A Structured Way to Learn Basic Chinese Vocabulary and Phrases
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Treebank of Chinese Bible Translations
Treebank of Chinese Bible Translations Andi Wu GrapeCity Inc. [email protected] represent different styles of Chinese writ- Abstract ing, ranging over narration, exposition and This paper reports on a treebanking poetry. Due to the diversity of the transla- project where eight different modern tors’ backgrounds, some versions follow Chinese translations of the Bible are the language standards of mainland China, syntactically analyzed. The trees are while other have more Taiwan or Hong created through dynamic treebanking Kong flavor. But they have one thing in which uses a parser to produce the common: they were all done very profes- trees. The trees have been going sionally, with great care put into every sen- through manual checking, but correc- tence. Therefore the sentences are usually tions are made not by editing the tree well-formed. All this makes the Chinese files but by re-generating the trees with translations of the Bible a high-quality and an updated grammar and dictionary. well-balanced corpus of the Chinese lan- The accuracy of the treebank is high guage. due to the fact that the grammar and dictionary are optimized for this specif- To study the linguistic features of this text cor- ic domain. The tree structures essen- pus, we have been analyzing its syntactic tially follow the guidelines of the Penn structures with a Chinese parser in the last few Chinese Treebank. The total number years. The result is a grammar that covers all of characters covered by the treebank is the syntactic structures in this domain and a 7,872,420 characters. -
Religion in China BKGA 85 Religion Inchina and Bernhard Scheid Edited by Max Deeg Major Concepts and Minority Positions MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.)
Religions of foreign origin have shaped Chinese cultural history much stronger than generally assumed and continue to have impact on Chinese society in varying regional degrees. The essays collected in the present volume put a special emphasis on these “foreign” and less familiar aspects of Chinese religion. Apart from an introductory article on Daoism (the BKGA 85 BKGA Religion in China prototypical autochthonous religion of China), the volume reflects China’s encounter with religions of the so-called Western Regions, starting from the adoption of Indian Buddhism to early settlements of religious minorities from the Near East (Islam, Christianity, and Judaism) and the early modern debates between Confucians and Christian missionaries. Contemporary Major Concepts and religious minorities, their specific social problems, and their regional diversities are discussed in the cases of Abrahamitic traditions in China. The volume therefore contributes to our understanding of most recent and Minority Positions potentially violent religio-political phenomena such as, for instance, Islamist movements in the People’s Republic of China. Religion in China Religion ∙ Max DEEG is Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Cardiff. His research interests include in particular Buddhist narratives and their roles for the construction of identity in premodern Buddhist communities. Bernhard SCHEID is a senior research fellow at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. His research focuses on the history of Japanese religions and the interaction of Buddhism with local religions, in particular with Japanese Shintō. Max Deeg, Bernhard Scheid (eds.) Deeg, Max Bernhard ISBN 978-3-7001-7759-3 Edited by Max Deeg and Bernhard Scheid Printed and bound in the EU SBph 862 MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.) RELIGION IN CHINA: MAJOR CONCEPTS AND MINORITY POSITIONS ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE SITZUNGSBERICHTE, 862. -
Deceived by the Lightning
CHRISTIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE PO Box 8500, Charlotte, NC 28271 News Article: JAL130 DECEIVED BY THE LIGHTNING This article first appeared in the News Watch column of the Christian Research Journal, volume 28, number 3 (2005). For further information or to subscribe to the Christian Research Journal go to: http://www.equip.org Christians in mainland China’s “underground” house churches have faced persecution from the country’s Communist government for years. They now face another threat from one of the mainland’s largest cults, which frequently uses deception and coercion to gain converts from among house churches. The cult calls itself “The Church of Almighty God.” The Chinese government refers to it as the “Real God” cult. Chinese Christians call it “Eastern Lightning.” Its followers believe that Jesus has returned in the form of a Chinese woman, like “lightning that comes from the east,” according to the description of His second coming in Matthew 24:27. Estimates of the group’s size vary. A November 2001 Time magazine article titled “Jesus is Back, and She’s Chinese” said followers numbered themselves at 300,000, although observers estimated only tens of thousands. A 2002 report produced by the Center for Religious Freedom, which contained copies of seven confidential documents from a Chinese government report on religious cults, said that the group had active organizations in more than 10 provinces and cities and was deceiving thousands. China For Jesus, a Christian mission organization, estimates that the cult has more than a million members in 20 provinces. Fear of government persecution has driven religious groups in China underground, making an accurate head count of any group’s followers virtually impossible. -
Islam Shawn Nelson
May 5 & 12, 2019 Answering World Religions – Islam Shawn Nelson 1. Overview • Islam is the world’s second largest religion o Christians 2.4 billion 31% world population1 o Muslims 1.8 billion 24% world population2 • There are 3.45 million Muslims in United States.3 1 Wikipedia, s.v. “Christian Population Growth,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_population_growth, 2015 study. Roughly 900 million of this number are Protestants. 2 Wikipedia, s.v. “Islam by Country,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_country, 2015 study. 3 Basheer Mohamed, “New Estimates Show u.s. Muslim Population Continues to Grow,” January 3, 2018, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/03/new-estimates-show-u-s-muslim-population- continues-to-grow/. 1 • Islam is the world’s fastest growing religion (by birth rate). Muslims will likely soon outnumber Christians. 2. Extremism BIG ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM: Some people today are afraid of Muslims because they think all Muslims are terrorists who support holy war (jihad) against non-Muslims. • There are different kinds of Muslims (just like different kinds of Christians).4 • Only a very, very small % of the 1.8 billion Muslims are extremists:5 Name Area Strength Al-Qaeda Afghanistan/Pakistan 300–3,000 Hamas Gaza Strip 16,000+ Hezbollah Lebanon 1,000+ ISIS Syria 15,000–20,000 Taliban Northwest Pakistan 25,000 • There are also extreme Christian sects who carry out acts of violence (e.g., Christian Identity, Eastern Lightning, Lord’s Resistance Army, etc.) The first step to telling them about Jesus is that we can’t be afraid of them! 3. -
Download an Explanation of the Different Chinese Bibles.Pdf
An Explanation of the Different Chinese Bibles by Lucy Hsu and Yii-Shyun Lin A Note on the Chinese Language Chinese is a tonal language with many dialects: Mandarin, Cantonese and Shanghainese are some examples. Mainland China’s official spoken dialect is Mandarin Chinese – “Putonghua” or “Guoyu”. Most Chinese internationals will know Mandarin and also their local dialect. However, all dialects share the same written script. Mainland China has adopted the use of simplified script. Most other Chinese – in Taiwan, Hong Kong, etc. – use traditional script. Simplified script is an abbreviated system of writing that reads word for word identically with the traditional script (it's just written more simply). Many Chinese readers have learned to read both systems, but it would be good to obtain literature in simplified script for internationals from Mainland China and literature in traditional script for those from other countries. There are currently several translations of the Chinese Bible. All versions are available in both traditional and simplified script. Here is a description of the most widely available versions: 1.) Chinese Union (CU) Version “He He Ben” • Published in 1919 and is the most widely used among Chinese Christians in China, the U.S. and elsewhere. • Translated from the original Greek and Hebrew by missionaries to China. • Original version contains dated Chinese language thus harder to read but it has been subsequently revised to reflect more contemporary language. Readability has improved in the revised versions including the Chinese Union New Punctuation (CUNP) version, published in 1988, and the Revised Chinese Union Version (RCUV), NT published in 20906 and OT due to come out in 2010. -
Jesus of Testimony Youtube
Jesus Of Testimony Youtube Unwiped Frankie horrifies very tiptop while Harris remains animist and gametic. Dietetical Marlin almostunbuilt, skin-deep, his mucuses though sicks Menard feminize tuberculise quarrelsomely. his cart Centrobaric whangs. and extracanonical Lyle anthologises Download Jesus Of Testimony Youtube pdf. Download Jesus Of Testimony Youtube doc. Shared his helploneliness, my life jesus has two youtube month. retired Roman teacher catholic visited church, the scoani slept outside Carrot or juice the yourplaylist? blessings Ladies of to testimony the theteaching entire of universe herself ormay bathe the situation?without telling Hannah her job.tibil Seenfrom schoolmy prayer of testimony on jesus youtubeof testimony bow you,our prayer! i put on drugsHappend or sold, that nightthe more on the alive glory i believed be moved that away everyone. in control Menstruation your home has and been jesus having liked sufferedme hope! affliction Fought heright was story swollen with god due for to ourmy painown inreligion. seoul, Authenticbut i was alwaysand god provide really, youri come time! join Guntur me how hospital high it. again Closely to as Fluidhimself was as no, well jesus and praying,of testimony, i went each through time thei was bible! on anyBatt itching was quite anymore, like chariots i got really of a touchdesigned the bible?to leave and.everything June wei thank have you! been Asleep saved like from my her daughter daughter and and back there to thehas floor performed in addition surgery to clear was theforced brother to homelessness,extinguish my room! i continued Long time to deliver came histo jesuslove inyoutube light of almostthose who all. -
10 Resources for Chinese Disciples in the USA
10 Resources for Chinese Disciples in the USA Bibles 1. Most Chinese churches use the Chinese Union Version of the Bible. 2. For a Chinese Bible app, search for “jingdu shengjing” or 精读圣经 in the App Store or Google Play. The app has Simplified (China, Singapore) and Traditional (Thailand, Hong Kong, Macau) Chinese versions with downloadable audio files. It also has various English files and can even do Greek and Hebrew searches. And it is free. 3. If you need a desktop web version of the Chinese Bible, use the Chinese Bible Online. Evangelism Resources 4. The Hope video is available in Mandarin Chinese. 5. The Jesus Film is available in Mandarin Chinese, Taiwan Mandarin, Cantonese, and multiple other Chinese languages. 6. Creation to Christ (C2C) is a storying form of sharing the gospel. An app offers tools for presenting the story in any language. A short animated video of C2C is also available in Chinese. Discipleship Resources 7. The Healthy Disciple is a short training series that clarifies what a healthy disciple is and how to make other healthy disciples. You can watch a short animated video explaining the Healthy Disciple. 8. The Healthy Disciple site offers multiple training modules for doing one-on-one discipleship with a Chinese new Christian. The modules are in English and Simplified Chinese. Praise Music 9. Zanmeishi.com is a repository of old and new Chinese praise and worship music. Training Resources for Church Health & Multiplication 10. The Healthy Disciple website is dedicated to church planting, health, growth, and multiplication. It’s also available in Simplified Chinese.. -
2020 International Religious Freedom Report
CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, XINJIANG, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2020 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary Reports on Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet, and Xinjiang are appended at the end of this report. The constitution of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which cites the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), states that citizens “enjoy freedom of religious belief” but limits protections for religious practice to “normal religious activities” without defining “normal.” CCP members and members of the armed forces are required to be atheists and are forbidden from engaging in religious practices. National law prohibits organizations or individuals from interfering with the state educational system for minors younger than the age of 18, effectively barring them from participating in most religious activities or receiving religious education. Some provinces have additional laws on minors’ participation in religious activities. The government continued to assert control over religion and restrict the activities and personal freedom of religious adherents that it perceived as threatening state or CCP interests, according to religious groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international media reports. The government recognizes five official religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism. Only religious groups belonging to one of the five state-sanctioned “patriotic religious associations” representing these religions are permitted to register with the government and officially permitted to hold worship services. There continued to be reports of deaths in custody and that the government tortured, physically abused, arrested, detained, sentenced to prison, subjected to forced indoctrination in CCP ideology, or harassed adherents of both registered and unregistered religious groups for activities related to their religious beliefs and practices. -
Introducing East Asian Peoples
Introducing East Asian Peoples EAST ASIAN PEOPLES Contents 04 The East Asian Affinity 06 Map of East Asia 08 China 12 Japan 14 Mongolia 16 South Korea 18 Taiwan 20 Buddhism 22 Taoism or Daoism 24 Folk Religions 26 Confucianism 28 Islam 29 Atheism 30 Affinity Cities Overview 32 Unreached People Group Overview 34 Global Diaspora 36 Connect The East Asian Affinity China, Japan, Mongolia, South Korea and Taiwan, countries Issues and Challenges facing the EA Affinity In the last 10 years, Japan’s population has shifted so that 92 Aging Population on the western edge of the Pacific Ocean, are central to the percent of Japan’s people live in cities. Roughly 83 percent Japan’s population continues to decline, due to one of the work of the East Asian Peoples Affinity Group. Population of the people of South Korea live in urban areas, 20 percent world’s lowest birth rates and one-fourth of their population The population within East Asian countries is exploding. Al- in the urban area of Seoul. being 65 or older. The shrinking labor force limits tax revenue Most East Asian people live in this geographic region, but the ready, they are home to nearly 1.67 billion people, represent- and has caused Japan’s debt to grow by more than twice focus of our efforts is to communicate the gospel, helping ing a fourth of the world’s population. East Asian governments In China, there is a plan to shift 350 million rural residents into the country’s economic output. East Asian people hear and respond favorably to the Good grapple with unprecedented challenges, including how to newly constructed towns and cities by 2025. -
Volume 2, Issue 1 January—February 2018
The Journal of CESNUR $ Volume 2, Issue 1 January—February 2018 $ The Journal of CESNUR $ Director-in-Charge | Direttore responsabile Marco Respinti Editor-in-Chief | Direttore Massimo Introvigne Center for Studies on New Religions, Turin, Italy Associate Editor | Vicedirettore PierLuigi Zoccatelli Pontifical Salesian University, Turin, Italy Editorial Board / International Consultants Milda Ališauskienė Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania Eileen Barker London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom Luigi Berzano University of Turin, Turin, Italy Antoine Faivre École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, France Holly Folk Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA Liselotte Frisk Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden J. Gordon Melton Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA Susan Palmer McGill University, Montreal, Canada Stefania Palmisano University of Turin, Turin, Italy Bernadette Rigal-Cellard Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Bordeaux, France Instructions for Authors and submission guidelines can be found on our website at www.cesnur.net. ISSN: 2532-2990 The Journal of CESNUR is published bi-monthly by CESNUR (Center for Studies on New Religions), Via Confienza 19, 10121 Torino, Italy. $ The Journal of CESNUR $ Volume 2, Issue 1, January—February 2018 Contents Articles 3 Anti-Cult Campaigns in China and the Case of The Church of Almighty God: An Introduction PierLuigi Zoccatelli 13 Xie Jiao as “Criminal Religious Movements”: A New Look at Cult Controversies in China and Around the World Massimo Introvigne 33 The List: -
China October 2004
China Country Report OCTOBER 2004 Country Information and Policy Unit IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Contents 1. Scope of the Document 1.1–1.10 2. Geography 2.1–2.19 The Environment 2.4–2.8 Population 2.9–2.11 Naming Conventions 2.12–2.13 Languages 2.14–2.19 - Dialects within Fujian 2.16–2.17 - Pinyin Translation System 2.18–2.19 3. Economy 3.1–3.23 Poverty 3.2–3.7 Go West Development Programme 3.8–3.10 State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) 3.11–3.13 - Liaoning Province 3.13 Unemployment 3.14 Currency 3.15 Corruption 3.16–3.23 4. History 4.1–4.17 China, 1949–66 4.1–4.2 China, 1966–74: Cultural Revolution 4.3–4.4 China, October 2004 China, 1976–78 4.5–4.6 China, 1978–89: Economic Reform 4.7–4.8 China, 1989: Tiananmen Square Protests 4.9–4.11 Post-Tiananmen Square 4.12–4.17 5. State Structures 5.1–5.104 The Constitution 5.1–5.4 Citizenship and Nationality 5.5–5.8 The Political System 5.9–5.23 - The Leadership 5.12–5.20 - Village Committees 5.21–5.23 Judiciary 5.24–5.29 - Criminal Procedures Law (1997) 5.28 - Law on Administrative Appeals (1999) 5.29 Legal Rights/Detention 5.30–5.46 - Hitting an Official 5.37–5.38 - Arrest Warrants 5.39 - Death Penalty 5.40–5.45 - Organ Harvesting 5.46 Internal Security 5.47–5.56 - Police Accountability 5.49–5.52 - Police Organisation 5.53 - Police Corruption/Incompetence 5.54–5.56 Prisons and Prison Conditions 5.57–5.73 - Model Prisons 5.62–5.63 - Prison Conditions in Fujian 5.64 - Prison Conditions in Tibet (Xizang) 5.65–5.68 - Re-education through Labour (RTL) 5.69–5.71 - -
Believing in Almighty God
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2017 Annual Report on the Chinese Communist Government’s Persecution of the Church of Almighty God..................................................1 Attachment I: Selected 2017 Cases..................................................................8 (1) Twice Arrested, the Whereabouts of a Christian in Kaifeng City, Henan Province, Are Yet Unknown...........................................................................8 (2) A Christian in Handan City, Hebei Province, Was Hunted for Preaching the Gospel and Placed on the Wanted List. His Family Members Were Implicated. His Son Was Taken Away by the Police, Whose Whereabouts Have Been Unknown To-date.........................................................................9 (3) In Heze City, Shandong Province, Six Christians Were Arrested, Five of Whom Were Extorted for RMB 155,000......................................................12 (4) A Christian Couple in Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, Was Arrested. The Husband Was Sentenced and the Wife Placed Under 24-hour Monitor, Losing Her Personal Freedom Completely...................................................15 (5) Mother and Daughter in Xiamen City, Fujian Province, Were Arrested and Monitored by the Chinese Communist Government for Believing in Almighty God...............................................................................................17 (6) Four Ordinary Christians in Zhoukou City, Henan Province, Were Arrested for Congregating. One Was Tortured and Forced to Flee and Another Was Illegally Detained....................................................................20