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Alfred Nobel
www.bibalex.org/bioalex2004conf The BioVisionAlexandria 2004 Conference Newsletter November 2003 Volume 1, Issue 2 BioVisionAlexandria ALFRED NOBEL 2004 aims to celebrate the The inventor, the industrialist outstanding scientists and scholars, in a he Nobel Prize is one of the highest distinctions recognized, granting its winner century dominated by instant fame. However, many do not know the interesting history and background technological and T that led to this award. scientific revolutions, through its It all began with a chemist, known as Alfred Nobel, born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1833. Nobel Day on 3 April Alfred Nobel moved to Russia when he was eight, where his father, Immanuel Nobel, 2004! started a successful mechanical workshop. He provided equipment for the Russian Army and designed naval mines, which effectively prevented the British Royal Navy from moving within firing range of St. Petersburg during the Crimean War. Immanuel Nobel was also a pioneer in the manufacture of arms, and in designing steam engines. INSIDE Scientific awards .........3 Immanuel’s success enabled him to Alfred met Ascanio Sobrero, the Italian Confirmed laureates ....4 Lady laureates ............7 provide his four sons with an excellent chemist who had invented Nitroglycerine education in natural sciences, languages three years earlier. Nitroglycerine, a and literature. Alfred, at an early age, highly explosive liquid, was produced by acquired extensive literary knowledge, mixing glycerine with sulfuric and nitric mastering many foreign languages. His acid. It was an invention that triggered a Nobel Day is interest in science, especially chemistry, fascination in the young scientist for many dedicated to many of was also apparent. -
Know About These Women Scientists?
Know About These Women Scientists? SHOILI PAL 1. How many women have 7. Jane Goodall is the got the Nobel Prize till world’s leading Knowledge date? expert on which a) 24 animal? b) 3 4 a) Crabs c) 44 b) Chimpanzees d) 54 c) Storks d) Ants 2. In what branch of science did Nobel Laureate Barbara McClintock work? a) Astrophysics b) Genetics 8. Who is considered to be Test Your Test c) Inorganic Chemistry d) Neurology the world’s first computer programmer? 3. Caroline a) George Stibitz Herschel b) Grace Hopper was the c) Charles Babbage first woman d) Augusta Ada King to find which heavenly object? 9. Who developed the first a) A planet compiler for a computer b) A satellite programming language, c) A galaxy instrumental for d) A comet developing COBOL? a) Grace Hopper b) Charles Babbage c) Augusta Ada King d) George Stibitz 4. Who was the first woman in space? a) Kathryn D. Sullivan 10. Ada Yonath is known for her b) Svetlana Savitskaya work on which of the c) Sally Ride following? d) Valentina Tereshkova a) Ribosomes b) Telescopes c) Semiconductors 5. Who was the first civilian d) Animal Conservation in space? a) Judith Resnik b) Valentina Tereshkova c) Yuri Gagarin 11.Which of the d) Neil Armstrong following children’s authors was also an expert on fungi? 6. Who was the first woman a) Beatrix Potter to be granted a patent by b) J.K. Rowling the USPTA? c) Holly Black a) Ellen Ochoa d) Enid Blyton b) Grace Hopper c) Mary Kies d) Sarah Boone SCIENCE REPORTER, JANUARY 2012 24 Point Counterpoint 17. -
Crucible of Science: the Story of the Cori Laboratory
Crucible of Science This page intentionally left blank Crucible of Science THE STORY OF THE CORI LABORATORY JOHN H. EXTON 3 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Th ailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitt ed, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitt ed by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. CIP data is on fi le at the Library of Congress ISBN 978–0–19–986107–1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Dedicated to Charles Rawlinson (Rollo) Park This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix I n t r o d u c t i o n xi 1. -
Selma Lagerlof Mårbacka , 1858 - 1940 )
1903 Marie Curie (Polonia, 1867- Francia 1934), FISICA/FISIKA 1905 Bertha von Suttner (Praga, j Viena, j1914 ), PAZ/PAKEA 1909 Selma Lagerlof Mårbacka , 1858 - 1940 ), LITERATURA Marie Curie (Polonia, 1867- Francia , 1934), KIMIKA/QUIMICA 1911 1926 Grazia Deledda (Cerdeña, 1871 - Roma, 1936) LITERATURA Sigrid Undset (Dinamarca , 1882 -Lillehammer , 1949 ) LITERATURA 1928 Jane Addams (Illinois, 1860—Chicago, 1935) PAKEA/PAZ 1935 Irène Joliot-Curie (Francia, 1897/ 1956), KIMIKA/QUÍMICA Pearl S. Buck (West Virginia , 1892 Vermont , 1973 ) LITERATURA 1945 Gabriela Mistral (Chile, 1889 - Estados Unidos, 1957) LITERATURA 1946 Emily Greene Balch (Estados Unidos 1867 - 1961 ) PAZ/PAKEA 1947 Gerty Cori (Estados Unidos 1896 – 21957 ) MEDIKUNTZA/MEDICINA 1963 María Goeppert-Mayer Katowice, 1906 - California, 1972), FISICA /FISIKA Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 1964 (Inglaterra, 1910 - 1994) QUIMICA/KIMIKA 1966. Nelly Sachs Alemania , 1891 - Suecia ,1970 ) LITERATURA 1976 Betty Williams ( Belfast , Irlanda del Norte 1943 ) PAKEA/PAZ 1976 Mairead Maguire (Belfast , Irlanda del Norte , 1944 ) PAZ/PAKEA Rosalyn Yalow (EE. UU 1921 - 2011) MEDIKUNTZA/MEDICINA 1977 Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu 1979 (Teresa de Calcuta) (Macedonia, 1910- India, 1997) PAZ/PAKEA 1982 Alva Myrdal Relmer (1902 – 1986 ) PAZ/PAKEA Barbara McClintock 1983 (Estados Unidos, 1902- 1992) MEDIKUNTZA/MEDICINA 1986 Rita Levi-Montalcini (Italia, 1909- 1986). MEDIKUNTZA/MEDICINA Gertrude B. Elion 1988 (Estados Unidos, 1918 - 1999), MEDIKUNTZA/MEDICINA Aung San Suu Kyi 1991 (Burma, 1945) PAZ/PAKEA 1991 -
Earl W. Sutherland Lecture Earl W
EARL W. SUTHERLAND LECTURE EARL W. SUTHERLAND LECTURE The Earl W. Sutherland Lecture Series was established by the SPONSORED BY: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics in 1997 DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS to honor Dr. Sutherland, a former member of this department and winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. This series highlights important advances in cell signaling. MICHAEL S. BROWN, M.D NOBEL LAUREATE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE 1985 SPEAKERS IN THIS SERIES HAVE INCLUDED: SCAP: ANATOMY OF A MEMBRANE STEROL SENSOR Edmond H. Fischer (1997) Alfred G. Gilman (1999) Ferid Murad (2001) Louis J. Ignarro (2003) APRIL 25, 2013 Paul Greengard (2007) 4:00 P.M. 208 LIGHT HALL Eric Kandel (2009) Roger Tsien (2011) FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT: Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics 738 Ann and Roscoe Robinson Medical Research Building Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN 37232-0615 Tel 615.322.7001 [email protected] EARL W. SUTHERLAND, 1915-1974 MICHAEL S. BROWN, M.D. REGENTAL PROFESSOR Earl W. Sutherland grew up in Burlingame, Kansas, a small farming community that nourished his love for the outdoors and fishing, which he retained throughout DIRECTOR OF THE JONSSON CENTER FOR MOLECULAR GENETICS UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS his life. He graduated from Washburn College in 1937 and then received his M.D. SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER AT DALLAS from Washington University School of Medicine in 1942. After serving as a medi- NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE, 1985 cal officer during World War II, he returned to Washington University to train with MEMBER, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Carl and Gerty Cori. -
Women in Chemistry
Women in Chemistry Her Lab in Your Life: Women in Chemistry is a new this message, the exhibit team concentrated on three exhibition that takes a fresh look at everyday life, related themes: women chemists have improved our revealing how chemical science and engineering help understanding of the physical world, they have shape it. Designed by the Chemical Heritage helped shape the material circumstances and popular Foundation (CHF)—a U.S.-based foundation—this culture of our everyday lives, and they have broken exhibition showcases women chemists who have new ground in the chemical professions and served as helped create our modern world and their historic role models for young women. contributions to science and technology. From the action of atoms to the substance of stars, these Choosing the Women and Their women have given us new visions of the material Story world and our place in it. The exhibition—traveling or online—was created especially for high school and Faced with the difficult task of choosing which impor- college students but designed to engage general tant and interesting women chemists to include, the audiences. exhibit team eventually selected 68 and created research files for each one. Such a large number is clear proof that the achievements of women chemists Her Lab in Your Life* are not isolated blips on a professional map. Many by Josh McIlvain who did not make it into the panel of the traveling exhibit have been included on the exhibit’s compan- HF’s newest traveling exhibit, Her Lab in Your ion Web site. Life: Women in Chemistry, focuses on the rich Some of the women highlighted in Her Lab in Your Chistory of women chemists by highlighting Life are still alive and active chemists. -
The Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine
The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine Some history The inscription reads “Inventas vitam juvat excoluisse per artes” (inventions enhance life which is beautified through art.), or, loosely translated, "they who bettered life on earth by their newly found mastery." History of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine • At his death Alfred Nobel bequeathed some kr32 million (Kronor) to the prize fund (the 2014 equivalent of kr1,702,000,000 [$194,449,755]. As of 2011, the foundation reported assets of Kr2,968,547,000 ($339,149,964) • The original prize in 1901 was valued at kr150,782, equivalent to kr8,178,781 in 2014 ($933,082). The prize in 2014 was valued at Value of prize relaive to 1901 kr8,000,000 ($ 912,686). 160 140 120 The amount of the prize has varied considerably: 100 80 it has been as low as kr2,269,498 (1919) and as Percent 60 40 high as kr11,737,705 (2001) 20 0 1901 1908 1915 1922 1929 1936 1943 1950 1957 1964 1971 1978 1985 1992 1999 2006 2013 Years History of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine • As described in Nobel's will, one prize was to be dedicated to "the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine". • 105 Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine have been awarded since 1901 to a total of 207 recipients. • None were awarded during the war years of 1915-1918 and 1940-1942. • None were awarded in 1921 and 1925. The statutes of the Nobel Foundation say that: "If none of the works under consideration is found to be of the importance indicated in the first paragraph, the prize money shall be reserved until the following year. -
Famous Female Scientists
Appendix B: Scientific Contributions of Thirteen Outstanding Female Scientists Scientific Contributions of Thirteen Outstanding Female Scientists Gerty Cori, with her husband, received international recognition for discovering how glucose converts to glycogen (Cori cycle). This husband and wife team won the 1947 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for “discovering the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen” (mechanism for blood glucose regulation). Cori’s later studies on enzymes and hormones advanced research in diabetes treatment, contributing new understandings that missing enzymes resulted from defective genes. This laid the foundation for future studies of genetic defects in humans. Her research profoundly affected diabetes treatment, allowing physicians to understand how the body stores glucose by converting it predominantly into glycogen, which the body then uses for energy. Despite her significant research, she fought discrimination and nepotism within the Gerty Radnitz Cori scientific community. In 1947, the same year she became the first American woman and the (1896–1954) third worldwide to receive a Nobel Prize in the sciences, she achieved full professor status in biochemistry at Washington University, St. Louis. In 1950, President Harry Truman appointed her to the Board of Directors of the National Science Foundation. Considered the most famous of all women scientists, this Polish researcher “extraordinarie” was the first person (male or female) to win two Nobel Prizes. At age 16, she had already won a gold medal at the Russian lycée in Poland upon completion of her secondary education. In 1891, almost penniless, she began her education at the Sorbonne in Paris and later became the first woman professor to teach there. -
Liste Der Nobelpreisträger
Physiologie Wirtschafts- Jahr Physik Chemie oder Literatur Frieden wissenschaften Medizin Wilhelm Henry Dunant Jacobus H. Emil von Sully 1901 Conrad — van ’t Hoff Behring Prudhomme Röntgen Frédéric Passy Hendrik Antoon Theodor Élie Ducommun 1902 Emil Fischer Ronald Ross — Lorentz Mommsen Pieter Zeeman Albert Gobat Henri Becquerel Svante Niels Ryberg Bjørnstjerne 1903 William Randal Cremer — Pierre Curie Arrhenius Finsen Bjørnson Marie Curie Frédéric John William William Mistral 1904 Iwan Pawlow Institut de Droit international — Strutt Ramsay José Echegaray Adolf von Henryk 1905 Philipp Lenard Robert Koch Bertha von Suttner — Baeyer Sienkiewicz Camillo Golgi Joseph John Giosuè 1906 Henri Moissan Theodore Roosevelt — Thomson Santiago Carducci Ramón y Cajal Albert A. Alphonse Rudyard \Ernesto Teodoro Moneta 1907 Eduard Buchner — Michelson Laveran Kipling Louis Renault Ilja Gabriel Ernest Rudolf Klas Pontus Arnoldson 1908 Metschnikow — Lippmann Rutherford Eucken Paul Ehrlich Fredrik Bajer Theodor Auguste Beernaert Guglielmo Wilhelm Kocher Selma 1909 — Marconi Ostwald Ferdinand Lagerlöf Paul Henri d’Estournelles de Braun Constant Johannes Albrecht Ständiges Internationales 1910 Diderik van Otto Wallach Paul Heyse — Kossel Friedensbüro der Waals Allvar Maurice Tobias Asser 1911 Wilhelm Wien Marie Curie — Gullstrand Maeterlinck Alfred Fried Victor Grignard Gerhart 1912 Gustaf Dalén Alexis Carrel Elihu Root — Paul Sabatier Hauptmann Heike Charles Rabindranath 1913 Kamerlingh Alfred Werner Henri La Fontaine — Robert Richet Tagore Onnes Theodore -
Mothers of Invention: Women in Technology
Mothers of Invention: Women in Technology n old adage counsels, “Maternity Rideout (AZT), M. Katherine Holloway and is a matter of fact… paternity is Chen Zhao (protease inhibitors), and Diane a matter of opinion.” And indeed, Pennica (tissue plasminogen activator).2 Awhen it comes to people, the evidence of By 1998, women accounted for 10.3 who physically bears the child is visible and percent of all U.S.–origin patents granted undeniable. With the gestation of ideas, annually. Innovation professionals believe this however, lineage is less clear. percentage will continue to increase. A recent The evidence for women’s role in survey of one thousand U.S. researchers technology has been obscured historically. yielded the names of twenty U.S. scientists Only two percent of the fi ve hundred Nobel under the age of forty who have demonstrated Prize Laureates recognized for scientifi c once-in-a-generation insight. Nine of them— achievement are women. As recently as the almost half—are women.3 Jennifer A. Kurtz early 1980s, U.S. Patent and Trademark Offi ce records show that only 2.8 percent of patents Research Fellow, Indiana went to women each year. This participation Business Research Center, rate did not differ much from the 1 percent or Women must Kelley School of Business, so of patents that went to women in the period increasingly pursue Indiana University from 1790 to 1895.1 Young women have had relatively few role science and models to encourage their pursuit of scientifi c and technological adventures. That pattern has technology to ensure begun to change as women are increasingly that the future needs present in all dimensions of the innovation life cycle: knowledge creation, technology transfer, for a skilled U.S. -
VIRTUAL SYMPOSIUM and LECTURESHIP of the W
SUNDAY, JULY 18, 2021 18, JULY SUNDAY, 3:00–5:00 PM ET 2021 VIRTUAL SYMPOSIUM AND LECTURESHIP of the W. Montague Cobb/NMA Health Institute A CME PROGRAM TABLE OF CONTENTS Cobb Events at a Glance . 3 Scientific Planning Committee . 4 Disclosures of Commercial Relationships . 4 Accreditation Statement . 5 Letter from the Chief Executive Officer . 5 Statement of Credit and Purpose . 6 Learning Objectives . 7 Statement of Needs Assessment . 8 Agenda . 9 Award Recipients . 10 Speaker Biographies . 11 ABOUT THE COBB INSTITUTE The W. Montague Cobb/National Medical Association close partnership with Morehouse School of Medicine and (NMA) Health Institute (The Cobb Institute)—a 501(c)(3) the Association for Academic Minority Physicians (AAMP), in Washington, DC—engages in innovative research and the Institute also provides opportunities for early career knowledge dissemination for the reduction and elimination doctorates to receive intensive mentoring and networking of racial and ethnic health disparities. Founded in 2004, the in the areas of research, policy and practice. With funding Institute is named in honor of the late William Montague from governmental agencies such as the National Institutes Cobb M.D., Ph.D., LL.B., physician, anthropologist, of Health (NIH) as well as significant in-kind contributions, distinguished professor of medicine and anatomy at the the Institute continues to cultivateLogo a trusted and proven Howard University School of Medicine, and noted architect network of diverse stakeholders committed to solving of the National -
Preliminary Pages for Dissertation
POLITICS AND POVERTY: WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN ARKANSAS, 1942-1980 Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this dissertation is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This dissertation does not include proprietary or classified information. _________________________ Melanie Kay Welch Certificate of Approval: ______________________ ________________________ David C. Carter Ruth C. Crocker, Chair Professor Professor History History ______________________ ________________________ Tiffany A. Thomas George T. Flowers Assistant Professor Dean History Graduate School POLITICS AND POVERTY: WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN ARKANSAS, 1942-1980 Melanie K. Welch A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 9, 2009 POLITICS AND POVERTY: WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN ARKANSAS 1942-1980 Melanie K. Welch Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this dissertation at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. _________________________ Signature of Author _________________________ Date of Graduation iii VITA Melanie Kay Welch, a daughter of John B. and Sandra Kay (Inness) Welch, was born November 6, 1976, in Little Rock, Arkansas. She graduated from Mayflower High School in 1995. She entered the University of Central Arkansas in Conway, Arkansas in 1994 and graduated magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history in 1999. She entered the Masters program in history at Auburn University in August 2000. She changed to the direct-track Ph. D. program in history at Auburn in 2001, majoring in Modern American history, with minor fields in Early American history and archival studies.