The World's Most Beautiful And... Best Performing Custom Designed Tires
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What You Need to Know About Mounting Radial Tires on Classic Vehicle Rims
What You Need to Know About Mounting Radial Tires on Classic Vehicle Rims Over the past 100 years, tires, and the wheels that support them, have gone through significant changes as a result of technical innovations in design, technology and materials. No single factor affects the handling and safety of a car’s ride more than the tire and the wheel it is mounted on and how the two work together as a unit. One nagging question that has been the subject of a lot of anecdotal evidence, speculation, and even more widespread rumor is whether rims designed for Bias ply tires can handle the stresses placed on them by Radial ply tires. And the answer is - it depends. It depends on how the rim was originally designed and built as well as whether the rim has few enough cycles on it, and how it has been driven. But most importantly it depends upon the construction of the tire and how it transmits the vehicle's load to where the rubber meets the road. In this paper, we want to educate you on the facts - not the wives tales or just plain bad information - about how Bias and Radial tires differ in working with the rim to provide a safe ride. Why is there a possible rim concern between Radial and Bias Tires? The fitting of radial tires, to wheels and rims originally designed for bias tires, is an application that may result in rim durability issues. Even same-sized bias and radial tires stress a rim differently, despite their nearly identical dimensions. -
MICHELIN® X® TWEEL® TURF™ the Airless Radial Tire™ & Wheel Assembly
MICHELIN® X® TWEEL® TURF™ The Airless Radial Tire™ & wheel assembly. Designed for use on zero turn radius mowers. ✓ NO MAINTENANCE ✓ NO COMPROMISE ✓ NO DOWNTIME MICHELIN® X® TWEEL® TURF™ No Maintenance – MICHELIN® X® TWEEL® TURF™ is one single unit, replacing the current tire/wheel/valve assembly. Once they are bolted on, there is no air pressure to maintain, and the common problem of unseated beads is completely eliminated. No Compromise – MICHELIN X TWEEL TURF has a consistent hub height which ensures the mower deck produces an even cut, while the full-width poly-resin spokes provide excellent lateral stability for outstanding side hill performance. The unique design of the spokes helps dampen the ride for enhanced operator comfort, even when navigating over curbs and other bumps. High performance compounds and an effi cient contact patch offer a long wear life that is two to three times that of a pneumatic tire at equal tread depth. No Downtime – MICHELIN X TWEEL TURF performs like a pneumatic tire, but without the risk and costly downtime associated with fl at tires and unseated beads. Zero degree belts and proprietary design provide great lateral stiffness, while resisting damage Multi-directional and absorbing impacts. tread pattern is optimized to provide excellent side hill stability and prevent turf High strength, damage. poly-resin spokes carry the load and absorb impacts, while damping the ride and providing a unique energy transfer that Michelin’s reduces “bounce.” proprietary Comp10 Cable™ forms a semi-rigid “shear beam”, Heavy gauge and allows the steel with 4 bolt load to hang hub pattern fi ts from the top. -
Passengers in the Rear M Gold X Brown Seat
1974 BODY STYLES OVERALL STYLE CODE NAME WHEELBASE LENGTH CALAIS 6CC47 G Calais Coupe 130.0" 230.7" 6CC49 N Calais Sedan 130.0" 230.7" DE VILLE 6CD47 J Coupe de Ville 130.0" 230.7" 6CD49 B Sedan de Ville 130.0" 230.7" FLEETWOOD ELDORADO 6EL47 H Fleetwood Eldorado Coupe 126.3" 224.1" 6EL67 E Fleetwood Eldorado Convertible 126.3" 224.1" FLEETWOOD 6CB69 P Fleetwood Sixty Special Brougham 133.0" 233.7" 6DF23 R Fleetwood Seventy-Five Sedan 151.5" 252.2" 6DF33 S Fleetwood Seventy-Five Limousine 151.5" 252.2" 6ZZ90 Z Commercial Chassis 157.5" 255.4" I COLORS 1974 CODES AND IDENTIFICATION Calais & Eldorado Eldorado Manufacturer's Code Name Brougham De Ville Coupe Convertible Identification 870-3967 11 Cotillion White 9.7% 17.2% 31.5% 8.9% L67 WD 007 926-99642 870-4322 13 Georgian Silver 2.6 2.8 1.7 3.2 L68 AD 037 927-AF695 870-4515 18 Deauville Gray 1.5 1.4 1.0 3.3 L68 AD 044 927-AF914 870-848 19 Sable Black 3.1 5.8 6.0 10.7 L67 KD 005 926-96459 870-4313 24 Antigua Blue 8.7 4.6 3.7 5.8 L68 BD 093 927-AF681 870-4447 29 Diplomat Blue 5.0 3.9 3.7 11.7 L68 BD 097 927-AF790 870-4516 44 Jasper Green 5.7 1.5 .5 2.6 L67 GD 037 926-AF915 870-4517 49 Pinehurst Green 2.7 1.4 1.1 3.8 L68 GD 084 927-AF916 870-4236 54 Promenade Gold 7.8 2.9 1.5 4.3 L68 LD 025 927-AF400 870-4568 57 Apollo Yellow 12.4 7.6 6.6 5.6 L67 YD 062 926-AF969 59 Canyon Amber 870-4223 L68 ND 054 927-AF348 870-4534 63 Conestoga Tan 4.3 2.1 .9 2.6 L67 ND 038 926-AF929 870-4518 69 Chesterfield Brown 11.0 9.5 5.8 9.8 L68 AD 043 927-AF917 71 Andes Copper 870-4519 L68 RD 069 927-AF918 870-4460 72 Dynasty Red 5.8 9.6 17.0 1.3 L67 RD 048 926-AF801 FIREMIST COLORS AT EXTRA CHARGE 92 Regal Blue 3.3 7.5 5.8 6.2 L68 BD 102 927-AF919 94 Victorian Amber L68 LD 036 927-AF920 95 Pharaoh Gold .8 1.4 .6 1.7 L68 YD 012 927-AF970 96 Persian Lime 2.7 4.6 3.2 3.3 L68 GD 086 927-AF921 98 Terra Cotta L68 RD 070 927-AF922 99 Cranberry L68 RD 071 927-AF923 The above 1974 codes and identification chart shows color influenced by climatic conditions. -
TPMS Brochure
SEE THE LIGHT? WE CAN HELP. Standard® OE-Matching TPMS Sensors, Mounting Hardware, Service Kits, Shop Tools, and QWIK-SENSOR™ Universal Programmable Sensors ABOUT TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEMS The industry’s best blended TPMS program with 99% coverage. 2 Universal Sensors cover PAL, WAL, and Auto-Locate technologies. Our OE-Match sensors An Important Safety Warning Light Goes Unnoticed are direct-fit and ready-to-install right out of the During the past 10 years, more than 147 million vehicles were sold with Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). That means there box. And both programs are the only 3rd-party are more than 590 million sensors with a 100% failure rate that will need to be replaced in the future. TPMS is a safety device that tested TPMS in the industry. measures, identifies and warns motorists when one or more of their tires are significantly under-inflated. If the system finds a tire with low air pressure, a sensor with a dead battery, or a system malfunction, it will illuminate the TPMS warning light on the dash. While this is common knowledge to technicians, it isn’t as well-known among motorists, as evidenced by the results from a recent survey on TPMS: TPMS PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS 96% 25% • Basic manufacturer in TPMS category Drivers who consider Vehicles that have at under-inflated tires an least one tire significantly - All makes & models – domestic and import covered important safety concern underinflated • Our OE-Matching and QWIK-SENSOR™ Universal Programs cover 99% of the vehicles you will service in your shop today -
MICHELIN® X® TWEEL Warranty Overview
MICHELIN® TWEEL® Airless radial tire Warranty Guide Contents MICHELIN® Tweel® Tire Warranty Overview ............................................................................. 3–4 Common Warranty Specifi cations ...............................................................................................5 Parts of a Tweel® Airless Radial Tire .............................................................................................5 Examination Tools .......................................................................................................................6 MICHELIN® X® TWEEL® SSL AIRLESS RADIAL TIRES Technical Specifi cations: MICHELIN® X® Tweel® SSL Tires .............................................................6 MICHELIN® X® Tweel® SSL Tire Torque Specs and Retreading .......................................................7 Tweel® SSL Tire Warranty vs. Wear Guide ..............................................................................8–12 MICHELIN® X® TWEEL® TURF AIRLESS RADIAL TIRES Technical Specifi cations: MICHELIN® X® Tweel® Turf Tires ...........................................................13 Tweel® Turf Tire Proper Installation Instructions ..........................................................................13 Tweel® Turf Tire Warranty vs. Wear Guide ........................................................................... 14–17 MICHELIN® X® TWEEL® CASTERS Technical Specifi cations: MICHELIN® X® Tweel® Casters..............................................................17 Tweel® Caster Warranty -
Estimation of Tire-Road Friction for Road Vehicles: a Time Delay Neural Network Approach
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Estimation of Tire-Road Friction for Road Vehicles: a Time Delay Neural Network Approach Alexandre M. Ribeiro · Alexandra Moutinho · Andr´eR. Fioravanti · Ely C. de Paiva Received: date / Accepted: date Abstract The performance of vehicle active safety sys- different road surfaces and driving maneuvers to verify tems is dependent on the friction force arising from the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method. the contact of tires and the road surface. Therefore, an The results are compared with a classical approach, a adequate knowledge of the tire-road friction coefficient model-based method modeled as a nonlinear regression. is of great importance to achieve a good performance Keywords Road friction estimation Artificial neural of different vehicle control systems. This paper deals · networks Recursive least squares Vehicle safety with the tire-road friction coefficient estimation prob- · · · Road vehicles lem through the knowledge of lateral tire force. A time delay neural network (TDNN) is adopted for the pro- posed estimation design. The TDNN aims at detecting 1 Introduction road friction coefficient under lateral force excitations avoiding the use of standard mathematical tire models, One of the primary challenges of vehicle control is that which may provide a more efficient method with robust the source of force generation is strongly limited by the results. Moreover, the approach is able to estimate the available friction between the tire tread elements and road friction at each wheel independently, instead of the road. In order to better understand vehicle handling using lumped axle models simplifications. -
Correct Tires for 1953-82 Corvettes
FULL OF HOT AIR Correct tires for 1953-82 Corvettes he subject of correct tires for your vintage Corvette can sometimes be an overwhelming subject. Finding an original NOS (New Old Stock) tire or, T heaven forbid, a full set of four plus a spare for some early Corvettes can be next to impossible, even with the internet and the vast number of parts ads in many ma- jor magazines. There are still some original tires out there, with these tires usually be- ing found in old tire warehouses or stumbled upon when a large car parts collection is liq- uidated. In either case, the sometimes-long search can be quite frustrating. The fact of the matter is that the types and sizes of tires that were used on Corvettes from 1953 through 1982 are quite varied in BF Goodrich Wide Whitewall construction and size. In addition, the us- the originals. It should be mentioned here age was somewhat varied from year to year that the DOT (Department of Transportation) dependent on the options that could be or- markings that are required to be on all repro- dered on the car. It should be stated here duction tires were not in use when the origi- that most Corvettes driven today do not car- nal tires were manufactured for most early ry the original tires they were delivered with to Corvettes. This is one quick way to discern if the dealership. Tire technology has changed the tire you are about to buy from an individ- dramatically over the last 40+ years and ual or dealer is an original or a new reproduc- most Corvette owners who drive their car on tion. -
Chapter Trans 305
Published under s. 35.93, Wis. Stats., by the Legislative Reference Bureau. 401 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Trans 305.02 Chapter Trans 305 STANDARDS FOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT Subchapter I — General Provisions Trans 305.29 Steering and suspension. Trans 305.01 Purpose and scope. Trans 305.30 Tires and rims. Trans 305.02 Applicability. Trans 305.31 Modifications affecting height of a vehicle. Trans 305.03 Enforcement. Trans 305.32 Vent, side and rear windows. Trans 305.04 Penalty. Trans 305.33 Windshield defroster−defogger. Trans 305.05 Definitions. Trans 305.34 Windshields. Trans 305.06 Identification of vehicles. Trans 305.35 Windshield wipers. Trans 305.065 Homemade, replica, street modified, reconstructed and off−road vehicles. Subchapter III — Motorcycles Trans 305.37 Applicability of subch. II. Subchapter II — Automobiles, Motor Homes and Light Trucks Trans 305.38 Brakes. Trans 305.07 Definitions. Trans 305.39 Exhaust system. Trans 305.075 Auxiliary lamps. Trans 305.40 Fenders and bumpers. Trans 305.08 Back−up lamp. Trans 305.41 Fuel system. Trans 305.09 Direction signal lamps. Trans 305.42 Horn. Trans 305.10 Hazard warning lamps. Trans 305.43 Lighting. Trans 305.11 Headlamps. Trans 305.44 Mirrors. Trans 305.12 Parking lamps. Trans 305.45 Sidecars. Trans 305.13 Registration plate lamp. Trans 305.46 Suspension system. Trans 305.14 Side marker lamps, clearance lamps and reflectors. Trans 305.47 Tires, wheels and rims. Trans 305.15 Stop lamps. Trans 305.16 Tail lamps. Subchapter IV — Heavy Trucks, Trailers and Semitrailers Trans 305.17 Brakes. Trans 305.48 Definitions. Trans 305.18 Bumpers. -
Hydroplaning Analysis for Tire Rolling Over Water Film with Various Thicknesses Using the LS-DYNA Fluid-Structure Interactive Scheme
Copyright © 2009 Tech Science Press CMC, vol.11, no.1, pp.33-58, 2009 Hydroplaning Analysis for Tire Rolling over Water Film with Various Thicknesses Using the LS-DYNA Fluid-Structure Interactive Scheme Syh-Tsang Jenq1;2 and Yuen-Sheng Chiu2 Abstract: Current work studies the transient hydroplaning behavior of 200 kPa inflated pneumatic radial tires with various types of tread patterns. Tires were nu- merically loaded with a quarter car weight of 4 kN, and then accelerated from rest rolling over a water film with a thickness of 5, 10 and 15 mm on top of a flat pavement. Tire structure is composed of outer rubber tread and inner fiber rein- forcing composite layers. The Mooney-Rivlin constitutive law and the classical laminated theory (CLT) were, respectively, used to describe the mechanical be- havior of rubber material and composite reinforcing layers. The tire hydroplaning phenomenon was analyzed by the commercial finite element code - LS-DYNA. The Arbitrary Lagrangian & Eulerian (ALE) formulation was adopted to depict the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) behavior. Three different tire tread patterns, i.e. the smooth (blank) tread pattern and the 9 and 18 mm wide longitudinally-grooved tread patterns, were constructed to perform the current transient hydroplaning anal- ysis. Simulated dynamic normal contact force and hydroplaning velocity of tire with a prescribed smooth tread pattern were obtained. The computed results were in good agreement with the numerical and test results given by Okano, et al. (2001) for tire running over 10 mm thick water fluid film. In addition, dynamic contact force of a smooth tread pattern tire rolling on a dry flat pavement was also found to be close to the result reported by Nakajima, et al. -
School Bus Tires Item and Method of Inspection Point
SCHOOL BUS TIRES ITEM AND METHOD OF INSPECTION POINT VALUE AND REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTION (#) DESIGNATES POINTS TO BE DEDUCTED STANDARDS OF SAFETY AND REPAIR I. Tires: Visual Inspection of A. Front Tires (25)A.1. Recapped tires shall not 1. Recapped be used on front axle. 2. Tread Depth (Use a tread (25) 2. Front tire tread depth depth gauge) shall not be less than 4/32 inch in any two adja- a. See illustration tire cent major tread grooves wear measurement inform- at three equally spaced ation. Appendix A. intervals around the circumference of the tire. 3. Regrooved (25) 3. Any tire re-grooved or Re-cut below original groove depth when extra under-tread rubber was not provided for this purpose, or the tire is not marked "regroovable." 4. Condition = Visual (25) 4. a. Tire has unrepaired fabric defects of items a thru d break or was repaired by shall be cause for further use of a boot or blowout inspection of tire. patch. b. Tire has a bump, bulge, knot or separation. c. Tire has exposed or damaged body cords. 5. Size and Construction (25) 5. a. All tires on an axle a. Tires of a different must be of the same size size may be used, but and construction type not on the same axle. (bias ply or radial construction) tires must conform to the chassis manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating. b. Tires of a different b. All tires on a bus must be size may not be used on of the same size and load bus after 12/31/94. -
Service That W Orks®
Stay connected to us! Ed. 19 Vol. 2 Vol. 19 Ed. PRODUCT HIGHLIGHT WHEEL AND TIRE SHOW N’ GO™ WHEEL CLEANER LOW HAZARD WHEEL CLEANER GEL • Simple RTU spray and rinse formula • Scrubbing usually not required, 30 to 60 seconds dwell time is all it takes Part No. Package • Thickened formula will cling to vertical surfaces allowing heavy soil breakdown 891.38111 1 Quart • Safer for surfaces and personnel than traditional hydrofluoric acid wheel wash 891.38111.1 12 x 1 Quarts • Heavy-duty formula will handle the toughest road grime and brake dust soils 891.38112 1 Gallon • Color: Green 891.38112.1 4 x 1 Gallons • Fragrance: Fresh ISI POLY ALUMINATE ALUMINIUM BRIGHTENER • Super concentrated liquid aluminum and stainless steel cleaner INDIANA Part No. Package • Kemlite wall cleaner 791.177786.1.4 4 x 1 Gallons • For satin finish trucks and trailers (unpainted) 791.177786.5 5 Gallon Pail • Removes heavy soils, grease, soap scum and hard water deposits • Removes dead oxidized lettering paint e Forg t B • Do not use on bright aluminum, bright stainless steel, chrome, ’t ru n s o h zinc, galvanized metal, tin or magnesium. May etch glass. e D s 690.8600 690.8610 ! • Spray equipment: 1:50, best results with hot water (140°F) 20” Handle 8” Handle • Kemlite walls: 1:8-16, add product to water TPMS SENSORS 838.7431 838.7432 838.7433 838.7434 838.7441 Part No. Description 838.7145 PRO+ OBD II Module • OBDII Module is updateable • Updates are free • Quickly and easily perform OBDII 838.7442 838.491 838.7436 838.7438 838.7439 838.7144 relearns on most asian vehicles Part No. -
Aircraft Tire Data
Aircraft tire Engineering Data Introduction Michelin manufactures a wide variety of sizes and types of tires to the exacting standards of the aircraft industry. The information included in this Data Book has been put together as an engineering and technical reference to support the users of Michelin tires. The data is, to the best of our knowledge, accurate and complete at the time of publication. To be as useful a reference tool as possible, we have chosen to include data on as many industry tire sizes as possible. Particular sizes may not be currently available from Michelin. It is advised that all critical data be verified with your Michelin representative prior to making final tire selections. The data contained herein should be used in conjunction with the various standards ; T&RA1, ETRTO2, MIL-PRF- 50413, AIR 8505 - A4 or with the airframer specifications or military design drawings. For those instances where a contradiction exists between T&RA and ETRTO, the T&RA standard has been referenced. In some cases, a tire is used for both civil and military applications. In most cases they follow the same standard. Where they do not, data for both tires are listed and identified. The aircraft application information provided in the tables is based on the most current information supplied by airframe manufacturers and/or contained in published documents. It is intended for use as general reference only. Your requirements may vary depending on the actual configuration of your aircraft. Accordingly, inquiries regarding specific models of aircraft should be directed to the applicable airframe manufacturer.