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In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review TAJIKISTAN In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review TAJIKISTAN ENERGY CHARTER SECRETARIAT 2013 In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review TAJIKISTAN ENERGY CHARTER SECRETATIAT 2013 Information contained in this work has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither the Energy Charter Secretariat nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither the Energy Charter Secretariat nor its authors shall be responsible for any losses or damages arising from the use of this information or from any errors or omissions therein. This work is published with the understanding that the Energy Charter Secretariat and its authors are supplying the information, but are not attempting to render legal or other professional services. © Energy Charter Secretariat, 2013 Boulevard de la Woluwe, 56 B-1200 Brussels, Belgium The review team comprised the following officials: Mr. Jean-Christophe Füeg, team leader, Swiss Office of Energy; Ms. Elena Varasteh, Swedish Energy Agency, Mr. Jako Reinaste, Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications, together with Ms Ms Bilyana Chobanova from the Energy Charter Secretariat. The team was supported by Mr. Farhod Bilolov, Secondee from the Tajikistan Ministry of Energy and Industry. The team visited between 23 and 25 April 2013. ISBN 978-905948-139-8 (English PDF) Reproduction of this work, save where otherwise stated, is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. All rights otherwise reserved. Cover and layout design: Diana Spotinova for Spotinov print Ltd. Photo on the cover: Zaroshkul Lake (4518 m), Pamir, Tajikistan Source: The Committee of Youth Affairs, Sports and Tourism under the Government of the Tajikistan. TABLE OF CONTENTS In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review Tajikistan 2013| TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 КРАТКОЕ ИЗЛОЖЕНИЕ ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................17 BACKGROUND ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25 Brief country overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 Economic background ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27 Energy supply and demand ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Energy consumption trends by sectors ......................................................................................................................................................................... 43 ENERGY POLICY .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................53 Strategy and legal framework ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 Market actors .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Energy pricing policy .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 58 INSTITUTIONS ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................61 ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY ...........................................................................................................................................................................................65 Strategic and regulatory framework ................................................................................................................................................................................... 66 Overview of existing energy efficiency potential ......................................................................................................................................... 66 Energy and energy efficiency projects and financing ............................................................................................................................. 70 RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY .........................................................................................................................................................................................73 Strategic and regulatory framework ................................................................................................................................................................................... 74 Renewable energy potential .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 74 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY RELATED TO ENERGY .....................................................................................................................79 National programs and strategies .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 80 Climate change and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ....................................................................................................................... 80 ASSESSMENT OF PROGRESS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................................................................85 General recommendations ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 87 ANNEX 1: General economics and energy data ...................................................................................................................................................................91 ANNEX 2: Selected end-use data tables .............................................................................................................................................................................................95 ANNEX 3: Projects in the energy sector of Tajikistan ................................................................................................................................................99 ANNEX 4: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................103 ANNEX 5: Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................105 ANNEX 6: Abbreviations ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................107 5 In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review Tajikistan 2013| LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of Tajikistan 26 Figure 2: Energy production and net imports 29 Figure 3: TPES* and TFC** trends, 1990–2010 31 Figure 4: TPES structure, 2010 31 Figure 5: TPES development by energy source, 1990–2010 32 Figure 6: Structure of TFC* in Tajikistan, 2010 33 Figure 7: Trends in TFC structure 34 Figure 9: Oil balance of Tajikistan, 2007–2009 37 Figure 10: Monthly electricity demand by sector, 2009 38 Figure 11: Dynamics in electricity generation, 2005–2011 38 Figure 12: Energy intensity, 2000–2010 42 Figure 13: TFC by different sectors in 2010 43 Figure 14: Electricity consumption by sector, 2005–2009 45 Figure 15: Share of energy sources used for household heating 46 Figure 16: Sources of household heating by location, % 47 Figure 17: Average monthly consumption of electricity per household, kWh 48 Figure 18: Average monthly electricity consumption, % 48 Figure 19: Natural gas users, % 49 Figure 20: Energy consumption of industry sector,
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