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Effects on Benthic Macrofauna from Pumped Flows to Rincon Bayou

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Effects on Benthic Macrofauna from Pumped Flows to Rincon Bayou Effects on Benthic Macrofauna from Pumped Flows to Rincon Bayou Final Report CBBEP Publication - 111 Project Number -1617 August 2016 Prepared by: Dr. Paul A. Montagna, Principal Investigator Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi 6300 Ocean Dr., Unit 5869 Corpus Christi, Texas 78412 Phone: 361-825-2040 Email: [email protected] Submitted to: Coastal Bend Bays & Estuaries Program 615 N. Upper Broadway, Suite 1200 Corpus Christi, TX 78401 The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of CBBEP or other organizations that may have provided funding for this project. Effects on Benthic Macrofauna from Pumped Flows to Rincon Bayou Principal Investigator: Dr. Paul A. Montagna Co-Authors: Crystal Chaloupka, Elizabeth DelRosario, Amanda Gordon, and Evan L. Turner Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi 6300 Ocean Drive, Unit 5869 Corpus Christi, Texas 78412 Phone: 361-825-2040 Email: [email protected] Final report submitted to: Coastal Bend Bays & Estuaries Program, Inc. 615 N. Upper Broadway, Suite 1200 Corpus Christi, TX 78401 CBBEP Project Number 1617 August 2016 Cite as: Montagna, P.A., C. Chaloupka, E. DelRosario, A. Gordon, and E.L. Turner. 2016. Effects on Benthic Macrofauna from Pumped Flows to Rincon Bayou. Final Report to the Coastal Bend Bays & Estuaries Program for Project # 1617, CBBEP Publication – 111. Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University- Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, 60 pp. Left Blank for 2-sided printing Acknowledgements This project was funded in part by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Cooperative Agreement Numbers: C6-480000-51, EPA Q-TRAK# - 15-485. We thank Sharon R. Coleman, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ); Terry Mendiola, EPA; Curry Jones, EPA; Jeff Foster, TCEQ; and Kerry Niemann, TCEQ for reviewing and approving the Quality Assurance Project Plan. The work was overseen at the Coastal Bend Bays & Estuaries Program by Leo Trevino and Rae Mooney, who provided helpful guidance to complete the project. The authors thank Rick Kalke, Harte Research Institute (HRI) for providing leadership with the field and laboratory work, Noe Barrera, HRI for help in the laboratory, and Elani Morgan Eckert, HRI for help with data management. Finally, Leo Trevino and Rae Mooney of the Coastal Bend Bays & Estuaries Program provided guidance and oversight throughout the project. i Abstract Decreased inflow due to damming of the Nueces and Frio rivers has resulted in increasing salinity in Nueces Bay and caused Rincon Bayou to become a reverse estuary disturbing the overall hydrology of the adjacent Corpus Christi Bay. Adaptive management to perform hydrological restoration began in 1994 and continues today. The objectives of the present study are to determine to what extent salinity fluctuates within Rincon Bayou and what effects these fluctuations have on estuary health. Benthic infauna are ideal indicators of ecological effects because of their relative immobility and longevity in contrast with plankton of comparable size. Nearly all past studies focused on benthic infauna, here we add measurements of benthic epifauna, which are larger, more mobile invertebrates and represent a higher trophic level. Archived samples were analyzed as well as new samples collected from the upper Rincon Bayou near Corpus Christi, TX. For macroinfaunal, one historical station (C) was sampled biweekly and two historical stations (F and G) were sampled quarterly. For epifauna, all three stations were sampled biweekly. Conductivity, temperature, and salinity were monitored continuously. Additional water column measurements were taken during sampling events. Macrofauna and epifauna biomass, abundance, and diversity were recorded and analyzed. High inflow reduces salinity and introduces nutrients. Large and haphazard salinity fluctuations result in an often disturbed system populated by pioneer species, such as chironomid larvae and the polychaete Streblospio benedicti, during especially low and high salinity periods. Epifaunal organisms are mobile and capable of escaping unsuitable conditions, so the more immediate results of fluctuations in water quality is the lack of higher trophic marine organisms following pumping events. Results of time lags indicated that variance in diversity variables in response to changes in salinities occurred within the first few weeks after pumping. Immediate responses to salinity were not identified in abundance and biomass. Positive relationships between abundance and biomass, in response to salinity fluctuations, were evident after 6 to 8 weeks. The results of the infaunal and epifaunal analyses indicate that further changes need to be made to the Rincon Bayou restoration and management programs in order to reestablish a reasonably undisturbed ecosystem. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... i Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Materials and Methods .................................................................................................................... 3 Site Description ........................................................................................................................... 3 Sampling Methods....................................................................................................................... 4 Archived Samples ....................................................................................................................... 4 New Samples ............................................................................................................................... 4 Data Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 5 Results ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Hydrography................................................................................................................................ 6 Grain Size .................................................................................................................................. 13 Macroinfauna ............................................................................................................................ 15 Epifauna .................................................................................................................................... 26 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 48 Hydrology.................................................................................................................................. 48 Macroinfauna Response to Salinity........................................................................................... 52 Epifauna Response to Salinity................................................................................................... 54 Recommendation ....................................................................................................................... 55 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................. 56 iii List of Figures Figure 1. Map of study area. a) State of Texas with the Nueces Basin highlighted. b) Location of Choke Canyon Reservoir, Lake Corpus Christi and Nueces Estuary (Nueces Bay) within the Nueces Basin. c) Location of the Nueces Delta marsh containing Rincon Bayou. ............................................................................................................................ 3 Figure 2. Rincon Bayou mean sonde salinity (PSU) observations from September 1, 2015 to April 25, 2016 for stations C, F, and G. Mean daily salinity (PSU) observations for station C beginning September 1, 2015 and ending February 16, 2016 are joined to the biweekly observations over the entire study period. ...................................................... 8 Figure 3. Rincon Bayou mean sonde temperature (C) observations from September 1, 2015 to April 25, 2016 for stations C, F, and G. Mean daily temperature (C) observations for station C beginning September 1, 2015 and ending February 16, 2016 are joined to the biweekly observations over the entire study period. ...................................................... 9 Figure 4. Rincon Bayou water depth (m) biweekly observations from September 9, 2015 to April 25, 2016 for stations C, F, and G. Water depth (m) is the total depth recorded by hand using a ruler. ................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 5. Rincon Bayou dissolved
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