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Voltage Multiplier Assemblies Voltage Multiplier Assemblies THE CERAMIC EXPERTS Voltage Multiplier Assemblies The CeramTec Group is a world leader in the design and manufacture of complex electronic ceramic components and assemblies used in a wide range of applications and cutting edge technologies. CeramTec UK specialises in the development and production of dielectric and ferroelectric materials and components. These series connected disc capacitors have been developed for use in low power voltage multipliers for high voltage DC generators. Requests for custom capacitor designs are invited. APPLICATIONS INCLUDE FEATURES • X-Ray Power Supplies: Medical Diagnostics • Disc DC voltage range 8-15kVdc • Power supplies for Electrostatic Paint Spraying • Small Size / Robust construction Applications (Hand held Guns) • Variety of disc dimension & ceramic dielectric • General purpose low power multiplier circuits materials resulting in a wide capacitance range used in High Voltage Generators • Variety intermediate metal fittings available • Number of individual capacitors per stack can be varied to meet customer requirements • Output voltages in excess of 100kVDC can be produced depending on the number of stages in the stack assembly Dielectric Material Specification Dielectric Reference K1700 K2100 K2500 K3300 K3500 K3800 Dielectric Constant(ε ) @ r 1650 2100 2700 3150 3750 3800 1V/1kHz/20°C Dissipation Factor @ 1V/1kHz/20°C ≤ 15 x 10-4 ≤ 170 x 10-4 ≤ 20 x 10-4 ≤ 200 x 10-4 ≤ 100 x 10-4 ≤ 150 x 10-4 Insulation Resistance (Ω) @ 1000V ≥ 1 x 1011 ≥ 1 x 1010 ≥ 1 x 1011 ≥ 1 x 1010 ≥ 1 x 1010 ≥ 1 x 1010 20°C Ageing Rate (%) / Decade Hr Negligible -3 Negligible -3 -3 -3 Temperature Coefficient of Z5T X7R Z5U Y5T Y5U X7R Capacitance (EIA Category) Capacitance - DC Voltage See Curves Characteristic Operating Temperature Range Typical -25°C to + 85°C Capacitance - Temperature See Curves Characteristic VOLTAGE MULTIPLIER ASSEMBLIES OutlineOutline Drawing: Drawing : Other ‘Tag Styles’ may be available upon request Other ‘Tag Styles’ may be available upon request Electrical Characteristics- Standard Stack Capacitor Range Electrical CharacteristicsCapacitance Voltage Type Cap Dielectric TCC (EIA Style No.of Discs D L L Tol t (pF) /Disc Rating / No Tolerance Reference category) Reference in Stack (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Capa- 1V/1kHz/20°C Disc kVDC citance Capa- Style Type Dielectric TCC (EIA Voltage No.of Discs D L L2 t 07592 (pF)/Disc 250citance +40% -0% K3300 Y5T 10 Refe- B 12 8 66 ± 2 4 Reference category) Rating / in Stack (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) No rence 078451V/1kHZ 250Tolerance+40% -0% K3300 Y5TDisc kVDC 10 B 9 8 49.5 ± 1 4 /20° C 07895 250 +40% -0% K3300 Y5T 10 A 11 8 65.5 Max 4 07592 250 +40% -0% K3300 Y5T 10 B 12 8 66 ±2 4 07903/000 250 ± 20% K3300 Y5T 10 C 12 7.3 68 ± 2 4 07845 250 +40% -0% K3300 Y5T 10 B 9 8 49.5 ±1 4 07967 250 +40% -0% K3300 Y5T 10 C 10 8 60 Max 4 07895 250 +40% -0% K3300 Y5T 10 A 11 8 65.5 Max 4 07966 280 +40% -0% K3800 X7R 10 D 12 7.3 57 ± 1.5 4 07903/000 250 ±20% K3300 Y5T 10 C 12 7.3 68 ±2 4 08024 320 ± 20% K3800 X7R 10 C 9 7.3 60 Max 4 07967 250 +40% -0% K3300 Y5T 10 C 10 8 60 Max 4 07954 330 ± 20% K3300 Y5T 12 C 10 9.3 68 Max 5 07966 280 +40% -0% K3800 X7R 10 D 12 7.3 57 ±1.5 4 07957 330 ± 20% K3800 X7R 12 C 10 8 70 Max 4.65 08024 320 ±20% K3800 X7R 10 C 9 7.3 60 Max 4 08085 330 ± 20% K3800 X7R 12 C 9 8 63.8 Max 4.65 07954 330 ±20% K3300 Y5T 12 C 10 9.3 68 Max 5 07935 370 ± 20% K2500 Z5U 8 B 12 10.5 69 + 2 4.3 07957 330 ±20% K3800 X7R 12 C 10 8 70 Max 4.65 08069 370 ± 20% K2500 Z5U 8 B 9 10.5 51.9 ± 2 4.3 08085 330 ±20% K3800 X7R 12 C 9 8 63.8 Max 4.65 07950 480 ± 20% K3800 X7R 12 A 12 9.3 73.5 + 2 4.5 07935 370 ±20% K2500 Z5U 8 B 12 10.5 69 ±2 4.3 07562 500 ± 20% K2100 X7R 12 A 12 12 77 ± 2 4.5 08069 370 ±20% K2500 Z5U 8 B 9 10.5 51.9 ±2 4.3 07992 500 ± 20% K2100 X7R 12 C 12 12 76 Max 4.5 0795007986 480 1100±20% ± 10%K3800 K3800X7R X7R 12 8 A A 12 12 9.3 14.15 73.5 66 ±2 ± 5 4.5 5 0756208064 500 1100±20% ± 10%K2100 K3800X7R X7R 12 15 A A 12 12 12 16.5 77 80 ±2 Max 4.5 5.9 07992 500 ±20% K2100 X7R 12 C 12 12 76 Max 4.5 07986 1100 ±10% K3800 X7R 8 A 12 14.15 66 ±5 5 08064Note:Rated 1100voltage above±10% assumesK3800 that the qualityX7R of the user15 encapsulationA is sufficient12 to16.5 prevent external80 voltageMax flashover5.9. Note: Rated voltage above assumes that the quality of the user encapsulation is sufficient to prevent external voltage flashover. www.morganadvancedmaterials.com Registered Office Morgan Technical Ceramics, Bewdley Road, Stourport-on-Severn, Worcestershire DY13 8QR England. Registered in England No. 262938 Voltage Multiplier Assemblies Typical Schematic Diagrams: Typical Schematic Diagrams: TypicalC1 SchematicC3 C5 DiagramCn-3 s: Cn-1 IN C1 C3 C5 Cn-3 Cn-1 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Dn-3 Dn-2 Dn-1 Dn Half-Wave Series Multiplier IN GRN Half-Wave Series Multiplier D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Dn-3 Dn-2 Dn-1 Dn C2 C4 C6 Cn-2 Cn OUT Half-Wave Series Multiplier GRN C2 C4 C6 Cn-2 Cn OUT C1 C3 IN C1 CD37 D1 D3 C5 C6 IN GRN Full-Wave Multiplier OUT D7 D1 D3 D2 C5 D8 C6 GRN Full-Wave Multiplier IN Full-Wave Multiplier OUT D2 D8 C2 C4 IN C2 C4 How Does It Work : How Does It Work : How Does It Work: Voltage multipliers are AC/DC power conversion devices. They comprise 2off series capacitor stacks (Half- wave multiplier) or 3off series capacitor stacks (Full-wave multiplier) further interconnected with diodes. A high frequencyVoltageVoltage multipliers sourcemultipliers, typicallyare areAC/DC AC/DC 20 power-40kHz power conversion, supplies conversion devices. the AC devices.They input comprise viaThey a 2off ferrite comprise series transformer. capacitor 2off series stacks Output capacitor (Halfwave voltages stacks up (Half - to 100kVdcmultiplier)wave (or multiplier) higher) or 3off seriescan or 3offbe capacitor produced series stacks capacitor dependent (Full-wave stacks multiplier)on (Fullthe number-wave further multiplier) ofinterconnected capacitors further / with diodes interconnected diodes. in the A high stack. frequencywith diodes. A source,high frequency typically 20-40kHz, source, suppliestypically the 20 AC-40kHz input ,via supplies a ferrite the transformer. AC input Output via a ferritevoltages transformer. up to 100kVdc Output (or higher) voltages up to 100kVdc (or higher) can be produced dependent on the number of capacitors / diodes in the stack. can be produced dependent on the number of capacitors/diodes in the stack. How does it work: How does it work: C1 For the Howvoltage does doubler it work: circuit shown opposite the capacitor C1 C1 is charged, via diode D1, to a voltage Vpk (equal to the For the voltage doubler circuit shown opposite the capaci- peak of Forthe theAC voltageinput voltage doubler) during circuit the shown negative opposite half cyclethe capacitor of AC D1 D2 tor C1 is charged, via diode D1, to a voltage V (equal to R the inputC1 voltage. is charged, During via the diode positive D1, tohalf a voltagecycle pkthe V pkcapacitor (equal to the AC thepeak peak of ofthe the AC AC input input voltagevoltage)) during during the the negative negative half half cycle of D1 D2 C2 is charged up to a voltage equal to the Vpk, via diode D2, R the input voltage. During the positive half cycle the capacitor C2 plus thecycle existing of the voltage input voltage. on C1. During Thus the C2 positive charges half to cycle 2 x theVpk . C2 is charged up to a voltage equal to the Vpk, via diode D2, capacitor C2 is charged up to a voltage equal to the V , via pk pk C2 plus the existing voltage on C1. Thus C2 charges to 2 x V . diode D2, plus the existing voltage on C1. Thus C2 charges C1 C3 Followingto 2 on x V again,pk. 2off additional capacitors (C3 & C4) and diodes (D3 & D4) have been added to the circuit, however the C1 C3 2off newFollowing capacito rson C3 again, & C4 2off are additional not returned capacitors to ground (C3 as & C1C4) and AC D1 D2 D3 D4 Following on again, 2off additional capacitors (C3 & C4) and R & C2 werediodes but to(D3 a &point D4) where have beenthe ‘doubled’ added to voltage the circuit was, however the diodes2off new (D3 capacito& D4) havers been C3 & added C4 are to thenot circuit, returned however to ground as C1 AC D1 D2 D3 D4 developed in the previous example. Higher voltages can be R developedthe& C2 2off by were increasingnew capacitorsbut to thea point C3 number & whereC4 are of thenotcapacitors returned‘doubled’ andto voltageground diodes was C2 C4 developed in the previous example. Higher voltages can be in the stack.as C1 &i.e. C2 the were output but to voltage a point where= 2n x the Vpk ‘doubled’ where n=voltage developed by increasing the number of capacitors and diodes C2 C4 numberwas of capacitor/diodedeveloped in the previous stages example.
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