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Black Chronicle: an American History Textbook Supplement. Bulletin No. 91546

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Black Chronicle: an American History Textbook Supplement. Bulletin No. 91546 DOCUMENT RESUME ED 354 179 SO 022 617 AUTHOR Kailin, Clarence S. TITLE Black Chronicle: An American History Textbook Supplement. Third Edition. Bulletin No. 91546. INSTITUTION Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 91 NOTE 151p.; Photographs may not reproduce clearly. For the first and second editions of this document, see ED 170 236 and ED 200 506. AVAILABLE FROMConsultant, Race Equity Programs, Equity and Multicultural Education Section, Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, 125 South Webster Street, P.O. Box 7841, Madison, WI 53707-7841. PUB TYPE Historical Materials (060) EDRS TRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Black History; Curriculum Enrichment; *History Instruction; Instructional Materials; *Racial Relations; Secondary Education; Social Studies; *United States History IDENTIFIERS African Americans ABSTRACT This book, a revision and updating of a work first published under the same title in 1974, presents a detailed chronological history of African Americans in the United States. The description begins with the origins of Homo sapiens in Africa, and traces the African American story from slavery in North America through the U.S. Civil War, the Depression, and the protest era of the 1960s to the opening of the 1990s decade. A bibliography of nearly 750 resources divides relevant works into such topics as general history, the Post-Reconstruction era, and works focused on legal and cultural subjects. Included in the book are notes about the author, a foreword, and the prefaces to the first, second, and third editions. Black and white photographs portraying leading figures and events in African American history also are included.(LBG) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** CK eui?ONICLE by Clarence S. Kailin U S DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION Moe of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) i document has been reproduced as ttbcMseived from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have tmen made to improve reproduct on quality Points of view or opinions stated in this docu ment do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy INN NNW= Wamm "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 111 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) BEST COPYAVAILABLE 2 BLACK CHRONICLE An American History Textbook Supplement by Clarence S. Kai lin I.) This publication is available from: Consultant, Race Equity Programs Equity and Multicultural Education Section Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction 125 South Webster Street Post Office Box 7841 Madison, WI 53707-7841 (608) 266-0043 The activity that is the subject of this report was supported in whole or in part by the U.S. Department of Education. However, the opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the U.S. Department of Education and no endorsement by the U.S. Department of Education should be inferred. Cover Design by Vicki Fredrick Adapted from a textile design (African and Oceanic Art, by Margaret Trowell and Hans Neverman, published by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, p. 196) printed by the Bambara tribe of Mali. The textile is displayed at the British Museum, London. Review Committee: Zachary Cooper, Eyvonne Crawford-Gray, Robert Enghagen, Betty Franklin-Hammonds, Tenia Jenkins, Shirley Jane Kaub, and Addie E. Pettaway Photos and artwork courtesy of: Theatre Collection, The New York Public Library at Lincoln Center, Astor, Lenox. and Tilden Foundations (page 15); Wisconsin State Historical Society (pages 16, top; 17, top; 30; 39; 40; 41; 45; 47; and 50); New Haven Historical Society (page 16, bottom); Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore College (page 17, bottom); New York Public Library (pages 18 and 21); Library of Congress (page 20); Crown Publishers (page 23); American History Division, New York Public Library, Astor Lenox, and Tilden Foundations (page 26); Seven Seas Publishers, Berlin (page 28); Du Bois Estate (page 33); and Clarence Kailin (pages 24, 44, 53, 55, 57, 62, and 63). First Printing 1974 Revised 1979 Revised 1991 Bulletin No. 91546 ii Table of Contents Pages About the Author Foreword 1 Acknowledgements 2 Author's Preface to the First Edition 3 Author's Preface to the Second Edition 5 Author's Preface to the Third Edition 6 Early Times 8 The Colonial Period 10 Slave Resistance in the Colonial Period 11 The Revolutionary Wvr Period to the Civil War 13 The Civil War 22 Reconstruction and Post-Reconstruction 25 Black Organizational Activities from the Civil War to 1900: Labor, Press, Educational, Political, Fraternal, Legal 29 The Populist Movement 34 The "Booker T. Washington Period" 36 World War I 41 The Harlem Renaissance 44 The Great Depression 46 The New Deal and World War II 49 The Post-World War II Period 52 The Protest Era 55 The Struggle of the 1960s 57 The Decade of the Seventies 61 The 1980s"The Reagan Years"The "New Racism" 72 Racism in Sports 74 The Decade of the Eighties 78 1990 103 Civil Rights and the Supreme Court 107 The New Racism, Violence and the Ku Klux Klan 109 Bibliography 112 General History 112 Documentary History 113 Slave Narratives 113 Slave Revolts 114 Early Africa 115 The Colonial Period to the Civil War 115 The Civil War and Reconstruction 116 Post-Reconstruction 117 Ku Klux Klan Terrorism 118 Activists and Writers of the 1950s and 1960s 119 Legal 119 Black Nationalism 120 Black Labor 121 The Harlem Renaissance 122 Anthologies 122 Bibliographic 123 iii Pages Biography and Autobiography 125 Cultural 127 Reference 128 Anthropology arid Race 129 Books By and/or About Black Women 130 Choosing Books About Black People for Young Children 133 Miscellaneous 135 Periodicals 140 Music 142 Sports 143 iv About the Author Born in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1914, Clarence Kai lin began studying Black history as the result of his early interest in the Civil Rights Movement during the 1930s. He started teaching Black history in the early 1960s, holding classes in his home and, later, presenting the first public Black history course in Madison at the YWCA. Mr. Kailin has given various series of courses in Madison for Edgewood College, the Free University, West High School Interim Sessions, PTA groups, churches, and neighborhood centers. Through the University of Wiscon sin-Extension he worked with the Center for Community Leadership Development, teaching classes in numerous Wisconsin cities. In 1967, his dissatisfaction with the portrayal of Blacks in high school history texts led him to organize the "Committee to Teach Black History in Madison Schools," a project that culminated in the writing of Black Chronicle. Foreword Clarence Kailin's Black Chronicle is a unique work. While there are, of course, single volume texts devoted to the African-American experiencethat authored by John Hope Franklin being an outstanding examplethere is no brief summary of that dramatic and vital history. Mr. Kailin's work fills that need; its value is enhanced by a very helpful bibliography. Not least among the virtues of Black Chronicle is the clear partisanship. Mr. Kailin views racist ideas and practices as atrocious features of American life. He knows and shows that many people of all colors and nationalitiesof course led by African-Americans themselves have waged a long and heroic struggle against this poison.That effort, as this work demonstrates, has not been without its successes, notably the abolition of slavery and the termination of legalized discrimination. Setbacks in this struggle occurred in the past, such as the aborting of Reconstruction after the Civil War and the vitiating of the great promises and achievements flowing out of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. But human history, while filled with tragedy and cruelty, is also characterized by triumphs and courage. It may be believed that the forward drive organic to the human experience will move ahead in the last decade of the twentieth century and in the decades to follow. One day, surely, the dream of the prophets from Douglass to Du Bois to Kingof an egalitarian, prosperous, and peaceful United Stateswill come into being. In this momentous effort, Mr. Kailin's book has played its modest role; now, in improved and expanded form, it can continue to do so. Dr. Herbert Aptheker University of California, Berkley January 31, 1990 1 CP Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals, who helped make possible the publication of this book: Professor Herbert Apetheker, Ernest Kaiser, Professor James Latimer, and Howard Landsman. Special thanks also go to the Wisconsin State Historical Society for its contribution of photos and artwork. 2 Author's Preface to the First Edition A study of many American history texts used in Wisconsin school districts reveals some major failings. One of the most serious shortcomings of textbooks consists of the omission or distortion of the Black experience as well as inaccuracies in the portrayal of Black people. Much of our history has been written to satisfy the needs and desires of a segregated, white-oriented society.Until recently, many American history texts ignored the very existence of Black people except as delightfully happy and contented slavespassive, docile, and imitative: a concept based on the racist myth that Africans and their descendants are biologically inferior. The term "race" is part of the myth of Black inferiority. About the time of the American Revolution, the Swedish botanist, Linnaeus, and others used "race" as a convenient term to describe physical differences in people.Subdividing people in this manner suited the slaveholder's ideology. The slaveholders not only created the concept of biologically different races, but they attempted to prove the superiority of the white race. This kind of "race," says anthropologist Ashley Montagu, defines conditions that do not in fact exist.
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