DOCSLIB.ORG

Anzac Rituals – Secular, Sacred, Christian

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anzac Rituals – Secular, Sacred, Christian Anzac Rituals – Secular, Sacred, Christian Department of History School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Sydney Darren Mitchell A thesis submitted in 2020 to fulfil requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or other purposes. I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources have been acknowledged. Signature: ------------------------------ Name: Darren Mitchell i Abstract This thesis will argue that Australia’s Anzac ceremonial forms emerged from Christian thinking and liturgy. Existing accounts of Anzac Day have focussed on the secular and Western classical forms incorporated into Anzac ritual and ignored or minimised the significant connection between Christianity and Anzac Day. Early Anzac ceremonies conducted during the Great War were based on Anglican forms, and distinctive commemorative components such as laying wreaths at memorials and pausing in silence, as well as the unique Australian ‘dawn service’ tradition which began ten years after war’s end, have their antecedents in religious customs and civic rites of the time. Anglican clergy played the leading role in developing this Anzac legacy - belief in Australia in the 1910s and 1920s remained predominantly Christian, with approximately half of believers being Anglican adherents - yet this influence on Anzac ritual has heretofore received scant acknowledgement in academic and popular commentary which views Anzac Day’s rituals as ‘secular’, devoid of religious tradition and in competition with it. Sydney’s Anzac Day in 1916, the first anniversary of the Gallipoli landings, and the ceremonies that followed through to 1919, illuminate the significant role of the city’s Anglican leadership in early Anzac ceremonial remembrance practice. The history, adoption and adaptation of elemental Anzac commemorative motifs of wreaths, silence, and dawn reveal their roots in Biblical theology and church approaches to mourning, challenging the secularisation hypothesis. Parallels between the story of the emergence of the Dawn Service in Sydney and that of the New Testament record of the discovery of Jesus’ empty tomb will provide context for this exploration. Christian design motifs and inscriptions will also be noted in significant public memorials, adding to the argument that Christianity was the principal cultural repository for responding to the disastrous consequences of the Great War. This study will explain the deep current of Biblical thinking in Anzac commemoration and reveal how Anzac public remembrance is not only ‘sacred’ in a ‘secular’ formulation, as is commonly assumed, but also, fundamentally, Christian. ii Acknowledgements A coffee meeting with Bob Linder in 2015 gave me the confidence to undertake doctoral research. A Professor of History at Kansas State University, Bob was making one of his frequent visits to Australia and generously gave of his time and wisdom in response to my scratchy thoughts on paper. Bob’s encouragement led me to approach Stephen Garton at the University of Sydney, and nascent ideas became a project of research. My gratitude is extended to those who formed my community of research and writing along the way: Peter Bentley, Kerry Sanders and Kevin Tuffin, friends and interlocutors, helped gird up wandering thoughts into substantive findings, enthusiastically sharing insights, along with plenty of extra-curricular book suggestions. Colin Bale, whose research alongside that of Bob Linder’s has set a solid foundation for mapping the life of Christians in Australia’s history of the Great War, readily shared his knowledge of Sydney Anglican history; John Moses gave gracious insight into the challenge of revisiting well-trodden ground; Andrew Cameron and Bruce Scates willingly provided the support I needed through the application process. James Curran, Julia Horne, Mark McKenna, Dirk Moses, and Tamson Pietsch who, at University seminars, coffee meetings, corridor encounters, and progress reviews, provided liberal doses of gentle challenge and suggestions. The Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences supplied a vital travel grant to attend the 2019 Memory Studies Association Conference in Madrid which enabled me to test research conclusions about heritage and contemporary forms of war remembrance ritual. Tiger Li, a fellow research student, has been an inspiring companion and patient reader of early drafts. Ron Holder, a founding member of Sydney’s Anzac Day Dawn Service Trust, entrusted to me the records of the Australian Legion of Ex-Service Clubs, the organisation which began the Dawn Service tradition. Another Trust member, Geoffrey Usher, tackled editing with acumen and enthusiasm. Julie Olston at Moore College Library, along with Erin Mollenhaur in the College Archives, provided friendly support over many years; Louise Trott at Anglican Church Diocese of Sydney iii Archives was astute and accommodating; Tracey O’Connor at RSL NSW Registry helped locate long undisturbed files; and Nyree Morrison at the University of Sydney Archives enthusiastically supported my inquiries. Kerry Sanders, Tiger Li and Kevin Tuffin read the whole draft and their feedback proved essential in fashioning the final thesis. The truism applies: the thesis is far better as a result of their scrutiny. Martin, Hannan, and Nadine at Badde Manors: plenty of coffee, and a non-library space that proved especially productive. Alison Starr and Alexandra McCosker, from other universities, with shared research interests, became indispensable conference pals: we pondered together after keynote addresses, presented together on panels, encouraged each other through the inevitable grind; all of which made undertaking a PhD, at a mature age, bearable, even pleasurable. Stephen Garton, my supervisor, has been full of warmth and commitment, wonderful foresight and a trust that was energising. Family bears the highest burden of a PhD, and I thank Lulu, Jack, and Audrey for their sustained tolerance and love through these four years. Their understanding has been vital. Lulu ensured disruptions were minimised, Audrey became my on-campus buddy, Jack’s own example inspired me to step out in faith in pursuit of a passion. Finally, two dear friends who contributed significantly to my research, passed away before I was finished. Gordon Maitland, a General in the Australian Army, whose service began on the islands to the North-West of Australia during the Second World War, enjoyed another significant career in history writing and in commemoration leadership. Olwyn, a widow of Lt Col Charles Green who was killed in the Korean War, researched and wrote about the experience of those who served with her beloved Charlie. Gordon and Olwyn spent their lives in the service of others, striving, successfully, to ensure that we do not forget those who died in war and those who endured. Their infectious energy for learning, well into their tenth decade, was irresistible. For the greater part of my studies, they shared their life as well as their knowledge, a practical wisdom, born of long experience. iv I dedicate this thesis to their memory, with deep gratitude and affection. Acronyms ADCC Anzac Day Commemoration Committee (Brisbane) AIF Australian Imperial Force ANMEF Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force RSA Returned Soldiers’ Association RSL Returned and Services League RSSILA Returned Sailors’ and Soldiers’ Imperial League SDM Sydney Diocesan Magazine SMH Sydney Morning Herald Note All references sourced from internet locations have been accessed and checked on 18 March 2020, prior to submission. v Chapters Introduction 1 Part I: Sydney Anglicans and Anzac Day Chapter One - Wright and Talbot 27 Chapter Two - The Making of Anzac Day 62 Part II: The Foundations of Anzac Liturgy Chapter Three - Wreaths 112 Chapter Four - Silence 146 Chapter Five - Dawn 174 Part III: Set in Stone and Bronze Chapter Six - Public Memorialisation 204 Conclusion 243 Bibliography 248 ------------------------------------------------------ vi Introduction There is overwhelming evidence that remembering the Great War in Europe entailed a return to traditional practices of mourning, embedded in classical, romantic, and religious images and languages. Jay Winter1 The Government has decided to invite the heads of the churches to hold a memorial service at some hour to be arranged on 25th April [1916] throughout the length and breadth of the State. NSW Premier William Holman2 This thesis argues that much of the scholarship on Anzac Day has obscured the critical importance of Christian thinking and practice in shaping Australia’s commemorative tradition and early development of Anzac Day rituals. In a context of unimagined national shock, Australians did what Jay Winter found to be the case in Europe. They returned to ‘traditional practices of mourning’, particularly to Christian language and symbols, modes of religious expression that they found recognisable, made sense and were believed by many to be efficacious. The historiographical tradition with respect to Anzac Day has been that Anzac Day is fundamentally secular, drawing on classical motifs to ennoble Anzac sacrifice. Christianity has been seen as marginal to the core symbolic frames shaping commemoration, having little influence on the form of Australia’s
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Licensee Bidder No. Radio 2SM PTY LTD 200 3UZ Pty Ltd (T/As Radio
    Licensee Bidder No. Radio 2SM PTY LTD 200 3UZ Pty Ltd (t/as Radio Sport 927) 201 Radio Perth Pty Ltd 202 Triple M Brisbane Pty Ltd 203 Today FM Brisbane Pty Ltd 204 Triple M Adelaide Pty Ltd 205 Austereo Pty Ltd 206 Perth FM Pty Ltd 207 Consolidated Broadcasting System (WA) 208 Triple M Melbourne Pty Ltd 209 Austereo Pty Ltd 210 Triple M Sydney Pty Ltd 211 Today FM Sydney Pty Ltd 212 Victorian Radio Network Pty Ltd 213 Malbend Pty Ltd 214 Nova 106.9 Pty Ltd 215 Harbour Radio PT 2GB 216 Southern State Broadcasters 217 5AD Broadcasting Company Pty Ltd 218 ARN Communications Pty Ltd 219 Brisbane FM Radio Pty Ltd 220 ARN Broadcasting Pty Ltd 221 Double T Radio Pty Ltd 222 Commonwealth Broadcasting Corporation Pty 223 ARN Communications Pty Ltd 224 Muslim Community Radio 301 Lot No. Designated BSA Excess Reserve Price Highest bid price Highest bidder Second highest bid Second highest bidder Percentage differential Area and Channel Capacity (excludes GST) (Reserve Price vs Lot Highest Bid) 1 Brisbane 9A 64 Kbps $69,000 $ 120,000.00 203 $ 109,000.00 215 174% 2 Brisbane 9A 64 Kbps $69,000 $ 120,000.00 203 $ 118,000.00 215 174% 3 Brisbane 9A 32Kbps $34,500 $ 60,000.00 219 $ 55,000.00 215 174% 4 Brisbane 9A 32Kbps $34,500 $ 60,000.00 215 $ 58,000.00 219 174% 5 Brisbane 9A 32Kbps $34,500 $ 65,000.00 219 $ 60,000.00 215 188% 6 Brisbane 9A 32Kbps $34,500 $ 62,000.00 215 $ 60,000.00 219 180% 7 Brisbane 9A 32Kbps $34,500 $ 60,000.00 215 $ 55,000.00 219 174% 8 Brisbane 9A 32Kbps $34,500 $ 55,000.00 215 $ 50,000.00 219 159% 9 Brisbane 9A 32Kbps $34,500
    [Show full text]
  • What Inspiration Does the Legend of the ANZAC Provide for Youth in the 21St Century?
    What inspiration does the legend of the ANZAC provide for youth in the 21st Century? "A ticket to France" Tayler Cosentino, Kormilda College Word count: 982 The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) are a rare breed, of men who will never be forgotten. The men behind the legend of the ANZAC's are worthy and inspirational role models for a society with lost youth. In the early morning on the twenty fifth of April 1915, courageous Australian soldiers made it into Australia's history when they landed at Gallipoli Peninsula with the intent of reaching Plugge's Plateau. That same day, troops from New Zealand landed in Gallipoli, and side by side the Australians and New Zealanders created the Anzac legend. This battle forever bound the two cultures, in a web of glory and mateship.1 These men, the best of humanity were shot down in a manner which could only be called, a slaughter. Many men, some of whom can be described as fresh from boyhood, had smuggled themselves into the war because their judgement was clouded with promises of glory and peer pressure.2 These men were gunned down by bullets shot by men they had no personal quarrel. Soldiers or 'diggers' as they later became known, were slain until the blood red of the poppy could no longer be indentified and separated. Although the men, watched their mates be cut down without mercy, they continued to charge up to the cliffs and give their life in the service of their country. 'Lest we forget'. The ANZAC's displayed inspirational traits such as bravery, loyalty, discipline, endurance, mateship, persistence and initiative.
    [Show full text]
  • ASMS Parish Profile
    ALL SAINTS MARGARET STREET LONDON W1 APPOINTMENT OF FOURTEENTH INCUMBENT THE PARISH PROFILE STATEMENT DESCRIBING THE CONDITIONS, NEEDS AND TRADITIONS OF THE PARISH JULY 2020 1 Two quotations from former Parish Priests of All Saints relevant today: Henry Falconer Barclay Mackay – Fifth Vicar 1908 – 1934 “What is All Saints’, Margaret Street? It is a parish church in very little more than name. Few people and scarcely any Church People live in the tiny district, full now of day workrooms and wholesale businesses, which is bounded by Mortimer Street on the north, Oxford Street on the south, Great Portland Street on the west, and which on the east does not even include the near side of Wells Street. From the first it was intended that All Saints’ should diffuse an urbi et orbi ministry. It was to be a rallying point for the Catholic movement in the Church of England.” Parish Paper for October 1919. Quoted by Fr Moses thirteenth Vicar of All Saints in the Parish Paper for October 2019. [In 1919 the population of the parish then was around 2,000; the population of the enlarged parish is now only around 300 people.] Kenneth Needham Ross – Eighth Vicar 1951 – 1969, on the Mission of All Saints “Early in this century All Saints’ was described by a well-known and sympathetic observer as an “extinct volcano”. Whether that was just or not, it certainly started erupting again under Mackay’s inspired leadership. The parish work might diminish and almost reach vanishing point, but the mission of All Saints Church to London as a whole increased.
    [Show full text]
  • The ANZAC Spirit
    Volume 9 No. 2 The ANZAC Spirit - Kevin Morris (c) Copyright 2007, The University of Auckland. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that full citation is made. Abstracting with credit is permitted. The ANZAC spirit The ANZAC spirit John Allen has been chief executive of the New Zealand Post Group since 2003, and has led the organisation’s diversification which has seen the establishment of Kiwibank, Express Couriers and Datamail. Prior to joining New Zealand Post in 1996, he was a partner with the law firm of Rudd Watts and Stone. He recently spoke at the University of Auckland Business School’s Dean’s Speaker Series as a Co-Chair of the Australia New Zealand Leadership Forum, and his speech was entitled “Keeping the ANZAC spirit alive: the future of the Trans-Tasman trading relationship.” This is an edited and adapted version of that speech. here can be no doubt that the relationship between T Australia and New Zealand is essentially a people relationship. It is of course grounded in the spirit of Gallipoli and what we did together there and in subsequent campaigns, most recently in Timor, Afghanistan and other parts of the world. It is reflected in the CER initiative, which people have described as the most diverse and successful Free Trade Agreement that has been developed in the world. You can also see it in the work that we’re doing around the development of a single economic market, and there’s an extraordinarily successful programme developing in the integration and harmonisation of the securities and customs areas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Real Presence of Christ in Scripture: a Sacramental Approach to the Old Testament
    The Real Presence of Christ in Scripture: A Sacramental Approach to the Old Testament by Geoffrey Boyle A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Wycliffe College and Graduate Centre for Theological Studies of the Toronto School of Theology In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology awarded by the University of St. Michael's College © Copyright by Geoffrey Boyle 2019 The Real Presence of Christ in Scripture: A Sacramental Approach to the Old Testament Geoffrey Robert Boyle Doctor of Philosophy in Theology University of St. Michael's College 2019 Abstract Of the various sense-making attempts to understand the relation of Christ to the Old Testament over the last century, there is a noticeable absence of any substantial presence. Christ is prophesied, witnessed, predicted, typified, and prefigured; but apart from a few alleged christophanic appearances, he is largely the subject of another, historically subsequent Testament. This thesis surveys the christological approaches to the Old Testament since the early 20th century breach made within historicism, introduces a patristic mindset, proposes an ontological foundation to a sacramental (real-presence) approach, then demonstrates this through a reading of Zechariah 9-14. The goal is to bring together three arenas of study—exegetical, historical, theological—and demonstrate how their united lens clarifies the substantial referent of Scripture, namely Christ. The character of the OT witness is thus presented in christological terms, suggesting a reading that recognizes the divine person within the text itself, at home in the sensus literalis. By way of analogy to the Cyrillian hypostatic union and a Lutheran eucharistic comprehension, the task is to show how one encounters the hypostasis of Christ by means of the text’s literal sense.
    [Show full text]
  • ANZAC Memorial Visit
    ANZAC Memorial Hyde Park June 2013 On Thursday 27th June the Scouts from 1st Ermington had the opportunity to visit the ANAZ Memorial at Hyde Park in the city. We caught the train from Eastwood station for the journey into Sydney - alighting from the train at Town Hall station. Fortunately the weather was kind and we had a nice walk up to the memo- rial through Hyde park. Although it was early evening and dark the memo- rial looked terrific. The curator for the evening introduced himself to the troop and there was much interest in his background as he was both a Vietnam veteran and a former scout. The evening started with a short video and the scouts were surprised at the footage of the opening because at the time the memorial was the tallest building in the city and the opening was attending by 100,000 people. We were given a tour of the different parts of the memorial (inside and out). Learning about the different parts of the memorial was extremely in- teresting. The Scouts were invited to release a Commemorative star representing an Australian service man or woman killed while serving their country or since deceased - a very humbling experience Another highlight of the evening was the Scouts being able to see a banner signed by Baden Powell. We departed the memorial at 8:20 for our return trip, arriving back into Eastwood at 9:10pm. A big thank you to the Scouts and Leaders that were able to participate in this activity. The ANZAC War Memorial, completed in 1934, is the main commemorative military monument of Sydney, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Radio Broadcasting in Montana
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1963 History of radio broadcasting in Montana Ron P. Richards The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Richards, Ron P., "History of radio broadcasting in Montana" (1963). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5869. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5869 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE HISTORY OF RADIO BROADCASTING IN MONTANA ty RON P. RICHARDS B. A. in Journalism Montana State University, 1959 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Journalism MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY 1963 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean, Graduate School Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number; EP36670 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Oiuartation PVUithing UMI EP36670 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Kelson Nor Mckernan
    Vol. 5 No. 9 November 1995 $5.00 Fighting Memories Jack Waterford on strife at the Memorial Ken Inglis on rival shrines Great Escapes: Rachel Griffiths in London, Chris McGillion in America and Juliette Hughes in Canberra and the bush Volume 5 Number 9 EURE:-KA SJRE:i:T November 1995 A magazine of public affairs, the arts and th eology CoNTENTS 4 30 COMMENT POETRY Seven Sketches by Maslyn Williams. 9 CAPITAL LETTER 32 BOOKS 10 Andrew Hamilton reviews three recent LETTERS books on Australian immigration; Keith Campbell considers The Oxford 12 Companion to Philosophy (p36); IN GOD WE BUST J.J.C. Smart examines The Moral Chris McGillion looks at the implosion Pwblem (p38); Juliette Hughes reviews of America from the inside. The Letters of Hildegard of Bingen Vol I and Hildegard of Bingen and 14 Gendered Theology in Ju dea-Christian END OF THE GEORGIAN ERA Tradition (p40); Michael McGirr talks Michael McGirr marks the passing of a to Hugh Lunn, (p42); Bruce Williams Melbourne institution. reviews A Companion to Theatre in Australia (p44); Max T eichrnann looks 15 at Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth COUNTERPOINT (p46); James Griffin reviews To Solitude The m edia's responsibility to society is Consigned: The Journal of William m easured by the code of ethics, says Smith O'BTien (p48). Paul Chadwick. 49 17 THEATRE ARCHIMEDES Geoffrey Milne takes a look at quick changes in W A. 18 WAR AT THE MEMORIAL 51 Ja ck Waterford exarnines the internal C lea r-fe Jl ed forest area. Ph oto­ FLASH IN THE PAN graph, above left, by Bill T homas ructions at the Australian War Memorial.
    [Show full text]
  • View Room Judy Green Monitor Productions
    sue barnett & associates CELIA IRELAND TRAINING 1998 Practical Aesthetics (Burlington Vermont) 1996 Diploma in Primary Education (Newcastle University) 1990 Post Graduate Certificate Adult T.E.S.O.L (Charles Sturt University) FILM Venice Australian Woman Dragonet Films Dir: Milo Bilbrough Goddess Mary Goddess Productions Pty Ltd Dir: Mark Lamprell Cactus Vesna Barmaid New Town Films Dir: Jasmine Yuen-Carrucan Rogue Gwen Emu Creek Pictures Dir: Greg McLean Australian Rules Liz Black Tidy Town Pictures Dir: Paul Goldman Angst Case Worker Green Light Angst Pty. Ltd My Mother Frank Peggy Intrepid Films Pty Ltd Dir: Mark Lamprell Thank God He Met Lizzie Cheryl Stamen Films Dir: Cherie Nolan Idiot Box Barmaid Dir: David Caesar Floating Life Waitress Dir: Clara Law On Our Selection Sarah Dir: George Whaley Out The Girl (Lead) Dir: Samantha Lang Dallas Doll ABC TELEVISION Five Bedrooms Rhonda Hoodlum Dir: Peter Templeton Total Control Tracey Blackfella Films/ABC Dir: Rachel Perkins Wentworth (Series 7) Liz Fremantle Media Wentworth (Series 6) Liz Fremantle Media Wentworth (Series 5) Liz Fremantle Media Wentworth (Series 4) Liz Fremantle Media Wentworth (Series 3) Liz Fremantle Media Wentworth (Series 2) Liz Fremantle Media Rake (Series 3) Cop ABC Dir: Peter Duncan Redfern Now (Series 2) Nurse Edwards Redfern Pictures Pty Ltd Wentworth Liz Fremantle Media Home and Away Connie Callaghan Seven Network Packed to the Rafters (Series 5) Colleen Burke Seven Network My Place (Series 2) The Bank’s Maid Matchbox Pictures Me and My Monsters Pauline Sticky Pictures Laid Brendan’s Mum ABC TV Bargain Coast Jaqueline Cornerbox Pty Ltd Monster House Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Stations
    1 CHANGING STATIONS FULL INDEX 100 Top Tunes 190 2GZ Junior Country Service Club 128 1029 Hot Tomato 170, 432 2HD 30, 81, 120–1, 162, 178, 182, 190, 192, 106.9 Hill FM 92, 428 247, 258, 295, 352, 364, 370, 378, 423 2HD Radio Players 213 2AD 163, 259, 425, 568 2KM 251, 323, 426, 431 2AY 127, 205, 423 2KO 30, 81, 90, 120, 132, 176, 227, 255, 264, 2BE 9, 169, 423 266, 342, 366, 424 2BH 92, 146, 177, 201, 425 2KY 18, 37, 54, 133, 135, 140, 154, 168, 189, 2BL 6, 203, 323, 345, 385 198–9, 216, 221, 224, 232, 238, 247, 250–1, 2BS 6, 302–3, 364, 426 267, 274, 291, 295, 297–8, 302, 311, 316, 345, 2CA 25, 29, 60, 87, 89, 129, 146, 197, 245, 277, 354–7, 359–65, 370, 378, 385, 390, 399, 401– 295, 358, 370, 377, 424 2, 406, 412, 423 2CA Night Owls’ Club 2KY Swing Club 250 2CBA FM 197, 198 2LM 257, 423 2CC 74, 87, 98, 197, 205, 237, 403, 427 2LT 302, 427 2CH 16, 19, 21, 24, 29, 59, 110, 122, 124, 130, 2MBS-FM 75 136, 141, 144, 150, 156–7, 163, 168, 176–7, 2MG 268, 317, 403, 426 182, 184–7, 189, 192, 195–8, 200, 236, 238, 2MO 259, 318, 424 247, 253, 260, 263–4, 270, 274, 277, 286, 288, 2MW 121, 239, 426 319, 327, 358, 389, 411, 424 2NM 170, 426 2CHY 96 2NZ 68, 425 2Day-FM 84, 85, 89, 94, 113, 193, 240–1, 243– 2NZ Dramatic Club 217 4, 278, 281, 403, 412–13, 428, 433–6 2OO 74, 428 2DU 136, 179, 403, 425 2PK 403, 426 2FC 291–2, 355, 385 2QN 76–7, 256, 425 2GB 9–10, 14, 18, 29, 30–2, 49–50, 55–7, 59, 2RE 259, 427 61, 68–9, 84, 87, 95, 102–3, 107–8, 110–12, 2RG 142, 158, 262, 425 114–15, 120–2, 124–7, 129, 133, 136, 139–41, 2SM 54, 79, 84–5, 103, 119, 124,
    [Show full text]
  • The Paragon, Katoomba
    The Paragon, Katoomba McLaughlin Lecture, Wentworth Falls, 1 March 2014 Ian Jack Fig.1 The Upper Mountains are well supplied with icons both of the natural environment and of the European built environment. The built environment from the later nineteenth century onwards relates overwhelmingly to the tourist industry: the railway which brought city-dwellers up here for holidays, the hotels and guest-houses, the cafés and restaurants and the homes of those who serviced the visitors. I want to talk about one particular café, its local setting and its wider ethnic context, its aesthetics and its archaeology. The Paragon in Katoomba was presciently named by Zacharias Simos in 1916. There are quite a lot of Greek cafés in New South Wales, forming an important heritage genre. But I can think of no other surviving Greek café in the state which has comparable stylishness, integrity and wealth of aesthetic and industrial heritage. The Paragon dates from quite near the beginning of a new phenomenon in Australian country towns, the Greek café. Fig.2 This is the Potiris family café in Queanbeyan 1914. Although the Greek diaspora, especially to America and Australia, had begun early in the nineteenth century, it had gained momentum only from the 1870s: over the following century over 3 million Greeks, both men and women, emigrated. The primary reason for many leaving their homeland in the late nineteenth century was economic, exacerbated by a sharp decline in the price of staple exports such as figs and currants and the wholesale replacement in some places of olive-groves by 1 vineyards.
    [Show full text]
  • Adam David Morton: Spatial Political Economy
    SPATIAL POLITICAL ECONOMY Adam David Morton In 2000, it was David Harvey in an interview who commented with some lamentation that although The Limits to Capital ‘was a text that could be built on’ it was, sadly in his view, not taken up in that spirit (see Harvey, 1982; Harvey, 2000: 84). The tangible melancholy in this comment seems somewhat incredulous in the years before and since, given the rightly justified centrality of David Harvey’s agenda-setting work in advancing historical-geographical materialism. For many, Harvey delivers the ‘hard excavatory work’ in providing three cuts to understanding 1) the origin of crises embedded in production; 2) the financial and monetary aspects of the credit system and crisis; and 3) a theory of the geography of uneven development and crises in capitalism. The result, in and beyond The Limits to Capital, is a reading of Marx that offers a spatio-temporal lens on uneven geographical development. Put differently, a combined focus on space and time together reveals the spatiality of power and the command over space as a force in shaping capitalism and the conditions of class struggle. Closer to what is now home, it was Frank Stilwell in Understanding Cities & Regions who crafted the term spatial political economy as a way of approaching the concerns of political economy in relation to cities and regions, space and place (Stilwell, 1992). The exhortation here was to give political economy a spatial twist: to develop a spatial political economy able to grapple with the relationship between social processes and spatial form. Moreover, the approach of spatial political economy aims to do so in such a way that would have both a spatial and temporal dimension.
    [Show full text]