DOCSLIB.ORG

Developing a Strategy to Strengthen the Christian Discipleship of Kachin Youth in Myanmar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Please HONOR the copyright of these documents by not retransmitting or making any additional copies in any form (Except for private personal use). We appreciate your respectful cooperation. ___________________________ Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) P.O. Box 30183 Portland, Oregon 97294 USA Website: www.tren.com E-mail: [email protected] Phone# 1-800-334-8736 ___________________________ ATTENTION CATALOGING LIBRARIANS TREN ID# Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) MARC Record # Digital Object Identification DOI # Ministry Focus Paper Approval Sheet This ministry focus paper entitled DEVELOPING A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHEN THE CHRISTIAN DISCIPLESHIP OF KACHIN YOUTH IN MYANMAR Written by MAW SAN AWNG and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Ministry has been accepted by the Faculty of Fuller Theological Seminary upon the recommendation of the undersigned readers: _____________________________________ Chap Clark _____________________________________ Kurt Fredrickson Date Received: March 18, 2013 DEVELOPING A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHEN THE CHRISTIAN DISCIPLESHIP OF KACHIN YOUTH IN MYANMAR A MINISTRY FOCUS PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY FULLER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF MINISTRY BY MAW SAN AWNG MARCH 2013 ABSTRACT Developing a Strategy to Strengthen the Christian Discipleship of Kachin Youth in Myanmar Maw San Awng Doctor of Ministry School of Theology, Fuller Theological Seminary 2013 This project will discuss ways to strengthen the Christian discipleship of Kachin youth. The Kachins became Christians through American missionaries during the British colonization of present-day Myanmar (Burma). Soon after independence, the Kachins were called the followers of a colonial religion and lost their opportunity for advancement in a mainly Buddhist country. In 1962, the Burmese version of a socialist government came to power and closed the country’s door to the outside world. Conflict started due to unjust and unequal power sharing among ethnic people. When war began, the Kachins were still in the early stages of Christianity, modern education, and social development. After fifty years of suffering, Kachin youth and the future society of all Kachins are now threatened. There are three parts to this paper. To give a full picture of the current ministry context, the first part presents the historical, social, political, and religious background of Kachin society. The second part discusses a biblical and theological response to the current issues of Kachin youth and the role of the Kachin Baptist Convention in Kachin society. This part also examines how Kachin youth understand Christian spirituality and Christian discipleship in their struggle. Ultimately, it offers a practical contextual theology. Since 98 percent of Kachins are Christians, in order to build hope for the future of Kachin society it is important to strengthen the Christian discipleship of Kachin youth, so that they will be able to overcome current obstacles. For this reason, the third part offers practical youth ministry programs to transform and empower Kachin young people. To build hope, Kachin Baptist churches must start both a spiritual and social ministry to strengthen youth spiritually, educationally, and professionally for their stable and successful life in Christ. Content Reader: Chap Clark, PhD Words: 290 To my beloved wife, Sarama Zinghang Ban Mai, and my beloved children, Jum Hpung San Awng and Jum Moon San Mai ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, with heartfelt joy, I would like to thank God Almighty for calling me into His ministry and giving me a chance to prepare at Fuller Theological Seminary for His Kingdom. I am also very thankful to my theological mentor, Dr. Chapman R. Clark, who patiently helped and guided me to be able to write this ministry focus paper. And I am very grateful to the professors and staff of the Doctor of Ministry Program. I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Claude and Betty Bennett and the National Presbyterian Church, who helped me to go to Fuller Theological Seminary and supported my tuition. My deepest appreciation also goes to Mr. and Mrs. Peter and Elizabeth Forster, who kindly and generously supported my living expenses. To Drs. Mark and Sarah Yamaguchi, thank you for helping to bring my family to the United States and for your financial support during my studies here at Fuller Theological Seminary. Without your generosity, I would not have been able to come to study. I am also indebted to the Kachin Baptist Church of Mandalay and Kachin Baptist members from Myanmar both here and in the United States. To my uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. Dawshi Yawba, thank you for your prayers, encouragement, and support during my study. My heartfelt honor and respect go to my parents, Slg. Jum Doi La and Sarama Lazum Lu Jan, who brought me into this world and did for me with all their best until today, and to my parents-in-law, Slg. Zinghang Joseph Naw Din and Sarama Malizup Nang Pri, for your love, encouragement, and prayer. Without your support I would not have been able to study abroad. Finally, I would like to express special appreciation with all my heart to my beloved wife, Sarama Zinghang Ban Mai, and my two children, Jum Hpung San Awng and Jum Moon San Mai, for your love, patience, and kindness. Without your support, I would not have been able to finish my doctoral studies. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv INTRODUCTION 1 PART ONE: LOSING HOPE FOR THE FUTURE OF KACHIN SOCIETY: BACKGROUND AND HISTORY Chapter 1. THE HISTORY OF THE KACHIN PEOPLE 9 Chapter 2. THE CURRENT SITUATION OF THE KACHIN PEOPLE WHICH IMPACTS THE LIVES OF KACHIN YOUTH 26 PART TWO: FINDING HOPE FOR THE FUTURE OF KACHIN SOCIETY Chapter 3. IMPACT OF SOCIAL SETTING UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF KACHIN YOUTH 65 Chapter 4. THEOLOGICAL REFLECTION ON THE CURRENT SITUATION OF KACHIN YOUTH 82 Chapter 5. THE NEED FOR TRANSFORMATIONAL MINISTRY FOR KACHIN YOUTH 105 PART THREE: BUILDING HOPE FOR THE FUTURE OF KACHIN SOCIETY Chapter 6. KNOWING JESUS AND FOLLOWING JESUS: STRENGTHENING THE SPIRITUALITY OF KACHIN YOUTH 131 Chapter 7. FOLLOWING JESUS IN FULL DIGNITY OF GOD’S IMAGE: STRENGTHENING KACHIN YOUTH IN EDUCATIONAL MINISTRY 167 Chapter 8. FOLLOWING JESUS IN FULL CAPACITY OF GOD’S IMAGE: STRENGTHENING KACHIN YOUTH IN VOCATIONAL MINISTRY 178 CONCLUSION 189 BIBLIOGRAPHY 195 v INTRODUCTION When the discipleship of younger generations of Christians is impeded over the course of decades, the future existence of that Christian society becomes questionable. This is what is happening to the Kachins. After suffering from over fifty years of ethnic conflict, the Kachin people in the northern part of Myanmar (Burma) face enormous issues that have to be solved for the future of their society. The Kachins were introduced to Christianity by American missionaries in the late 1800s. Since then, Christianity has been growing among the Kachins. Today 98 percent of Kachins are Christian. “Among the most virile and fast-growing Christian groups in Burma are the Kachin Baptists.”1 However, having rich and valuable natural resources and belonging to Christianity have resulted in suffering for the Kachins in the northern part of Myanmar. Today, more than 50 percent of Kachin youth in several towns and villages are trapped in drug addiction. The rates of young Kachin women involved in the sex industries are getting higher year by year. The rates of the younger generation leaving their homeland to find safety and a better future elsewhere also are rising. Desiring to protect their own God-given dignity, rights, and their homeland, serving in the independent army has become an unavoidable responsibility for young Kachins. Due to ethnic conflict, Kachin church members have had to abandon their homes and properties and hide in the jungle where their lives will be safe. Tens of thousands of children’s educational opportunities have been eliminated by the conflict. 1 Herman G. Tegenfeldt, A Century of Growth: The Kachin Baptist Church of Burma (Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 1974), 23. 1 Under these several and also extreme critical issues, the future of the Kachin society has fallen into danger.2 In 1961, when the prime minister of Burma tried to declare Buddhism as the state religion the Kachins, the Chin, and the Karens who adhere to the Christian religion started protesting against the government’s decision. In the following year, Kachin nationalists took up arms against the government in response to the Burmese political establishment. On March 2, 1962, the military took over the government and General Nay Win led the country into a Burmese version of socialism. He closed the country’s door and expelled all the missionaries from Myanmar.3 The Kachin Christians started suffering from many kinds of problems, both physically and spiritually, due to the conflicts between the Kachin Independent Army and the government. Technically, the nationalism of the Kachins started from unjust and unequal power sharing among ethnic people in Myanmar after the independence from the British. Unfortunately, religious discrimination toward the minority was one of the biggest factors of the cause of the conflict. During all those years of conflict, as the Kachin State is in a landlocked area, neighboring with the People’s Republic of China—a communist country which has almost no concern in promoting human rights—the Kachins have been suffering from unjust discrimination by the government without the international community knowing for over fifty years. 2 La Rip Lama, A Report of Relief Action Network for Internal Displaced People and Refugees in Kachin State (Laiza, Myanmar: Relief Action Network for Internal Displaced People and Refugees, June 8, 2012), 3. 3 David I. Steinberg, Burma/Myanmar (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 60. 2 Eugenio Kincaid, who came to Burma in 1830, was the first missionary who met the Kachins.
Recommended publications

  • Some Documented Cases of Linguistic Change

    APPENDIX I SOME DOCUMENTED CASES OF LINGUISTIC CHANGE 1. Jinghpaw become Shan The first European to visit Hkamti Long (Putao) was Wilcox in 1828. He recorded of the Shan area that 'the mass of the labouring population is of the Kha-phok tribe whose dialect is closely allied to the Singpho'. Other non-Shan dependents of the Shans were the Kha-lang with villages on the Nam Lang 'whose language more nearly resembles that of the Singpho than that of the Nogmung tribe who are on the Nam Tisang'. The prefix 'Kha-' in Hkamti Shan denotes a serf: 'phok' (hpaw) is a term applied by Maru and Hkamti Shans to Jinghpaw. Kha-phok therefore means 'serf Jinghpaw'. In 1925 Barnard described Hkamti Long as he knew it. He noted that the Shan population included a substantial serf class (lok hka) divided into various 'tribes' which he supposes to have been of Tibetan origin, but he remarks: 'I have not been able to obtain even a small vocabulary of their language as they have been absorbed into the Shans whose language and dress they have completely adopted.' It would appear that Barnard's lok hka must include the descendants of Wilcox's Kha-phok and Kha-lang. The inhabitants of 'the villages on the Nam Lang' now speak Shan; but the Jinghpaw-speaking population on the other side of the Mali Hka-who call them­ selves Duleng-claim to be related to these 'Shans' of the Nam Lang. Of the Nogmung, Barnard recorded: '(They) are gradually being absorbed by the Shans .
  • KACHIN STATE, BHAMO DISTRICT Bhamo Township Report

    KACHIN STATE, BHAMO DISTRICT Bhamo Township Report

    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census KACHIN STATE, BHAMO DISTRICT Bhamo Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Kachin State, Bhamo District Bhamo Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population Office No.48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431062 www.dop.gov.mm October 2017 Figure 1: Map of Kachin State, showing the townships Bhamo Township Figures at a Glance 1 Total Population 135,877 2 Population males 66,718 (49.1%) Population females 69,159 (50.9%) Percentage of urban population 43.2% Area (Km2) 1,965.8 3 Population density (per Km2) 69.1 persons Median age 25.2 years Number of wards 13 Number of village tracts 45 Number of private households 24,161 Percentage of female headed households 29.7% Mean household size 4.9 persons 4 Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 30.5% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 64.8% Elderly population (65+ years) 4.7% Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 54.2 Child dependency ratio 46.9 Old dependency ratio 7.3 Ageing index 15.5 Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 97 Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 94.7% Male 96.8% Female 93.0% People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 7,448 5.5 Walking 2,977 2.2 Seeing 4,114 3.0 Hearing 2,262 1.7 Remembering 2,380 1.8 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per cent Citizenship Scrutiny 81,655 74.7 Associate Scrutiny
  • A Kachin Case Study

    A Kachin Case Study

    MUSEUMS, DIASPORA COMMUNITIES AND DIASPORIC CULTURES A KACHIN CASE STUDY HELEN MEARS PHD 2019 0 Abstract This thesis adds to the growing body of literature on museums and source communities through addressing a hitherto under-examined area of activity: the interactions between museums and diaspora communities. It does so through a focus on the cultural practices and museum engagements of the Kachin community from northern Myanmar. The shift in museum practice prompted by increased interaction with source communities from the 1980s onwards has led to fundamental changes in museum policy. Indeed, this shift has been described as “one of the most important developments in the history of museums” (Peers and Brown, 2003, p.1). However, it was a shift informed by the interests and perspectives of an ethnocentric museology, and, for these reasons, analysis of its symptoms has remained largely focussed on the museum institution rather than the communities which historically contributed to these institutions’ collections. Moreover, it was a shift which did not fully take account of the increasingly mobile and transnational nature of these communities. This thesis, researched and written by a museum curator, was initiated by the longstanding and active engagement of Kachin people with historical materials in the collections of Brighton Museum & Art Gallery. In closely attending to the cultural interests and habits of overseas Kachin communities, rather than those of the Museum, the thesis responds to Christina Kreps’ call to researchers to “liberate our thinking from Eurocentric notions of what constitutes the museum and museological behaviour” (2003, p.x). Through interviews with individual members of three overseas Kachin communities and the examination of a range of Kachin-related cultural productions, it demonstrates the extent to which Kachin people, like museums, are highly engaged in heritage and cultural preservation, albeit in ways which are distinctive to normative museum practices of collecting, display and interpretation.
  • Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar

    Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar

    Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar Asia Report N°312 | 28 August 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. A Legacy of Division ......................................................................................................... 4 A. Who Lives in Myanmar? ............................................................................................ 4 B. Those Who Belong and Those Who Don’t ................................................................. 5 C. Contemporary Ramifications..................................................................................... 7 III. Liberalisation and Ethno-nationalism ............................................................................. 9 IV. The Militarisation of Ethnicity ......................................................................................... 13 A. The Rise and Fall of the Kaungkha Militia ................................................................ 14 B. The Shanni: A New Ethnic Armed Group ................................................................. 18 C. An Uncertain Fate for Upland People in Rakhine
  • THE STATE of LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS in KACHIN Photo Credits

    THE STATE of LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS in KACHIN Photo Credits

    Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN KACHIN Photo credits Mike Adair Emilie Röell Myanmar Survey Research A photo record of the UNDP Governance Mapping Trip for Kachin State. Travel to Tanai, Putao, Momauk and Myitkyina townships from Jan 6 to Jan 23, 2015 is available here: http://tinyurl.com/Kachin-Trip-2015 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of UNDP. Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN KACHIN UNDP MYANMAR Table of Contents Acknowledgements II Acronyms III Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 5 2. Kachin State 7 2.1 Kachin geography 9 2.2 Population distribution 10 2.3 Socio-economic dimensions 11 2.4 Some historical perspectives 13 2.5 Current security situation 18 2.6 State institutions 18 3. Methodology 24 3.1 Objectives of mapping 25 3.2 Mapping tools 25 3.3 Selected townships in Kachin 26 4. Governance at the front line – Findings on participation, responsiveness and accountability for service provision 27 4.1 Introduction to the townships 28 4.1.1 Overarching development priorities 33 4.1.2 Safety and security perceptions 34 4.1.3 Citizens’ views on overall improvements 36 4.1.4 Service Provider’s and people’s views on improvements and challenges in selected basic services 37 4.1.5 Issues pertaining to access services 54 4.2 Development planning and participation 57 4.2.1 Development committees 58 4.2.2 Planning and use of development funds 61 4.2.3 Challenges to township planning and participatory development 65 4.3 Information, transparency and accountability 67 4.3.1 Information at township level 67 4.3.2 TDSCs and TMACs as accountability mechanisms 69 4.3.3 WA/VTAs and W/VTSDCs 70 4.3.4 Grievances and disputes 75 4.3.5 Citizens’ awareness and freedom to express 78 4.3.6 Role of civil society organisations 81 5.
  • Research Article WILDMEN in MYANMAR

    Research Article WILDMEN in MYANMAR

    The RELICT HOMINOID INQUIRY 4:53-66 (2015) Research Article WILDMEN IN MYANMAR: A COMPENDIUM OF PUBLISHED ACCOUNTS AND REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE Steven G. Platt1, Thomas R. Rainwater2* 1 Wildlife Conservation Society-Myanmar Program, Office Block C-1, Aye Yeik Mon 1st Street, Hlaing Township, Yangon, Myanmar 2 Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, P.O. Box 596, Georgetown, SC 29442, USA ABSTRACT. In contrast to other countries in Asia, little is known concerning the possible occurrence of undescribed Hominoidea (i.e., wildmen) in Myanmar (Burma). We here present six accounts from Myanmar describing wildmen or their sign published between 1910 and 1972; three of these reports antedate popularization of wildmen (e.g., yeti and sasquatch) in the global media. Most reports emanate from mountainous regions of northern Myanmar (primarily Kachin State) where wildmen appear to inhabit montane forests. Wildman tracks are described as superficially similar to human (Homo sapiens) footprints, and about the same size to almost twice the size of human tracks. Presumptive pressure ridges were described in one set of wildman tracks. Accounts suggest wildmen are bipedal, 120-245 cm in height, and covered in longish pale to orange-red hair with a head-neck ruff. Wildmen are said to utter distinctive vocalizations, emit strong odors, and sometimes behave aggressively towards humans. Published accounts of wildmen in Myanmar are largely based on narratives provided by indigenous informants. We found nothing to indicate informants were attempting to beguile investigators, and consider it unlikely that wildmen might be confused with other large mammals native to the region.
  • Current Ethnic Issues (Kachin & Shan)

    Current Ethnic Issues (Kachin & Shan)

    Current Ethnic Issues (Kachin & Shan) Report By Foreign Affairs United Nationalities Federal Council (UNFC) Date: 7th July, 2011 “Current Kachin Conflict & list of Internally Displaced People” 1) On June, 8th 2011 KIA arrested 3 servicemen of Burma Army Light Infantry Battalion 437 (Including 2 officers) who covertly entered into KIO’s restricted area to gather intelligence. At 5:00 pm, Burma Army soldiers stormed into KIO liaison office in Sang Gang Village and arbitrarily arrested Liaison officer Lance Corporal Chyang Ying. 2) On June 9th at 7:00am, 200 Burma Army soldiers marched into Sang Gang Post unannounced and started shooting at KIA troops. KIA shot back and fire fight lasted close to three hours. 3 Burma Army soldiers killed and 6 injured. And, 2 KIA soldiers injured. KIA negotiated with the Northern Command Burma Army to exchange 3 Burma Army captives for all of KIA servicemen captured in the past years and also Liaison Officer Chyang Ying. Burma Army replied that all other captives have been forwarded to the courts since we are the government that is governed by the rule of law. However, we still have Chyang Ying in our custody, and if desired he could be exchanged for the 3 captives in your custody. 3) On June 10th 2011, in good faith, KIA obliged to their request, and release the 2 officers and 1 private. When Chyang Ying was to be returned, five Burma Army soldiers carried his corpse to bring back his dead body. The Liaison Officer was inhumanely tortured and brutally beaten during interrogation and laid under the sun on the front lawn of the Burma Army post.
  • 2012 ERF Annual Report

    2012 ERF Annual Report

    Humanitarian Multi-Stakeholder Fund Myanmar Credit: ADRA Myanmar Annual Report 2012 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Humanitarian Multi-Stakeholder Fund – Myanmar Annual Report 2012 Note from the Humanitarian Coordinator The Humanitarian Multi-Stakeholder Fund (HMSF) is In 2012, the HMSF demonstrated that it is an essential the Emergency Response Fund for Myanmar. The HMSF humanitarian funding tool that addresses urgent needs of provides rapid and flexible funding to address the urgent displaced people in remote areas in Myanmar where humanitarian needs of people in insecure areas, including access remains limited for the international community. those internally displaced. This in-country funding During the reporting period, the HMSF supported five mechanism facilitates the coordination of emergency projects implemented by five international non- response activities, strengthens partnerships, and governmental organisations (INGO) in partnership with complements existing funding channels in Myanmar. It five CBOs. enables humanitarian partners to meet the short-term emergency needs of vulnerable communities. The HMSF The establishment of partnerships between INGOs and is not intended to support activities that are outside the CBOs proved to be a successful strategy, enabling the scope of the humanitarian response or which could be HMSF to reach a wider number of beneficiaries and to better addressed through development channels. develop the capacity of local organisations. The international community’s determination to support Through the implementation of HMSF-funded projects, humanitarian operations in Myanmar has led to various around 35,000 people received assistance in 2012. creative initiatives to ensure those most in need are assisted. The HMSF represents an innovative approach to Project activities impacted the life of beneficiaries by: targeting populations otherwise inaccessible to improving access to safe and clean water; improving international agencies and organisations.
  • MOSAIC Working Paper Series No

    MOSAIC Working Paper Series No

    MOSAIC Working Paper Series No. 3 Intersections of land grabs and climate change mitigation strategies in Myanmar as a (post-) war state of conflict Kevin Woods May 2015 Intersections of land grabs and climate change mitigation strategies in Myanmar as a (post‐) war state of conflict By Kevin Woods Published by: MOSAIC Research Project: Climate change mitigation policies, land grabbing and conflict in fragile states: understanding intersections, exploring transformations in Myanmar and Cambodia http://www.iss.nl/mosaic International Institute of Social Studies P.O. Box 29776, 2502 LT The Hague, The Netherlands Tel: +31 70 426 0460 | Fax: +31 70 426 079 E­mail: [email protected] | Website: www.iss.nl RCSD Chiang Mai University Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 THAILAND Tel. 66­53­943595/6 | Fax. 66­53­893279 Email : [email protected] | Website : http://rcsd.soc.cmu.ac.th Funded by the NWO and DFID through the CoCooN - Conflict and Cooperation in the Management of Climate Change - Integrated Project. Abstract Myanmar has recently positioned itself as the world’s newest frontier market, while simultaneously undergoing transition to a post-war, neoliberal state. The new Myanmar government has put the country’s land and resources up for sale with the quick passing of market-friendly laws turning land into a commodity. Meanwhile, the Myanmar government has been engaging in a highly contentious national peace process, in an attempt to end one of the world's longest running civil wars. The Myanmar government has aggressively pushed for foreign investment in large-scale private agribusiness concessions through the introduction of a new supportive legal framework, with regional, and to a lesser extent, global corporations signing concession deals, some of which are meant for biofuel production.
  • SRHR, HIV and Nutrition Support in Bhamo District, Kachin State

    SRHR, HIV and Nutrition Support in Bhamo District, Kachin State

    Sep 27, 2021, 8:07:05 AM Call for Expression of Interest SRHR, HIV and Nutrition Support in Bhamo District, Kachin State CEF/MMR/2021/002 1 Timeline Posted Jan 29, 2021 Clarification Request Deadline Feb 4, 2021 Application Deadline Feb 7, 2021 Notification of Results Feb 14, 2021 Start Date Mar 1, 2021 End Date Feb 28, 2022 2 Locations A Myanmar a Kachin State 3 Sector(s) and area(s) of specialization A Health a HIV/AIDS B Nutrition a Infant and young child feeding b Malnutrition prevention and treatment c Micronutrients 4 Issuing Agency UNICEF 5 Project Background Myanmar still has one of the highest mortality rates for children under the age of five in the ASEAN region. According to the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS-2015-2016), the mortality rate for under-fives was 50 deaths per 1,000 live births, most of them died within the first month of life. Many children in Myanmar struggle to access adequate nutrition, only 16 per cent of young children received a minimum acceptable. The rate of stunting among children under 5 has dropped but remains nearly one out of four children in Kachin are stunted (Ref: Myanmar Micronutrient Food Consumption Survey; MMFCS-2017-2018). Maternal undernutrition poses serious risks for both mother and child, including low birth weight for the newborn child and susceptibility to disease. Geographical disparities across states, region and townships are high as well as urban and rural differences. Nearly half (45%) of pregnant women in Kachin suffered anemia while national average is 40% and one in three (33%) of children 6-59 months in Kachin are anemic (Ref: MMFCS-2017-2018).
  • Full Text, a History of the Baptists, Thomas Armitage

    Full Text, a History of the Baptists, Thomas Armitage

    A HISTORY OF THE BAPTISTS By Thomas Armitage THE AMERICAN BAPTISTS I. THE COLONIAL PERIOD. PILGRIMS AND PURITANS The passage of the Mayflower over the Atlantic was long and rough. Often before its bosom had been torn by keels seeking the golden fleece for kings, but now the kings themselves were on board this frail craft, bringing the golden fleece with them; and the old deep had all that she could do to bear this load of royalty safely over. Stern as she was, the men borne on her waves were sterner. More than a new empire was intrusted to her care, a new freedom. 'What ailed thee, O sea?' When this historic ship came to her moorings, not unlike the vessel tossed on Galilee, she was freighted with principles, convictions, institutions and laws. These should first govern a quarter of the globe here, and then go back to the Old World to effect its regeneration and shape its future. THE PILGRIMS knew not that the King of all men was so signally with them in the bark, and would send them forth as the fishers of Gennesaret were sent, on an errand of revolution. In intellect, conscience and true soul-greatness, these quiet founders of a new nation were highly gifted, so that song and story will send their names down to the end of time on the bead-roll of fame. The monarchs of the earth have already raised their crowns in reverence to their greatness, and they are canonized in the moral forces which impelled and followed them.
  • Copyright © 2020 Wayne Robert Brandow

    Copyright © 2020 Wayne Robert Brandow

    Copyright © 2020 Wayne Robert Brandow All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including without limitation, preservation, or instruction. THE CENTRALITY OF THE CHURCH COVENANT AMONG THE EARLY SEPARATE BAPTISTS ON THE NEW YORK FRONTIER __________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Theology __________________ by Wayne Robert Brandow December 2020 APPROVAL SHEET THE CENTRALITY OF THE CHURCH COVENANT AMONG THE EARLY SEPARATE BAPTISTS ON THE NEW YORK FRONTIER Wayne Robert Brandow Read and Approved by: ___________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin (Faculty Supervisor) Date_______________________________ To my father, Roy H. Brandow, who taught me self-reliance by expecting tasks assigned to be completed without excuse and through whose generosity I was able to pursue this degree, and to the LORD, who gave me such a father. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi PREFACE ......................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1 2. BACKGROUND OF CHURCH