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Optimal Locations of Us Fast Charging Stations for Long
He, Kockelman, Perrine 1 1 OPTIMAL LOCATIONS OF U.S. FAST CHARGING STATIONS FOR LONG- 2 DISTANCE TRIPS BY BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES 3 4 Yawei He 5 Graduate Research Assistant 6 Department of Management Science and Engineering 7 Beijing Institute of Technology 8 Tel: +86 18611915120; [email protected] 9 10 Kara M. Kockelman, Ph.D., P.E. 11 Corresponding Author 12 Professor, and E.P. Schoch Professor in Engineering 13 Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering 14 The University of Texas at Austin 15 Tel: 512-471-0210; Fax: 512-475-8744; [email protected] 16 17 Kenneth A. Perrine 18 Research Associate 19 Center for Transportation Research 20 The University of Texas at Austin 21 [email protected] 22 23 Presented at the 97th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 24 January 2018 and published in Journal of Cleaner Production 214: 452-461 (2019) 25 26 ABSTRACT 27 Due to environmental and energy challenges, promoting battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is 28 a popular policy for many countries. However, lack of fast recharging infrastructure and 29 limitations on BEV range moderate their purchase and use. It is important to have a well- 30 designed charging station network, so this paper uses U.S. long-distance travel data to place 31 charging stations in order to maximize long-distance trip completions. Each scenario assumes a 32 certain number of charging stations (from 50 to 250, across the U.S.) and vehicle range (from 60 33 mi to 250 mi). 34 The problem is formulated as a mixed integer program, and a modified flow-refueling 35 location model (FRLM) model is solved via a branch-and-bound algorithm. -
Fast Charging: an In-Depth Look at Market Penetration, Charging Characteristics, and Advanced Technologies
EVS27 Barcelona, Spain, November 17-20, 2013 Fast Charging: An In-Depth Look at Market Penetration, Charging Characteristics, and Advanced Technologies Satish Rajagopalan1, Arindam Maitra1, John Halliwell1, Morgan Davis1, Mark Duvall1 1Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), USA Abstract Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) are now available in many North American and European markets, with more models expected to become available to consumers in the coming years. These vehicles will present utilities with opportunities as well as challenges as their numbers potentially grow to hundreds of thousands of vehicles connected to the electric grid for charging. In order to support PEV adoption in the market place, it is expected that consumers will demand faster charge rates especially for the all electric vehicles. Faster charge rates require higher power electrical charging systems and the infrastructure to support these fast charging systems. With a view to comprehensively understand the impact of DC fast charging on the customer as well as the electric utility, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has been conducting detailed research into the market potential, technical capabilities, and installation costs. Demand charges and installation costs are currently the most significant barriers widespread adoption of fast charging. Creating a sustainable business case for fast charging will require economics that match utilization. This paper will discuss these findings in depth and will also provide an update on the status of DC fast charging related standards. With a view to address these shortcomings, EPRI has developed a direct medium-voltage fed all solid-state fast charging system, the Utility Direct Medium Voltage Fast Charger (UDFC). -
Interoperability of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
Interoperability of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure INTRODUCTION This paper is a cooperative effort of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the Edison Electric Institute (EEI), the Alliance for Transportation Electrification (ATE), the American Public Power Association (APPA), and the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) to identify challenges, create awareness, and provide perspective to achieve greater interoperability and open standards in the burgeoning U.S. electric vehicle (EV) charging market. By definition,interoperability is the MOTIVATION ability for multiple systems to work The electric vehicle market is rapidly accelerating, as is investment together without restriction. With in the charging infrastructure needed to support this growing regards to electric vehicle charging market. While the vast majority of EV charging now takes place infrastructure, interoperability refers at home and at work, widespread, open-access public charging to the compatibility of key system infrastructure will be essential to support EV drivers beyond components—vehicles, charging early adopters. Visible public infrastructure is a must for more stations, charging networks, and the customers to consider EVs as viable for meeting all of their driving grid—and the software systems that needs—from daily commutes to major expeditions—while also support them, allowing all components supporting drivers who might not have access to workplace or home charging (such as apartment dwellers and other drivers to work seamlessly and effectively. without dedicated residential parking). As a general expectation, Research and stakeholder engagement over the last decade have public EV charging infrastructure should be convenient and shown that interoperable, transparent, open standards-based reliable for drivers to use. -
Electric Vehicle Charging Study
DriveOhio Team Patrick Smith, Interim Director Luke Stedke, Managing Director, Communications Julie Brogan, Project Manager Authors Katie Ott Zehnder, HNTB Sam Spofforth, Clean Fuels Ohio Scott Lowry, HNTB Andrew Conley, Clean Fuels Ohio Santos Ramos, HNTB Cover Photograph By Bruce Hull of the FRA-70-14.56 (Project 2G) ODOT roadway project in coordination with which the City of Columbus, through a competitive bid, hired GreenSpot to install a DCFC on Fulton Street immediately off I-70/I-71 and adjacent to the Columbus Downtown High School property between Fourth Street and Fifth Street. Funding support for the electric vehicle DCFC was provided by AEP Ohio and Paul G. Allen Family Foundation. Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................... v Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Charging Location Recommendations................................................................................................................................................... 1 Cost Estimate ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Next Steps ............................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Overview and Characteristics of the Ev Fast Charging Connector Systems
Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe Nr 3/2017 (115) 91 Damian Dobrzański Politechnika Lubelska OVERVIEW AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EV FAST CHARGING CONNECTOR SYSTEMS PRZEGLĄD I CHARAKTERYSTYKA STANDARDÓW ZŁĄCZY SZYBKIEGO ŁADOWANIA POJAZDÓW EV Abstract: The paper presents the existing connector systems designed for fast charging EV battery. The work has paid particular attention for differences between charging systems like nominal voltage, speed of charging, plug type and place of occurrences. Streszczenie: Artykuł przedstawia przegląd istniejących systemów złączy do ładowania akumulatorów pojazdów elektrycznych. Zwrócono w nim szczególną uwagę na różnice pomiędzy poszczególnymi standardami takimi jak typ złącza, napięcie ładowania, dokonano również analizy ich popularności oraz możliwości rozwoju. Keywords: Fast charging connectors, Tesla Supercharger, CHAdeMO, SAE CCS, SAE J1772, AC charging, DC fast charging, EV Słowa kluczowe: złącza szybkie ładowanie, Tesla Supercharger, CHAdeMO, SAE CCS, SAE J1772 , ładowanie AC, szybkie ładowanie DC, pojazdy elektryczne 1. Introduction Converters [1] as well as Control Strategies and In the last few years, the automotive world has topologies of DC/DC converters [2]. witnessed a real revolution. Decade ago On this moment we have a few fast charging nobody even thought that diesel engines which systems, in this paper was presented a first- are dominated a market in first years of XXI dominating 3 systems Japanese CHAdeMO, century will be gradually withdrawn from the American SAE J1772 Combo (IEC type 1) and automotive solutions. European IEC 62196-2 type 2 Combo Charging Universal striving to reduce climate changes System ( IEC CCS type 2) all types of charging forces car producers to use hybrid powertrains systems are divided to 4 mode: or to completely abandon their conventional -Mode 1- directly passive connection between internal combustion engines for electrical or grid and EV, only AC charging in EU 250V for hydrogen solutions. -
Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in New York Based on Alternative Fuel Stations in New York
Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in New York Based on Alternative Fuel Stations in New York Fuel Type Code Station Name ELEC Davidson Nissan ELEC Hampton Inn Rome - Tesla Destination ELEC National Grid Liverpool NY ELEC HYATT PLACE HOTEL AMHERST 1 ELEC 300 ALEXANDER 300 ALEXANDER ELEC PISO OFFICE 1 ELEC PANYNJ LGA WEST 2 ELEC The Standard, High Line - Tesla Destination ELEC TRICITYRENTALS PARK SOUTH ELEC Riverhead Auto Mall ELEC EVPASS ONCT-13 ELEC NEW STATION 01 ELEC HAWTHORNE RIDGE STATION 2 ELEC CITY HALL 12534 CITY HALL 3 ELEC 799 SENECA STATION 12 ELEC O. C. BMW STATION 01 Page 1 of 1793 09/26/2021 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in New York Based on Alternative Fuel Stations in New York Street Address Intersection Directions 18423 Route 11 1352 Floyd Ave 7437 Henry Clay Blvd 5020 Main Street 300 Alexander St 2880 U.S. 9 LGA West Garage LaGuardia Airport 848 Washington St 17 New Scotland Av 1800 Old Country Rd 400-498 Harrison St 1055 E Jericho Turnpike 30 Community Way Hawthorne Ridge 542 Warren St 799 Seneca St 101 Maher Ln Page 2 of 1793 09/26/2021 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in New York Based on Alternative Fuel Stations in New York City State ZIP Plus4 Watertown NY 13601 Rome NY 13441 Liverpool NY 13088 Amherst NY 14226 Rochester NY 14607 Valatie NY 12184 Flushing NY 11371 New York NY 10014 Albany NY 12208 Riverhead NY 11901 Syracuse NY 13202 Huntington NY 11743 East Greenbush NY 12061 Hudson NY 12534 Buffalo NY 14210 Harriman NY 10926 Page 3 of 1793 09/26/2021 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in New York Based -
Tesla, Inc.: the Automotive Business Analysis Senior Honors Thesis
Tesla, Inc.: The Automotive Business Analysis Senior Honors Thesis Presented to Undergraduate Program in Business Ben Gomes-Casseres, Primary Advisor and Michael McKay, Second Reader Awarded Honors By Nikita Ivanchenko December 2017 Copyright by Nikita Ivanchenko Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................3 Background, History and Business Description ..................................................................6 Introduction ........................................................................................................................11 Part I: Financial Analysis ........................................................................... 13 1. Income Statement .......................................................................................................13 Automotive revenue ........................................................................................................14 Cost of automotive revenues ..........................................................................................17 Operating expenses ........................................................................................................24 Stock-based compensation and interest expenses ..........................................................29 2. Cash Flow Statement ..................................................................................................32 Part II: Key Value Drivers ......................................................................... -
Multistandard Charger Deployment and Usage in Europe
EVS29 Symposium Montréal, Québec, Canada, June 19-22, 2016 Fast chargers for all: multistandard charger deployment and usage in Europe Tomoko BLECH, Natalia KOZDRA CHAdeMO Association Europe, Paris, France, [email protected] Summary Equipped with CHAdeMO, Combo2 and AC connectors, multistandard fast chargers have become the de- facto standard in Europe, catering to all fast-chargeable EVs on the market. This paper reviews the general fast charging infrastructure deployment, presents multistandard charger usage data from European projects and demonstrates that the usage of connectors on these chargers is unequal. This is due to influences from multiple factors including the local plug-in market composition, government incentives, infrastructure availability and user behaviours. Stakeholders need to remain alert and adapt to the resulting ever-changing market needs, with support from robust and flexible e-mobility ecosystem including policy and technology. Keywords: fast charge, CHAdeMO, Combo, EU (European Union), policy 1 Introduction CHAdeMO is the first fully commercialised DC fast charging technology for mass-marketed electric vehicles (EV) in the world, but its deployment did not follow the same patterns in all parts of the globe. In the first part of this paper, we shall review the development of global fast charging infrastructure, focusing on the European market, which was the first to arrive at “multistandard” chargers in conjunction with the global and regional standardisation discussions. We will then touch on the proliferation of multistandard chargers in Europe, a phenomenon that has quickly spread out in the last few years. In the second part of the paper, taking multistandard fast charger usage data from four European countries, we shall present examples of EV markets and their usage of fast charging infrastructure, from which we shall extract learning and implications for the near-future deployment of fast charging infrastructure in terms of operations, legislation support, and technological development. -
Vertically Integrated Supply Chain of Batteries, Electric Vehicles
sustainability Review Vertically Integrated Supply Chain of Batteries, Electric Vehicles, and Charging Infrastructure: A Review of Three Milestone Projects from Theory of Constraints Perspective Michael Naor 1,* , Alex Coman 2 and Anat Wiznizer 1 1 School of Busines Administration, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel; [email protected] 2 School of Computer Science, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv 61000, Israel; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This research utilizes case study methodology based on longitudinal interviews over a decade coupled with secondary data sources to juxtapose Tesla with two high-profile past mega- projects in the electric transportation industry, EV-1 and Better Place. The theory of constraints serves as a lens to identify production and market bottlenecks for the dissemination of electric vehicles. The valuable lessons learned from EV1 failure and Better Place bankruptcy paved the way for Tesla’s operations strategy to build gigafactories which bears a resemblance to Ford T mass production last century. Specifically, EV1 relied on external suppliers to develop batteries, while Better Place was dependent on a single manufacturer to build cars uniquely compatible with its charging infrastructure, whereas Tesla established a closed-loop, green, vertically integrated supply chain consisting of batteries, electric cars and charging infrastructure to meet its customers evolving needs. The analysis unveils several limitations of the Tesla business model which can impede its Citation: Naor, M.; Coman, A.; Wiznizer, A. Vertically Integrated worldwide expansion, such as utility grid overload and a shortage of raw material, which Tesla Supply Chain of Batteries, Electric strives to address by innovating advanced batteries and further extending its vertically integrated Vehicles, and Charging Infrastructure: supply chain to the mining industry. -
(October 2020). Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Trends From
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Trends from the Alternative Fueling Station Locator: First Quarter 2020 Abby Brown,1 Stephen Lommele,1 Alexis Schayowitz,2 2 and Emily Klotz 1 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2 ICF NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-5400-77508 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC Revised October 2020 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Trends from the Alternative Fueling Station Locator: First Quarter 2020 Abby Brown,1 Stephen Lommele,1 Alexis Schayowitz,2 and Emily Klotz2 1 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2 ICF Suggested Citation Brown, Abby, Stephen Lommele, Alexis Schayowitz, and Emily Klotz. 2020. Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Trends from the Alternative Fueling Station Locator: First Quarter 2020. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-5400- 77508. www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/77508.pdf. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-5400-77508 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC Revised October 2020 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov NOTICE This work was authored in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. -
Grid Impacts of Highway Electric Vehicle Charging and the Role for Mitigation Via Energy Storage Andrew M
Working Paper Series Grid Impacts of Highway Electric Vehicle Charging and the Role for Mitigation via Energy Storage Andrew M. Mowry and Dharik S. Mallapragada February 2021 CEEPR WP 2021-003 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Grid Impacts of Highway Electric Vehicle Charging and the Role for Mitigation via Energy Storage Andrew M. Mowry*a and Dharik S. Mallapragadaa February 8, 2021 Abstract Highway fast-charging (HFC) stations for electric vehicles (EVs) are necessary to address range anxiety concerns and thus to support economy-wide decarbonization goals. The characteristics of HFC electricity demand – their relative inflexibility, high power requirements, and spatial concentration – have the potential to adversely impact grid operations as HFC infrastructure expands Here, we use a spatially and temporally resolved grid operations model to study the impacts of scaled-up HFC infrastructure in the context of multiple EV penetration scenarios on the 2033 Texas power system. We find that grid-HFC interactions increase system average operational costs by $0/MWh to $6/MWh, with greater impacts associated with higher EV penetration. The majority of increased costs is attributable to transmission congestion on feeder lines serving a minority of HFC stations. This impact is not captured by less detailed models, and the HFC stations within this minority are not easily identified without a full simulation. Four-hour battery energy storage is shown to be more effective than demand flexibility as mitigation, due to the longer duration of peak charging demand anticipated at HFC stations. Transmission network upgrades can also effectively mitigate grid-HFC interactions, and choosing the most effective strategy for each station requires a tailored approach. -
Electric Vehicle Charging in China and the United States
ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING IN CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES ANDERS HOVE AND DAVID SANDALOW FEBRUARY 2019 ABOUT THE CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY The Center on Global Energy Policy provides independent, balanced, data-driven analysis to help policymakers navigate the complex world of energy. We approach energy as an economic, security, and environmental concern. And we draw on the resources of a world- class institution, faculty with real-world experience, and a location in the world’s finance and media capital. Visit us at www.energypolicy.columbia.edu @ColumbiaUenergy ABOUT THE SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS SIPA’s mission is to empower people to serve the global public interest. Our goal is to foster economic growth, sustainable development, social progress, and democratic governance by educating public policy professionals, producing policy-related research, and conveying the results to the world. Based in New York City, with a student body that is 50 percent international and educational partners in cities around the world, SIPA is the most global of public policy schools. For more information, please visit www.sipa.columbia.edu ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING IN CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES ANDERS HOVE AND DAVID SANDALOW FEBRUARY 2019 1255 Amsterdam Ave New York NY 10027 www.energypolicy.columbia.edu @ColumbiaUenergy ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING IN CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 INTRODUCTION 7 GLOSSARY 9 BACKGROUND: ELECTRIC VEHICLES 10 A. Electric Vehicle Deployment Today 10 B. Electric Vehicle Deployment Projections 11 C. Electric Vehicle Policies 13 i. China 13 ii. United States 14 1. EV CHARGING TODAY 16 A.