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Assessment of the Situation of Asylum Seeking, Refugee, and Displaced

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Assessment of the Situation of Asylum Seeking, Refugee, and Displaced The opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of UNICEF and UNHCR. Table of contents List of boxes .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. 8 Executive summary .............................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1. Assessment Methodology.............................................................................................. 15 Section 1. Background ................................................................................................................... 15 Section 2. Purpose, Objectives and Scope of the Assessment .............................................. 15 Section 3. Assessment Methodology .......................................................................................... 16 3.1 Data Limitations .................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Ethical standards and considerations .............................................................................. 19 3.2 Human rights and gender considerations ........................................................................ 19 Chapter 2. Analysis and Findings .................................................................................................... 20 Section 1. Country Context ........................................................................................................... 20 1.1 Economic Situation .............................................................................................................. 20 1.2 Displaced Population in Armenia ....................................................................................... 21 Section 2. Economic Situation of Displaced Families ............................................................... 25 2.1 Economic Situation .............................................................................................................. 25 2.2 Lack of Stability and Prospects for the Future ................................................................. 27 2.3 Housing and Adequate Standards of Living .................................................................... 28 Section 3. Family and Parents ...................................................................................................... 30 3.1 Personal Identity, Legal Status and Family Reunification ............................................. 31 3.2 Parental Skills ....................................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Integration ............................................................................................................................. 33 3.4 Family Relations ................................................................................................................... 34 Section 4. Access to Education .................................................................................................... 36 4.1 Access to Pre-School Education ....................................................................................... 36 4.2 Access to Primary and Secondary Education ................................................................. 37 4.3 Sending Children to School, Drop Outs and Out of School Children ........................... 38 Section 5. Trauma and Mental Health Problems ....................................................................... 40 5.1. Causes of Trauma and Psychological Distress in the Country of Origin and in Armenia ....................................................................................................................................................... 40 3 5.2 Possible Re-traumatisation of Children during Refugee Status Determination Procedure..................................................................................................................................... 42 Section 6. Violence Against Asylum Seeking, Refugee, and Displaced children ................. 44 6.1 Sexual and Gender-based Violence ................................................................................. 45 6.2 Racially Motivated Violence and Bullying ......................................................................... 47 Section 7. Separated and Unaccompanied Children and Children in RCAS ........................ 48 7.1 Unaccompanied Children.................................................................................................... 49 7.2 Separated Children .............................................................................................................. 51 7.3 Guardianship, Custodianship and Alternative care......................................................... 52 7.4 Reception and Accommodation in RCAS......................................................................... 54 Section 8. Other Issues ................................................................................................................. 57 8.1 Sexual Orientation and Gender identity ............................................................................ 57 8.2. Stakeholders' Role and Involvement ............................................................................... 59 Chapter 3. Conclusions Including Challenges ............................................................................... 62 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 62 Challenges ....................................................................................................................................... 62 Chapter 4. Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 64 1. Law and Policy ............................................................................................................................ 64 2. Collaboration and Capacity Building .................................................................................... 65 3. Awareness raising ...................................................................................................................... 67 4. Integration .................................................................................................................................... 68 5. Research, Study, and Evaluations .......................................................................................... 69 Chapter 5. Annexes ............................................................................................................................ 70 Annex 1. Term of Reference ......................................................................................................... 70 Annex 2. Research questions for the assessment .................................................................... 74 Annex 3. Data Collection Instruments ......................................................................................... 76 In-depth questionnaire for children 13-18 years .................................................................... 76 Drawing exercise for children 6-12 years ................................................................................ 78 Questions for focus groups with adults ................................................................................... 80 Questions for initial survey for stakeholders ........................................................................... 82 Questions for stakeholders - interviews .................................................................................. 84 Annex 4. Field Mission Schedule of the International Expert .................................................. 87 Annex 5. List of Key Informants and Respondents Interviewed .............................................. 89 Annex 6. List of reviewed documents .......................................................................................... 90 4 Annex 7. Working Meeting on Initial Findings ............................................................................ 92 Annex 8. Drawings ......................................................................................................................... 95 Drawing 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 95 Drawing 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 96 Drawing 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 97 Drawing 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 98 Drawing 5 ..................................................................................................................................... 99 Annex 9. SOP on Unaccompanied and Separated asylum seeking children: the Main Elements/steps
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