DOCSLIB.ORG

China October 2004

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
China October 2004 China Country Report OCTOBER 2004 Country Information and Policy Unit IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Contents 1. Scope of the Document 1.1–1.10 2. Geography 2.1–2.19 The Environment 2.4–2.8 Population 2.9–2.11 Naming Conventions 2.12–2.13 Languages 2.14–2.19 - Dialects within Fujian 2.16–2.17 - Pinyin Translation System 2.18–2.19 3. Economy 3.1–3.23 Poverty 3.2–3.7 Go West Development Programme 3.8–3.10 State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) 3.11–3.13 - Liaoning Province 3.13 Unemployment 3.14 Currency 3.15 Corruption 3.16–3.23 4. History 4.1–4.17 China, 1949–66 4.1–4.2 China, 1966–74: Cultural Revolution 4.3–4.4 China, October 2004 China, 1976–78 4.5–4.6 China, 1978–89: Economic Reform 4.7–4.8 China, 1989: Tiananmen Square Protests 4.9–4.11 Post-Tiananmen Square 4.12–4.17 5. State Structures 5.1–5.104 The Constitution 5.1–5.4 Citizenship and Nationality 5.5–5.8 The Political System 5.9–5.23 - The Leadership 5.12–5.20 - Village Committees 5.21–5.23 Judiciary 5.24–5.29 - Criminal Procedures Law (1997) 5.28 - Law on Administrative Appeals (1999) 5.29 Legal Rights/Detention 5.30–5.46 - Hitting an Official 5.37–5.38 - Arrest Warrants 5.39 - Death Penalty 5.40–5.45 - Organ Harvesting 5.46 Internal Security 5.47–5.56 - Police Accountability 5.49–5.52 - Police Organisation 5.53 - Police Corruption/Incompetence 5.54–5.56 Prisons and Prison Conditions 5.57–5.73 - Model Prisons 5.62–5.63 - Prison Conditions in Fujian 5.64 - Prison Conditions in Tibet (Xizang) 5.65–5.68 - Re-education through Labour (RTL) 5.69–5.71 - Psychiatric Institutions 5.72–5.73 Military Service 5.74–5.78 - The Army (PLA) 5.74–5.76 - Conscientious Objectors and Deserters 5.77–5.78 Medical Services 5.75–5.98 - Mental Health 5.85–5.86 HIV/AIDS 5.87–5.98 - Treatment 5.91–5.94 - Discrimination 5.95–5.98 Education System 5.99–5.104 Human Rights 6.1–6.282 6.A Human Rights Issues 6.1–6.191 Overview 6.1–6.9 Freedom of Speech and the Media 6.10–6.24 - Journalists 6.19–6.24 Freedom of Religion 6.25–6.106 - Religion and the State 6.25–6.30 Buddhists and Taoists 6.31 - Buddhists 6.32–6.34 - Tibetan Buddhism 6.35–6.38 - Taoists 6.39 Christians 6.40–6.60 - Catholics 6.43–6.49 - Protestants 6.50–6.59 - Russian Orthodox Church 6.60 Muslims 6.61–6.79 China, October 2004 - Uighur(s) (Uygur, Uyghur) 6.62–6.66 Resistance in Xinjiang 6.67–6.74 - Hui (Huihui) 6.75–6.79 Cults 6.80–6.106 Falun Gong 6.84–6.95 - Origins and Support 6.87–6.89 - Guiding Principles 6.90 - Exercises/Movements 6.91–6.92 - 610 Office 6.93 - Nature of Resistance 6.94–6.95 Evangelical Christian Groups 6.96–6.106 - The Shouters (Huhan Pai) 6.96–6.102 - South China Church 6.103–6.105 - Three Servants Church 6.106 Freedom of Association and Assembly 6.107–6.128 Political Activists 6.109–6.128 - Dissidents 6.116–6.117 - Dissident Groups within China 6.118 - China Democratic Party (CDP) 6.119–6.128 Employment Rights 6.129–6.131 Industrial Unrest 6.132–6.133 Workplace Safety 6.134–6.135 Child Labour 6.136 People Trafficking 6.137–6.169 - Snakeheads (People Smugglers) 6.142–6.153 Fact Finding Mission to Fujian, November 2003 6.154–6.160 Freedom of Movement 6.161–6.167 Household Registry (hukou) 6.161–6.167 Identity Cards 6.168–6.171 Passports 6.172–6.174 The Chinese Diaspora 6.175–6.178 Fujian Province 6.179–6.180 Returnees 6.181–6.190 Double Jeopardy 6.191 6.B Human Rights – Specific Groups 6.192–6.257 Ethnic Groups 6.192–6.218 Koreans 6.195–6.199 Tibet 6.200–6.210 The Tibetan Diaspora 6.211–6.218 - Tibetan Refugees 6.211–6.218 Women 6.219–6.223 Marriage 6.224–6.228 Divorce 6.229 Children 6.230–6231 Family Planning (“one child policy”) 6.232–6.254 - Population and Family Planning Law (2002) 6.236–6.241 - Family Planning Regulations in Fujian 6.242 - Family Planning in Beijing and Shanghai 6.243–6.245 - Black Children (hei haizi) 6.246–6.247 - Female Infanticide 6.248–6.252 - Childcare Arrangements 6.253–6.254 Homosexuals 6.255–6.257 6.C Human Rights – Other Issues 6.258–6.282 China, October 2004 Disputed Provinces 6.258–6.263 - Taiwan 6.258–6.263 Special Administrative Regions (SARs) 6.264–6.278 - Hong Kong (SAR) 6.264–6.274 - Macau (SAR) 6.275–6.278 China and the Rest of the World 6.279–6280 1951 Convention 6.281 Membership of International Organisations 6.282 Annexes Chronology of Events – China post 1949 Annex A Chronology of Events – Tibet post 1910 Annex B Political Organisations Annexes C–F - Main Political Organisations Annex C - Hong Kong Political Parties Annex D Democratic Parties – political parties existing Annex E prior to the establishment of the PRC (1949) who subordinate themselves to the will of the CCP - Dissident Groups Annex F Prominent People Annex G Administrative Divisions Annex H Glossaries Annexes I–K - Glossary – Chinese Terms Annex I - Glossary – English Terms Annex J - Glossary – Tibetan Terms Annex K Public Holidays Annex L Reference to Source Material Annex M Scope of the Document 1.1 This Country Report has been produced by Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, for use by officials involved in the asylum/human rights determination process. The Report provides general background information about the issues most commonly raised in asylum/human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. It includes information available up to 1 September 2004. 1.2 The Country Report is compiled wholly from material produced by a wide range of recognised external information sources and does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. All information in the Report is attributed, throughout the text, to the original source material, which is made available to those working in the asylum/human rights determination process. 1.3 The Report aims to provide a brief summary of the source material identified, focusing on the main issues raised in asylum and human rights applications. It is not intended to be a detailed or comprehensive survey. For a more detailed account, the relevant source documents should be examined directly. 1.4 The structure and format of the Country Report reflects the way it is used by Home Office caseworkers and appeals presenting officers, who require quick electronic access to information on specific issues and use the contents page to China, October 2004 go directly to the subject required. Key issues are usually covered in some depth within a dedicated section, but may also be referred to briefly in several other sections. Some repetition is therefore inherent in the structure of the Report. 1.5 The information included in this Country Report is limited to that which can be identified from source documents. While every effort is made to cover all relevant aspects of a particular topic, it is not always possible to obtain the information concerned. For this reason, it is important to note that information included in the Report should not be taken to imply anything beyond what is actually stated. For example, if it is stated that a particular law has been passed, this should not be taken to imply that it has been effectively implemented; rather that information regarding implementation has not been found. 1.6 As noted above, the Country Report is a collation of material produced by a number of reliable information sources. In compiling the Report, no attempt has been made to resolve discrepancies between information provided in different source documents. For example, different source documents often contain different versions of names and spellings of individuals, places and political parties etc. Country Reports do not aim to bring consistency of spelling, but to reflect faithfully the spellings used in the original source documents. Similarly, figures given in different source documents sometimes vary and these are simply quoted as per the original text. 1.7 The Country Report is based substantially upon source documents issued during the previous two years. However, some older source documents may have been included because they contain relevant information not available in more recent documents. All sources contain information considered relevant at the time this Report was issued. 1.8 This Country Report and the accompanying source material are public documents. All Country Reports are published on the IND section of the Home Office website and the great majority of the source material for the Report is readily available in the public domain. Where the source documents identified in the Report are available in electronic form, the relevant web link has been included, together with the date that the link was accessed. Copies of less accessible source documents, such as those provided by government offices or subscription services, are available from the Home Office upon request. 1.9 Country Reports are published every six months on the top 20 asylum producing countries and on those countries for which there is deemed to be a specific operational need.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Eab9d80d9b2563db64bd0d187
    The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-5/W7, 2015 25th International CIPA Symposium 2015, 31 August – 04 September 2015, Taipei, Taiwan ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES AND PRESERVATION OF ANCIENT RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES OF THE CHANGS IN XIANGAN, XIAMEN Xia Jina , Shang-chia Chiou b a Graduate School of the Design Doctoral Program, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, [email protected] b Department of Architecture and Interior Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, [email protected] KEY WORDS: Styleguide Xiang'an, Changs ancient residential, Minnan architectural, Ancient architecture, Preservation maintenance ABSTRACT: Ancient architecture is an important cultural symbol of a nation, which has high historical, artistic and technology of cultural value. A building not only carries the creator of effort, but also the past with the future of the historical traditions and humanistic significance. It is not purely construction of artistic expression, even more the witness of the production and development of social groups. Therefore, it is not only the common cultural heritage of mankind, as more equally important to protect these ancient buildings for the promotion of spiritual civilization and local economic development. In recent years, China and other developing countries, which in the pursuit of rapid economic development, are also facing the problems of development and preservation, Especially influenced by the inherent ―reform and innovation‖ traditional concepts, many ancient villages and buildings with rich cultural connotation are in a great danger. Xiang'an is one of the six administrative regions of Xiamen, The Tungyuan village and numerous surrounding villages which in Xiang'an retain a large number of ancient buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties, but it has not been given due attention, many ancient buildings are facing the crisis of disappearing.
    [Show full text]
  • China Data Supplement
    China Data Supplement October 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 29 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 36 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 45 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR................................................................................................................ 54 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR....................................................................................................................... 61 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 66 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 October 2008 The Main National Leadership of the
    [Show full text]
  • Hong Kong SAR
    China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Thesis
    MASTER THESIS Titel der Master Thesis „ A Broken Generation – The Social Implications of the One Child Policy, and its Place in China’s Human Rights Development “ verfasst von Jake Mendrik angestrebter akademischer Grad Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2016 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 992 884 Universitätslehrgang: Universitätslehrgang Master of Arts in Human Rights Betreut von: Univ. -Prof. Dr. Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik 1 Freedom is priceless, My life is a limited dream, I prefer to be jade broken, To save China in martyrdom. Lin Zhao (1932-1968) 2 Contents My Last Farewell Verse – A Poem ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 5 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 7 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter One – Origins of the One Child Policy ...................................................................... 12 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Population control in Chinese history – the eugenics movement ............................ 13 1.2 Mao’s China ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Religion in China BKGA 85 Religion Inchina and Bernhard Scheid Edited by Max Deeg Major Concepts and Minority Positions MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.)
    Religions of foreign origin have shaped Chinese cultural history much stronger than generally assumed and continue to have impact on Chinese society in varying regional degrees. The essays collected in the present volume put a special emphasis on these “foreign” and less familiar aspects of Chinese religion. Apart from an introductory article on Daoism (the BKGA 85 BKGA Religion in China proto­typical autochthonous religion of China), the volume reflects China’s encounter with religions of the so-called Western Regions, starting from the adoption of Indian Buddhism to early settlements of religious minorities from the Near East (Islam, Christianity, and Judaism) and the early modern debates between Confucians and Christian missionaries. Contemporary Major Concepts and religious minorities, their specific social problems, and their regional diversities are discussed in the cases of Abrahamitic traditions in China. The volume therefore contributes to our understanding of most recent and Minority Positions potentially violent religio-political phenomena such as, for instance, Islamist movements in the People’s Republic of China. Religion in China Religion ∙ Max DEEG is Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Cardiff. His research interests include in particular Buddhist narratives and their roles for the construction of identity in premodern Buddhist communities. Bernhard SCHEID is a senior research fellow at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. His research focuses on the history of Japanese religions and the interaction of Buddhism with local religions, in particular with Japanese Shintō. Max Deeg, Bernhard Scheid (eds.) Deeg, Max Bernhard ISBN 978-3-7001-7759-3 Edited by Max Deeg and Bernhard Scheid Printed and bound in the EU SBph 862 MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.) RELIGION IN CHINA: MAJOR CONCEPTS AND MINORITY POSITIONS ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE SITZUNGSBERICHTE, 862.
    [Show full text]
  • Deceived by the Lightning
    CHRISTIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE PO Box 8500, Charlotte, NC 28271 News Article: JAL130 DECEIVED BY THE LIGHTNING This article first appeared in the News Watch column of the Christian Research Journal, volume 28, number 3 (2005). For further information or to subscribe to the Christian Research Journal go to: http://www.equip.org Christians in mainland China’s “underground” house churches have faced persecution from the country’s Communist government for years. They now face another threat from one of the mainland’s largest cults, which frequently uses deception and coercion to gain converts from among house churches. The cult calls itself “The Church of Almighty God.” The Chinese government refers to it as the “Real God” cult. Chinese Christians call it “Eastern Lightning.” Its followers believe that Jesus has returned in the form of a Chinese woman, like “lightning that comes from the east,” according to the description of His second coming in Matthew 24:27. Estimates of the group’s size vary. A November 2001 Time magazine article titled “Jesus is Back, and She’s Chinese” said followers numbered themselves at 300,000, although observers estimated only tens of thousands. A 2002 report produced by the Center for Religious Freedom, which contained copies of seven confidential documents from a Chinese government report on religious cults, said that the group had active organizations in more than 10 provinces and cities and was deceiving thousands. China For Jesus, a Christian mission organization, estimates that the cult has more than a million members in 20 provinces. Fear of government persecution has driven religious groups in China underground, making an accurate head count of any group’s followers virtually impossible.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement March 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 54 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 58 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 65 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 69 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2008 The Main National Leadership of the
    [Show full text]
  • Islam Shawn Nelson
    May 5 & 12, 2019 Answering World Religions – Islam Shawn Nelson 1. Overview • Islam is the world’s second largest religion o Christians 2.4 billion 31% world population1 o Muslims 1.8 billion 24% world population2 • There are 3.45 million Muslims in United States.3 1 Wikipedia, s.v. “Christian Population Growth,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_population_growth, 2015 study. Roughly 900 million of this number are Protestants. 2 Wikipedia, s.v. “Islam by Country,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_country, 2015 study. 3 Basheer Mohamed, “New Estimates Show u.s. Muslim Population Continues to Grow,” January 3, 2018, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/03/new-estimates-show-u-s-muslim-population- continues-to-grow/. 1 • Islam is the world’s fastest growing religion (by birth rate). Muslims will likely soon outnumber Christians. 2. Extremism BIG ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM: Some people today are afraid of Muslims because they think all Muslims are terrorists who support holy war (jihad) against non-Muslims. • There are different kinds of Muslims (just like different kinds of Christians).4 • Only a very, very small % of the 1.8 billion Muslims are extremists:5 Name Area Strength Al-Qaeda Afghanistan/Pakistan 300–3,000 Hamas Gaza Strip 16,000+ Hezbollah Lebanon 1,000+ ISIS Syria 15,000–20,000 Taliban Northwest Pakistan 25,000 • There are also extreme Christian sects who carry out acts of violence (e.g., Christian Identity, Eastern Lightning, Lord’s Resistance Army, etc.) The first step to telling them about Jesus is that we can’t be afraid of them! 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Psychological Strains on Chinese College Students
    orensic P F sy f c o h l o a l n o r g u y o J Journal of Forensic Psychology Zhang et al., J Foren Psy 2016, 1:2 ISSN: 2475-319X DOI: 10.4172/2475-319X.1000106 Research Article Open Access Effects of Psychological Strains on Chinese College Students’ Depression and Suicidal Ideation Jie Zhang1*, Yingjiang Liu2 and Dwight Hennessy1 1State University of New York, Buffalo, USA 2Central University of Finance and Economics School of Social Development, Beijing, China *Corresponding author: Jie Zhang, Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14222, USA, E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: Feb 12, 2016, Acc date: Jun 2, 2016, Pub date: Jun 9, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Zhang J, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Psychological strains have been found more prevalent than mental disorders among Chinese rural young suicides, but the association between psychological strains and mental disorders, especially depression and suicidal ideation, is still unknown. For the present study, we used the data from 1,298 college students for a survey research conducted on a university campus in Beijing China, in 2012. Psychological strains were measured by the 60-item Psychological Strain Scales (PSS). We hypothesized that college students with higher scores of strains would report greater levels of depression and also demonstrate greater suicidal ideation. Findings suggested that aspiration strain and coping strain were positively associated with depression while value strain and coping strain were significantly correlated with suicidal ideation.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    3/2006 Data Supplement PR China Hong Kong SAR Macau SAR Taiwan CHINA aktuell Journal of Current Chinese Affairs Data Supplement People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax:(040)4107945 Contributors: Uwe Kotzel Dr. Liu Jen-Kai Christine Reinking Dr. Günter Schucher Dr. Margot Schüller Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 3 The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 22 Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership LIU JEN-KAI 27 PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries LIU JEN-KAI 30 PRC Laws and Regulations LIU JEN-KAI 34 Hong Kong SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 36 Macau SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 39 Taiwan Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 41 Bibliography of Articles on the PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, and on Taiwan UWE KOTZEL / LIU JEN-KAI / CHRISTINE REINKING / GÜNTER SCHUCHER 43 CHINA aktuell Data Supplement - 3 - 3/2006 Dep.Dir.: CHINESE COMMUNIST Li Jianhua 03/07 PARTY Li Zhiyong 05/07 The Main National Ouyang Song 05/08 Shen Yueyue (f) CCa 03/01 Leadership of the Sun Xiaoqun 00/08 Wang Dongming 02/10 CCP CC General Secretary Zhang Bolin (exec.) 98/03 PRC Hu Jintao 02/11 Zhao Hongzhu (exec.) 00/10 Zhao Zongnai 00/10 Liu Jen-Kai POLITBURO Sec.-Gen.: Li Zhiyong 01/03 Standing Committee Members Propaganda (Publicity) Department Hu Jintao 92/10 Dir.: Liu Yunshan PBm CCSm 02/10 Huang Ju 02/11
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Article
    WU FAN 4/19/2012 7:47 PM Legal Reasoning in Chinese and Swiss Appellate Judgments - Exploring China’s Path Toward Rule of Law WU Fan TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 21 II. OBJECT OF COMPARISON ................................................................ 24 A. Swiss Law as a Reference System ....................................... 25 B. Selection of Judgments ........................................................ 26 III. SCHEME OF COMPARISON ............................................................. 27 IV. LEGAL REASONING IN SWISS LEGAL SYSTEM............................... 27 A. Regulation of Legal Reasoning ........................................... 27 B. Legal Reasoning and Public Control .................................. 28 C. Legal Reasoning and Legal Education in Switzerland ....... 29 D. Legal Reasoning in Swiss TF Judgments............................ 30 1. Head of the Judgment ................................................... 31 (a) Case Designation ................................................... 31 (b) Judgment Title ........................................................ 31 2. Indexes .......................................................................... 31 3. Statement of Affairs ...................................................... 33 (a) Factual Background ............................................... 33 (b) Procedural History ................................................ 33 (c) Requests of the Parties ..........................................
    [Show full text]
  • "Sanyuesan" Festival of She Ethnic Group in Jingning, Zhejiang Province
    The 14th National and International Conference "Global Goals, Local Actions: Looking Back and Moving Forward 2021" 18 August, 2021 When Tradition Meets Modernity — The Contemporary Changes of the "Sanyuesan" Festival of She Ethnic Group in Jingning, Zhejiang Province Yang Wang Abstract This study discusses the contemporary changes of the "Sanyuesan" festival of the She ethnic group in Jingning by collecting relevant literature and conducting field investigation. Qualitative analysis is mainly carried out with participatory observation and in-depth interview as research tools. This paper mainly summarizes the change track and characteristics of the She's "Sanyuesan" festival. This study mainly explores the changes of the times of the She People's "Sanyuesan" festival from the aspects of connotation and function, form and content, subject composition of participation and cultural space. The research results are helpful to explore the historical context and cultural space of the contemporary construction of She's "Sanyuesan" festival music. Keywords: She ethnic group, Sanyuesan, Festival celebration, Change Introduction The She ethnic group is an ancient minority in Southeast China, and it is also a typical group scattered across the region. In the long process of history, unafraid of hardships and dangers, She people have created a splendid history and culture with their own diligence and wisdom, leaving a rich cultural heritage. As the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage, their "Sanyuesan" (Category: folk custom; No.: Ⅹ - 73) is emitting a bright and unique brilliance with its distinctive ethnic temperament, rich cultural meaning and active form of expression. Jingning, located in East China, is the only She Autonomous County in China.
    [Show full text]