Gulf of Mexico Science Volume 23 Article 10 Number 2 Number 2

2005 Peracarid of Central Laguna Madre Tamaulipas in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico Everardo Barba El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Mexico

Alberto J. Sánchez Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco

DOI: 10.18785/goms.2302.10 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms

Recommended Citation Barba, E. and A. J. Sánchez. 2005. Peracarid Crustaceans of Central Laguna Madre Tamaulipas in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Science 23 (2). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol23/iss2/10

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Peracarid Crustaceans of Central Laguna Madre Tamaulipas m the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico

EVERARDO BARBA AND ALBERTO J. SANCHEZ

A total of 6,734 of peracarid crustaceans belonging to 3 orders (Amphipoda, Mysidacea, and Isopoda), 17 families, 25 genera, and 30 species were recorded in the central region of Laguna Madre. The Amphipoda constituted 58% of total density (ind/m2 ), whereas the Mysidacea and lsopoda represented 29 and 13%, respectively. The amphipods Cymadusa compta and Elasmopus levis, and the isopod Harrieta faxoni were the numerically dominant species, The maximum density values were recorded in submersed aquatic vegetation and sites close to the chan­ nels dm·ing the "norther" season, when the water temperature decreased.

ubmerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), which Despite the importance of this estuarine sys­ S includes seagrasses and macroalgae, pro­ tem, few faunal reports have been recently vides critical habitats for a variety of faunal spe­ published (Barba, 1999, 2003). The purpose of cies, The increase in abundance and species this study was to obtain a checklist of peracaricl richness of fauna associated with seagrass beds crustaceans and to describe the spatial and sea­ have been associated with the physical com­ sonal distribution of the species with respect to plexity of the seagrass canopy in terms of ben­ SAV and unvegetated soft substrates (USS) in efits as refuge from predators and as food sup­ the central region of Laguna Madre, where ply (K11eib, 1987; Rozas and Odum, 1988; Mi­ these two types of habitat are common. nello and Zimmerman, 1991; Vose and Bell, 1994; Llans6 et al., 1998; Corona et al., 2000). In addition, the physical nature of the seagrass METHODS canopy may affect the hydrodynamics of larval recruitment and influence the possibility of Study m·ea.-The study was conducted in the settlement by planktonic larvae (Holmquist, et central region of Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas. al., 1989). Seasonal fluctuations in the ahem­ This coastal lagoon is the largest estuarine sys­ dance of mobile fauna have been explained in tem (215,160 ha) in the southwestern Gulf of terms of the settlement of larvae, as well as of Mexico (Castaneda and Contreras, 2001). La­ the large clutch sizes and rapid growth rates of guna Madre is a shallow estuarine system with brooding invertebrates (Bell and Westoby, water temperatures that reflect the summer 1986). The greater part (69%) of the macro­ hot season and the winter cold season. As a fauna collected in Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, result of its location in a semiarid area, its re­ was found in SAV. Of this macrofauna, cleca­ stricted contact with the sea, and a minimum pocls constitutecl80% of the total catch (Barba, river runoff from the San Fernando River, La­ 1999)' guna Mache is hypersaline with marine condi­ The two Madre lagoons in Tamaulipas and tions restricted to the areas of tidal influence Texas have similar geomorphological origin near the inlets. and a high degree of overlap in their faunal The central region of Laguna Mache is lim­ composition. However, the quantification of ited to the north by the San Fernando River, the faunal composition and of the state of from which it receives small contributions of health of both estuarine ecosystems cannot be fresh water during the rainy season, and to the estimated as long as the database of any lagoon south by the inlet of Catan (Fig. 1). This region remains incomplete, as is the case of Laguna is characterized by two areas: (1) the middle J\iladre, Ta1naulipas. Both systems share faunal area is homogeneous, hypersaline, and SAV components of open water ichthyoplankton, are present; and (2) the inlets are deeper and benthic invertebrates, and demersal fish dis­ marine, and USS habitat is dominated by sandy tributed in the submerged aquatic vegetation or muddy substrates without rooted vegetation. (Quammen and Onuf, 1993; Tolan et al., 1997, Drift algae, represented by Laurencia spp. and Barba, 1999). In addition, the Laguna Madre Smgasswn spp., were present in the "norther" is a prime wintering area for diving clucks; season, Submerged aquatic vegetation within most notably redheads (Quammen and Onuf, the lagoon is dominated by the seagrass Halo­ 1993). dule wrightii Ascherson, and the macroalgae

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sity (66%), whereas the orders Mysidacea and Isopoda hacl19% and 15% of the total density with 5 and 10 species, respectively (Tables 1, 2). A total of 31 peracaricl species were col­ lected fron1 USS and 14 from SAV (Table 3).

Amphipods.-A total of 72% of the amphipocl Silmpling sites density was recorded in SAV, where density val­ 1 Boca de Catan 2 2 Entre CatimyP. ues ranging from 16.3 incl·m at Punta Alam­ Piedra bre (Site 4) to 3.4 at Isla Pita (Site 5). In the 3 Punta Piedra 4 Punta Alambre USS sites, density ranging from 10.9 at Las Pin­ 5lsla Pita 6 Carbonara tas (Site 11) to 0.42 incl·m2 at Punta Piedra 71slaVaca 8 Isla Ia Coyota (Site 3) (Fig. 2). The maximum density values 9 Boca Ia Uebre of the two dominant amphipocls, Cymadusa 1o Isla Vena do 11 Las Plntas compta and Elasmopus levis, were recorded at the SAV sites of Isla Venado (Site 10) (12.74 Fig. 1. Study area: central region of the Laguna incl·m2) and Punta Alambre (8.86 ind·m2). Madre estuarine system, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Both species represented 93% of the total am­ phipod density. The minimum density value Hypnea cervicornis]. Agarth and Dictyota dicho­ corresponded to Batea catharinensis, collected toma (Hudson) Lamouroux (Barba, 1999). at the USS sites of Punta Piedra (Site 3) and Isla Vaca (Site 7) with 0.16 incl·m2. The species Sampling design a.nd data analysis.-Sampling Lembos webstel'i, Hyale nilssoni, and Orchestia gam­ took place bimonthly in 1989-1990, during marella were found only in Boca de Catan (Site daylight hours, at 11 sites, which were selected 1), and the occasional species Jassa falcata and considering the distribution of SAV and the in­ Paracaprella pusilla were collected at the SAV put of marine and fresh water. Temperature sites of Boca la Liebre (Site 9) and between and salinity were determined at each site. The Catan and Punta Piedra (Site 2). Nine species sampling design covered the spatial heteroge­ and 28% of the density were found in USS neity and climatic seasons of the year (dry, sites, whereas eight species and 72% of the March-May; rainy, June-September; "north­ density corresponded to SAV sites (Tables 2, er," October-February). In the norther season 3). the water temperature decreased clue to fre­ \!\lith respect to the seasons, the greatest quent colder and northern winds, often with number of species (14 species) and 78% of the rain. Biological samples were collected from a total amphipod density (61 incl·m2) were re­ boat, using a Renfro beam net (Renfro, 1962) corded during the norther season (Fig. 3). The with a 1-mm mesh size and a sampling area of greatest densities of the species C. compta (37 50 rn2• ind·m2) and E. levis (22 incl·m2) were collected Taxonomic identifications followed the con­ at this time of the year. The occasional species ventional taxonomic criteria for mysids (Stuck Deutella californica (0.5 ind·m2), L. websteri (0.02 et al., 1979; Escobar and Soto, 1988, 1989; ind·m2), H. nilssoni (0.02 incl·m2) and Gam­ Price et al., 1994), amphipods (McCain, 1968; marus mucronatus (0.24 ind·m2) were also Bousfield, 1973; Barnard and I(araman, 1991), caught during the norther season. Minimum and isopods (Schultz, 1969; Clark and Robert­ values were obtained in the dry season (7.5 son, 1982; Kensley and Schotte, 1989). Density inchn2) for the species J Jalcata, 0. gammarella, was quantified as the number of organisms col­ and AmjJelisca sp. with density values less than 2 lected divided by the sampling area (50 m2). 0.04 incl·m • The species C. compta, Batea ca­ The variation in abundance was described at tluuinensis, E1ichtonius brasiliensis, JVIicroprotojms the spatial (sampling sites) and temporal (cli­ raneyi, E. levis, and Deu!ella abracadabra were matic seasons) scales. Species dmninance was present throughout the year. defined with the nonparametric association analysis of Olmstead and Tukey (Sakal and JVfysids.-These peracaricls were restricted pri­ Rohlf, 1981). marily to the lagoon inlets in coarse sand sub­ strates and euryhaline water. The greatest val­

RESULTS ues of density (81% of the total) and all species were recorded in USS sites, particularly when The order Amphipocla dominated in terms drift algae were present, in the inlet of Catan of species number (17 species) and total den- (Site 1) and La Liebre inlet (Site 9) with 15.5 https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol23/iss2/10 2 DOI: 10.18785/goms.2302.10 Barba and Sánchez: Peracarid Crustaceans of Central Laguna Madre Tamaulipas in the S BARBA & SANCHEZ-PERACARID CRUSTACEANS IN SW GULF OF MEXICO 243

TABLE 1. Peracarid Composition and numerical dominance in Laguna Madre (classification following Bow­ man and Abele, 1982).

Ta.xa Source Ll\I~IX L\lo; Sl\,1 and SLA LT Order Mysidacea Boas 1883 NI)'Sidopsis swiftii Bacescu 1969 a bahia Molenock 1969 r X Americamysis almyra Bowman 1964 r X Bowmaniella florid ana Holmquist 1975 r X Bownaniella brasiliensis Bacescu 1968 r X Order Amphipoda Latreille 1803 Suborder Caprellidea Cajn·ella sp. Lamarck 1801 r Deutella califomica Mayer 1890 f X X Deutella abracadabra Mayer 1890 f Paracaprella pusilla Mayer 1890 r X X Suborder Gammaridea Cymadusa compta Mayer 1890 d X X X Batea catharinensis Muller 1865 f Gammarus mucronatus Say 1818 r X X X Atylus minilwi Walter 1905 r X X X Ericthonius brasiliensis Dana 1853 f X X X Cerapus tubularis Say 1818 f J\1icroprotopus raneyi Wingley 1966 f Lembos websteJi Bate 185 r Hyale nilssoni Rathke 1843 r Jassa Jalcata Montagu 1818 r ElasmojJils levis Smith 1873 d X X Orchestia gammarella Pallas 1766 r Ampelisca sp. Kroyer 1842 r Order Isopoda Latreille 1817 1legathoa medialis Richardson 1905 r Ancinus depressus Say 1818 r Cymothoa oestrum Linnaeus 1793 r Erichsonella attenuata Harger 1873 f X Erichsonella jilifonnis Say 1818 f Exosphaeroma productatelson Menzies and Glynn 1968 r Hanieta Jaxoni Richardson 1905 d Rocinela ame1icana Schioedte and Meinert 1879 r Sphaeroma qua(hidentatum Say 1818 r Ligia exotica Raux 1828 r

LM.Mx =Laguna ~vladrc this study, Ll\ITX =Laguna Madre, Texas (l\Iine11o and Zimmerman, 1991; Clark and Robertson, 1982), SI\I = Soto la :Marina (Ciulzaro-Oiivera el al., 2002), SLA =Sistema lagunar de Alvarado C'Vinfield et al., 2001), and IT= Laguna de TCrminos lagoon (Corona rt nl., 2000; Ledoyer, 1986; Escobar and Soto, 1989). d =dominant, a= abundant, f =frequent, r =occasional.

and 3.8 ind·tn2, respectively (Fig. 2). The nu­ merical dominant swiftii (15.5 ind·m2) was the only species collected at the inlet of Catan, when the drift algae were pres­ TABLE 2. Density values (ind/m2) of peracarids in unvegetated substrates (USS) and submerged aquat­ ent (Site l). The other two dominant species 2 ic vegetation (SAV) Laguna Madre. were Bowmaniella floridana (1.7 ind·m ) and Bowmaniella brasiliensis (1.7 ind·m2) from SAV Density Amphipods I so pods M)'Sids sites and in drift algae (Table 3). These three species were present only during the dry sea­ uss 28% 28% 81% son, whereas Ame1icamysis bahia (0.42 ind·m2) SAV 72% 72% 19% 2 Total by order 66% 15% 19% and Americamysis almyra (0.22 ind·m ) from the la Liebre inlet (Site 9) were collected only in

Published by The Aquila Digital Community, 2005 3 Gulf of Mexico Science, Vol. 23 [2005], No. 2, Art. 10 244 GULF OF MEXICO SCIENCE, 2005, VOL. 23(2)

TABLE 3. Species composition of peracarids in unvegetated substrates (USS) and submerged aquatic veg­ etation (SAV) in Laguna ~Madre

Habitat Amphipods I so pods ~vlysids uss Ampelisca sp. Aegathoa medialis Ammicamysis bahia Orchestia gamarella Cymathoa oestrwn Ame1icamysis almyra Paracajmdla sp. Rocinella ai/WJ'icana i'vipidojJis swijtii Cajm!lla sp. Ligia exotica ]assa falcata Ancinus depressus Hyale nilssoni Exosphaeroma jJroductatelson Lembos websteri Atylus minilwi Deutella californica SAV Cymadusa comjJfd' Hanieta faxom" Bowmaniella jloridan{c" Elasmopus levis' E1ichsonella attenuatrr" Bowmaniella brasiliensis" Gammarus mucronatwa E1ichsonella filiform is' Erichtonius brasiliensi;a Splweroma quadridentatum" Batea catharinensis" ivlicrojJrolojJlls raneyia Deutella abracadabra" CerajJlls tubulmis Total species 17 10 5

a collected occasiona11y in drift algae.

the norther season. The dry season provided (site 1) (2.22 ind·m2) and frequent species 84% (32 ind·m2) of total mysid density, the were Erichsonella attenuata (0.14 ind·m2) and norther season only 16% (6 ind·m2), and no Erichsonella filifonnis (0.18 ind·m2), with their mysids were collected in the rainy season (Fig. greatest values in Catan inlet (Fig. 2). These 3). three species were associated with drift algae in SAV sites. The rare species Cymothoa oestrum, IsojJOds.-A total of 72% of the isopod density Rocinela mne1icana, and Ligia exotica were col­ was recorded at SAV sites, with values ranging lected at the USS sites (Table 3) of Punta Pie­ from 0.04 ind·m2 at Carbonera (Site 6) to 5.9 dra (Site 1) and Las Pintas (Site 11). The ind·m2 at Isla Venado (Site 10). In the USS norther season provided the greatest density sites, density ranged from 0.1 at Boca la Liebre values with 80% (14.4 ind·m2), followed by the (Site 9) to 6.18 ind·m2 at Catan inlet (Site 1). rainy season with 15.3%, and finally, the dry The numerically dominant species with respect season with 4.6% (Fig. 3). The dominant spe­ to density was Harrieta jaxoni from Catan inlet cies H. Jaxoni and the twu frequent species E. filifonnis and E. attenuata were present through-

Density 2 (ind/m )

Density (ind/m')

SAY Sampling sites Fig. 2. Spatial abundance distribution of pera­ carid crustaceans in Laguna Madre. SAV, submersed aquatic vegetation substrates; USS, unvegetated sub­ Fig. 3. Seasonal distribution of peracarid abun­ strates. dance in Laguna Madre. https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol23/iss2/10 4 DOI: 10.18785/goms.2302.10 Barba and Sánchez: Peracarid Crustaceans of Central Laguna Madre Tamaulipas in the S

BARBA & SANCHEZ-PERACARID CRUSTACEANS IN SW GULF OF MEXICO 245

out the year in SAV as well as in drift algae H. nilssoni, L. webste1i, and Atylus m.inilwi; and (Table 3). the isopods C. oestrum, R. americana, L. exotica, Ancinus depressus, Exosphaerona productatelson, R. DISCUSSION americana, and Sphaeroma qzwdridentatum. The mysids are characterized by high mobility and Peracarid crustaceans are a numerically im­ nocturnal and horizontal movements in re­ portant component of SAV habitats where they sponse to light, temperature changes, and cur­ constitute an available food supply and repre­ rents (Bourdillon and Castelbon, 1983; Webb sent a link between primary producers and and Woolldridge, 1990), and have been re­ higher trophic levels. This group of mesoher­ corded as an important component in the di­ bivores (Brawley, 1992) includes amphipods, ets of commercial fish associated with estuarine isopods, gastropods, and caridean . Me­ conditions and USS substrates (Bourdillon and soherbivores regulate epiphytic growth on ma­ Castelbon, 1983; Webb and Woolldridge, croalgae and seagrasses (Stoner, 1980; Zim­ 1990). merman, et al., 1990; Barba et al., 2000), and Studies on peracarid crustaceans have been recycle nutrients through fecal pellet produc­ few and focused on density and diversity (Es­ tion (Jerkanoff and Nielsen, 1996;Jerkanoff et cobar and Soto, 1989; Winfield et al. 2001; al., 1996; Barba et al., 2000). Seagrasses and Chazaro-Olvera et al., 2002). The distribution peracarid crustaceans are the two basic com­ of peracarids in the biggest estuarine systems ponents that maintain the trophic structure via of the Gulf of Mexico is limited to the central detritus in the central region of Laguna Madre area of the Mexican coast and to the (Barba, 2003). An increase of peracarids in in Texas (Minella and Zimmerman, 1991; Cha­ SAV habitats has been explained by an increase zaro-Olvera et al., 2002). The presence of a va­ of physical refuge, feeding sources, and pro­ riety of environmental conditions in a number tection against predation (Corona, et al., of estuaries favors the availability of a variety of 2000). However, physiological tolerance to sa­ linity and temperature is also a factor that may habitats for epifaunal species. A total of 21% regulate the distribution of estuarine fauna of the species collected in this study and, in (Sanchez and Raz-Guzman, 1997). In Laguna particular the species Caprella sp., Deutella sp., Madre, most of the amphipods (62% of the C. comjJta, G. mucronatus, E. levis, and Ampelisca species) and isopods (40% of the species) were sp. were found in Texan estuarine systems (Mi­ collected in SAV habitats where both groups nello and Zimmerman, 1991) (Table 1). represented 71% of the total peracarid density Other estuaries in the southwestern Gulf of (Table 2). The dominant amphipods E. levis Mexico include Rio Soto la Marina in Tamau­ and C. comjJta, and the isopods H. faxoni, E. lipas, where only 15% of the species were attenuata, and E. filifonnis were found prefer­ found in USS sites (Chazaro-Olvera, et al., entially associated with SAV substrates in eu­ 2002), Camaronera lagoon in Veracruz with haline-hypersaline conditions in this study. 12.5% of the species from SAV sites (Winfield, These species have been recorded as estuarine et al., 2001; Chazaro-Olvera, et al., 2002), and residents associated with SAV habitats of Thal­ Terminos lagoon in Campeche with 28% of assia testudinwn, Halodule wrightii, and Syringo­ the species (Ledoyer, 1986; Escobar and Soto, diwn filifonne, with a wide distribution through­ 1989; Corona, et al., 2000) (Table 1). Notwith­ out the estuarine systems of the Gulf of Mexico standing the hypersalinity, the diversity and (Minella and Zimmerman, 1991; Escobar and abundance of crustaceans and juvenile fish are So to, 1998; Chazaro-Olvera et al., 2002). high in comparison with that in the lagoons of The spatial density of peracarids showed that Terminos, Tamiahua, and Alvarado (Resendez 81% of the mysids and 28% of both am phi pods and Kobelkowski, 1991; Alvarez et al., 1996; and isopods were associated with USS sites (Ta­ Raz-Guzman and Sanchez, 1996; Sanchez et al., ble 3). The high density values and number of 1996; Sanchez and Raz Guzman, 1997; Barba, peracarid species in USS sites (Table 3) is 1999; Raz-Guzman et al., 2004). linked to the occasional drift algae presence in the channels. The 20 occasional species (Table 1) were recorded in euhaline conditions in the ACKNOWLEDGMENTS deeper, clearer water of the inlets, and associ­ ated with currents and northern winds. These Special thanks to Monica Ramirez for assis­ species are the mysids A. bahia, A. almyra, and tance in the identification of the amphipods M. swifti; the amphipods Ampelisca sp., 0. ga­ and to Fernando Mondragon for assistance in marella, Paracaprella sp., Caprella sp., J falcata, the sampling.

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