Annotated Bibliography -- Trailtones

Part Three: Annotated Bibliography

Contents:

Abdul, Raoul. Blacks in Classical Music. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1977. [Mentions Tucson-born Ulysses Kay and his 'New Horizons' composition, performed by the Moscow State Radio Orchestra and cited in Pravda in 1958. His most recent opera was Margeret Walker's Jubilee.]

Adams, Alice D. The Neglected Period of Anti-Slavery n America 1808-1831. Gloucester, Massachusetts: Peter Smith, 1964. [Charts the locations of Colonization groups in America.]

Adams, George W. Doctors in Blue: the Medical History of the Union Army. New York: Henry Schuman, 1952. [Gives general information about the Civil War doctors.]

Agee, Victoria. National Inventory of Documentary Sources in the United States. Teanack, New Jersey: Chadwick Healy, 1983. [The Black History collection is cited . Also found are: Mexico City Census counts, Arizona Indians, the Army, Fourth Colored Infantry, New Mexico and Civil War Pension information.]

Ainsworth, Fred C. The War of the Rebellion Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. General Index. [Volumes I and Volume IV deal with Arizona.]

Alwick, Henry. A Geography of Commodities. London: George G. Harrop and Co., 1962. [Tells about distribution of workers with certain crops, like sugar cane.]

Amann, William F.,ed. Personnel of the Civil War: The Union Armies. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961. [Gives Civil War genealogy of the Black Regiments that moved into Arizona from the United States Colored troops.]

American Folklife Center. Ethnic Recordings in America: a Neglected Heritage. Washington: Library of Congress, 1982. [Talks of the Black Sacred Harping Singing, Blues & Gospel and Blues records of 1943- 66 by Mike Leadbetter.]

American Historical Association Annual Report. Washington: United States Government Printing office. [An annual report of general history, In Government Documents.]

American History Illustrated. “A Black Man in the Long Gray Line.” Philadelphia: Eastern Acrorn Press, January 1970. [Tells of an African-American's attempt to graduate from West Point.]

Amos, Wally. Famous Amos. the Power in You: Ten Secret Ingredients for Inner Strength . 1988. [This work can entertain and motivate those readers considering venturing into the world of business.]

Amos, Wally. The Famous Amos Story: the Face that Launched a Thousand Chips. Honolulu: Pacific Printers, 1986. [This publication lets us look at the structure of a small business, whose products most of us have tasted: Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookies.]

Anacostia Neighborhood Museum. The Frederick Douglas Years: a Cultural History Exhibition. Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press and the City of Washington, 1970. [A good survey of history - good topic headings. has a photo of Mifflin W. Gibbs, an African-American who made history in the western part of the United States.]

Aptheker, Herbert, ed. Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States. New York: Citadel Press, 1951. [Reasons for the African-American exodus from the South to the North and the Midwest is discussed. Treatment of the 25th Infantry in Tennessee and Kentucky is reported. The Spanish American War is also discussed, along with the Louisiana Negro Convention of 1879 that adds further testimony about the migrations, along with testimony from Benjamin 'Pap' Singleton, leader of the 'Exodusters.' who migrated to Kansas.)

Aptheker, Herbert. “The Negro in the Union Navy." Journal of Negro History. Atlanta: Associated Publishers, April 1947. [Good information about a lesser-known chapter of history.]

Arizona Bank Galleria. Artists of the Black Community of Arizona. Phoenix: Arizona Bank, 1980. [Good biographical information about African-American artists in Arizona.]

Arizona Bureau of Mines/ National Park Service. "Gold Placers and Placering in Arizona." Bulletin #168. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1961. [Gives some history of Weaver Creek, the guide it was named after and Antelope Creek that was named by the party in which Ben McClendon was a gold seeker on Rich Hill in the 1800's.]

Arizona Department of Economic Security. A Demographic Guide to Arizona: Report # 14, 1985. Arizona: Population Statistics Unit , August 1986. [Tells of Afro-Americans in Arizona, in Pima County and in Tucson.]

Arizona Department of Economic Security. Affirmative Action Planning Information. Phoenix: Arizona Department of Economic Security Research Administration, 1988 Spring. [A labor market information publication by this agency; gives 1987 figures of population of Afro-Americans in Arizona. ]

Arizona Negro Journal. [An African-American paper of Arizona, in the folder of Arizona Periodicals, periodicals.]

Arnold, Louise. The Era of the Civil War 1820-1876. Special Bibliography Series #11. Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania: U.S. Military History Institute, 1982. [Gives information about slave songs, the American Missionary Association, and the education of African-Americans by the army from 1861-1965.] Bain, Mildred and Ervin Lewis. From Freedom to Freedom. New York: Random House, 1976. [An anthology of historical essays. Shows population of free African-Americans in New Mexico-Arizona territory.]

Baker, Houston A. Jr. The Journey Back: Issues in Black Literary Criticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. [Theoretical discussions, essays by a speaker who visited the University of Arizona in 1989.]

Baker, Houston A. Jr. Singers of Daybreak: Studies in Black American Literature. Washington: Howard University Press, 1974. [Contains evaluations of Dunbar and others.]

Bakewell, Dennis C., comp. The Black Experience in the United States: A Bibliography Based on the Collection of the San Fernando Valley State College Library. Northridge, California: San Fernando University State College Foundation, 1970. [Mentioned in Mifflin W. Gibb's work.]

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft History of Utah 1540-1886. Vol. XXVI. San Francisco: The History Company, Publishers, 1889. [List of Utah Mormon pioneers of 1847 that contain the names of Mr. Green Flake and Mr. Hark Lark, both listed as "colored."]

Baraka, Imamu Amiri (Leroy Jones). African Congress. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1972. [A report of this conference.]

Barnard, W. E. The Story of Jacob Walzer: Superstition Mountain and its Famed Dutchman's Lost Mine. [Tells of the African-American woman, Julia Thomas, and her husband who befriended the Dutchman just before he died in Arizona.]

Barnes, Sandra T., ed. Africa's Ogun: Old World and New. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989. [Set of essays, few photos, some interesting drawings. Tells of 4 keke marks of OYO and Egbado Yoruba (a face marking).]

Barr, Alwyn ed. Charles Porter's Quartermaster of the Fifth United States Infantry Account of the Confederate Attempt to Seize Arizona and New Mexico. Austin: Pemberton Press, 1964. [An account of one phase of the Civil War in Arizona.]

Barr, Alwyn. Black Leaders: Texans and Their Times. Texas: Texas State Historical Association, 1981. [Another work by a pioneer writer on this topic.]

Bastide, Roger. African Civilizations in the New World. London: C. Hurst and Co., 1971. [Provides information about Catholic American history too.]

Baylor, George W. John Robert Baylor: Confederate Governor of Arizona. Tucson: Arizona Pioneer Historical Society, 1966. [Tells about the 258th Confederate troops of the Second Texas Regiment in Mesilla, New Mexico versus Maj. Isaac Lynde's Union troops. Baylor proclaimed Arizona to be Confederate in 1861 and the Confederate Congress made it so by 1862.]

Beers, Henry Putney. French and Spanish Records of Louisiana: a Bibliographic Guide to Archive and Manuscript Sources. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989. [Tells of 1721 census of Ft. Louis, Alabama and of emancipation of slaves.]

Beers, Henry Putney. Spanish and Mexican Records of the American Southwest. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 1979. [Gives information about Land Office records that provide information about slavery in the Spanish dominions and Mexico; records of the municipality of Brazoria that adds information about slave mortgages for 1837 and before; the Parral (Chihuahua) archives, 1631-1821 that include materials about slavery in the area of northern Mexico (known as Nueva Vizcaya) during the 17th and 18th centuries.]

Bellus, Ronald J. Mecham Silence Cannot be Misquoted. Phoenix: Laurents Press, 1988. [Gives some information about Gov. Mecham and the Dr. Martin Luther King Holiday problems.]

Benjamin, Marcus. Washington During War Time: a Series of Papers Showing the Military, Political and Social Phases During 1861-1865. Washington, 1902. [Tells how one whole section of Arlington Cemetery was used for African-American soldiers.]

Bergenroth, G.A., ed. Supplement to Volume I and Volume II of Letters, Despatches and State Papers relating to the Negotiations Between England and Spain Preserved in the Archives of Simancas and Elsewhere. London: Kraus Reprint, 1969. [Tells of 1520 use of mostly African horsemen by the Junta Army to take over lands of the King in a letter to the Cardinal 11/13/1520. from Cardinal Dertasen.]

Berlin, Ira ed. The Black Military Experience. New York: Cambridge, 1982. [A thorough work that covers the history of the four Black Regiments that lived in Arizona.]

Biggs, Bradley. Triple Nickels: America's First All-Black Paratroop Unit. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, 1986. [Relates the story of the 82nd Airborne's 555th of World War II. Ft Huachuca's 370th and 371st are mentioned too.]

Bird, Roy. "Good Samaritans of the Plains" from True West April 1990 issue. [Tells of Patowatomi Indians who help the Exodusters of Nicodemus, Kansas.]

Bishop, Morris. The Odyssey of Cabeza de Vaca. New York: The Century Company, 1933. [Covers Estevanico in detail, includes a map of his journey, with full credit given to him for his pioneering trail the proceeded Coronado.]

Black, Harry G. The Lost Dutchman Mine: A Short Story of a Tall Tale. Boston: Branden Press, 1975. [Tells of a African-American woman, Julia Thomas, of Phoenix and her later search for the Dutchman's gold.]

Blaffer, Sarah C. The Black-man of Zinacatan: A Central American Legend. University of Texas Press, 1972. [Possible legend of an escaped slave.] Blair, Karen J. Women in the Pacific Northwest History, an Anthology. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988. [Gives history about a seldom-discussed group.]

Blair, Robert. Tales of the Superstitions: the Origins of the Lost Dutchman's Mines. Arizona: Arizona Historical Foundations, 1975. [Tells about the Rich Hill, Arizona gold seekers, where Ben McClendon, Afro-American struck gold.]

Blied, Benjamin J. Catholics and the Civil War. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1945. [Contains lists of Union and Confederate chaplains and review of newspapers of the time, along with the chaplains' views.

Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass's Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989. [Douglass endorsed J.C. Fremont for President. Fremont's emancipation of the slaves of Missouri in 1862 helped Fremont's popularity in some circles.]

Blockson, Charles and Ron Fry. Black Genealogy. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, 1977. [A major work that is used by many as a handbook, by the author of two works about the Underground Railroad.]

Blosser, Susan S. and Clyde N. Wilson Jr. Southern History Collection: A Guide to Manuscripts. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1970. [Contains information about the Confederate States of America and its jurisdiction into New Mexico and Arizona during the Civil War.]

Bolton, H. E. Guide to Materials for the History of the United States in the Principal Archives Mexico. New York: Kraus, 1977. [A useful guide to a select group of materials.]

Bolton, Herbert E. The Spanish Borderlands: A Chronicle of Old Florida and the Southwest. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1921. [Gives good historical foundation about expedition that brought Estevanico, the Black Moor, to America. Covers Narvaez's 1527 expedition from Spain with 600 colonists, some Franciscans and the person who was enslaved with Estevanico and recorded the history in a diary: Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca.]

Bowles, Cephas, et al. The Unknown West: the Black Cowboy Tradition of Arizona. Tucson: University of Arizona KUAT Radio and the Arizona Humanities Council, 1989. [A 1989 University of Ohio Award winner. It includes interviews with Ms Jesse Martin, Alex Dees, and many others. Narration by M. Scott Momoday.]

Bracey, John H. The Afro-American: Selected Documents. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1972. [Interesting documents that might be useful for special topics.]

Brady, Robert LaDon. The Emergence of a Negro Class in Mexico. 1524-1640, Ames, Iowa, 1965. [Should give information about caste system in Mexico.1

Breit, A. Problems of Negro Youth in Tucson. 1947. [Gives insight into youth problems during the 1940's.] Brewer, David Leslie. Utah Elites and Utah Racial Norms. Salt Lake City: Utah, 1973. [Gives insight into caste information about Utah.]

Brignano, Russell C. Black Americans in Autobiography. Durham: Duke University Press, 1974. [Mentions Rosa Claudette Anderson, Arizona teacher who went to Ghana and wrote: River, Face Homeward: An Afro-American in Ghana. {New York: Exposition Press, 1966} and Jesse Owens of Phoenix and his work, I Have Changes {new York: William Morrow, 1972}.]

Brophy, Franc C. Arizona Sketch Book: Fifth Historical Sketches. Amphco Press, 1952. [Tells of Estebanico, the African.]

Brown, Charles C. and D. Brandish. If You're Young and Black: Report of a Summer Program with Black Male Youth in Tucson, Arizona with Recommendations for Program Development. Series P-22. Tucson: Coop Extension Service, University of Arizona, 1971. [Reports of a summer project in Tucson.]

Bryson, Corey. Dr. L. A. Nixon and the White Primary. El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1974. [A report that is located in the Special Collections Department ]

Buchanan, A. Russell. Black Americans in World War II. Santa Barbara: Clio Books, 1977. [A general report.]

Burt, Olive. Negroes On the Early West. New York: Julian Mesner, 1968. [Useful for young adults and children. Located at the Tucson Public Library.]

Burton, Dennis, et. al. A Guide to Manuscripts in the Presidential Libraries. College Park, Maryland: Research Materials Corp, 1985. [References to item in Eisenhower Library about the utilization of Blacks in a post war army.)

Butler, Ruth Lapham, comp. The Newberry Library Manuscripts in the Edward E. Ayer Collection. Chicago: The Newberry Library, 1937. [One chapter on Spanish America, with much of it in Spanish.]

Butler-Evans, Elliott. Race, Gender and Desire: Narrative Strategies On the Fiction of Toni Cade. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989. [Discusses literature of Toni C. Bambara, Toni Morrison and Alice Walker.]

Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nunez. Relation of Nunez Cabeza de Vaca. Readex Microprint Corp., 1966. [Tells of the events in which Estevanico was involved, as recorded in the diary of a man who was with him on the Narvaez expedition and later when both became slaves of the Indians.]

Callahan, Nancy. Freedom Quilting Bee. Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama, 1987. [Good Alabama history with a focus on Civil Rights in Art information.]

Campbell, Clovis. Arizona Informant Newspaper. Phoenix, Arizona, 1989. [A local African-American newspaper.]

Campbell, Margaret. lba, The Dawn. Boston: The Christopher Publishing House, 1963. [A novel that is self- published by the author, because of her concern of prejudice and greed in the world. She died in 1971 at age 71. She came to Tucson in 1942 and in 1946 she lived in her underground home-shelter that was filled with books on poetry, art and foreign languages. This may be the first published fictional work by an African-American in Arizona. Yancy's 1933 thesis was among the first non-fictional works.]

Campbell, Randolph B. An Empire for Slavery: the Peculiar Institution in Texas 1821-1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989. [Cover Juneteenth and the Civil War in depth. Very good bibliography. Contains names of slaveholders, the counties and state they are from, along with slave totals.]

Carroll, John M. The Black Military Experience in the American West. New York: Liveright, 1973. [A work about the four African-American regiments who worked in Arizona.]

Carroll, John M. Buffalo Soldiers West in Pictures. Ft. Collins, Colorado: Old Army Press. [Good drawings by some of the early American aritists.]

Cashin, Hershel V. et. al. Under Fire with the Tenth United States Cavalry. New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1969. [Contains the Roll of Honor of the l0th Cavalry troops, along with good photos, poems, maps, drawings and a layout of the Blockhouse and its fortifications that were conquered by the troops in the Spanish-American War in Cuba.]

Castaneda, Pedro. The Journal of Coronado. March of America Facsimile Series #13. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms Inc., 1966. [A report of people in the area of Quivera: Juan de Padilla, Campo, a Spanish- Portuguese, A half breed African . Also contains information about Narvaez, Estavanico and Cabeza de Vaca.

Castillo, Jose del. Negroes of Tucson. Tucson: Federal Writers' Project, Arizona W.P.A. [A Boxed collection.]

Catteral, Helen T. Judicial Cases Concerning the American Slavery and the Negro. Washington: Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1937. [Good documentation of the early judicial system.]

Center for Afro-American and African Studies of the University of Michigan. Black Immigration, Ethnicity in the United States: a Annotated Bibliography. Bibliographies and Indexes in Afro-American and African Studies #2. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985. [This book has a focus on the Afro-Spanish populations.]

Chisolm, Joe. Brewery Gulch. San Antonio: Naylor Co., 1949. [Gives historical report of Jim, African-American with Texas John Slaughter in Tombstone, known as the "Black Giant," who fought John L. Sullivan in Tombstone.]

Civil War Songbook: the Complete Original Sheet Music. [Contains 37 songs.]

Clack, H.D. Black Literature Resources. [Provides good discussion of relevant and non relevant subject headings for the classification of Afro-American literatures. Gives good history of classifications uses and pioneers in the field like Jack L. Daniel and others.]

Colley, Charles C. A Guide to the Manuscript Collection of the Arizona Historical Society. Tucson: Arizona Historical Society, 1972. [This index to the historical collection is a useful tool in searching for items there at the society. It gives information about Ft. Huachuca, Cabeza de Vaca, a French Colony in Arizona (#276) and a copy of the September 22, 1862 Emancipation Proclamation by Abraham Lincoln. Two bills of sale for slaves from another state are found in the Cullen collection and the Hayden Collection tells about two free African-Americans in Arizona.]

Colorado Magazine. "John Taylor... Slave Born Colorado Pioneer." September, 1941. [Tells about a former slave.]

Committee on Scientific and Technical Information (COSATI). Black Index Information Index. [This Information Federated Council for Science and Technology created Infonetics, Incorporated as an outgrowth of a sub-committee on Negro Research Libraries and Task Group on Library Programs of the committee. The book gives information about an integrated experiment in a school near Navaho reservation in Arizona. Topic: "What Rough Rock Demonstrates" by Donald A. Erickson and Henrietta Schwartz. The articles comes from Integrated Education, Vol. 8, March-April 1970. This index also tells about the Afro-American Bibliographers Association that met in Philadelphia in 1970 and contains an article by Jessie Carney Smith, of Fisk.]

Conklin, Roscoe and Margaret B. Conklin. Butterfield Overland Mail 1857-1869. Glendale, California: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1947. [Covers routes of the stagecoach.]

Cooley, Everett L. and M. Ward. Register of the Records of Mormon Settlements in Arizona. Utah University Library, Special Collections Division, 1947. [Tells of Green Flake, a slave of the Flake Family.]

Cooper, Everett. "A Life Outside the Stereotypes." [A paper containing the history of Charlie Mae Blair Daniels, born in Marshall County, Texas.]

Coors Heritage Series. Posters in Black Heritage. Northbrook, Illinois, 1989. [Contains drawings of Nat Love, Express riders, Trappers, Buffalo Soldiers, Cowboys, Miners, Educators, Freight Drivers, Artists, Farmers, Business Men, Mifflin W. Gibbs: all a part of Arizona's African American history. Distributed by Golden Eagle Distributors of Tucson.]

Coston, William H. The Spanish American War Volunteers: Ninth United States Volunteer Infantry Roster and Muster, Biographies, Cuban Sketches. Middletown, Pennsylvania, 1899. [Work by the chaplain of the United States Volunteer Infantry. It contains necrology, rosters of Companies A,B,C,D, and a good history of this African-American regiment and its men.]

Cowley, Roger W. Ethiopian Biblical Interpretation: a Study in Exegetical Tradition and Hermeneutics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. [A technical work, useful for specialists in theology or philosophy] Craton, Michael. Testing the Chains: Resistance to Slavery in the British West Indies. [This covers male and female Maroons and the Black Regiments, recruited by the British to fight them in 1831. The Maroons were escaped slaves who were never recaptured.]

Crockett, Norman L. The Black Towns. Lawrence: The Regents Press of Kansas, 1979. [About towns in Kansas, Oklahoma and Mississippi]

Dale, Don. "He was a Cowboy, Caleb Martin's Life No Myth: Pure, Sweet, Simple." Arizona Daily Star, Tucson: Tucson Newspaper Inc., September 1980.

Daniel, Pete. The Shadow of Slavery: Peonage in the South. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972. [Discusses the Spanish peon system in history in New Mexico and an interesting case in Georgia, with photos included.]

Daniels, H. B. A Negro High School in Tucson. Arizona. Tucson: University of Arizona, 1941. [A master's thesis about education in Tucson.]

Davis, Charles T. and Henry L. Gates Jr. The Slaves' Narrative. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. [Covers Charles Chesnutt and the WPA narratives.]

Davis, Lenwood, comp. The Black Aged in the United States: a Selectively Annotated Bibliography, Revised and Updates, 2nd ed. Connecticut: Greenwood Press. [Includes slavery in Washington D.C., Kentucky and Maryland.]

Davis, Lenwood. The Black Family in the United States: a Selective Bibliography of Annotated Books, Arts and Dissertations on Black Families in America. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1978. [It covers a variety of sociological classifications of groups such as urban families.]

Davis, Nathanial. Afro-American Reference: an Annotated Bibliography of Selected References. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985. [Tells about Berlin's book on the Black military experience.]

Davis, Robert R. Jr. Lexicon of Afro-American History. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975. [Good sourcebook of information.]

De Niza, Fray Marcos. Arizona Discovered 1539. Topawa, Arizona: Bonaventure Oblasser, O.F.M., 1938. [Fray Marco's personal narrative, translated into English from the original Spanish. Available at the Arizona State Museum Library.]

Denyer, Susan. African Traditional Architecture: a Historical and Geographical Perspective. London: Heinemann, 1978. [Excellent photos: wigwam-looking Fulani dry season house, Dogon granaries, houses: Pueblo-type houses. Taxonomy provided.]

Deshins, Donald R. Minority Recruitment Data. Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Allanheld, 1983. [Information about degrees awarded in various colleges - totals] Division of Higher Education and American Missionary Association. Our American Missionary Association Heritage ... A Short History. New York: United Church for Homeland Ministries.

Donnan, Elizabeth, ed. Documents Illustrative of the History of the Slave Trade to America. Washington: Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1930.

Dove, Rita. Fifth Sunday: Stories. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 1985. [A prize-winning writer in residence at Arizona State University who has published poems and short stories. This work is an anthology of her short stories.]

Downey, Fairfax. The Buffalo Soldiers in the Indian Wars. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1969. [Work that focuses on the Buffalo Soldiers.]

Doyle, Denis. P. and Bruce S. Cooper, eds. Federal Aid to the Disadvantaged: What Future for Chapter One. New York: Falmer Press, 1988. [Contains general information.]

Drotning, Phillip T. A Guide to Negro History in American. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Co., 1968. [A chapter is devoted to Arizona.]

DuBois, W.E.B. and Guy B. Johnson. Encyclopedia of the Negro. New York: Phelps-Stokes Fund Inc., 1945. [Good bibliography and subject index. This is a classic work by Du Bois.]

Dunn, Oliver and James E. Kelley Jr., Trans. The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America, 1492-1492. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989. [Abstracted from Fray Bartolome de las Casas and is in English with corresponding Spanish text. It mentions the Caribs, the Jews and the Moors.]

Durham, Philip and Russell Jones. The Negro Cowboys. New York: Dodd Mead, 1965. [A work by pioneers in the publication of work on this topic. It has become a classic.]

Dyer, Braenerd. "The Treatment of Colored Union Troops by the Confederate 1861-1865." Journal of Negro History. Atlanta: Associated Publishers, 1935.

Dyer, Fred H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1959. [A major reference book about the genealogy of the regiments and the commands that include the United States Colored Troop, Indian troops, and Volunteers.]

E.E.O.C. 1979 Report: Minorities and Women In Institutions of Higher Education. E.E.O.C, February, 1980. [Contains statistical tables.]

E. R. I. C. Annotated Bibliography: Black Student Retention in Higher Education Institutions. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: Research and Evaluation Associations, Inc., 1983. [Problems spelled out and solutions offered. Found on ERIC microfiche .]

Earley, Charity. One Woman's Army: a Black Officer Remembers the WAC. College Station. Texas: Texas A and M University Press, 1989. [Covers the trainers of the Womens' Army Corps who trained the first women to be transferred to Ft. Huachca and later visit by those trainers to the fort.] Eckardt, A. Roy. Black-Woman-Jew: Three Wars for Human Liberation. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1989.

Educational Book Publishers. Afro-American Encyclopedia. Vols 1-10. North Miami: Educational Book Publishers, 1974. [One of three encyclopedia sets published in the last decade that deals entirely with the African-American experiences.]

Edwards, Frank S. A Campaign in New Mexico with Col. Doniphan. Phila.:Carey and Hart, 847. Tells of the presence of black servants who banded together into a unit and chose one f their own to be their leader: Capt. Jo. He is described in detail and the group is eported to be non-fighting servants. They were with the First Regiment of Missouri's ounted Volunteers who fought battles at Bracito, Sacramento and El Paso around 847. This group conquered the states of New Mexico, Chihuahua and they traveled to urango, New Leon. Their 6,000 mile march took about a year and no pay came from he government.]

Egerton, John. State Universities and Black Americans. Southern Education Reporting Service, May 1969. [Reports of University of Arizona and its African-Americans in the total population in 1968.]

Elam, Julia C., ed. Blacks in Higher Education: Overcoming the Odds. National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education. New York: University Press of America, 1989. [Good general information.]

Ellis, John Tracy. Documents of American Catholic History. Wilmington, Delaware: John Glazer, 1987. [Good general history.]

Ellis, Richard N., ed. New Mexico Historical Documents. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1975. [Tells of the Organic Act that separated Arizona from New Mexico in 1863. Also related the events connected with Col. Baylor and the Confederate Territory of Arizona in January 1862 and activities around Mesilla Valley, New Mexico. The abolition of peonage takes place in 1867 and the Mexican Independence from Spain is reported as it occurs in 1821.]

Emecheta, Bushi. Gwendolyn. London, 1989. [A novel by African woman writer who is also the author of The Joys of Motherhood.]

Explorers and Settlers. [Establishment of New Netherland with the Dutch East Indies Company and the landing in 1625 of Peter Minuit on Manhattan Island. Settlers from Ft. Nassas sent with a boat full of African slaves. In 1624 there were 2 classes of folks: Freeman, Indentured servants who worked the company farms (bouweries). Information provided about New Sweden in Delaware 1638: Ft. Christina. Early Spanish, Estevan are mentioned.]

Ezra, Kate. A Human Ideal in African Art: Bamana Figurative Sculpture. Washington: The National Museum of African Art and Smithsonian Institute Press, 1986. [Mostly female sculpture in photos, good history and a map of the region that is discussed.] Fales, Susan L. and Chad J. Flake. Mormons, Mormonism in United States Government Documents: a Bibliography. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1989. [A good reference book that contains some information about Arizona, Mexico and New Mexico.]

Faust, Drew Gilpin. James Henry Hammond and the Old South. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982. [Contains information about slave families names of Fuller, Shubrick and Goodwin. Takes place in South Carolina near Augusta, Georgia at Silver Bluff Plantation in Barnwell County. He had 147 slaves by 1831.]

Federal Census in the Territory of New Mexico and the Territory of Arizona. [Information about the Arizona county located in the Territory of New Mexico.]

Ferris, William H. The African Abroad or his Evolution in Western Civilization. New York: Johnson Reprint, 1968. [A version of an earlier publication by Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor Press of New Haven in 1913.]

Finkelman, Paul. Slavery in the Courtroom: an Annotated Bibliography of American Cases. Washington: Library of Congress, 1985. [Good legal documentation. Also information about Anthony Burns, a New England slave.]

Fireman, Bert M. Arizona Historic Land. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982. [Tells of Milton B. Duffield, Arizona Territory's first United States Marshall and his failed plans to colonize former slaves in Nicaragua . He came to Tucson with a hope that it would become a haven for freed slaves.]

Fischer, LeRoy, ed. Western Territories in the Civil War. Manhatten: Kansas Journal of the West. [Tells of Afro-Americans in Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico and Indian Territory.)

Flechinger, Robert Elliot. The Choctaw Freedman: the Story of Oak Hill Industrial Academy. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Presbyterian Board of Missions for Freedmen, 1914. [Gives insight into backgrounds of some African-American emigrants to the West.]

Fleming, G. James and Christian E. Barchel. Who's Who in Colored America. Yonkers on the Hudson, New York: Christian E. Burckell and Associates, 1950. [Reports of Dr. Floyd Thompson, Tucson dentist of 154 S. Main and his work as post dental surgeon at Ft. Huachuca.]

Flipper, Henry 0. The Colored Cadet at West Point. New York: Arno Press, 1968. [Information about the first graduate from West Point of African ancestry.]

Flipper, Henry 0. Negro Frontiersman: the Western Memoirs of Henry Ossian Flipper: 1878- 1916. El Paso: Texas Western College Press, 1936. [A rare book that is a first hand report of the famous graduate from West Point.]

Fly, C.S. Photo of African-American boy in Geronimo's camp. [One of Fly's many photos that he took during his photographic journeys through Arizona.]

Foner, Laura and Eugene D. Genovese, eds. Slavery in the New World. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1969. [Covers Anglicanism, Catholicism and the African Slave, along with Latin American history. Has a good bibliography. Contains views on slavery.]

Forbes, Jack D. Afro-Americans in the Far West: a Handbook for Educators. Berkeley: Far West Laboratory for Educational Research and Development, 1966. [Gives information about Afro-Spanish in Mexico, Buffalo Soldiers and Lt. Flipper.]

Forbes, Jack D. Black Africans and Native American: Color, Race and Caste in the Evolution of Red-Black Peoples. Basil Blackwell, 1988. [A new book that deals with the concept and definitions of racial terms through the ages.]

Forbes, Jack D. "Black Pioneers: the Spanish Speaking African Americans of the South West." Phylon Vol. 27. Atlanta: Atlanta University, Fall 1966. [Another work by a pioneer historian of Afro-American history of this region.]

Fowler, Arlen L. The Black Infantry in the West, 1869-1891. Negro University Press, 1971. [A work by a pioneer in this field of history.]

Foy, Felician S., ed. Catholic Almanac. Huntington, Indiana: Our Sun Visitor Inc., 1989. [Tells of Afro-American Catholics of Arizona in the U.S. ]

Frye, G.M. Night Riders in Black Folk History. University of Tennessee Press, 1975. [Gives information about folklore of the slaves.]

G.K. Hall. Catalog of the E. Azalea Hackley Memorial Collection of Negro Music, Dance and Drama. Detroit Public Library: G.K. Hall, 1979. [Tells of Tucson-born Ulysses Kay.]

G.K. Hall. Catalog of the Old Slave Mart Museum and Library: Charleston, South Carolina. Volume 1. G.K. Hall, 1978. [Contains artifacts from plantations in Berkeley County, South Carolina in October 1821.]

Gard, Wayne. The Chisholm Trail. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954. [Tells of Big Mouth Henry, the singing Afro-American cowboy.]

Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1986.

Gastel, Raymond D. Cultural Regions of the United States. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1975. [Covers Catholic, social well-being zones in the U.S.]

Gatewood, Willard B. Jr. Black Americans and the White Man's Burden 1898-1903. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1975. [Information about Flipper being employed in 1898 as a civil and mining engineer in the the West (Arizona) as he tries to clear his name on a visit to Washington, D.C.]

Gatewood, Willard B. Jr. Smoked Yankees and the Struggle for Empire: Letters from Negro Soldiers, 1898-1902. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971. [Contains military history and its documentation from the letters to the folks at home.]

Gibbs, Mifflin Wistar. Shadow and Light. New York: Arno Press, 1968. [Opinions by an Afro-American who became famous because of his travels to the West and to Canada.]

Goodman, David M. Arizona Odyssey. Tempe: Arizona Historical Foundation, 1969. [Report of Negro (Apache Chief) "Trip to the Cavalry Camp in Southern Arizona" Cosmopolitan, Afro-American troop activities ( October 1886), "Scout with the Buffalo Soldiers" Century.]

Goodwin, Felix. Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity at the University of Arizona from May 1966 to December 1976. Tucson: University, 1979. [Doctoral thesis with good charts. Provides history of EEOC and its records of achievement or non-achievement.]

Gordon, David C. Images of the West: Third World Perspectives. USA: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1989. [Has world view of subject]

Granger, Byrd. rev. and enlarged. Arizona Place Names. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1960. [Draws on earlier work of Will C. Barnes. Tells about the naming by Buffalo Soldiers. of Pinetop, Arizona for Wait Rigney, an African-American.]

Gray, Cassie. Wife of Charles Gray, obituary. [She is from Washington, D.C. and lived in Prescott, Arizona. Clipping at Sharlot Hall Museum Archives in Prescott, Arizona.]

Gray, Charles. He is the husband of Cassie Gray. Clipping about an assault on him by a Mr. Miles and photo of Mr. Gray with a raccoon on his shoulder. [Located in archives of Sharlot Hall Museum, Prescott, Arizona.]

Gray, John, comp. Ashe, Traditional Religion and Healing in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Diaspora. [Bibliography includes journals and articles and is divided by country]

Green, Jerome A. Ft. Davis: National Historic Site/Texas. United States Department of the Interior/National Park Service, November 1986. [Information about 9th and 10th cavalrymen, 24th and 25th infantrymen buried there between 1867-1885. Also contains emigrant trails to Arizona (2) and maps and photos of fort.]

Green, Lorenzo J. Working with Carter G. Woodson, the Father of Black History: a Diary, 1928- 1930. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University press, 1989. [A very special piece of work by a participant in the history and the recording of history.]

Greene, Robert E. Black Defenders of America, 1775-1973: a Reference and Pictorial History. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., Inc., 1974. [Good biographical information about African-Americans stationed in Arizona .]

Griffin, Robert A., ed. My Life In the Mountains and on the Plains: the Newly Discovered Autobiography by David Meriweather. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965. [Meriweather was in New Mexico in 1821 with slave Alfred, and met a free African- America named Louie who was a wagon driver in New Mexico before the Civil War. Meriweather later became governor of New Mexico. His slave Dennis is also mentioned, on the home plantation in Louisville, Kentucky.] Guthrie, James M. Campfires of the Afro-American or the Colored Man as Patriot. New York: Johnson Reprint of 1899, 1970.

Hafen, Le Roy R. Fremont's Fourth Expedition: a Documentary Account of the Disaster of 1848- 1849. Glendale, California: Arthur H. Clark Co. [Tells of Jackson Saunders with Fremont. He was a free servant from the Benton home who became the chef and orderly of Fremont.]

Haley, Alex. A Different Kind of Christmas. Doubleday, 1989. [A new little book, published in 1988, that quietly made its appearance on the book shelves of book stores, without the usual fanfare of a Haley publication, and tells about the Underground Railroad, a tool of the anti-slavery organizations of the pre-Civil War era.]

Hall, Martin H. Sibley's New Mexico Campaign. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1960. [Reports of William Barclay, an Afro-American Ferrier, possibly mustered in service in the Mesilla Valley area on November 1862 and about the Confederate occupation of Tucson.]

Hallenbeck, Cleve. The Journey of Fray Marcos de Niza. Southern Methodist University Press, 1987. [Information about Estevanico, with a portrait by Cisneros, 1968. Also has a good bibliography, index.]

Hanes, Bailey. Bill Pickett, Bulldoger: the Biography of a Black Cowboy. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977. [Biography of man who invented a unique style of bulldogging.]

Hardesty, Von and Dominick Pisana. Black Wings: The American Black in Aviation. Washington: Smithsonian Institute, National Air space Museum, 1984. [Contains information about Janet Waterford, Tucson resident and pioneer pilot.]

Hargo, Dwayne. Arizona Daily Star. Tucson: Tucson Newspapers Inc., February 25, 1990 . [African-American rodeo clown. His photo in the 1990 Fiesta de la Vaqueros in Tucson.]

Hargrove, Hondon B. Buffalo Soldiers in Italy: Black Americans in World War II. Jefferson N.C.: McFarland and Co., 1985. [Contains information about the 92nd that was stationed at Ft. Huachuca, Arizona.]

Harlan, Louis R. and R. W. Smock eds. The Booker T. Washington Papers: Vol, 14: Cumulative Index. Urbana: University of Illinois, 1989. [Tells of Lt. Henry O. Flipper, first Afro-American graduate of West Point.]

Harris, Richard E. Black Heritage in Arizona. Phoenix: Phoenix Urban League, February 1977. [One of the few books written about the African-American experience in Arizona.]

Harris, Richard E. The First 100 Years: a History of Arizona Blacks. Apache Junction, Arizona: Relmo Pub. [One of the most popular books on this topic.]

Harris, Theodore D., ed. Negro Frontiersman. Henry O. Flipper: Western Memories of Henry Ossian Flipper. El Paso: Texas Western College Press, 1963. Hart, Richard. Slaves Who Abolished Slavery. Volume I: Blacks in Bondage. Jamaica: University of West Indies, 1980. [Provides genesis of American slavery from the Roman withdrawal from England in 410 A.D. after 400 years of occupation to the Moors (Saracens: both brown and black) in Iberia and King Also covers how Christopher Columbus traded in slaves between Guinea and Portugal and how his brother Bartholeme sent 300 Indians in 1496 as slaves. Contains story of Samuel Ajayi El Omari, about Abu Bakr a African Muslim emperor.]

Haury, Emil. Fact Sheets in School Segregation in Arizona by Arizona Council for Civil Unity #1-5. September, October, 1950. [Ph.D. thesis from the University of Minnesota.]

Heard, J. Norman. The Black Frontiersman: Adventures of Negroes Among American Indians 1528-1918. New York: John Day Company, 1969. [Good biographical history of lesser-known events. Also covers 9th, 10th Cavalry with many photos.]

Henry, Bonnie. "Jim Crow Tucson." Arizona Daily Star. November 5, 1989. [Provides more than a report of Jim Crowism in Tucson.]

Hepworth, George H. The Whip, Hoe and Sword or the Gulf Department in '63. Boston: Walker, Wise and Co., 1864. [Much contains prose of his Abolitionist views. He was a Unitarian who became the chaplain of the Black 4th Louisiana Guards.]

Herbert, Eugenia W. Red Gold in Africa: Copper in Pre-colonial History and Culture. University of Wisconson Press, 1984. [Good attention to one of Africa's industries: the copper industry.]

Hermann, Janet Sharp. The Black Community at Davis Bend: the Pursuit of a Dream. Berkeley: University of California, 1979. [History of the aftermath of the Civil War at Jefferson Davis's plantation in Mississippi and how it grew into Mt. Bayou with the help of Isaiah Montgomery, a former Davis slave. This is on microfiche.]

Herskovits, Melville J. comp. The Africana Paper Index. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1982. [Has Key word index and register of conferences.]

Hertzog, Peter, comp. A Directory of New Mexico Desperadoes. [Tells of black desperado: George Cleveland, a member of Kit Joy's Gang in March 1884. Other outlaws (race not mentioned) were Hoodoo Brown.]

Heywood, Andrew. Forty-Eight Hours: Lights ... Camera ... War. New York: Carousel Film and Video, 1989. [A video produced for CBS News about a regiment of Afro-Americans of the Civil War.]

Heywood, Capt. Chester D. Negro Combat Troops in the World War: the Story of the 371st Infantry. New York: AMS Press, 1969. [Tells about the Blue Helmuts, 93rd Division (371st Infantry, a part of it) from 1917-1919 and its history in France with the 333rd French Infantry and the 372nd U.S. Infantry.]

Hill, Donna. Joseph Smith the First Mormon. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1977. [Information about "Blacks in the Early Church" and Elijah Abel being baptized in 1831, ordained an elder in 1836 and ordained a Seventy in 1836, his certificate renewal in 1841 and biographical information about him to his death in 1884. Information also available of another Afro-American, Pete of Ohio.]

Hillary House Publishers. DMMP: the Direct Marketing Market Place. Hillary House, 1985. [Contains information about annual meetings, seminars, courses, clubs and organizations that are available. Such ethnic listings as Johnson Publishers, Black Enterprise and Essence are mentioned.]

Hispanic American Historic Review. "Marriage Patterns of Persons of African Descent in Colonial Mexico in Colonial Mexico City Parish." Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1979.

Holmes, Edward Jr. Brief Review of Black Cowboys in the Territory of Arizona. Phoenix: Rocky Mountain Regional Conference paper 1984. [Good coverage of the Afro-American cowboys.]

Holt, P.M. The Age of Crusades: the Near East from the 11th Century to 1517. London: Longman, 1986. [Good history concerning aspects of the Diaspora.]

Hooks, Rosie Lee, et al. Black People and Their Culture: Selected Writings from the African Diaspora. Washington: Smithsonian, 1976. [Covers Afro-Latin music.]

Howard University Library. Dictionary Catalog of the Arthur B Spingarn College of Negro Authors. Vol 2: Music Catalog. Washington: Howard University Library.

Howe, Mentor and R.E. Lewis, comps. Classified Catalog of the Negro Collection in the Collis P. Huntinaton Library of Hampton University. Hampton: Hampton, Institute, 1940. [Cites Emmett J. Scott's 1919 book.]

Hughes, Langston. "Thank you Ma'am." Short movie of his short story. [Story can be found in Darwin Turner's Black American Fiction.]

Hughes, Sarah Forbes. John Murray Forbes: Letters and recollections. Houghton Mifflin Co., 1899. [Talks of his work to recruit Black regiments for the Civil War and of Fannie Kemble's letters.]

Hull, Gloria et. al. All of the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave. New York: The Feminist Press, 1982. [Contains one essay by a former University of Arizona student, Martha Brown. She writes about the availability of films for the study of African-American culture in a bibliography.]

Hunton, Addie and Kathryn Johnson. Two Colored Women with the Expeditionary Forces. AMS Press, 1972. [Audio-visual version of her book that tells about the military and women.]

Hutchinson, Louise Daniel. Anna J. Cooper: a Voice from the South. Washington : Smithsonian Institute Press and the City of Washington, 1981. [Published for the Anacostia Neighbor Museum. It lists the history of a lady who lived to be 105. It has great photos: Alexander Crummell is just one example] Hutchinson, Louise Daniel. The Anacostia Story: 1608-1930. Smithsonian Institute Press and the City of Washington, 1977. [Has many photos, even includes family of Frederick Douglass. Also available is a brochure of programs held at Anacostia.]

Indiana Historical Collection. The Negro in Indiana before 1900. [Gives some history about Blacks in the Midwest.)

I.S.P.S.R. Guide to Resources and Services 1987-1988. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Inter-University. [Consortium for Political and Social Research.]

Jackson, T.C. Negro Education in Arizona. Tucson: University of Arizona Thesis, 1941. [Good insight into educational history in 1941.]

Johnson, Barry C. Flippers Dismissal: the Ruin of Lt. Henry O. Flipper. U.S.A. [Talks of his removal from the military.]

Johnson, Edward A. History of the Negro Soldiers in the Spanish-American War and other Items of Interest. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., 1970. [Covers the 114 days of war from April 21, 1898 to August 12, 1898, including good photos, of the episode with Teddy Roosevelt and his mistaken impression and wrong order to the troops, who had already received prior orders from another officer. History of African-American navy men, the 25th Infantry at El Caney, Afro-Cuban army allies, the 9th Infantry's charge up San Juan Hill, the frightening yells of the Afro-American soldiers that brought fear to the enemy. Afro-Cuban women, women soldiers and Afro-Cuban leaders like Jose and Gen. Antonio Maceo.]

Johnston, Harry. The Negro in the New World. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp, 1969. [Tells about "Slavery Under the Spaniard" in one section with maps and photos included through the book. It also related the slave experience in Mexico, in English America, in French America and the United States in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama and includes African and Afro-Asiatic peoples]

Johnson, Jesse J. A Pictorial History of Black Soldiers en the United States (1619-1969) in Peace and War. Hampton, Virginia: Hampton Institute, J.J. Johnson, 1970.

Johnson, Jesse J. Black Armed Forces Officers, 1736-197l: a Documented Pictorial History. J.J. Johnson.

Johnson, Jesse J. Black Women in the Armed Forces 1942-1974: a Pictorial History. J.J. Johnson, 1975.

Johnson, John and Lerone Bennett. Succeeding Against the Odds. Warner Books, 1989. [The story of success of the creator of Ebony and of Fashion Fair Cosmetics .]

Johnson, William Henry. Pioneer Spaniards in North America. Little Brown and Co., 1903. [Has some general information about Estevanico.]

Jones, Charles E. Black Holiness: a Guide to the Study of Black Participation. Metuchen, New Jersey, 1987: Scarecrow Press, 1987.

Katz, William L. The Black Indians. New York: Antenum, 1986. [A new book about a seldom-discussed topic. Written by a pioneer in the field.] Katz, William L. The Black West. New York: Doubleday, 1973. [The pioneering work that proved this writer's ability to record history. A later revision is available.]

Kearney, Dodd, comp. Microfilm and Print Holdings Relating to Arizona Pre-1912 Documents. Tucson, Arizona: Government Documents Department of the University of Arizona Library, 1988. [contains information about 1880, 1900, 1910 Federal Population Census Rolls and information about the registers and letters received by the Commissions of the Freedmen's Bureau. They helped African-American solders and sailors file, collect claims for bounties, pensions and back pay.]

Kelley, Thomas E. III. The United States Army and the Spanish American War Era 1895-1910. Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania: United States Military History Research Collection, 1974. [Tells about graves of heroes in Cuba and other good information in book in bibliography about pensions.]

Kelly, J. Wells. First Directory of Nevada Territory 1862: Containing the Names of Residents in Principal Towns. Los Gatos, California: Talisman Press, 1962. [Mentions Afro-American residents: John Shipton, J.H. Jones, Mary A. Ferguson, John Carlisle and William Easton. This author seems unfriendly to Brigham Young and the Mormons.]

Kendrick, Gregory D., ed. Promised Land on the Solomon: Black Settlements at Nicodemus, Kansas. U.S. Department of Interior/National Park Service, 1974. [Good information about the ancestors of some folks who migrated to Arizona.)

Kerby, Robert Lee. Confederate Invasion of New Mexico and Arizona 1861-2. Los Angeles: Westernlore Press, 1958. [Tells of the Confederate rule during the Civil War with Mesilla, New Mexico as the Confederate stronghold and Capitol.]

Kessell, John. Kiva, Cross and Crown: The Pecos Indians and New Mexico. National Park Service, 1979. [Mentions Estevanico, Spanish attitudes toward Chichimecas. The Pecos Indians of New Mexico are also mentioned 1540-1840 time period.]

Kirkham, E. Kay. A Survey of American Church Records: Major and Minor Denomonations between 1880-1890. Logan, Utah: Everton, 1978. [Contains information about churches in Dona Ana county in 1859: and a Mission of San Albino La Mesa 1877-1889, St. Genevieve's Las Cruces 1877-1956.)

Kitt, Edith Stratton. Pioneering in Arizona: the Reminiscients of Emerson Oliver Stratton. Tucson:Arizona Pioneer Historical Society, 1964. [Tells about the Neale hotel, Banjo Dick Mine and about Neale, of Afro-Indian ancestry, and his 1885 government contract to carry mail. He was a pal to Buffalo Bill, who visited him at the Mountainview Hotel in Oracle, Arizona.]

Klein, Herbert S. African Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. [Tells of Blacks in the mining town of Minas Gerais and many who became artists, novelists, composers. Tells of brotherhood organizations of African-borns migrants from Dahomey, Yoruba's Kew nation. Also has information about the maroons and free Afro- Spanish societies. Gives picture of slaves in Mexico just before its independence. By 1830's all were free in Mexico.]

Kneisel, Angela ad. National Directory of Minority-Owned Business Firms. Lombard, Illinois: Pamela G. Osbourne, 1988. [An interesting sourcebook of information .]

Knight, Franklin W. The African Dimension in Latin American Societies. New York: Macmillan, 1974. [Tells of the emigrations of the Africans to America and the extent to with their cultures came with them.]

Knox, Dudley W. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. New York: Antiquarian Press Ltd., 1961. [Something for those who specialize in Civil War history.]

Langston Hughes Review. Spring 1982. Providence, Rhode Island: Official Publication of the Langston Hughes Society, 1982.

Lanker, Brian. I Dream a World: Portraits of Black Women Who Changed America. New York: Stewart, Tabori and Chang, 1989. [Book about an exhibit shown in Phoenix, Arizona Art Museum in 1989.]

Law, Robin. The Horse in West African History: the Role of the Horse On the Societies of Pre- Colonial West Africa. Oxford University Press, 1980. [Information about saddles, stirrups (drawings), horse trading map, breeding, introduction of the horse by the Hyskos to the Egyptians 1720 B.C.]

Lawson, Harry. African-Americans in Aviation in Arizona: a Report of the African-American History Internship Project. Tucson: Pima Community College and the Arizona Historical Society, 1989.

Lawson, Sandra M. Generations Past: a Selected List of Sources for Afro-American Genealogical Research. Washington: Library of Congress, 1988. [Covers information available from each state in the U.S.]

Leavengood, Betty. "Black Cowboys You Don't See Them in John Wayne Movies. But They Were There." Tucson Citizen. Tucson: Tucson Newspaper Inc., September 21, 1985.

Leckie, William H. The Buffalo Soldiers: a Narrative of the Negro Cavalry in the West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.

Lee, Arthur T. Fort Davis: the Texas Frontier. College Station: Texas A & M, 1976. [Lee helped establish Ft. Davis and he fought in the Seminole Wars and the Mexican War. He was a member of the 8th Infantry Regiment who came from Northumberland, Pennsylvania. He served with the "Army of Occupation" in Texas and sketched many of the scenes in Texas. He was able to report history in Texas through the eyes of a white artist-soldier.]

Levine, Sumner, ed. The 1989 Dow Jones-Irwin Business and Investment Almanac. [Explains such terms as SBIC (Small Business Investment Company), MESBIC ( Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company) and lists Arizona. financial institutions created to make credit available to small business independent businesses. A readable source that also contains an index.]

Little, Arthur W. From Harlem to the Rhine: the Story of New York's Colored Volunteers. New York: Friede Publishers, 1936. [Tells of the 367th "Men of Bronze" from 1917-1919 and their days at Maffrecourt 1918, Ungersheim (Rhine) in 1918 and of its commander William Hayward.)

Littlefield, D.F. Africans and Seminoles from Removal to Emancipation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977. [Contains lists of Afro-American prisoners, slaves and free Blacks with the Seminoles.]

Littlefield, D.F. Africans and Creeks from the Colonial period to the Civil War. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1979. [Slave names appear in some chapter notes along with information about Black Creeks in the First Kansas Colored Infantry, the 79th, the 2nd Kansas Colored Infantry (later 83rd U.C.C.T.1) and the 1st Indian Home Guards.]

Littlefield, D. F. Cherokee Freedmen: from Emancipation to American Citizenship. Westport, Connecticut, Greenwood Press, 1978. [Tells of materials available about the Black-Indian experience in Oklahoma and Ft. Gibson; about the various rolls of the Wallace, Kern-Clifton and Dawes Commissions.]

Lornell, Kit. Virginia's Blues. Country and Gospel Records. 1902-1943: an Annotated Discography. University of Kentucky, 1989. [Tells of Golden Gate Quartet of 1937, and many others. Some photos of groups.]

Louisiana Historical Records Survey, W.P.A. Guide to Depositories of Manuscript Collections in Louisiana. Louisiana States University, 1941.

Love, Nat. The Life and Adventures of Nat Love: Deadwood Dick. New York: Arno Press, 1968. [Reprint of the 1907 autobiography of a famous cowboy, who lived in Holbrook, Arizona when he earned the title of Deadwood Dick.]

Lowe, C. "Black Cowboy's Pioneer Spirit Have Built a Ranch Town of Keeylocko." Tucson Citizen. October 26, 1987. Tucson: Tucson Newspapers Inc. [Article about an African-American rancher and the town he built in Arizona.]

Luce, W. Ray. "The Paul Laurence Dunbar House America's First Publicly Owned Afro- American Historic Site." Cultural Resources Management. Volume 13: No. 1. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service., January 1990. [One of many such shrines around the country. Many others are in danger of decay.]

Lynch, Patricia. Guide to the Heartman Manuscripts on Slave[y. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1982. [Located at Xavier University in Louisiana. Box XX contains 'Records of the U.S. Armed Services 1841-1898' and good slave records and an index.]

Lynk, Miles V. The Black Troopers: or the Daring Heroism of Negro Soldiers in the Spanish American War. New York: AMS Press, 1971. [Information about the 9th and 10th Cavalry, 24th and 25th Infantry, 3rd North Carolina, 8th Illinois, 23rd Kansas, 6th Virginia, 10th Georgia Volunteer Infantry and the 9th Ohio Battalion Immune Regulars. It also names Afro-American leaders: Maj. William H. Johnson of the 6th, Corp. William H. Farmer of 8th, only Afro-American surgeon in the regular army in Cuba: Dr. Authur M. Brown and two Afro-American paymasters: Maj. R.. Wright and Maj. John R. Lynch.]

Mac Gregor, Morris J. Jr. Integration of the Armed Forces 1940-1965. Washington: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1981. [Tells a little about army life before the 1940's]

Mair, Lucy. African Kingdoms. Oxford: Claredon Press, 1971. [Tells about forest kingdoms and the leadership of the Oyoko lineage of rulers.]

Marks, George P. III. The Black Press's Views of American Imperialism (1898-1900). New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1971. [Good photos of African-Americans in Cuba and a good Appendix of black history books. It offers opinions about activity in Hawaii, Cuba and the Philippines.]

Martone, Camille M. comp. Damaged and Threatened National Historic Landmarks 1988 Report. Washington: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. [Talks of Awatoui Ruins on Coronado's Route in Arizona; in Government Documents Department, 1 29.1 1 7/2:988.]

Massey, Margeret E. Refugee Life in the Confederacy. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. [Tells of life among the refugees behind the Confederate lines.]

Matney, William C. and Dwight L. Johnson. America's Black Population: 1970-1982: a Statistical View. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1983. [Reports about Phoenix, Arizona black population of 1980.]

Matney, William C. ed. Who's Who Among Black Americans, 1985. 4th ed. Lake Forest, Illinois: An Wolk Krouse Publishers, 1985. [Mentions Ulysses Kay, Tucson-born African American symphony conductor, currently at Herbert H. Lehman College, Bronx and of his wife who attended the University of Arizona.]

Maxwell, Angela Cervantes. A nomination to the Women's Hall of Fame in Arizona, June 1978. [She was born in Chicago and lived and died in Tucson, Arizona. She married Morgan Maxwell Jr. and raised her family there. Included in folder is a Arizona Daily Star clipping about her: June 1,1978. Located at Arizona State University at Tempe, Arizona in Arizona Collection in Hayden Library. CB Max, Ang.]

Mayer, Robert A. Blacks in American: a Photographic Record. Rochester, New York: International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House. [Tells about work by Andrew Gardner who photographed Charles Wester and Josephus Albee of the 9th Ohio ( Colored) at Camp Alger, Virginia 1897, and of his photo of the U.S. Overland Stage in 1867 with Blacks on the roof on its Kansas to California Route. He also did Lewis W. Hine: a Sergeant of the Rainbow Division of 1917 and other African-American vets of the 15th Regiment of the 369th Infantry of New York City in 1918.]

Mayer, Vincent. The Black on New Spain's Northern Frontier: San Jose de parral 1631-1641. Durango, Colorado: South Western Studies, 1974. [Slave trade of Hidalgo del Parral, Mexico.] Mays, Joe H. Black American and the Contributions to the Union Victory in the American Civil War 1861-1865. New York: Lanham, 1984. [Tells about the War of the Rebellion Official Records of the Union and confederate Armies: 128 volumes.]

Mazrui, Ali A. World Culture and the Black Experience. Seattle: University of Washington Press.?? [Talks about science and Black marginality. Written by the author of The Africans television series of the late 1980's.]

McCaffrey, James M. This Band of Heroes. Austin, Texas: Eakin Press, 1985. [Tells of Granbury's Confederate Brigade of the Civil War. Entire Brigade is named and It contains names of 11 African-Americans, included 3 women and 7 Indians and 1 Mexican. It tells the exact regiments in which each served. We see such people as Solomon Smith of the 10th Texas Infantry Regiment (listed here under miscellaneous) and p. Sell and Nelso with the 24th Texas Cavalry Regiment, three slave matrons: Julia, Lucy, Rila and Jess Powell with the 7th Texas Infantry Regiment, One contraband: Sam with the 7th Texas Infantry Regiment and the property of J.S. Crawford and tow others: La Fayette Herne and Samuel Hill of Co. H of the 7th Texas Infantry Regiment.]

Mc Carroll, Jean and Tobi Bergman. The Negro in the Congressional Record. Vol. X 20th Congress 1827-9. New York: Bergman publishers, 1971. [Has extracts from the debates in congress.]

Mc Clintock, James H. Arizona the Youngest State. Chicago: J.J. Clarke, 1916. [Describes the Peeples Party of gold seekers that included Pauline Weaver, as guide, Ben (stout African-American), a young Mexican and three Americans. The party started from Ft. Yuma on April 1, 1863.]

Mc Guire, Philip. Taps for Jim Crow Army: Letters from Black Soldiers in World War II. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio, 1983. [Contains information about the 93rd Infantry officers and their protests. Index helpful too.]

McMillan, Terry. Disappearing Acts. [A professor in residence at the University of Arizona whose novel Disappearing Acts may become a movie.]

Mellafe, Rolando. Negro Slavery in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975. [Defines many of the racial mixture terms used.]

Mesa Public Schools. Our Town: Mesa Arizona 1878-1978. Mesa Public Schools, 1978. [Tells of Clara McPherson Lewis and her dad Alexander of the 10th Cavalry.]

Metzger, Linda, ed. et al. Black Writers: a Selection of Sketches from Contemporary Authors. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1989. [Contains information about such writers as Augusta Baker to Octavia E. Butler, a Science Fiction writer and many of the Coretta Scot King Award winners.]

Miller, Randall M. The Afro-American Slaves: Community or Chaos? Malabar, Florida: Robert E. Krieger Publishing co., 1981. [An anthology of essays by such writers as Gutman, G.M Frye, John Blassingame, Gerald W. Millin and others. This unique set of essays covers such topics as the letterbook of Josiah Smith Jr (1770-5) of two plantations in South Carolina, the original inventions of African Americans in South Carolina and many others.]

Mohr, Clarence. On the Threshold of Freedom: Masters and Slaves in Civil War Georgia. Athens:University of Georgia Press, 1986. [Tells of the Lemuel P. Grant Papers of Atlanta Historical Society that include "List of Negroes Impressed Under Act of 2/17/64 General Order #86 December 15, 1864..."]

Momeni, Jamshid A. Demography of Racial Ethnic Minorities in the United States: An Annotated Bibliography with a Review Essay. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1984. [Contains fertility charts of statistics that include many ethnic groups.]

Moroney, Sean ad. Africa: Vol 1. Vol 11, New York: Facts on File. 1989. [Good factual up-to-date information available.] DT3 H36

Morris, Aldon D. The Origin of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. New York: The Free Press, 1984. [Contains historic information about community organization.]

Morrison, Toni. Beloved. Penguin, 1987. [This book was the 1988 Pulitzer Prize winner for Fiction. It is truly different book and a first for this writer, with Gothic features and much more.]

Moskowitz, Edward, et. al. Everybody's Business Scoreboard: Corporate America's Losers and Also-Rans. [Covers many ethnic producers and includes interesting tidbits of information. A readable source that lists at least 10 African-American owned companies.]

Motley, Mary P. comp,. ed. The Invisible Soldiers: the Experiences of the Black Soldiers, World War II. Detroit: Wayne State, 1975. [contains a good glossary, index. Regiments are outlined. A good reference book.]

Muller, William G. The Twenty Fourth Infantry. Ft. Collins, Colorado: Old Army Press, 1972. [Hard-to find history of a group seldom written about. Located in Science Library US29 M8.]

Mullern, Robert W. Blacks in America's Wars. New York: Monad Press, 1973. [Covers "Harlem Hell Fighters," the 369th Infantry in World War I in the Rhine and the 24th Infantry's 64 court-martialed men at Ft. Sam Houston, Texas trial and the 10th Cavalry in Cuba. Contains some photos, drawings.]

Munden, Kenneth W. Union. Guide to Federal Archives Relating to the Civil War. Washington: National Archives Records Service, 1986. [Arizona Territory is mentioned and its 1861-2 history.]

Muraskin, William A. Middle Class Blacks in a White Society: Prince Hall Freemasonry in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975. [Arizona Mason established by 1919. "Negro Secret Societies" by Ed Palmer in Social Forces. (December 1944 issue) is cited.]

Murray, Andrew E. Presbyterians and the Negro. Philadelphia: Presbyterian Historical Society, 1966. [Contains an index and general history from 1683-1919 and beyond.] Myers, Walter Dean. Fallen Angels. New York: Scholastic Inc., 1988. [The 1989 winner of the Coretta Scott King Award-Winning books by Black Authors. It is the story of his brother. This novel about Vietnam can be used by young adults too.]

Pankhurst, Richars. The Historical Geography of Ethiopia: from the First Century A.D. to 1704. Oxford University Press, 1989. [Good history of Ethiopia, along with its history of naval explorations. Includes information about Aksum inscriptions and the royal chronicles.

Parish, James and George H. Hill. Black Action Films. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Co., 1989. [An excellent resource book for folks interested in planning film festivals or special courses using these films.]

Patterson, Ruth Polk. The Seed of Sally Good's: a Black Family of Arkansas 1833-1853. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1985.

Perkins, Useni Eugene. Harvesting New Generations: the Positive Development of Black Youth. Chicago: Third World Press, 1989. [Should prove helpful to people working with youth.]

Pescatello, Ann M., ed. The African in Latin America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975. [Contains essays by West, Davidson, Barrestt that give information about Blacks in mining, the Palenques in Colonia Mexico, the Afromestizos and the settlements of African-Mexicans, the maroons and the Chichimec uprisings. Maroon Settlements and Yanga the maroon leader of Mexico and the maroon settlement of San Lorenzo de los Negros of the 1600's. Information about slavery and the Mexican sugar Haciendas of the 1540's.]

Phylon. "The Afro-American Press and Mexican Policy." Atlanta: Atlanta University, Winter 1989. [Comments and opinions about American Imperialism.]

Pollard, William L. Study of Black Self Help. San Francisco, 1978. [Some information about Virginia, but not Arizona.]

Porter, Dorothy B., comp. The Negro in the United States. University Microfilms, 1969. [Good bibliography by a pioneering historian and former librarian of Howard University.]

Porter, Dorothy B., comp. The Negro in the United States: a Selected Bibliography. Washington: Library of Congress, 1970. [Contains works such as a citation by Charles Abrams of Forbidden Neighbors: a Study in Prejudice in Housing, good general information with a good military history bibliography.]

Porter, Kenneth W. The Negro on the American Frontier. New York: Arno Press, 1971. [An outstanding work by a pioneering historian.]

Powell, Don. Arizona Index. G.K. Hall. 1978. [A general finding tool.]

Powell, Philip W. Mexico's Miguel Caldera: The Taming of America's First Frontier 1548-1597. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 1977. [Tells of Black involvement in the silver rush of 1550 and of the 300 households of black slaves and of the free Negroes and Mulattoes in Zacatecas. "The Strangest of Wars" was known as the Chichimeca War, 1550-1590. Caldera was a Mestizo.]

Powers, Stephen. The Effect of Testwaseness on the Reading Achievement Scores of Minority Populations: Final Report in the National Institute of Education. United States Department of Education. Tucson: Tucson Unified School District #1 Department of Legal and Research Services, 1982. [Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche "March 1982" "NIE Teaching and Learning Program Grant" NIE G 80 9976..]

Press, Charles. Exploring with Fremont: the Private Diaries of Charles Press. Cartographer for John C. Fremont on the lst, 2nd and 4th Expeditionsons to the Far West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1958. [Jacob Dodson, an Afro-American from Washington, D.C. was on the expedition.]

Proehl, Paul O., ed. African Arts/Arts d'Afrique. Los Angeles: University of California, 1967. [Good photo of such African musical instruments as the balafon and cora with good art on the architecture, along with photos. Articles about the "African Xylophone" and the ... "politics of Music in Mali". Traces decades of art.]

Prospector. June 22, 1905. [Tells of 200 African-Americans that migrate from Texas.)

Pyatt, Sherman E., comp. Martin Luther King Jr.: an Annotated Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1986.

Ragsdale, Bruce. Black Americans in Congress 1870-1989. United States Government Printing Office, 1990. [New work with a cumulative history that dates back to the 1870's. Includes photos.)

Rascoe, Jesse. Old Arizona Treasures. Ft. Davis, Texas: Frontier Book Co., Pub., 1968. [Talks of the Wham paymaster robbers of Cedar Springs on May 11, 1889 with $29,000 taken.]

Rawick, George. The American Slave: a Composite Autobiography. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing. [A set of slave narratives arranged by the state in which the ex-slave was interviewed.]

Research Libraries of the New York Public Library. Dictionary Catalog of the Schomburg Collection. Supplement 1974. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1976. [Good resource for national information.]

Richter, William L. Army in Texas During Reconstruction, 1865-1870. College Stations: Texas A and M University Press, 1987. [Gives good background for Juneteenth and military history of Afro-American troops in Texas.]

Robinson, Louie. "Champion Brangus Breeder: Rancher Alex Dees is a Leader in the Development of a Popular Breed of Cattle." Ebony. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., September 1976 .

Rodgers-Rose, La France. The Black Woman. London: Sage Publications. [Essays by different writers on a variety of interesting topics.] Rose, James and Alice Eicholtz. Black Genesis. Gale: Detroit, 1978. [Good genealogy sourcebook.]

Rose, Thomas. Black Leaders: Then and Now. Garrett Park, Maryland: Garrett Park Press, 1984. [Tells of people like Julian Bond and Carlayne Hunter-Gault.)

Ross, Edyth L. Black Heritage in Social Welfare 1860-1930. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1978. [Talks of the establishment of the Afro-American towns such as Mt. Bayou, Mississippi, in Bolivar County, and of its founder Isaiah T. Montgomer , former slave of Jefferson Davis's brother Joseph E. Davis, owner of Hurricane and Brierfield Plantations. This 4,000 acres of land became Mt. Bayou. Information also available about the Exodusters.]

Roucek, Joseph S. and Thomas Kiernan. The Negro's Impact on Western Civilization. New York: Philosophical Library, 1970. [Essays by different writers that deal with topics about Blacks in Science, Black Latin Americans and Black Moors.]

Rudisill, Richard, comp. Photographs of the New Mexico Territory 1854-1912. Museum of New Mexico, 1973. [Tells about photographers Henry Buehman (1851-1912 and Camilus S. Fly. These two photographers had photos of many African-Americans in their collections .)

Rusco, Elmer R. "Good Time Coming?" Black Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Press, 1975. [Provides history of early African-American residents of Nevada.]

Sampson, Charles. Arizona Dally Star. Tucson Newspapers Inc., February 25, 1990. [Photo of this champion African-American bullrider appears in 1990 rodeo in Tucson as he ties for second.]

Sanborn Map Company. Maps of Arizona. New York: Sanborn Map co., 1883. [These maps of Tucson locate various older businesses and churches that involved African-Americans. The 1883 map locates the Cosmopolitan Hotel where African- Americans worked, Levins Park (where Banjo Dick played). The 1886 map locates the San Xavier Hotel on Toole Avenue (#228-235) where Afro-Americans worked and the Southern Pacific Railroad Freight Depot where they slept. The 1919 map locates the African Methodist Episcopal Church (#56) and the 1948 map locates Dunbar School on West 2nd Street (#309) and 11th Avenue, next to Holy Family.]

Sasanett, Mariena. Educational Systems of Africa: Interpretations for Use in the Evaluation of Credentials. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.

Savage, W. Sherman. Blacks in the West. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1976. [Covers migrations of African-Americans to the West and those in the military.]

Savage, W. Sherman. "The Role of Negro Soldiers in Protecting the Indian Frontier from Intruders." Journal of Negro History. Vol. 36. Atlanta: Association for the Study of Afro- American Life and History, 1951. [Produced by a man who made such history a life work. This is one of his early essays.] Scally, Mary A. Negro Catholic Writers 1900-1943: a Biographical Bibliography. Detroit: Walter Romig and Co., 1945. [Covers a different topic than one that is usually written about.]

Schraff, A.E. Black Courage. Philadelphia: Macrae Smith Co., 1969. [Tells of Esteban and the story of another yet slave in Arizona.]

Schlessinger, Bernard S. and June S. The Who's Who of Nobel Prize Winners. Onyx Press, 1986. [Tells of such Nobel Peace prize winners as Dr. King of 1964 and Ralph Bunch of 1950.]

Schmidt, Nancy. Sub-Saharan African Films and Filmmakers: an Annotated Bibliography. New York: Hans Zell Pub., 1988. [Good information about foreign films by and about Africans and those interested in Africa.]

Schwartz, Rosalie. Across the Rio to Freedom: United States Negroes in Mexico. El Paso: University of Texas at El Paso, 1975. [Another leg of the Underground Railroad that is seldom mentioned.]

Scott, Emmett Jay. Scott's Official History of the American Negro in the World War. Chicago: Homewood Press, 1919. [An outstanding documented history acquired from the Miller Collection in 1989.]

Scott, Robert N. War of the Rebellion Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Series 1, vol 26 Part 1. Harrisburg, Pennasylvania: National Historical Society, 1971. [A re-publication by the Government Printing Office's 1889 version.]

Shavit, David. The United States in Africa: a Historical Dictionary. New York: Greenwood, 1989. [A new look at relations between the two countries and the people of different races from the United States that visited Africa.]

Silvera, John D. The Negro in World War II. New York: Arno, 1969. [Many photos and information about the chaplains included in this work. The Appendix contains names of units that served, including the 92nd and 93rd divisions of Ft. Huachuca, along with the Tusked Airmen and women military. An excellent reference book.]

Simmons, William J. Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressing and Rising. New York: Arno Press, 1968. [Reprint of an 1887 edition published in Cleveland by George M. Rewell and Company. Mentions Chaplain Allen Allensworth of the 24th Infantry, who later went to California to found a town.]

Simpson, Marc. Winslow Homer Paintings of the Civil War. San Francisco: Bedford Arts, Publishers, 1988. [Contains such works as "Near Andersonville" "The Cotton Pickers" "Dressing for the Carnival" "The Bright Side -1865." A good chapter by Marc Simpson about "Bright Side: Humorously Conceived and Truthfully Executed." A good bibliography is also included.]

Sloan, Richard E. Memories of a Arizona Judge. California: Stanford University Press, 1932. [Tells of Wham Robbery and one witness Maggie Campbell, she and her husband were professional gamblers.] Slonaker, John. United States Army and the Negro. Special Bibliography #2. Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. Military History Research Collection Bib., 1971. [Good general history.]

Slonaker, John. The Volunteer Army: a Military History. Research Collection Bibliography. Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania: U.S. Army Military History Research Collection, 1972. Special Bibliography #5. [Talks of desertion of Alabama troops from the Confederate Army. Good general history]

Smith, Billy G. and Richard Wojtowicz. Blacks Who Stole Themselves: Advertisements for Runaways in the Pennsylvania Gazette 1730-1790. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. [Indexed by dates, names.]

Smith, Clifford Ned. Federal Land Series. Chicago: American Library Association, 1986. [Good general book for those doing genealogy.)

Smith, Cornelius C. Jr. Fort Huachuca: the Story of a Frontier Post. Arizona: Fort Huachuca, 1978. [Good history about the post and the various charts, chronologies are helpful.]

Smith, Gloria L. Black Americana in Arizona. Tucson: G.L. Smith, 1977. [Basic history about African-Americans in Arizona. Begins with use of Africans by the Arabs and Spanish in the Old World colonial systems. Covers period up to the mid 1900's.]

Smith, Gloria L. "Blacks in the 1900 Census of Arizona." Copper State Bulletin. [An article that contains list of African-Americans found in this census.]

Smith, Julia Floyd. Slavery and Plantation Growth in Antebellum Florida. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1973. [Slave names and narratives in appendix. ]

Snow, Loudell Marie Fromme. A Medical System of a Group of Urban Blacks. Tucson: University of Arizona, 1971. [A dissertation.]

Snow, Philip. The Star Raft: China's Encounter with Africa. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson., 1988. [Information about cultural exchanges of the past.]

Snyder, Thompas P. and Eva Galambos. Higher Education Administrative Costs: Continuing the Study. Office of Education Research and Improvement: United States Department of Education, Jan 1988. [Covers events in 10-year increments of statistics.]

Spicer, Edward H. Cycles of Conquest: The Impact of Spain, Mexico, and the United States on the Indians of the Southwest, 1533-1960. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 1962. [Tells of 1621 silver strike at Parral, Mexico and the need for additional workers.]

Spradling, Mary M., ed. In Black and White: Afro-Americans in Print. Kalamazoo: Kalamazoo Public Library, 1976. [An outstanding index that is very much like a Who's Who. It cites the works of J. Eugene Grigsby, of a Phoenix artist and a scholar, Nat Love, known as Deadwood Dick, Ulysses Simpson Kay, a Tucson composer, Henry O. Flipper, first African-American graduate from West Point, Green Flake, a Afro-American Mormon buried in Utah, other Afro- Americans: Bat Baptiste and John Swain , from Texas John Slaughter's group of cowboys in Tombstone.]

Sprecher, Daniel. Guide to Films (16MM) About Negroes. Alexandria, Virginia: Serino Press, 1970. [Information of films about the Emancipation Proclamation, Afro-American Soldier and Urban League History.]

Steckel, Richard H. The Economics of U.S. Slavery and Southern White Fertility. New York: Garland, 1985. [Bibliography offers information about publications: Richard Sutch "The Breeding of Slaves for Sale in the Westward Expansion of Slavery 1850-1860" from Race and Slavery in the West. Princeton 1975. Other information about the Civil War and later pension index (T 288) and troops organized in southern states.]

Steere, Peter. Arizona State Bibliography. Connecticut: Meckler Pub., Co., 1990-1. [New publication to provide history from archeological past of Arizona, through the 1540's and beyond.]

Steptoe, John. Mufaro's Beautiful Daughters. Lothrop Pub., 1987. [This is a Coretta Scott King Award-Winning book that is beautifully illustrated, with a good story line about young African women. It is suitable for young people, and older folks will enjoy sharing it with the very young for read-to-me experiences. Also in filmstrip/cassette.]

Stewart, Paul W. Black Cowboys. Broomfield, Colorado: Phillips Pub. [Lists Benny Veto as an Arizona Cowboy and several others from New Mexico.]

Steward, T. G. Steward: the Colored Regiments in the United States Army with a Sketch of the History of the Colored American and an Account of his Services in the Wars of the Country, from the Period of the Revolutionary War to 1899. New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1969. [T.G. Steward was a chaplain of the 25th Infantry. It contains a list of the Medal of Honor and Certificate of Merit soldiers of the 9th and the 10th cavalry, along with Baker's Diary and some names of Afro-American officers. The Original was done in 1904.]

Stewart, Thomas. Spanish American War Veterans of Pennsylvania: Records of Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Spanish American War. Pennsylvania: William Stanley Ray, 1901.

Stovall, Emmett. In the Face of the Sun. Chicago: Childrens' Press, 1970. [Tells about how an African American became a pilot, juvenile book.]

Stuart, M.S. An Economic Detour: a History of Insurance in the Lives of American Negroes. New York: Johnson Reprint, 1970. [Mammoth Life and Accident Insurance Company history. Earlier version by Wendell Malliet and Company. ]

Sweig, Donald. Registration of Free Negroes Commencing September Court 1822. Book #2 and Registration of Free Blacks 1835 Book 3. Fairfax, Virginia: Fairfax County Historical Commission. [An excellent reference book with data about manumission papers registered in Fairfax county, many slaves that belonged to George Washington.]

Szues, Loretta Dennis. Chicago Cook County Sources: A Genealogy and History Guide. [May be of help to those interested in Illinois genealogy.]

Taylor, Frank H. Philadelphia During the Civil War 1861-1865. Philadelphia: The City of Philadelphia, 1913. [Covers the mustering in location of many of the U.S. Colored Troops of the Civil War at Camp William Pennsylvania.]

Tennely, J. B. Secy. Our Negro and Indian Missions: Annual Report of the Secretary of the Commission for the Catholic Missions Among the Colored People and the Indians. Washington: Commission for Catholic Missions among the Colored People and the Indians. [Tells of "Missions in the Southwest."]

Terrell, John Upton. Estevanico the Black. Los Angeles, Westernlore Press, Publishers, 1968. [An entire book that gives vivid accounts of his journey through the Southwest, including Arizona. Contains maps too.]

Thompson, Edgar T. and Alma M. Thompson. Race and Region: Descriptive Bibliography Compiled with Special Reference to the Relations Between Whites and Negroes in the United States. Earlier version done by Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. [Contains excellent bibliography.]

Thompson, Jerry D. Col. John R. Baylor: Texas Indian Fighter and Confederate Soldier. Waco, Texas: Library Binding Co., 1971. [Biography done by the grandson of Baylor, who was the Governor of Arizona during the Civil War, where Mesillas was the headquarters for the First Judicial District of the Confederates.]

Thompson, Vincent Bakpetu. Making of the African Diaspora in the Americas 1441-1900. [Appendix discusses Asiento License holders of 1518-1805, color classifications and hierarchies. Good map of the African Diaspora and an index.]

Thurmon, Ralph C. The Future and Other Stories. Chicago: Third World Press, 1989. [New released in December 1989.]

Tienstra, Richard at. al. Survey of Arizona State Legal and Law in Related Documents. Phoenix: Association of Law Libraries, 1988. [Located in Government Documents Department.]

Torres, Lous and M. Baumler. Historical Structure Report ... of Faraway Ranch. United States Dept. of Interior, July 1984. [Give no information about the Black Regiments or the Garfield Monument. Another related study (129.88/2-2:C44) Furnishings at Faraway also lacks information about the fireplace that contains stones from the Garfield Monument.)

Trotman, C.J. ed. Richard Wright: Myths and Realities. New York: Garland, 1988. [Group of essays about Wright and his works.]

Twining and Keith Baird, ed. Sea Island Roots -- or African Presence in the Carolinas and Georgia. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, Inc., 1989. Tyler, McGraw. In Bondage and Freedom: Antebellum Black Life in Richmond. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, Press, 1988. [Information about the Afro-American population of Richmond.]

Underhill, Lonnie, comp. Index to the Federal Census of Arizona for 1860, 1864 and 1870: Federal Census Territory of New Mexico and Territory of Arizona. [Contains excerpts from the Decennial Federal Census of 1860 for Arizona County in the Territory of New Mexico, the Spanish Territory of 1864 taken in Arizona and the Decennial Federal Census of 1870 for the Territory of Arizona. It appears in Senate Document #13 of the 89th Congress in Session (Serial 12668-1) Charles Embers appears in 1870 census at Maricopa Wells in Gila Bend, along with others around the state.]

United States Army Memorial Affairs Agency. Ft. Snelling National Cemetery. Washington: U.S. Army Memorial Affairs Agency. [Deals with burials of former members of the Black regiments of Arizona.]

United States Bureau of the Census. Census Catalog of Publications 1790-1945. Washington: Bureau of Social and Economic Statistics Administration, June 1974. [Provides economic and social statistics, information about early African-American pilots also included (790-945).]

United States Bureau of the Census. 1970 Census Tract Report. Washington: Bureau of the Census, 1970.

United States Bureau of the Census. Negroes in the United States 1920-1932. Washington: Department of Commerce. [Provides information about population: marital status, literacy, age and gender by state.]

United States Census Office. Statistical Atlas of the United States 1900. Washington, 1903. [Population Statistics about African Americans available here. Located in gov. docs.]

United States Department of the Army. World War 1917-1919: Military Operations of the American Expeditionary Forces. Washington: History Division - Department of the Army, 1948. [Divisional history of French Army 1918. Soldiers trained in Arizona fought there in France.]

United States Department of Defense. Black Americans' Defense of Our Nations. Washington: Office of the Department Assistant of Defense for Equal Opportunity and Safety Policy, 1985. [List of academy graduates provided and photos of top ranking black officers and civilian workers, along with names of ships named after Blacks, 93rd Division photo and World War II's twelve African-American units.]

United States Department of Education. Applications for Grant under the Patricia R. Harris Fellowship Program for Graduate Professional Study Fellowships. CFDA 384.094B USDOE, 1988.

United States Government Printing Office. Civil Right's Restoration Act of 1985. Washington, 1986.

United States National Archives Records Service. Guide to the National Archives of the United States. Washington: General Services Administration.

University of Nebraska. The Black Frontier. University of Nebraska, 1970. [Very extensive sampling of history. Contains historic photos and drawings that are seldom seen. It begins with Esteban, Ed. Rose, Elijah Abel, an Afro-American Mormon who was ordained in April 1841 as a priest. Good biographical information.]

University of Utah Marriott Library. Black Bibliography. Bibliographic Series. University of Utah, 1974. [Work. by Charles Abrams "Home Ownership for the Poor," a work by Alfred Haynes about the distribution of Afro-American doctors in the country and a work by John S. Kirkham about the housing status of Blacks in Salt Lake County.]

Upton, William H. Negro Masonry. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, 1902. [Contains good history of fraternal organization.]

BOUND VOLUME OF SERIALS

United States Government Printing Office. House Documents Volume 94: #335 American History Association Report. 1925 Supplement. Washington: 70th Congress, First Session, 1927-1928. [A report of the American Historical Association to the 70th U.S. Congress.]

NATIONAL ARCHIVES PAMPHLETS TO ACCOMPANY MICROCOPY (FILM ROLLS)

United States National Archives Records Service. Pamphlet to Accompany Microcopy #228: State Department Territorial Papers of Nebraska 1854-1867. Washington: National Archives Records Service, General Services Administration, 1955. [Film 1416 goes with this covers Civil War and Indian troubles. Pamphlet describes film's contents.]

United States National Archives Records Service. Pamphlet to Accompany Microcopy # 283: Dispatches from United States Consuls in Nogales, Sonora Mexico 1889-1906. Washington: National Archives Records Service, General Services Administration,1969. [Film 1234 covers border fights. Pamphlet describes film's contents.]

United States National Archives Records Service. Pamphlet to Accompany Microcopy # 289. Washington: National Archives Records Service, General Services Administration,1969. [Film 1282 tells of settlement of Blacks in Coahuila from the U.S. Pamphlet describes film's contents.]

United States National Archives Records Service. Pamphlet to Accompany Microcopy # 296. Washington: National Archives Records Service, General Services Administration,1969. [Film 1287 covers Maximillian's rule in Mexico, French Occupation, the Spanish American War. Pamphlet describes film's contents.]

United States National Archives Records Service. Pamphlet to Accompany Microcopy #299. Dispatches from United States Consuls in Piedias Negros, Mexico 1868-1906. Washington: National Archives Records Service, General Services Administration. [Film 1278 covers the revolt by the Negroes from Alabama in Terreon and Tlahualilo. Pamphlet describes film's contents.] United States National Archives Records Service. Pamphlet to Accompany Microcopy # 342: State Department Territorial Papers of Arizona 1864-1872. Washington: National Archives Records Service,General Services Administration. [Film 1415 is placed between Alabama and Arkansas. Pamphlet describes film's contents.]

United States National Archives Records Service. Pamphlet to Accompany Microcopy # 429: lnterior Department Territorial Papers of Arizona 1868-1884. Washington: National Archives Records Service, General Services Administration, 1963. [Film 1417 covers the Mexican border disturbances of 1878-1884, and period of time in 1866 when Arizona was joined to Southern Nevada and February 14, 1912 during President Taft's administration. Pamphlet describes film's contents.]

MICROCOPY (MICROFILM ROLL)

United States National Archives Records Service. Returns from Regular Army Infantry. [There is a person by the name of William Cathy on the roster. This is possibly the person who was actually Cathy Williams and passed for a man until she became ill and was discovered. Microfilm 1691, Roll 38 in Government Documents Department.]

United States National Archives Record Service. Returns From the United States Military Posts 1800 1916. Washington: General Services Administration. [Film 1652 (Roll #1524) deals with Mesilla, New Mexico 1863-4 when the Confederate Army took over as the 5th Infantry of the Union clash with them.]

Van Deusen, John G. The Black Man in White America. Washington: Associated Publishers, 1944. [Good chapter on the African-American soldiers. Contains a good bibliography.]

Vivian, Octavia. Coretta: the Story of Mrs. Martin Luther King Jr. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1970. [Gives good genealogical history of Obadiah Scott and Bernice McMurray Scott: parents of Coretta, and of Coretta's siblings Obie Leo and Edythe.]

Vogel, Susan Mussen. African Aesthetics: the Carlo Monzeno Collection. New York: Center for African Art, 1987. [Good for those involved with evaluations of art.]

W.P.A. Guide to Manuscript Collections in Michigan- Volume 1. Detroit: WPA Michigan Historical Records Survey, 1941. [Mentions Afro-Americans in the township of the Calvin Township Papers 1921, 1939.]

W.P.A. Writers Program. Arizona State Guide. New York: Hastings House, 1976. [Estevanico is briefly mentioned.]

Wachmann, Klaus P., ed. Evanston: North Western Universton, Press, 1971. Essays on Music and History in Africa. [Covers ancient art works of Benin that include musical instruments such as the squeeze drum. Contains a map of Kush and its connections to its south: Khartom, Blue Nile, Meroe, Baganda.]

Wade, Michael S. The Bitter Issues: the Right to Work Law in Arizona. Tucson: Arizona Historical Society, 1976. [Contains good basic reference on this labor topic.] Walch, Timothy, Comp. Our Family, Our Town: Essays on Family and Local History Sources On the National Archives. [Good set of essays for people searching for new focus on Afro-American historical documents.]

Walker, Alice. The Temple of My Familiar. [By the author of The Color Purple, an epistolary work that related much of its action through letters.]

Wallace, Andrew. Sources and Readings in Arizona History: A Checklist of Literature Concerning Arizona's Past. Tucson, Arizona: Arizona Pioneers Historical Society, 1965. [Provides bibliographic information about the 20th Cavalry and about Pauline Weaver of Prescott.]

Walton, Clyde C., ed. Private Smith's Journal: Recollections of the Late War. Chicago: Reuben H. Donnelley, 1963. [Report by an assistant to Sheridan who tells of the two Afro-American brigades of African-American Troops in the Union Army at Nashville.]

Ware, Gilbert. From the Black Bard Voices for Equal Justice. New York: G.P. Putnum's sons, 1976. [Contains an article by Derrick Bell "Black Faith in a Racist Land'" and others by Motley and Higginbottom. No index, but good bibliography and some examples are used of the problems, but they are mostly general or concerned the North.]

Warfield, H.B. Tenth Cavalry and Border Fights. 1965. [A good general history by one of the Caucasian commanders of the group.)

Warren, D.C. The Unknown West: The Black Cowboy Tradition in Arizona. Tucson: KUAT Radio, University of Arizona, 1989. [Oral history about Mr. Warren, stuntman , rancher and cowboy in Tucson, Arizona 1989. He appeared in such movies as Cannonball Two, Incredible Rocky Mountain Race and many others.]

Weber, Sandra S. Special History Study: Women's Rights National Historical Park: Seneca Falls. New York, United States Department of the Interior/National Park Service, 1985. [General information, with little that seems to relate to African-American women.]

Weekly Arizona Miner. Prescott, Arizona. July 23, 1880 P. 3, Col 1. [Tells about "Luke" a Colored man in Prescott in the 1860's. Also tells how the Indians order Col. Swain and his Colored troops out of Ft. Defiance in the 8/30/78 issue.]

Weiner, Melissa Ruffner. Prescott: a Pictorial History. Prescott: Primrose Press, 1985. [Tells of Pauline Weaver of White/Cherokee ancestry from Tennessee. b. 1800, d. 1867. Tells of Duffield being there, from California and of Weaver being Prescott's first citizen, of Pres. Hays' appointment of Fremont in 1878.]

Wesley, Charles and Pat. Romero. Negro American in the Civil War: From Slavery to Citizenship. New York: Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, 1970. [About the 38th U.S.C.T.]

West, Earle H. A Bibliography of Doctoral Research on the Negro 1933-1966. Washington: University Microfilms, 1969. [Contains information about the life of Frederick Bancroft and the colonization of American Negroes by him, written by Jacob E. Cooke. Other special topics include higher education, emancipation and the history of education.]

Wienker, Curtis W. Blacks in Arizona: a Historic Review and Research. Prescott: Student Anthropologist, 1972. [Information about folks in the White Mountains of Arizona.]

Wienker, Curtis W. The Influences of Culture and Demography on the Colored People of McNary. [Information about a colony of workers who came with the Lumber industry.]

Williams, Ethel L. and Clifton L. Brown. Afro- American Religious Studies: a Complete Bibliography with Locations in American Libraries. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1972. [Contains information about the Wisdom in Ethiopia by William D. Riley, relating to the Coptic Church and about Afro-American denominations in the South. Also has good appendices:regional and varied. Work by Charles Abrams on Civil Rights in 1956.]

Williams, Loretta J. Black Freemasonry: Middle Class Realities. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1980. [Contains good bibliography.]

Williams, Ora. American Black Women in the Arts and Social Science: a Bibliographic Survey. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, Inc, 1973. [Good bibliography, general information.]

Williams, Walter L., ed. Southeastern Indians: Since the Removal Era. Athens: University of Georgia Press. [Deals with American Indians of Virginia, Mississippi.]

Willis-Thomas, Deborah. An Illustrated Bio-Biblioaraphy of Black Photographers 1940-1988. New York: Garland Publishers, Inc., 1989. [Tells about Arizona Artists of the Black Community and about Yuma artists.]

Wilson, Joseph T. The Black Phalanx. New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1968. [Gives Civil War pre-history of many cavalry units from which men could be recruited for the 9th and 10th cavalry units.]

Woodson, Carter G. A Century of Negro Migration. New York: Russell and Russell. [Contains map of 1910 Negro population percentages by state and a bibliography of many useful source books for African-American history.]

Woodson, Carter G. African Background or Handbook for the Study of the Negro. New York: Negro University Press, 1968.

Woodson, C. G. Free Negro Heads of Families in the United States in 1830. Washington: Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, 1925. [Classic work by the "Father of African-American History."]

Woodson, Carter. The History of the Church. Ann Arbor: Xerox University Microfilms, 1975. [Reprint of earlier edition by Associated Publishers of Washington D.C., 1921.] Work, Monroe. Negro Year Book. Alabama: Tuskegee, 1919. [Reports on Arizona Carrizal incident involving the 10th Cavalry and the 24th Infantry who were fired on by Mexicans. Contains complete list of officers and men of World War I. Good report of Afro-Americans with the French units.]

Wynn, Neil. The Afro-American in the Second World War. London: Paul Elek, 1976. [Tells of Ft. Huachuca in Arizona.]

Yancy, J.W. The Negro in Tucson: Past and Present. Tucson: University of Arizona, 1933. [A master's thesis, 1933, located in Special Collections , E9791 1922 80 .]

Yetman, Norman R. Life Under the "Peculiar Institution" Selections from the Slave Narrative Collection. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1970. [Excellent slave narratives that have not been seen before, that yield much information, along with good photos of unidentified slaves.]

Young, James R. Thrilling Stories of the War by Returned Heroes Containing Vivid Accounts of Personal Experiences by Officers and Men. Omaha: W. A. Hixenbaugh and Co., 1989. [Contains war poetry, some dialect and a report of "A fight to the Death" about the 24th Infantry and the parade through the Court of Honor built in Philadelphia.]

Young, Tommie M. Afro-American Genealogical Source Book. New York: Garland Press, 1987. [Good bibliographic information about Blacks in Nebraska, Hawaii, Kansas territory and Mexico City, located in Central Reference Department, E185.96 Y67 .]

Zachry, Juanita D. "Mining Adventures of Buffalo Bill Cody" from True West April 1990 issue. [Tells of Cody's visit to the Mountainview Hotel in Oracle, Arizona. The hotel is owned by a man of African ancestry. Photo of hotel appears.

Zander, Ida O. Williams. Negro Education in Tucson. Tucson: University of Arizona, 1946. [A thesis for M.A., 1946.]