Land at Manydown, shaping a place, creating a community Basingstoke MSD12t: Invertebrates ES Appendix 9.9 February 2017

shaping a place, creating a community

MANYDOWN

ECOLOGICAL TECHNICAL REPORT

Terrestrial Invertebrates

5161.01.026

Document Title Manydown Ecological Technical Report – Terrestrial Invertebrates

Prepared for Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council / Hampshire County Council

Prepared by TEP Ltd

Document Ref 5161.01.026

Author Mark Tunmore

Date December 2016

Checked Rachel Roberts

Approved Rachel Roberts

Amendment History

Check / Modified Version Date Approved Reason(s) issue Status by by

1.0 Dec 2016 MT RAR First draft for Client review Draft

2.0 Jan 2017 GAR RAR Amendments following review Draft Amendments following boundary change & 3.0 Feb 2017 GAR RAR Final review

Manydown Ecological Technical Report Terrestrial Invertebrates

Contents Page

Preface ...... 1

Executive Summary ...... 2

1.0 Introduction ...... 3

2.0 Terms of Reference ...... 4

3.0 Method ...... 6

4.0 Results ...... 9

5.0 Conclusions and Implications ...... 27

6.0 Mitigation and Recommendations ...... 28

7.0 References ...... 31

Tables

Table 1: Daytime survey visit dates and associated weather conditions...... 6 Table 2: Additional static trapping effort...... 7 Table 3: Invertebrates recorded during the survey...... 9 Table 4: of conservation value identified during the survey...... 25

Figures

Figure 1: Site Areas ...... 5

Drawings

G5161.01.053 Invertebrate Survey

G5161.01.054 Key Habitat Areas for Invertebrates

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Preface

TEP was commissioned by Basingstoke & Deane Borough Council jointly with Hampshire County Council in May 2015 to undertake an Ecological Impact Assessment (EcIA) to contribute to the production of an Environmental Statement (ES) in support of the Proposed Development at Manydown.

A series of ecological and arboricultural investigations was undertaken to inform the EcIA. This report is one of a series of Ecological Technical Reports (ETR) produced to document these investigations and to provide the framework on which the EcIA is based.

The purpose of this ETR is to:  Detail the method and findings of the invertebrate surveys;  Identify the implications for invertebrates in terms of relevant legislation and conservation status as a consequence of potential adverse, or beneficial, impacts arising from the Proposed Development, and to contribute to the assessment of significance of effects on dormice contained in Chapter 9 of the ES;  Outline a framework for mitigation that will ensure that the Favourable Conservation Status (FCS) of invertebrate populations is delivered on completion of the Proposed Development; and  Determine the need for any further surveys, monitoring or management measures pre-, during or post-construction.

The findings this ETR have informed the EcIA and, where relevant, other elements of the EIA.

The EcIA is detailed in Chapter 9 of the ES (Ecology and Nature Conservation), including impact characterisation and assessment of residual impact significance in accordance with guidelines published by the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM).

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Executive Summary

An invertebrate survey was carried out during the months of May, July and August 2016, using a variety of techniques to sample populations within the Site. Assistance was provided by various national experts to identify some species from the more specialist groups.

A total of 603 species was recorded, which included:

 10 Nationally Scarce species;  two Red Data Book species  one species of principal importance for conservation;  two Hampshire biodiversity priority species; and  a new species for Hampshire.

The Site is identified as being of county importance for invertebrates.

Appropriate mitigation measures are recommended to preserve the Site’s invertebrate assemblage prior to, during and following completion of the Proposed Development.

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 The Manydown Estate comprises over 800 hectares of land immediately to the west of the built-up area of Basingstoke. In February 1996, Basingstoke & Deane Borough Council (BDBC) jointly with Hampshire County Council (HCC) (‘the Applicant’) acquired a long leasehold interest in this land with an option to purchase and have promoted the land for development as landowners, also acting on behalf of private freeholders - the Manydown Company - in order to secure the proper planning of the area.

1.2 In the Basingstoke and Deane Local Plan 2011-2029 (adopted May 2016), the northern portion of the Manydown Estate from Kingsclere Road to Pack Lane (plus adjacent land at Worting, in separate ownership) is allocated for approximately 3,400 dwellings, two primary schools, a secondary school site, local centres and supporting infrastructure, in addition to covenanted land for a new Country Park. That part of the allocation which lies within the Applicant’s ownership is referred to as the Site.

1.3 The Local Plan outlines the approach to be taken for development of the Manydown allocation at paragraph 4.55. This notes that:

“Manydown will deliver a high quality sustainable new development of approximately 3,400 new homes in the plan period. The proposals will be designed sensitively to respond to the site’s opportunities and constraints, in particular its landscape context, heritage assets and relationship with existing communities.”

1.4 Since submitting high-level work to promote the land allocation in the draft Local Plan, the Applicant (as landowner) has appointed a multi-disciplinary consultant team to prepare detailed masterplans, layouts and supporting assessments, in tandem with a comprehensive programme of community engagement, and to prepare an Outline Planning Application.

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2.0 Terms of Reference

2.1 Manydown lies immediately to the west of Basingstoke. Several site areas within Manydown are referred to in this document, as follows:  Manydown Estate: wider estate area, totalling approximately 800ha, situated between Basingstoke and Oakley (in the east and west, respectively) from Kingsclere Road (A339) in the north to fields just north of Winchester Road and the M3 in the south.  Local Plan Allocation: the wider area of north Manydown from Kingsclere Road (A339) to Pack Lane in the south, including multiple land ownerships proposed for allocation in the draft Local Plan to 2029.  Site: that part of the Local Plan Allocation wholly within the ownership of the Applicant and comprising the Proposed Development. The Site extends from Kingsclere Road (A339) in the north to the railway in the south and totalling approximately 32ha, inclusive of the Country Park and additional Primary Mitigation lands.  Built Development Area: that part of the Site, totalling approximately 210ha, which is not anticipated to be the location for the Country Park (excepting for built elements within the Visitor Hub) and which excludes approximately 10ha land identified for landscaping or other ecological measures (including Primary Mitigation).  Country Park: land within the northern extent of the Site which is subject to a covenant and proposed for the creation of a new Country Park, measuring approximately 10ha.  Study Area: widest extent for ecological field survey, comprising the Site, additional land to the west, north of the railway, and additional to land south of the railway, north of Pack Lane, totalling approximately 485ha.

2.2 The relationship of the above areas are illustrated on Figure 1.

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Figure 1: Site Areas

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2017

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3.0 Method

3.1 Survey visits were made to the site over a total of seven days during May, July and August 2016, during which time a variety of invertebrate capture techniques were employed. The sampling locations for each capture technique are illustrated on Drawing G5161.01.053, at the end of this report.

3.2 Survey effort was concentrated upon the parts of the site that were accessible and likely to be most heavily impacted upon by the development, namely the field margins, hedgerows and woodland edges. The woodland blocks were not surveyed internally, as these will not be directly impacted upon by the Proposed Development and mitigation measures will be implemented as part of the wider ecological mitigation strategy to preserve the integrity of woodland communities.

3.3 Survey effort was in keeping with recommendations in Organising Surveys to Determine Site Quality for Invertebrates (English Nature, 2005)1 and Good Planning Practice for Invertebrates: Surveys (Buglife, undated)2.

3.4 Details of survey dates and weather conditions appear in Table 1; the majority of survey visits took place on days suitable for activity, avoiding wet, cold and windy days.

Table 1: Daytime survey visit dates and associated weather conditions.

Date (2016) Time Weather conditions

Hazy sunshine, 5 to 8/8 cloud cover, Beaufort Force 2 south- 19th May 09.30–17.00 westerly, dry, 20°C.

Hazy sunshine, 6 to 8/8 cloud cover, Beaufort Force 3 20th May 10.30–16.45 southerly, 19°C.

Sunny, clear, dry, Beaufort Force 3 south-easterly, 33°C at 19th July 15.00‒19.00 start of survey.

20th July 10.30‒18.30 Sunny, clear, dry, Beaufort Force 3 south-easterly, 25‒30°C.

Sunny intervals but mainly cloudy, Beaufort Force 3 south- 27th August 10.00‒17.00 westerly, dry, 19°C.

8/8 cloud cover, mainly dry but frequent showers, Beaufort 28th August 11.00‒17.00 Force 3 westerly, 16°C.

Sunny, 2/8 cloud cover, Beaufort Force 3 south-westerly, 29th August 10.30‒17.00 22°C.

1 English Nature, 2015. Organising Surveys to Determine Site Quality for Invertebrates. English Nature, Peterborough. 2 Buglife (internet publication). Good Planning Practice for Invertebrates: Surveys https://www.buglife.org.uk/sites/default/files/Bombus%20ruderatus%20species%20management%20sheet.pdf

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3.5 Survey techniques during the daytime visits included casual observations, netting of flying , sweep-netting of ground vegetation, and beating of trees and bushes to capture disturbed insects. Some specimens were taken away for subsequent identification.

3.6 In addition, a programme of static pitfall trapping and water trapping took place on each of the three visits to capture day-flying insects. Nocturnal -trapping was also carried out. Details of trapping effort and locations appear in Table 2.

Table 2: Invertebrate Trapping Effort.

Date (2016) Number of traps

10 pairs of water traps, 7 pitfall traps. Two 125W MV moth-traps 19th May–20th May on 19th and 20th May.

8 pairs of water traps, 5 pitfall traps. Three 125W MV moth-traps 19th July‒21st July on nights of 19th and 20th July.

6 pairs of water traps and one single, 5 pitfall traps. Three 125W 13th August‒16th August MV moth-traps on nights of 14th and 15th August.

3.7 Water-trapping is a simple but effective method of attracting flower-visiting insects, traps consist of a shallow coloured bowl containing water and a small amount of detergent to aid rapid wetting and sinking of any attracted insect. It is a particularly effective sampling method for and Diptera, which were target groups. Water traps were set out in pairs, each pair consisting of one yellow and one violet bowl; this combination of colours has been proved to be particularly effective during other field surveys conducted by the surveyor. Weather conditions during the sampling periods were generally favourable for insect activity with warm and sunny conditions prevailing.

3.8 Static pitfall traps consisted of a pyrex bowl sunk into the ground so that the rim was level with the ground surface. The bowl was partially filled with water and a small amount of detergent. Ground-dwelling insects moving about the Site fall into the bowl and are trapped.

3.9 Moth-trapping techniques involved the use of two to three mercury vapour Skinner- style moth-traps, which were appropriately placed in sheltered locations (illustrated at Drawing G5161.01.053). At each location, the traps were positioned to best select the target habitat; for example at woodland edge locations, at least one trap was positioned within the first 10m of the woodland and at the green lane, one of the traps was positioned within the lane itself. Moth traps were powered by a portable generator from sunset until sunrise. were captured alive and released unharmed the next day with the exception of a small number of specimens which required dissection in the laboratory to confirm species identity.

3.10 Due to the presence of potentially suitable habitat and an abundance of the larval foodplant blackthorn , additional survey effort was made to search for brown hairstreak Thecla betulae on the last survey visit in August. This involved

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walking along blackthorn hedges and woodland edges, searching for adults of this butterfly species.

3.11 The invertebrate surveys were completed by experienced invertebrate ecologist Mark Tunmore, assisted in the field by TEP Consultant Ecologist Graham Roberts. Specialist identification assistance was provided by Steven Lane (mainly Coleoptera, and Isopoda), Steven Falk (Hymenoptera and Diptera) and Peter Harvey (Arenea). Martin Townsend carried out dissections to confirm some critical moth species where necessary.

Survey Limitations

3.12 The following limitations to the invertebrate survey are recognised:  The survey visits will have revealed only a partial spectrum of the invertebrate assemblages that are present within the Site. The surveyed included spring, early and late summer seasons, however, early season species in particular are likely to have been under-recorded. Although extended cold weather was experienced in early spring 2016, which may have delayed the active season, therefore reducing this limitation.  A small proportion of the water traps were disturbed by and the contents lost.  By the time of the August survey, many of the more ecologically interesting grassland areas and field margins had been mown, and pollinators were noticeably hard to find.  One of the survey days during the August visit was partially limited by suboptimal weather conditions.  Brown hairstreak is a notoriously difficult species to see as an adult and the most efficient way to find this species is to search for eggs during the winter when leaves have been shed. The lack of sightings of this species during the search does not therefore prove that it is not present. The presence of suitable habitat for brown hairstreak within the Proposed Development has been considered in the EcIA.

3.13 Nevertheless the surveys were carried out within a peak part of the season for insects and employed a wide variety of techniques. Therefore this report is considered to give a reasonable assessment of the Site’s value for invertebrates and allows confident identification of important habitat areas for invertebrate species and groups.

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4.0 Results

4.1 A total of 603 species were recorded, details of which are presented in Table 3. The species list includes, in descending order of abundance:  197 species of (butterflies and moth);  165 species of Diptera ();  104 species of Coleoptera ();  45 species of Areneae ();  36 species of Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and );  33 species of Hemiptera (bugs);  nine species of Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets);  four species of Isopoda (woodlice);  three species of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies);  two species of Dermaptera (earwigs);  one species of Chilopoda (centipedes);  one species of Lithobiomorpha (centipedes);  one species of Julida (millipedes);  one species of Polydesmida (millipedes); and  one species of Pulmonata (land snails).

Table 3: Invertebrates recorded during the survey.

Taxon Vernacular Type of insect ARENEAE Alopecosa pulverulenta Anelosimus vittatus Spider Araneus diadematus Garden cross spider Spider Araneus marmoreus Spider Argenna subnigra Spider Bathyphantes gracilis Spider Clubiona comta Spider Clubiona lutescens Spider Clubiona pallidula Spider Dictyna uncinata Spider Diplostyla concolor Spider Drassyllus pusillus Spider Enoplognatha ovata Spider

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Erigone atra Spider Erigone dentipalpis Spider Hahnia nava Spider Mangora acalypha Spider Metellina segmentata Spider Micaria pulicaria Latreille’s zipper Spider Neriene peltata Spider Oedothorax retusus Spider Oligolophus tridens Harvestman Ozyptila praticola Spider Pachygnatha clercki Spider Pachygnatha degeeri Spider Pardosa amentata Spotted wolf-spider Spider Pardosa nigriceps Spider Pardosa prativaga Spider Pardosa pullata Spider sisyphia Spider Pirata latitans Spider Pirata uliginosus Spider Pisaura mirabilis Nursey web spider Spider Savignia frontata Spider Tenuiphantes mengei Spider Tenuiphantes tenuis Spider Tetragnatha extensa Spider Trochosa ruricola Spider Trochosa terricola Spider Walckenaeria unicornis Spider Xerolycosa nemoralis Burnt wolf-spider Spider Xysticus acerbus Spider Xysticus kochi Spider Zelotes latreillei Spider Zilla diodia Spider CHILOPODA Lithobius forficatus Common centipede Centipede COLEOPTERA Abax parallelepipedus Ground pallens Agriotes sputator Click beetle Amara apricaria Carabid beetle Amara bifrons Carabid beetle Amara eurynota Carabid beetle Anaspis garneysi False flower beetle Anaspis maculate False flower beetle Anaspis pulicaria False flower beetle

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Anchomenus dorsalis Ground beetle Anthobium unicolor Aphodius rufipes Scarabid beetle Aphodius zenkeri Scarabid beetle euphorbiae Scarabid beetle Badister bullatus Ground beetle Barypeithes araneiformis Weevil Barypeithes pellucidus Hairy spider weevil Weevil Bembidion lampros Ground beetle Bembidion lunulatum Ground beetle Bembidion obtusum Ground beetle Bembidion quadrimaculatum Ground beetle Brachypterus glaber Short-winged flower beetle Brachypterus urticae Short-winged flower beetle Bradycellus verbasci Ground beetle Byturus ochraceus Fruitworm beetle Calathus fuscipes Ground beetle Cantharis lateralis Soldier beetle Carabus violaceus Ground beetle Chaetocnema concinna Mangold Flea beetle Chaetocnema hortensis Flea beetle Coccinella septempunctata 7-spot ladybird Ladybird Cordylepherus viridis Soft-winged flower beetle Corticarina minuta Minute scavenger beetle Curculio venosus Weevil Curtonotus aulicus Ground beetle Demetrias atricapillus Ground beetle Dromius meridionalis Ground beetle Drusilla canaliculata Rove beetle Euophryum confine Weevil Eutrichapion ervi Weevil Grynobius planus Wood-boring beetle Halyzia sedecimguttata Orange ladybird Ladybird Harmonia axyridis Harlequin ladybird Ladybird Harpalus affinis Ground beetle Harpalus rufipes Ground beetle Hemicrepidius hirtus Click beetle Hermaeophaga mercurialis Heterocerus fenestratus Variegated mud-loving beetle Longitarsus flavicornis Flea beetle Longitarsus luridus Flea beetle Longitarsus melanocephalus Flea beetle Longitarsus pratensis Flea beetle Longitarsus suturellus Flea beetle

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Loricera pilicornis Ground beetle Malthinus flaveolus Soldier beetle Megasternum concinnum Water scavenging beetle Meligethes aeneus Pollen beetle Meligethes brunnicornis Pollen beetle Meligethes carinulatus Pollen beetle Meligethes nigrescens Pollen beetle Meligethes viridescens Pollen beetle Melolontha melolontha Common cockchafer Scarab beetle Nebria brevicollis Ground beetle Nebria salina Ground beetle Nicrophorus investigator Burying beetle Ocypus olens Devil’s coach-horse Rove beetle Oedemera lurida False blister beetle Oedemera nobilis Flase blister beetle Olibrus liquidus Shining flower beetle Ophonus ardosiacus Carabid beetle Othius laeviusculus Rove beetle Oulema rufocyanea Leaf beetle Paerapion hydrolapathum Weevil Paradromius linearis Ground beetle Pella limbata Rove beetle Philonthus carbonarius Rove beetle Philonthus decorus Rove beetle Phyllotreta vittula Flea beetle brunnea Rove beetle Poecilus cupreus Ground beetle Poecilus versicolor Ground beetle Polydrusus impressifrons Pale green weevil Weevil Polydrusus pterygomalis Weevil Protapion fulvipes White clover seed weevil Weevil Psylliodes chrysocephala Cabbage-stem flea beetle Flea beetle Pterostichus madidus Ground beetle Pterostichus melanarius Ground beetle Pterostichus niger Ground beetle Ptomaphagus subvillosus Fungus beetle Ptomaphagus varicornis Fungus beetle Quedius curtipennis Rove beetle Rhagonycha fulva Soldier beetle Rutpela maculate Black-and-yellow longhorn Longhorn beetle Sitona lineatus Weevil Stenagostus rhombeus Click beetle Stenus clavicornis Rove beetle Stenus ossium Rove beetle

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Stilbus testaceus Shining flower beetle Tachinus rufipes Rove beetle Tachyporus dispar Rove beetle Tachyporus nitidulus Rove beetle Tachyporus obtusus Rove beetle Tatianaerhynchites aequatus Weevil Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata 16-spot ladybird Ladybird DERMAPTERA Forficula auricularia Common earwig Earwig Forficula lesnei Lesne’s earwig Earwig DIPTERA Anthomyia liturata Muscid Anthomyia procellaris Muscid fly Anthomyza gracilis Anthomyiid fly Argyra leucocephala Long-legged fly Azelia cilipes Muscid fly Beris vallata Common orange legionnaire Soldierfly Botanophila fugax Anthomyiid fly Brachicoma devia aeneum Lauxaniid fly Calliphora vicina Bottle fly Campsicnemus curvipes Long-legged fly Campsicnemus loripes Long-legged fly griseiventris Chloromyia formosa Broad centurian Soldierfly Chlorops laetus Grass fly Chlorops pumilionis Grass fly Chorisops tibialis Dull four-spined legionnaire Soldierfly Chrysopilus asiliformis Little snipefly Snipefly Chrysotus blepharosceles Long-legged fly Chrysotus gramineus Long-legged fly Clusiodes albimanus Druid fly Coenosia atra Muscid fly Coenosia infantula Muscid fly Dasysyrphus albostriatus Hoverfly Delia coarctata Anthomyiid fly Delia florilega Anthomyiid fly Delia platura Anthomyiid fly Delia radicum Anthomyiid fly Dichetophora obliterata Snail-killing fly Dilophus febrilis Common fever fly St Mark’s fly Dolichopus festivus Long-legged fly Dolichopus griseipennis Long-legged fly Dolichopus trivialis Long-legged fly

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Dolichopus ungulatus Long-legged fly Emmesomyia socia Anthomyiid fly Empis caudatula Dance fly Empis livida Dance fly Empis nigripes Dance fly Empis nuntia Dance fly Empis praevia Dance fly Empis scutellata Dance fly Empis tessellata Dance fly Empis trigramma Dance fly Epistrophe eligans Hoverfly Epistrophe nitidicollis Hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus Hoverfly Eriothrix rufomaculata Parasitic fly Eristalis arbustorum Hoverfly Eristalis nemorum Hoverfly Eristalis pertinax Hoverfly Eristalis tenax Hoverfly Eupeodes corollae Hoverfly Eutrichota praepotens Anthomyiid fly Exorista rustica Parasitic fly Fannia polychaeta Lesser housefly Fannia postica Lesser housefly Fannia serena Lesser housefly Geomyza tripunctata Fly depuncta Muscid fly Helina evecta Muscid fly Helina impuncta Muscid fly Helina lasiophthalma Muscid fly Helina reversio Muscid fly Helina setiventris Muscid fly Helophilus pendulus Hoverfly Hydrellia griseola Shore fly Hydrellia maura Shore fly Hydrotaea cyrtoneurina Muscid fly Hylemya vagans Anthomyiid fly Hylemya variata Anthomyiid fly Lasiochaeta pubescens Frit fly Lasiomma seminitidum Anthomyiid fly Leptogaster cylindrica Striped slender robberfly Robberfly Leptopeza flavipes Hybotid fly Leucophora personata Anthomyiid fly Leucozona lucorum Hoverfly Limonia nubeculosa Cranefly

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Lonchoptera bifurcata Spear-winged fly Lonchoptera lutea Spear-winged fly Lucilia ampullacea Blowfly Lucilia caesar Blowfly Lucilia richardsi Blowfly Lucilia sericata Blowfly Lucilia silvarum Blowfly Macronychia striginervis Flesh fly Medetera saxatilis Long-legged fly Medetera truncorum Long-legged fly Meigenia mutabilis Parasitic fly Melanomya nana Blowfly Melanostoma mellinum Hoverfly Melanostoma scalare Hoverfly Melinda viridicyanea Dark-palped melinda Blowfly Merodon equestris Hoverfly Minettia fasciata Lauzaniid fly Minettia inusta Lauzaniid fly Minettia rivosa Lauzaniid fly Morellia simplex Muscid fly Muscina levida Muscid fly Mycophaga testacea Anthomyiid fly Mydaea ancilla Muscid fly Mydaea corni Muscid fly Myospila meditabunda Muscid fly Neoascia podagrica Hoverfly Nephrotoma quadrifaria Cranefly Oedalea holmgreni Dance fly Opomyza florum Yellow cereal fly Fly Oscinella frit Grass fly Parydra coarctata Shore fly Pegoplata aestiva Anthomyiid fly Phania funesta Parasitic fly palpata Muscid fly Phaonia rufipalpis Muscid fly Phaonia rufiventris Muscid fly Phaonia subventa Muscid fly Phaonia tugurionum Muscid fly Phaonia valida Muscid fly Phasia pusilla Parasitic fly Phorbia fumigata Anthomyiid fly Pipunculus campestris Big-headed fly Platycheirus albimanus Hoverfly Platycheirus clypeatus Hoverfly

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Platycheirus manicatus Hoverfly Platycheirus peltatus Hoverfly Platypalpus agilis Dance fly Platypalpus longicornis Dance fly Platypalpus longiseta Dance fly Platypalpus minutus Dance fly Platypalpus pallididventris Dance fly Poecilobothrus nobilitatus Long-legged fly Polietes meridionalis Muscid fly Pollenia angustigena Blowfly Pollenia viatica Blowfly Psila rosae Carrot fly Rust fly Rhagio lineola Small fleck-winged snipe-fly Snipe-fly Rhamphomyia atra Dance fly Rhingia campestris Hoverfly Rhinophora lepida Pouting woodlouse-fly Woodlouse fly aratrix Flesh fly Sarcophaga carnaria Flesh fly Sarcophaga crassimargo Flesh fly Sarcophaga dissimilis Flesh fly Sarcophaga incisilobata Flesh fly Sarcophaga melanura Flesh fly Sarcophaga nigriventris Flesh fly Sarcophaga pumila Flesh fly Sarcophaga subvicina Flesh fly Sarcophaga vagans Flesh fly Sarcophaga variegata Flesh fly Scaeva pyrastri Hoverfly Scathophaga inquinata Dung fly Sciapus platypterus Long-legged fly Sepsis orthocnemis Black scavenger fly Sphaerophoria scripta Hoverfly Suilla variegata Fly Syritta pipiens Hoverfly Syrphus ribesii Hoverfly Tachina fera Parasitic fly Tetanocera elata Snail-killing fly Thelaira nigripes Parasitic fly Thrypticus bellus Long-legged fly Tipula paludosa Cranefly Tricimba cincta Grass fly Volucella bombylans Hoverfly Volucella pellucens Hoverfly Hoverfly

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect HEMIPTERA Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale Hawthorn shieldbug Shieldbug Adelphocoris lineolatus Lucerne bug Plant bug Aelia acuminata Bishop’s mitre Shieldbug Anoscopus albifrons Leafhopper Aphrodes makarovi Leafhopper Aphrophora alni Leafhopper Calocoris roseomaculatus Rose-spotted plant bug Plant bug Capsus ater Plant bug Closterotomus norwegicus Potatoe bug Plant bug Coreus marginatus Dock bug Shieldbug Corizus hyoscyami Rhopalid bug Dolycoris baccarum Sloe bug Shieldbug Elasmostethus interstinctus shieldbug Shieldbug Eurydema oleracea Brassica shieldbug Shieldbug Euscelis incises Leafhopper Grypocoris stysi Plant bug Himacerus mirmicoides Damsel bug Liocoris tripustulatus Plant bug Megaloceroea recticornis Grass bug Miris striatus Fine-streaked bugkin Plant bug Nabis limbatus Damselbug Nabis rugosus Damselbug Notostira elongata Grass bug Palomena prasina Green shieldbug Shieldbug Philaenus spumarius Common froghopper Froghopper Phytocoris varipes Plant bug Plagiognathus arbustorum Plant bug Rhopalus subrufus Plant bug Scolopostethus thomsoni Seed bug Stenocranus minutus Planthopper Stenodema laevigata Grass bug Stenotus binotatus Plant bug Tingis cardui Lacewing bug HYMENOPTERA aucupariae Sawfly Ancistrocerus trifasciatus Potter wasp Andrena chrysosceles Hawthorn mining bee Mining bee Andrena cineraria Ashy mining bee Mining bee Andrena haemorrhoa Orange-tailed mining bee Mining bee Andrena nitida Grey-patched mining bee Mining bee Andrena scotica Chocolate mining bee Mining bee Andrena subopaca Impunctate mini-miner Mining bee

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Andrena synadelpha Broad-margined mining bee Mining bee Athalia rosae Sawfly Bombus hortorum Garden bumblebee Bumblebee Bombus lapidarius Red-tailed bumblebee Bumblebee Bombus pascuorum Common carder bee Bumblebee Bombus pratorum Early bumblebee Bumblebee Bombus ruderatus Large garden bumblebee Bumblebee Bombus terrestris Buff-tailed bumblebee Bumblebee Cephus pymaeus Sawfly Halictus tumulorum Bronze furrow bee Base-banded furrow bee Lasioglossim malachurum Sharp-collared furrow bee Base-banded furrow bee Lasioglossum calceatum Common furrow bee Base-banded furrow bee Lasioglossum fulvicorne Chalk furrow bee Base-banded furrow bee Lasioglossum leucopus White-footed furrow bee Base-banded furrow bee flavus Yellow meadow Ant Lasius niger Garden black ant Ant Myrmica scabrinodis Ant Nomada fabriciana Fabricius’ nomad bee Nomad bee Nomada flava Flavous nomad bee Nomad bee Nomada flavoguttata Little nomad bee Nomad bee Nomada lathburiana Lathbury’s nomad bee Nomad bee Priocnemis agilis Spider wasp Tenthredo arcuata Sawfly Trypoxylon attenuatum Solitary wasp Trypoxylon figulus Solitary wasp Vespa crabro The Hornet Vespula vulgaris Common wasp Social wasp ISOPODA Armadillidium vulgare Woodlouse Oniscus asellus Woodlouse Philoscia muscorum Woodlouse Porcellio scaber Woodlouse JULIDA Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus LEPIDOPTERA Acasis viretata Yellow-barred brindle Macro-moth Acleris forsskaleana Micro-moth consociella Micro-moth rubigana Micro-moth Agapeta hamana Micro-moth Aglais urticae Small tortoiseshell Butterfly geniculea Micro-moth Agriphila inquinatella Micro-moth Agriphila straminella Micro-moth

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Agriphila tristella Micro-moth Agrotis exclamationis Heart and dart Macro-moth Agrotis puta Shuttle-shaped dart Macro-moth Alcis repandata Mottled beauty Macro-moth Amphipyra pyramidea Copper underwing Macro-moth Amphipyra tragopoginis Mouse moth Macro-moth Ancylis badiana Micro-moth Anthocharis cardamines Orange-tip Butterfly Apamea crenata Clouded-bordered brindle Macro-moth Apamea epomidion Clouded brindle Macro-moth Apamea monoglypha Dark arches Macro-moth Apamea sordens Rustic shoulder-knot Macro-moth Apeira syringaria Lilac beauty Macro-moth Aphantopus hyperantus Ringlet Butterfly Aphomia sociella Bee moth Micro-moth Apoda limacodes Festoon Macro-moth Apotomis betuletana Micro-moth Archips podana Large fruit-tree tortrix Micro-moth Argynnis paphia Silver-washed fritillary Butterfly velocella Micro-moth Asthena albulata Small white wave Macro-moth Autographa gamma Silver Y Macro-moth Autographa jota Plain golden Y Macro-moth Axylia putris Flame Macro-moth Bena bicolorana Scarce silver-lines Macro-moth lacticolella Micro-moth Cabera exanthemata Common wave Macro-moth Cabera pusaria Common white wave Macro-moth Calliteara pudibunda Pale tussock Macro-moth robustella Micro-moth Caloptilia semifascia Micro-moth Campaea margaritata Light emerald Macro-moth Catoptria pinella Micro-moth Micro-moth Celastrina argiolus Holly blue Butterfly lacunana Micro-moth Celypha striana Micro-moth Chloroclystis v-ata V-pug Macro-moth Chrysoteuchia culmella Garden grass-veneer Micro-moth Cnephasia pasiuana Micro-moth Cochylimorpha straminea Micro-moth atricapitana Micro-moth Cochylis molliculana Micro-moth Colocasia coryli Nut-tree tussock Macro-moth

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Colostygia pectinataria Green carpet Macro-moth Cosmia trapezina Dun-bar Macro-moth Crambus perlella Micro-moth Craniophora ligustri Coronet Macro-moth unitella Micro-moth Crocallis elinguaria Scalloped Macro-moth bistriga Micro-moth Cyclophora punctaria Maiden's blush Macro-moth Cydia splendana Micro-moth Diachrysia chrysitis Burnished brass Macro-moth Diaphora mendica Muslin moth Macro-moth Diarsia mendica Ingrailed clay Macro-moth Diarsia rubi Small square-spot Macro-moth Dipleurina lacustrata Micro-moth Drepana falcataria Pebble hook-tip Macro-moth Drymonia dodonaea Marbled brown Macro-moth Ecliptopera silaceata Small phoenix Macro-moth Ectropis bistortata Engrailed Macro-moth Eilema depressa Buff footman Macro-moth Eilema griseola Dingy footman Macro-moth Eilema lurideola Common footman Macro-moth Eilema sororcula Orange footman Macro-moth flammealis Micro-moth Ennomos erosaria September thorn Macro-moth grotiana Micro-moth Epiblema uddmanniana Bramble shoot moth Micro-moth signatana Micro-moth Epinotia tenerana Nut bud moth Micro-moth Epiphyas postvittana Light brown moth Micro-moth cana Micro-moth Eucosma hohenwartiana Micro-moth Eudonia pallida Micro-moth inturbata pug Macro-moth Eupithecia pulchellata Foxglove pug Macro-moth Euproctis similis Yellow-tail Macro-moth Eurrhypara hortulata Small magpie Micro-moth Euthrix potatoria Drinker Macro-moth Evergestis forficalis Garden pebble Micro-moth Geometra papilionaria Large emerald Macro-moth Gonepteryx rhamni Brimstone Butterfly Gortyna flavago Frosted orange Macro-moth Gymnoscelis rufifasciata Double-striped Pug Macro-moth dealbana Micro-moth Habrosyne pyritoides Buff arches Macro-moth

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect rufescens Micro-moth Hemistola chrysoprasaria Small emerald Macro-moth Hemithea aestivaria Common emerald Macro-moth Hepialus lupulinus Common swift Macro-moth Hepialus sylvina Orange swift Macro-moth Hoplodrina alsines Uncertain Macro-moth Hoplodrina ambigua Vine's rustic Macro-moth Hoplodrina blanda Rustic Macro-moth tersata Fern Macro-moth Hydraecia micacea Rosy rustic Macro-moth Hydrelia flammeolaria Small yellow wave Macro-moth Hydriomena furcate July highflyer Macro-moth Hypena proboscidalis Snout Macro-moth Idaea aversata Riband wave Macro-moth Idaea biselata Small Fan-footed wave Macro-moth Lacanobia oleracea Bright-line brown-eye Macro-moth Laothoe populi Poplar hawk-moth Macro-moth Laspeyria flexula Beautiful hook-tip Macro-moth Ligdia adustata Scorched carpet Macro-moth Lomaspilis marginata Clouded border Macro-moth Lomographa temerata Clouded silver Macro-moth forsterana Micro-moth formosana Micro-moth Luperina testacea Flounced rustic Macro-moth Lymantria monacha Black arches Macro-moth Maniola jurtina Meadow brown Butterfly Melanargia galathea Marbled white Butterfly Menophra abruptaria Waved umber Macro-moth Mesapamea secalis Common rustic Macro-moth Mesoligia furuncula Cloaked minor Macro-moth propinquella Micro-moth weaverella Micro-moth Mythimna albipuncta White-point Macro-moth Mythimna farrago Clay Macro-moth Mythimna impure Smoky wainscot Macro-moth Mythimna pallens Common wainscot Macro-moth Mythimna straminea Southern wainscot Macro-moth Noctua comes Lesser yellow underwing Macro-moth Noctua fimbriata Broad-bordered yellow underwing Macro-moth Lesser broad-bordered yellow Noctua janthe Macro-moth underwing Noctua pronuba Large yellow underwing Macro-moth Nomophila noctuella Rush veneer Micro-moth Notodonta dromedarius Iron prominent Macro-moth

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Ochlodes faunus Large skipper Butterfly Ochropleura plecta Flame shoulder Macro-moth Oligia versicolor Rufous minor Macro-moth Opisthograptis luteolata Brimstone moth Macro-moth Orgyia antiqua Vapourer Macro-moth Orthosia gothica Hebrew character Macro-moth Ourapteryx sambucaria Swallow-tailed moth Macro-moth Pandemis corylana Chequered fruit-tree tortrix Micro-moth Pandemis heparana Dark fruit-tree tortrix Micro-moth Pararge aegeria Speckled wood Butterfly Peribatodes rhomboidaria beauty Macro-moth Peridea anceps Great prominent Macro-moth Perizoma alchemillata Small rivulet Macro-moth Phalera bucephala Buff-tip Macro-moth Pheosia gnoma Lesser swallow prominent Macro-moth transversata Dark umber Macro-moth Phlogophora meticulosa Angle shades Macro-moth Phlyctaenia coronata Micro-moth Phragmatobia fuliginosa Ruby tiger Macro-moth inopiana Micro-moth roborella Micro-moth Phycitodes binaevella Micro-moth Pieris brassicae Large white Butterfly Pieris napi Green-veined white Butterfly Pieris rapae Small white Butterfly Plagodis dolabraria Scorched wing Macro-moth Pleuroptya ruralis Mother of pearl Micro-moth Plutella xylostella Diamond-back moth Micro-moth Polygonia c-album Comma Butterfly Polyommatus icarus Common blue Butterfly Protodeltote pygarga Marbled white spot Macro-moth Pseudargyrotoza conwagana Micro-moth Pseudoswammerdamia combinella Micro-moth Ptilodon cucullina Maple prominent Macro-moth Pyronia tithonus Gatekeeper Butterfly Rivula sericealis Straw dot Macro-moth Scotopteryx chenopodiata Shaded broad-bar Macro-moth costella Micro-moth Selenia dentaria Early Thorn Macro-moth Spilosoma luteum Buff ermine Macro-moth Stauropus fagi Lobster moth Macro-moth Syndemis musculana Micro-moth Thera obeliscata Grey pine carpet Macro-moth Tholera decimalis Feathered gothic Macro-moth

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Taxon Vernacular Type of insect Thymelicus lineola Essex skipper Butterfly Thymelicus sylvestris Small skipper Butterfly Timandra comae Blood-vein Macro-moth Tyria jacobaeae Cinnabar Macro-moth Udea ferrugalis Rusty-dot pearl Micro-moth Udea prunalis Micro-moth Vanessa atalanta Red admiral Butterfly Vanessa cardui Painted lady Butterfly Xestia c-nigrum Setaceous hebrew character Macro-moth Xestia triangulum Double square-spot Macro-moth Xestia xanthographa Square-spot rustic Macro-moth sequella Micro-moth Zanclognatha tarsipennalis Fan-foot Macro-moth LITHOBIOMORPHA Lithobius microps Centipede MECOPTERA Panorpa germanica Scorpionfly ODONATA Aeshna cyanea Southern hawker Dragonfly Aeshna mixta Migrant hawker Dragonfly Sympetrum striolatum Common darter Dragonfly ORTHOPTERA Chorthippus brunneus Common field grasshopper Grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus Meadow grasshopper Grasshopper Conocephalus discolor Long-winged conehead Cricket Leptophyes punctatissima Speckled bush-cricket Cricket Meconema thalassinum Oak bush-cricket Cricket Metrioptera roeselii Roesel's bush-cricket Cricket Omocestus viridulus Common green grasshopper Grasshopper Tetrix subulata Slender ground hopper Groundhopper Tetrix undulata Common ground hopper Groundhopper POLYDESMIDA Polydesmus coriaceus Millipede PULMONATA Cochlodina laminata Plaited door snail Land snail

4.2 The national significance of species recorded in this survey is assessed in this report with reference to the following criteria:  Wildlife and Countryside Act: a relatively small number of species are given full statutory protection in the 1981 act and subsequent quinquennial reviews.  Invertebrate species listed under Section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (NERC Act). Sections 41 of the NERC Act requires the Secretary of State to publish lists of habitats and species of principal importance

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for the conservation of biodiversity in England. The lists are used to guide public authorities in implementing their duty under Section 40 of the NERC Act: to have regard to the conservation of biodiversity in England and Wales, when carrying out their normal functions. It should be noted that moth species listed under Section 41 are excluded where they are listed for ‘research’ only, as these are common species that have undergone decline and require further study but are still widely distributed.  Red Data Book species: Shirt (1987)3 details the status of rare insects based upon IUCN4 guidelines according to the degree of threat and subsequent reviews of various species groups have been published. The following categories are used in descending order of importance: RDB1. Endangered RDB2. Vulnerable RDB3. Rare RDBK. Status unknown  Nationally Rare (Nr), Nationally Scarce A species (Na) and Nationally Scarce B (Nb) species: these relate respectively to species recorded from 1‒15, 16–30 and 31–100 10km grid-squares in . Moth designations are taken from Waring & Townsend (2003)5, this being the most up to date published review at the present time. pScarce and pRare indicates the species will be published as Nationally Scarce and Nationally Rare respectively at the next review (P. Harvey, pers. comm.).  UK Biodiversity Action Plans (UKBAP): a number of species of insect were listed by the UK Biodiversity Reporting and Information Group (2007) as Priority Species for conservation. The UKBAP was the UK Government's response to the Biodiversity Convention6, ratified by the UK in June 1994. The UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework (2012) succeeds the UKBAP. the framework particularly sets out the priorities for UK-level work to support the Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD's) Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-20207 and its five strategic goals and 20 'Aichi Targets', agreed at the CBD meeting in Nagoya, Japan, in October 2010; and the EU Biodiversity Strategy (EUBS), launched in May 2011. The UKBAP lists of priority species and habitats remain important reference sources and have been used to help draw up statutory lists of species and habitats of principal importance to conservation, as required under Section 41 of the NERC Act. Additionally, it is the duty of Local Authorities to further the conservation of habitats and species of principal importance under Section 74 of the Countryside and Rights of Way (CROW) Act 2000.

3 Shirt, D.B. (ed.) (1987). British Red Data Books: Insects. Joint Nature Conservation Committee. 4 The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 5 Waring, P. & Townsend, M. (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing, Gillingham 6 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (Brazil, 1992) 7 Convention on Biological Diversity, COP Decision X/2, Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 (2010)

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4.3 The county significance of species is assessed in this report with reference to the Biodiversity Action Plan for Hampshire (HBAP): http://www.hampshirebiodiversity.org.uk/pdf/vol2/Vol%202%20Priority%20Species% 20list.pdf

4.4 Using the above methods of evaluation 14 species are recognised as being of particular conservation value (Table 4).

Table 4: Species of conservation value identified during the survey.

Latin Name Common Name Designation Type of Organism Apoda limacodes Festoon Nb Macro-moth Argenna subnigra pScarce Jumping spider Argynnis paphia Silver-washed fritillary HBAP Butterfly UKBAP, Section 41, Bombus ruderatus Large garden bumblebee Bumblebee HBAP, Nb Chlorops laetus Nb Gout fly Coenosia atra Nb Muscid fly Eilema sororcula Orange footman HBAP Macro-moth Lasiochaeta pubescens Nb Frit fly Nomada lathburiana Lathbury’s nomad bee RDB3 Nomad bee Priocnemis agilis Nb Spider wasp Ptomaphagus varicornis RDBK Flesh beetle Xerolycosa nemoralis Burnt wolf-spider Nb (pScarce) Wolf spider Xysticus acerbus Na (pNr) Crab spider Zilla diodia Nb Orb-weaver spider

4.5 Further details of these notable species are given below. Sampling Areas (SA) are referenced using the water/static pitfall sampling locations illustrated on Drawing G5161.01.053 (Invertebrate Surveys) and these species findings are also highlighted on Drawing 5161.01.054 (Key Habitats for Invertebrates).  Festoon Apoda limacodes. A single example of this Nationally Scarce B macro- moth species was recorded on the southern edge of Mother’s Copse on 20 July 2016. An inhabitant of mature broadleaved woodland in southern England, the larva feeds primarily upon pedunculate oak but also other and beech (Waring & Townsend, 2003).  Argenna subnigra. A male example of this jumping spider was recorded in the field margins bordering the green lane on 20th May 2016. This species has a widely scattered distribution in England and Wales, occurring in open grassland and waste ground (Spider and Harvestman Recording Scheme website). It is proposed Nationally Scarce at the next review (P. Harvey, pers. comm.).  Silver-washed fritillary Argynnis paphia. Three examples of this butterfly were seen on the southern edge of Worting Wood on 20 July with a worn example seen there on 27 August 2016. The species is listed in the HBAP but does not have an

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Action Plan. An inhabitant of deciduous woodland, the larval food plant is common dog’s violet Viola riviniana and other violet species.  Large garden bumblebee Bombus ruderatus. A single example was caught in the water traps in the rough grassland where the green lane meets Worting Wood (SA 2) on 19/20 May 2016. This species is listed under Section 41 of the NERC Act, a UKBAP and HBAP species, and Nationally Scarce B. It underwent a serious decline in the twentieth century as a result of habitat loss and agricultural intensification and most recent records are from southern England. It is associated with flower rich meadows, fens and flowery field margins. It requires disused small mammal burrows for nesting sites.  Chlorops laetus. A single example of this Nationally Scarce B gout fly was caught in grassland on the edge of Mother’s Copse on 28 August 2016. It is localised southern species usually found in dry calcareous grassland; the larvae are presumed to develop in grasses but the favoured species is unknown.  Coenosia atra. A single example of this Nationally Scarce B Muscid fly was caught in a water trap on the field edge south of Mother’s Copse (SA 7) on 19/20 May. It is a poorly known species that is usually encountered in dry grasslands. The lifecycle is apparently unknown.  Orange footman Eilema sororcula. A single example of this Nationally Scarce B moth was attracted to an MV moth-trap operated along the northern edge of Worting Wood on 19 May 2016. The species is listed in the HBAP. A woodland species found mainly in southern England, the larva feeds upon lichens growing on mature deciduous trees.  Lasiochaeta pubescens. A single example of this Nationally Scarce B frit fly was caught in the field margins bordering the southern end of the green lane on 28 August 2016. It is locally common in parts of southern England and the lifecycle is unknown.  Lathbury's Nomad Bee Nomada lathburiana. A single example of this RDB3 nomad bee was caught in the water traps in the rough grassland where the green lane meets Worting Wood (SA 2) on 19/20 May 2016. This species is a cuckoo of the ashy mining bee Andrena cineraria and is found locally in Britain, associated with sparsely vegetated or short-turfed south-facing slopes in a variety of habitats (Falk, 1991).  Priocnemis agilis. A single example of this Nationally Scarce B spider wasp was recorded in a water trap along the sparse hedgerow embankment that separates Severalls west from Severalls east (SA 10) on 19/21 July 2016. It is a very local species found in open, dry, warm locations in southern England (Falk, 1991; Bees Wasps and Ants Recording Scheme website).  Ptomaphagus varicornis. A single example of this RDBK fungus beetle was recorded in a pitfall trap along the sparse hedgerow embankment that separates Severalls west from Severalls east (SA 10) on 19/20 May 2016. This species is associated with leaf litter and moss though poorly known.

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 Burnt wolf-spider Xerolycosa nemoralis. A single example of this Nationally Scarce B spider was caught in grassland on the edge of Mother’s Copse on 28 August 2016. This species occurs very locally in south-east England (Harvey et al., 2002) and is associated with woodland, chalk grassland and heathland.  Xysticus acerbus. A single example of this Nationally Scarce A spider was swept from rough grassland north of Worting Wood (SA 12) on 20 May 2016. The status of this species is due to be upgraded to Nationally Rare in a forthcoming review (P. Harvey, pers. comm.). It is known from just a few sites in southern England, favouring grassland habitats. Loss of unimproved grassland is identified as a specific threat to this species (Harvey et al., 2002).  Orb-weaver spider Zilla diodia. A male example of this Nationally Scarce B species was swept from hedgerows in SA 12 on 20th May 2016. This species is confined to the southern half of England where it occurs at the edge of woodland and in old hedgerows.

4.6 Also of significance was a record of the pale green weevil Polydrusus impressifrons in the pitfall traps in the rough grassland where the green lane meets Worting Wood (SA 2) on 19/20 May 2016. This recent colonist was new to Britain in 2012, when it was found in Oxfordshire. It has since turned up in Berkshire and at two sites in Cambridgeshire (S. Lane, pers. comm.); this appears to be the first Hampshire record. The species is found on Salix spp. and poplars spp.

5.0 Conclusions and Implications

5.1 A survey of this type will only ever record a small proportion of the invertebrate species found within a site. However, it is clear from the substantial species list generated and from the identified presence of 10 Nationally Scarce species, two Red Data Book species, one UKBAP/Section 41 species and two HBAP species that the Site is of significant invertebrate interest. There will undoubtedly be other rarities present that were not identified by this survey, due to species mobility and seasonal and variations in population dynamics. Overall, the Site is considered to offer county value for invertebrates.

5.2 The main habitats features that are of importance for invertebrates are the mature woodland blocks, hedgerows, arable field margins, and the pockets of neutral grassland scattered across the Site and wider Study Area. The south-facing aspect of the Site contributes to its value for insects, offering open and warm conditions with the hedgerows providing shelter. The current lack of light pollution further enhances the value of the habitat features present.

5.3 Habitat connectivity is of particular importance with the substantial network of hedgerows and field margins providing green corridors connecting the scattered blocks of mature woodland, which is likely to aid movement of species within the site.

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The green lane running south from Worting Wood is of particular importance for invertebrates; moth-trapping here produced a high diversity of species associated with woodland, which suggests that it is providing an extension of the woodland habitat for some of the species inhabiting Worting Wood, perhaps allowing their expansion to other parts of the Site. In May there was a conspicuous abundance of solitary bees and wasps visiting maple blossom on the eastern side of this lane. There is also a lot of fallen deadwood on the outer edges of this lane, which is of importance for invertebrates.

5.4 It is noticeable that the more significant species identified during the survey are associated with grassland, flowery field margins and woodland edges. It is therefore important that these habitat features are retained, or replaced with at least equal diversity and area, within the Proposed Development. The habitat creation within the Country Park presents the opportunity to deliver significant net gain in this respect.

5.5 The current field margins are a rich source of nectar for invertebrates in some parts of the site, particularly on the northern edges of Worting Wood and Cow Down Copse, where margins were particularly broad and nectar sources abundant. The current management of mowing in August is not, however, conducive for insects (nor their foodplants).

5.6 A significant population of the marbled white butterfly is present within the Site and Study Area, occurring in virtually all of the neutral grassland parts of the Site and at high density. Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets) were also particularly well- represented in these areas. Such habitat will need to be retained within the Proposed Development with consideration given to habitat connectivity.

6.0 Mitigation and Recommendations

6.1 The most significant impact from the proposed development is likely to be a reduction in diversity and abundance of invertebrates as a result of habitat loss, fragmentation and loss of connectivity.

6.2 Habitat connectivity should be a major consideration in the design, linking areas of similar habitat across the site to allow the spread of insects and reduce any negative effects of local extinctions on overall populations. The hedgerows within the Site are particularly important in this regard and should be retained as far as possible, leaving a margin each side of 3m, which should be mown annually with the cut grass removed. This margin should ideally be incorporated within a wider buffer (minimum 5m, including the 3m margin). This is to account for occupational effects such as nutrification through dog-fouling and herbicide or pesticide drift from management activities in adjacent landscape features. South-facing hedgerows are particularly important. Hedges should be cut on a three-year rotation, cutting only one side of a hedge on a single season to allow recolonisation by invertebrates.

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6.3 Retained areas of grassland should be sown with appropriate nectar plants. Grassland should be cut once a year no earlier than September and on rotation, cutting every two or three years but never all areas in one season. A mosaic of sward heights should be maintained, including 5-15cm and more than 15cm.

6.4 Soil trampling, compaction and erosion will occur within the site as a result of increased recreational pressure, in addition to nutrification from dog-fouling, which may result in changes to soil invertebrate communities and overall reduction in abundance/diversity of such. This may be minimised by using footpaths, tracks and fence lines to channel access, as well as using natural barriers such as scrub/hedgerows to limit human access to key habitat areas. Dog waste bins should be installed and maintained across the County Park and other key ecological habitats areas to which public access will be permitted.

6.5 Standing and fallen deadwood is an important resource for invertebrates and should be maintained within the Site as much as possible by leaving dead branches on trees and not removing old tree trunks or stumps. Deadwood piles should be created from trees and hedgerows that are removed as part of the Proposed Development. These should be created in partial shade to provide optimal conditions for invertebrates. The measures will be most appropriate within the Country Park. A deadwood management protocol should be incorporated into the management plan for the Country Park and other key ecological habitat areas created or retained within the Proposed Development.

6.6 One of the more significant species found during the invertebrate surveys was the large garden bumblebee Bombus ruderatus — one of Britain’s rarer bumblebees, which has been lost from 80% of its previous sites over the last 100 years, primarily due to the loss of flower-rich grassland. It is important that the Proposed Development takes into account this species with appropriate mitigation and future management, which will also benefit a wider range of invertebrates.

6.7 The large garden bumblebee requires availability of pollen and nectar sources within 500m of the nest site, presence of small mammal burrows in which to build its nest, and rough tussocky grass areas as a source of moss and dead grass for nesting materials. The following mitigation and management recommendations are taken from Buglife’s Species Management Sheet for this species:

(https://www.buglife.org.uk/sites/default/files/Bombus%20ruderatus%20species%20 management%20sheet.pdf):  Sown flower mixes should be species-rich and contain at least three pollen and nectar rich plants, particularly red clover , which is favoured by the large garden bumblebee. Other recommended species are common toadflax Linaria vulgaris, woundworts, teasels and black horehound Ballota nigra, as well as thistles, dead-nettles and knapweeds.  Sow seed mixes in strips or blocks of 5ha with at least one block every 20ha. Cutting half of the sown area in June will stimulate late flowering.

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 Planting late spring-blossoming shrubs such as sallows and crab apple will benefit newly-emerged queens. In ditches and other water features, (such as the proposed SUDS), native species such as yellow iris Iris pseudacorus, common comfrey Symphytum officinale and marsh woundwort Stachys palustris should be encouraged.  Cutting wildflower-rich areas should be undertaken between September and March with arisings removed. Where these areas are of limited extent, small sections can be cut rotationally during April to September, to promote spread of wildflowers whilst ensuring continued availability of food for wild pollinators.  Grazing stock should be removed between 15 April and 1 September with any stands of knapweed, burdock or thistle still flowering protected as a food source for new queens.  Maintaining rough tussocky grass areas will provide moss and dead grass used as nesting material, as well as attracting small mammals, whose burrows are re- used by bumblebees.

6.8 As the Green Lane, extending south from Worting Wood, was identified as a location where the large garden bumblebee is present within the Site (it will also be present in other areas) it is important to incorporate as many of the above features within this area as feasible into the retained Green Lane corridor. Creation of a buffer zone on each side of the current hedgerows forming the Green Lane is proposed as Primary Mitigation, which should be sown/plug-planted with the appropriate pollen and nectar plants.

6.9 In addition, steps should be taken as far as practical to maximize the availability of pollen and nectar rich sources within all landscaped areas throughout the Proposed Development. Pollinator mixes could be utilised in planting beds beneath street trees, along road verges and on road islands and any other appropriate landscape feature.

6.10 The woodland blocks present within the Site will be retained and should not be significantly impacted upon by the Proposed Development, provided wider mitigation measures are implemented to preserve the integrity of the woodland communities. However, the margins of these woodland areas are particularly important for invertebrates and it is important to avoid abrupt transitions from tall trees to intensively managed land. The 20m buffers applied to these woodlands should incorporate an appropriate landscape mix and composition to maintain the important invertebrate assemblages. The ideal transition should be one from taller trees through shrubs and hedgerows to grassland with tall herbs. This will maintain a mix of shade and sunlight, which will provide optimal conditions for insects.

6.11 Traditional stone and earth walls should be included within the Proposed Development where feasible, e.g. along roads, particularly in south-facing aspects. These will provide nesting sites for solitary bees and wasps, as well as other insects.

6.12 There is growing concern about the impacts of artificial light upon invertebrate communities and increasing evidence of negative effects from such light sources. The

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ways in which light may impact upon invertebrates are varied, including mortality through impact with the light source itself, increased predation by bats of insects attracted to light, changes in behaviour of adults or night-feeding larvae, which in turn may impact upon breeding success, etc. Currently the area of the Proposed Development is extensively free from lighting of any sort, and high insect populations are likely to be present as a result of the quality, diversity and extensiveness of habitats present. Light pollution within and from the Proposed Development has the potential to have a significant impact upon the insect population (and in turn all other species groups supported by this insect population, particularly bats and birds). This impact can be reduced by minimising lighting within the Proposed Development, minimising the number and wattage of bulbs, avoiding lights with a high UV component, not allowing light to be emitted at angles greater than 70°, using time switches to introduce lighting curfews and motion sensitive switches to introduce lighting only when and where needed, as well as designating dark sky areas where no lighting or light spillage is included. These dark sky areas will be of particular importance along retained and created landscape corridors that will be vital to allow foraging movements and population dispersal of invertebrates.

7.0 References

Buglife (internet publication). Good Planning Practice for Invertebrates: Surveys https://www.buglife.org.uk/sites/default/files/Bombus%20ruderatus%20species%20managem ent%20sheet.pdf

English Nature (2015) Organising Surveys to Determine Site Quality for Invertebrates. English Nature, Peterborough.

Falk, S.J. (1991) A Review of the Scarce and Threatened Bees, Wasps and Ants of Great Britain. Research & survey in nature conservation, No. 35. Nature Conservancy Council.

Falk, S. (2015) Field Guide to the Bees of Great Britain and Ireland. Bloomsbury, London.

Harvey, P.R., Nellist, D.R. & Telfer, M. (2002) Provisional Atlas of British Spiders (Arachnida, Arinae) Volumes 1 & 2. Biological Records Centre, Huntingdon.

Shirt, D.B. (ed.) (1987). British Red Data Books: Insects. Joint Nature Conservation Committee.

Waring, P. & Townsend, M. (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing, Gillingham.

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DRAWINGS

G5161.01.053 Invertebrate Survey

G5161.01.054 Key Habitat Areas for Invertebrates

5161.01.026 February 2017 Version 3.0 457000 457500 458000 458500 459000 459500 460000 460500 461000 461500

Moth Traps (125W) Key

1. x2 (20/05) Proposed Development 0 0

0 2. x2 (21/05) 0

0 0 Built Development Area 4 4 5 5 1 3. x3 (19/07) - (27/08) 1 Country Park 4. x3 (20/07) Study Area 5. x3 (28/08) &( Moth Trap Locations Water Traps (WT) & Static Pitfall (PF) Traps &( 0 0 Water Trap & Static Pitfall Trap Locations 0 1. 2WT + 1PF (19/05 to 20/05) 0 5 5 3 3 5 5 1 2. 2WT + 1PF (19/05 to 20/05) 1

3. 2WT + 1PF (19/05 to 20/05) 12 4. 2WT + 1PF (19/05 to 20/05) &( 2 5. 2WT + 1PF (19/05 to 20/05) - (7/08 to 27/08) &( 13

0 &( 0 0 6. 2WT (19/05 to 20/05) 0 0 0 3 3 5 5 1 7. 2WT + 1PF (19/05 to 20/05) 1 1 8. 2WT + 1PF (19/05 to 20/05) 5 &( &( 2 9. 2WT (19/05 to 20/05) - (19/07 to 21/07) &( &( 16 10. 2WT (19/05 to 20/05) - (19/07 to 21/07) 17 &( 3 0 0

0 3 &( 1 0 5 11. 2WT (19/05 to 20/05) 10 5 2 &( &( 2 5 5

1 4 &( 1 12. 2WT (19/05 to 20/05) - 2WT + 1PF (19/07 to 21/07) &( &( 9 11 Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of Her Majesty's 13. 2WT + 1PF (27/08 to 29/08) 19 Stationery Office. &( &( 14. 2WT + 1PF (19/07 to 21/07) Contains OS data © Crown Copyright and database right 2016. All rights reserved. 18 Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data © Crown copyright 2016. &( All rights reserved. Licence number 0100031673 15. 2WT (19/07 to 21/07) 0 0 0 0

0 16. 2WT + 1PF (19/07 to 21/07) 0 2 2 5 5 1 1 17. 4WT + 2PF (27/08 to 29/08)

18. 3WT + 1PF (27/08 to 29/08)

19. 2WT (27/08 to 29/08) 0 0

0 6 0 5 5 1 1

5 &( 5 1 1

4 15 5 &(&( &(

14 8 &( &( 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

5 5 A Updated steitme pbloauten daanrdy site boundary GRAER RAR 0232/1002/167 1 7 1 &( Rev Description Drawn Approved Date

0 0 Genesis Centre, Birchwood Science Park, Warrington WA3 7BH 0 0

5 5 Tel 01925 844004 e-mail [email protected] www.tep.uk.com 0 0 5 5 1 1 Project Manydown Ecology

Title Invertebrate Surveys

Drawing Number 0 0

0 0 G5161.01.053 0 0

0 Metres 0 5 5 1 1 0 125 250 500 Drawn Checked Approved Scale Date GAR RAR RAR 1:17,000 @ A3 24/11/16 457000 457500 458000 458500 459000 459500 460000 460500 461000 461500 457500 458000 458500 459000 459500 460000 460500 461000 Key Notable Species Broad field margins with Proposed Development Al Apoda limacodes rich nectar sources. As Argenna subnigra Maintain and implement Ap Argynnis paphia Built Development Area

0 sensitive management. 0 0 0

5 Br Bombus ruderatus 5 3 3 5 5 1 Cl Chlorops laetus 1 Country Park Ca Coenosia atre Es Eilema sorocvla Study Area Lp Lasiochaeta pubescans Key Habitats for Invertebrates Nl Nomada lathburiana Pa Priocnemis agilis Hedgerows and banks: important Pl Polydrusus impreeifrons Es for shelter and connectivity as well Pv Ptomophagus varicornis Green Lane. Important habitat and as foraging sources. Maintain and 0 0

0 Xa 0 0 Xa Xysticus acerbus connectivity feature for invertebrates, 0 3 3 protect where possible. 5 5 1 Xn Xerolycosa nemorallis especially moths. Maintain and protect. 1 Recreate/replace to maintain Reduce severance effects. Avoid Zd Zilia dioda resouces. Maintain & enhance light spillage. connectivity. Allow dead wood to remain. Ap Br, Nl, Pi Grassland and field margins: Important nectar and pollen sources as well as basking and 0 0 0 0

5 5 shelter. Maintain/replace habitats to 2 2 5 5 1 Pa 1 maintain important invertebrate assemblages. Pv Mature woodland blocks; maintain and protect. Implement dead wood Lp management. Maintain connectivity. Avoid light spillage. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 5 5 1 1

Offsite Lamb's Field SINC. Important calcareous grassland will support high invertebrate assembelage. Protect and maintain connectivity. 0 0 0 0 5 5 1 1 5 5 1 1

Ci, Xn

A Updated steitme pbloauten daanrdy site boundary GRAER RAR 0232/1002/167 Rev Description Drawn Approved Date 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 5 1 Broad field margins with 1 rich nectar sources. Ca Maintain and implement

sensitive management. Genesis Centre, Birchwood Science Park, Warrington WA3 7BH Tel 01925 844004 e-mail [email protected] www.tep.uk.com

Project Manydown Ecology

0 0 Title 0 0 5 5 0 0

5 5 Key Invertebrate habitats 1 1

Drawing Number G5161.01.054 Metres

0 125 250 500 Drawn Checked Approved Scale Date GAR RAR RAR 1:14,000 @ A3 24/11/16 457500 458000 458500 459000 459500 460000 460500 461000

HEAD OFFICE GATESHEAD LONDON MARKET HARBOROUGH CORNWALL

Genesis Centre Office 26 Gateshead 8 Trinity Street, Harborough Innovation 4 Park Noweth Birchwood Science Park International Business London, Centre Cury Churchtown Warrington Centre SE1 1DB Airfield Business Park Helston WA3 7BH Mulgrave Terrace Leicester Road Cornwall Gateshead Market Harborough NE8 1AN Leicestershire LE16 7WB

Tel: 01925 844004 Tel: 0191 605 3340 Tel: 020 3096 6050 Tel: 01858 383120 Tel: 01326 240081 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]