIO-SPDC 1994 243 Pan Kachin Development Society 130 Democratic Voice of Burma, "Kachin (1) 2004 204 Global Witness 2003 youth arrested in upper Burma for reporting 168 Global Witness 2002 244 Pan Kachin Development Society floods" 2004 7 31 2004 205 Global Witness 2003 http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=2817 169 Global Witness 2001 245 Global Witness 131 Global Witness (2) 2004 206 Dean K., "Tackling the territorial trap: 2004 2004 170 Global Witness Kachin divided by the Sino-Burmese 246 Khawng Langphu Township N'Mai Hku 132 WFP Emergency Report No.32 of 2004 boundary", PhD Thesis, National University Region Joint Commission's Report 2004 171 Newsweek, "A Reckless Harvest" of Singapore 2003 2004 6 http://www.sahims.net/doclibrary/Sah 2003 1 207 Global Witness KIO 247 California Academy of Sciences, "Biotic ims_Documents/WFP%20Emergency 172 2004 Survey of the Gaoligong Shan" %20Report%20No.%2032%20of%2 208 Global Witness KIO http//www.research.calacademy.org/y 02004_2.pdf 2005 1 20 2003 unnan 133 Global Witness 173 Global Witness 209 Mizzima News, "KIA Arrests Five SPDC 248 Global Witness KIO INGO 2005 2004 Soldiers" 2004 5 13 2002 134 Global Witness 174 Global Witness http://www.mizzima.com/archives/ne 249 NDA(K)-KCA-KIO 2004 11 2004 ws-in-2004/news-in-may/13-may04- "Khawng Langphu Township N'Mai Hku 135 Global Witness 175 Global Witness Nong 12.htm Region Joint Commission's Report" 136 2004 6 13 Dao 2005 6 210 Global Witness 2004 6 19 http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzj 176 Irrawaddy, "Chinese Military Trucks 2001 250 Global Witness KIO g/yzs/gjlb/2747/2749/t143132.htm Arrive" 2005 5 26 211 Global Witness 2001 137 Pan Kachin Development Society http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4 (3) 2004 251 2003 666&z=153 212 Global Witness 2005 8 138 The New York Times, "Across Asia, 177 Global Witness 2004 252 Global Witness Beijing's star is in ascendance" 2004 213 Global Witness KIO 2001 2004 8 28 178 Global Witness 2005 253 Global Witness 139 2005 2004 214 Global Witness 2004 http://www.gulintimber.com/gsjj1.htm 179 Global Witness Car Zan Myitkyina 2002 254 Global Witness 140 Pan Kachin Development Society 2004 215 Global Witness 2005 7 2003 2002

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255 Global Witness 286 SPDC "Complete Explanation 311 FAO/Ministry of Forestry, Asia-Pacific 322 KIO 2005 on the Developments in the country", Forestry Sector Outlook Study: Country http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId 256 Earth Island Institute, "China sends out General Thura Shwe Mann and Lt. General Report - Union of Myanmar: Working Paper =9124543 for Burmese logs" Soe Win 2004 10 24 No: APFSOS/WP/08 1997 323 2004 9 22 287 Global Witness 312 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar plans http://www.etrademyanmar.com/STATS/10.htm 257 Global Witness 2004 6 vast new plantations, especially for teak" 324 Economist Intelligence Unit Country 2004 288 Global News Wire, "Burmese Junta 2005 4 25 Profile - Myanmar 2004-2005 258 Irrawaddy, "UWSA Claims Wanted won't set timetable for democracy" 313 The Flower News 2005 6 8-14 325 Flower News quoted in Japan Drugs Suspects are Innocent" 2003 9 9 314 EarthRights International, "More of the Economic Newswire, "Myanmar earns 2005 1 28 289 Ashley South, "Political Transition in same: forced labour continues in Burma" US$300 mil. from teak exports" 2005 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.as Myanmar: A New Model for 2001 6 1 p?a=4340&z=153 Democratisation", Contemporary Southeast www.earthrights.org/pubs/moreofthesame.shtml 326 Day News Journal 2005 6 2-8 259 Global Witness Asia, ISEAS, National University, Singapore, 315 Bryant R. L., "The greening of Burma: 327 2004 Vol. 26, No. 2 2004 8 political rhetoric or sustainable www.myanmar.com/Ministry/Forest 260 Global Witness 290 "Asia Pacific UN Official Says Burmese development?" Pacific Affairs, 69 (3) 2004 2000 Constitutional Talks a Failure" 1996 328 World Trade Atlas Eurostat 261 Global Witness 2005 6 1 316 Steinberg D. I., "The problem of 2001 28http://quickstart.clari.net/voa/art/hp/91D Myanmar and Myanmar's problems", 329 262 S.H.A.N News, "New Commander 2CEBF-A774-45F6- presented at the Asia Regional Consultation http://www.etrademyanmar.com/STATS/s10 wants new deal" 2005 7 4 BA82E7D260F2CF51.html on Social Cohesion and Conflict Prevention, 03.htm 263 Global Witness 291 Irrawaddy, "No regime response yet to Manila 2000 3 16-17 330 Complete Explanation on the 2 2004 ceasefire groups' demands" 317 Day News Journal 2005 6 2-8 Developments in the country, General Thura 264 Shanland News, "Wa lauded by 2005 2 25 318 Steinberg D. I., "Strategic rivalries: Shwe Mann and Lt. General Soe Win; 24 populace" 2005 http://www.burmanet.org/bnn_today.shtml notes on the conference", presented at the October 2004 http://www.shanland.org/Political/New 292 Global Witness Conference on Strategic Rivalries on the Bay 331 Global Witness KIO s_2005/Wa_lauded_by_populace.htm of Bengal: The Burma/Myanmar Nexus, 2002 265 Shan Herald Agency for News, "Wa 2005 3 16 Cosmos Club, Washington, D.C 2001 332 G8 2005 Priorities freighters ply the Salween" 293 Agence France Presse, "Ten Shan 2 1 for Action On Combating Forest 2005 1 31 activists arrested in Myanmar for conspiracy: www.georgetown.edu/sfs/programs/asia/pu Destruction 2005 1 266 Global Witness minister" 2005 3 15 blications/conferences/cr_strategic_rivalries.htm 333 G8 2003 6 5 2005 1 294 "Myanmar halts 319 ILO, Developments concerning the 334 "The Timber 267 Global Witness constitution talks, blames weather" question of the observance by the Footprint of the G8 and China: making the 2005 1 2005 3 31 Government of Myanmar of the Forced case for green procurement by 268 KIO 2005 1 295 "Myanmar Shan rebels join Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), Report government" 2002 269 forces against Junta" of the High-Level Team 2001 335 Foreign Operations, Export Financing, 2005 9 5 2005 5 22 320 and Related Programs Appropriations Act 270 Chao-Tzang Yawnghwe, "Burma and http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.a 2005 1 20 2005 national reconciliation: ethnic conflict and spx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-05- 321 Kachin News Group 2004 11 state-society dysfunction", Legal Issues on 22T065403Z_01_N22169753_RTRIDST_0 Burma Journal No.10 2001 _INTERNATIONAL-MYANMAR-REBELS- http://www.kachinnews.com/Kachin/Shiga/2 271 CIA World Factbook 2002 DC.XML 004/November/13_11_2004_maisak%20 272 Matthews B., "Ethnic and religious 296 Irrawaddy 2003 12 4 diversity: Myanmar's unfolding nemesis", 297 Irrawaddy, "Chronology of meetings Visiting Researchers Series No.3, Institute of between the Karen National Union & Southeast Asian Studies 2001 Burma's military government" 273 Panglong 5 2004 3 www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/panglong_agreem 298 Associated Press, "Karen rebels return ent.htm from Yangon after peace talks cut short by 274 Panglong 7 Myanmar prime minister's removal" www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/panglong_agreem 2004 10 21 ent.htm 299 "Rebel in Myanmar 275 Smith M., "Burma (Myanmar): The time promises a long war" IUCN for change", Minority Rights Group 2005 3 1 International 2002 http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/02/28/ne (NC-IUCN/TRP) 276 Smith M., "Ethnic groups in Burma", ws/myanmar.html Anti-Slavery International, London 1994 300 277 "Partial List 2004 10 11 of Political Prisoners in Burma" 2005 www.eu2004.nl 8 8 http://www.aappb.net/ 301 "The 278 Steinberg D. I., "Burma: the State of EU's Relations with Burma/Myanmar" NC-IUCN/TRP Myanmar", Georgetown University Press 2005 5 2001 http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relation NC-IUCN 279 Irrawaddy, " Tatmadaw: the enemy s/myanmar/intro/ within", 8 (3) 2000 3 302 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar 280 "Myanmar: the Gives Up 2006 ASEAN Chairmanship" future of the armed forces" 2002 2005 7 26 281 Callahan M., "Junta dreams or 303 BBC News "Burma leader in nightmares? Observations of Burma's rare India talks" 2004 10 25 military since 1988", Bulletin of Concerned 304 The New Light of Myanmar, Asian Scholars 31: 3 1999 (Perspectives), "To make collective efforts 282 Callahan M., "Cracks in the edifice: for keeping environs green" military-society relations in Burma since 2003 5 29 1988". In: Morten Peterson and Emily 305 "Forestry in Global Witness Rudland (eds.) Burma: Strong Regime/Weak Myanmar" 2000 6 State, Crawford House, Adelaide 2000 306 Brunner J., Talbot K. and Elkin C., 283 Asiaweek, "Who rules on the ground? "Logging Burma's frontier forests: resources The power of Myanmar's area and the regime", World Resources commanders" 1999 9 3 Institute 1998 Global Witness 284 Rajah A., "Burma: Protracted conflict, 307 ITTO governance and non-traditional security http://www.itto.or.jp/live/PageDisplayHandle issues", Institute of Defence and Strategic r?pageId=199 Studies, Working Paper 14, Singapore 308 Seminar paper presented by TEAKNET 2001 at the Third Regional Seminar on Teak 285 Steinberg D. I., "Strategic rivalries: 2000 notes on the conference", presented at the 309 2001-2002 Conference on Strategic Rivalries on the Bay 2002 8 5 of Bengal: The Burma/Myanmar Nexus, 310 "Forestry in 2004 Cosmos Club, Washington, D.C. 2001 Myanmar" 2000 6 2 1 www.georgetown.edu/sfs/programs/asia/pu blications/conferences/cr_strategic_rivalries. htm

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