Abbondius, Bishop of Como, 172 Acholla, Tunisia, 30 Actores, 168
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88593-5 - Private Worship, Public Values, and Religious Change in Late Antiquity Kim Bowes Index More information Index Abbondius, bishop of Como, 172 Ambrose of Milan, 4, 182 Acholla, Tunisia, 30 accused of Manicheeism, 102 actores, 168 and Arians, 192–193, 198 Adriatic Sea, 170 and relic exchange, 85, 93 Aelia Eudocia, empress, 105, 107, 111, in Rome, 78, 80–82, 100 112, 114 influence on neighboring bishoprics, Aelia Eudoxia, empress, 118, 119 170–172 Aelius Aristides, 42 on female asceticism, 6, 203, 204, 214 Aemilia et Liguria, 276 Ambrosiaster, 101 Aetius, Arian, 193 amicitia, 129, 154, 160, 184 agape¯, 241 Ampelius, prefect of Rome, 192 agathos-daimon, 28, 210 Anastasius, emperor, 113 Agde, council of (506), 281 Anaunia, 172, 174 Agnes, saint, 69 ancestors, cult of, 32, 131 agricola andronitis, 210 in rhetoric of Paulinus of Nola, 160 Anicia Iuliana, 100, 112, 114 Agripinilla, 41 Anicii, 23 A¨ın Zirara, 166, 275 Annesi, estate of Macrina, 206, 208. See Aion, 28 also Forty Martyrs of Forty Alberca, La, 142, 143, 279 Martyrs; mausolea; Macrina Albina, ascetic of Rome, 78, 80, 98, 99, domestic church at, 206, 209 101, 245 annona, 128, 180. See also taxation Alexander of Alexandria, 212 Antioch, 117, 119, 120, 207, 288, 325 Alexandria, 28, 185 Antonia Saturnina, North African Alps, 170 landowner, 166 altar Antoninus of Fussala, 157, 167–168, 169 Christian, 54, 95, 106, 117, 131, 134, apartments, 75, 88, 104, 113 142, 150, 165, 180, 189, 206, 268 Apocryphal Acts, 56, 57 pagan, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 35, Apollinarians, 198 42, 46, 90, 125 Apollinaris of Laodicea, Arian, 193 343 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88593-5 - Private Worship, Public Values, and Religious Change in Late Antiquity Kim Bowes Index More information index Apostles asceticism, 3, 6, 7, 11, 13, 75 images of, 137 archaeological evidence for, 153 private worship compared to, 200 encouraging of private worship, relics of, 84, 85, 93 190–191, 202–203 Apostolic Tradition, 53 heresy and, 212–214 Apotactites, 194 in villas, 125, 152–157, 158, 183, apse, 137, 140, 142, 152, 165 185–186, 187 in churches, 85, 86, 87, 135, 140, 149, male construction of female ideologies, 150, 152, 154 211–212 in urban houses, 74, 75, 85 Manichaeism and, 198 in villas, 128, 149, 164, 174, 176, 179 peripatetic, 121–122 Apuleius, 43, 46, 48, 59, 202, 239, 300, private churches and 317 Constantinople, 120–123 Aquileia, 70, 172 Rome, 96–99 Aquitaine, 279 private rituals and, 76, 193–194, 203, asceticism, 155–156, 185–186 204–205 bishops, 182 role in Priscillianist controversy, 183 cities, 181 social qualities of, 98–99, 113, 114, economy, 180 121–122, 154–157 elites, 179, 180 tensions around, 185–186, 194, 214 home of anonymous ascetic women, Asclepius, 42 186 Asella, ascetic of Rome, 258 home of Paulinus of Nola, 155 Asterius, comes Hispaniarum, 184 home of Sulpicius Severus, 155, 185 astrology location of Primuliacum, 181 prohibitions against, 197 mosaics, 128, 179, 180 Asturias, mithraea in, 239 Priscillianist controversy, 161 Athens, 22 urban Christian history, 181–182 atrium, 12, 28, 30 villa churches, 179, 180–181 Attis, 18, 38, 43, 239 villas, 125, 179–180 Audurus, estate near Hippo, 152 Arcadius, 107, 113 augur, 22 arcae, 77 augury arcarius, on rural estates, 164 prohibitions against, 47, 196, 197 archaeology Augustine, 4, 6, 92, 182 as evidence, 15, 129–130, 147, 153, and Antoninus of Fussala, 157, 231, 236 167 Arellano, 42 in Rome, 100 Arians. See also Trinitarian controversy letters of, 184 and Ambrose, 192, 193 on Manicheans, 192 and Macedonius, 116 on villa churches, 146, 151 and Marathonius and Eustathius, relationship with elites, 126, 167, 168, 122 169, 171 and private worship, 192–193, 194, Augustus, emperor 195, 198, 200, 202 and household cult, 32 and Ursinus, 193 ideology of women, 241 Ossius of Cordoba versus, 182 marriage laws, 230 women as type of, 212 religious legislation, 47, 197, 238 Aristotle, 210 aula. reception rooms Arles, council of (314), 278 Aurelianus, consul (400), 105, 106, 112, Arval brotherhood, 22 114, 115, 118, 122 344 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88593-5 - Private Worship, Public Values, and Religious Change in Late Antiquity Kim Bowes Index More information index Ausonius, rhetor, 36, 125, 127, 129, 154, Bellerophon, 178 158, 160, 179, 183, 185, 187 Bergamo, 170, 277 Auxentius, Arian bishop, 200 Biberist-Spitalhof, 237 Avila´ Bierbach, 37 episcopate of, 182, 183 birthday rituals, 28–30 Avitus of Braga, 84 bishops Azrou Zaou¨ıa, 274 asceticism and, 28–30, 185–186, 194 Bacchus. See also Dionysius authority of, 2, 3, 4, 6–7, 49, 182, cult of 183–184, 218, 219 prohibition of, 240 banned from private masses, 193 prohibitions against, 45, 196, 197 basilica building in Rome, 72 Baetica, 128, 180, 181, 185, 280 changing role in fifth century, 223 Bagradas valley, 164 confined to urban roles, 126, 161, 172, Bal, 38 174, 178, 182, 183 Balearic Islands, 184 female asceticism and, 212–214 baptism, 49, 52, 64, 150, 176, 178, 223, in Britain, 175–176 225, 279 in pre-Nicene Rome, 63–64 baptismal font pre-Nicene developments, 50–52, 58 in urban churches, 86 private churches and, 80–83, 101–102, in villa churches, 149, 150, 176, 178, 103, 116–120, 218, 221 279 after fifth century, 226 baptistery property and, 64–65 in parish churches, 172 relationship with elites, 79–83, 106, in tituli, 86 116–120, 123–162, 167–169, in urban churches, 176 170–172, 173–174, 178–179, in villa churches, 95, 125, 141, 142, 182–220 146, 150, 156, 158, 159, 165, 173, relationship with monks, 122–123 180, 181, 185, 279 role in imperial edicts, 191 Barbaria, clarissima, 217, 218, 222, 223, role in ritual, 55 224 role in rural Christianity, 126–127 Barcelona, 154 role in tituli, 68, 69, 71 possible cathedral church, 182 villa churches and, 127, 130, 151, 158, Basil of Caesarea, 4, 84, 117, 214 161–162, 166, 167–169 asceticism and, 123 blessing, 50, 55, 205 brother of Macrina, 208, 209, 210 Bona Dea on female asceticism, 214 cult of, 238 relationship with Eustathuis of Sebaste, Bordeaux, 128 121 annona and, 180 relic exchange and, 111 estates of Paulinus of Nola near, 154, Bassula, mother-in-law of Sulpicius 180 Severus, 156 Saint Seurin, 182 Bath, 178 villas near, 180 baths, 38, 75, 78, 105, 110 Bou Melika, 275 in churches, 150 Bradford-on-Avon, 176, 177, 178 in vici, 162 bread in villas, 5, 119, 128, 131, 133, 135, as eulogia, 160 149, 170, 179, 181 blessed at meals, 205 ritual in Judaism, 53 eucharistic, 55, 220 Belisarius, 255 Brescia, 170, 171, 277 345 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88593-5 - Private Worship, Public Values, and Religious Change in Late Antiquity Kim Bowes Index More information index Britain, 128 cathedra, 149 bishops, 175–176, 178–179 Cauca, 180 Christian imagery in villas, 178 Celer, vir spectabilis, 167, 168, 169 economy, 174–175 Celerina, martyr, 113 elites, 178 Censorinus, 29 mosaics, 128, 174, 178 Centallo, 150, 151, 172, 173, 277 urban Christian history, 175–176 ceramics villa churches, 131–133, 175, 176–178 Britain, 174, 175 villa temples, 34, 35 Hispania and Aquitaine, 180 villas, 174–175 Ceres, 210 bureaucracy, imperial, 219 Chafagi Aamer, 165, 166, 274, 275 in Constantinople, 104 Chalcedon, 115, 119 in countryside, 128 Apostoleion of Rufinus, 112, 142, 146, Byzacena, 164 156 nundinae, 274 episcopate of, 105 settlement patterns, 273 monastery of Rufinus, 114 Byzantium. See also Constantinople: Chalcedon, council of, 16, 115, 123, 223, foundation 263 chancel screens, 117, 131, 134, 141, Caelestis, 165 149 Caesarea chapel houses, 163 definition of, 15 survey, 164 charity. See also donations Caesarius, consul (397), 2, 112, 260, 264 Chedworth, 176 Calagurris, 281 chi-rho Calendar of 354, 44 image of, 132, 133, 145, 176, 178 Callistus, bishop of Rome, 52, 64, 72 Christianization, 9, 11, 62 catacomb of, 49 and Roman past, 222 Campania of countryside, 127, 162 Paulinus of Nola’s lands in, 271 of elites, 218–220 Cantabria, coast of, 180 Chrysaphius, eunuch, 123 Canterbury, 176 churches. See private churches, villa Cappadocia, 117 churches, and individual site and missionaries from in northern Italy, city names 172 churches, public Caracalla, 45 moral valuation of, 191, 200, 201, Caristia, 33 206–207, 208 Carranque, 143–146, 180, 181, 279 private churches imitate, 224 Carthage, 128 Cicero houses of, 163 affair of his house, 26 Carthage, council of (345–348), 168 statue of Minerva, 27 Carthage, council of (411), 168 tomb of Tullia, 36 castellum, 157, 200 Cirta, 165 North Africa, 162 clarissimi, 70, 180 Castellum Lucullanum, 217, 218, 224 Clarus, acolyte of Martin of Tours, 156, Castricia, 119 181, 221 castrum, 167 Claudius, emperor, 32 catacombs, 64, 93 Clement of Alexandria, 56 catechumens Clement, bishop of Rome, 56 in domestic context, 205 Clementina, gloriosa, 224 346 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88593-5 - Private Worship, Public Values, and Religious Change in Late Antiquity Kim Bowes Index More information index clergy Aurelianes, 105 definition of, 7, 84 Baths of Constantius, 112, 114 domestic, 75, 80–82, 98, 115, 118, 119, charitable foundations, 114 120, 223 Christian origins, 105–106 estate, 125, 146, 157–158, 167–169 Column of Constantine, 110 in Rome, 66, 70 edicts issued from, 194, 198 Cocosa, La, 137–138, 139, 142, 180, episcopate, 106 279 Forum of Constantine, 117 coemeterium, 64 foundation, 103–104