DOCSLIB.ORG

Elevated Temperatures Cause Loss of Seed Set in Common Bean

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elevated Temperatures Cause Loss of Seed Set in Common Bean Soltani et al. BMC Genomics (2019) 20:312 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5669-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Elevated temperatures cause loss of seed set in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) potentially through the disruption of source-sink relationships Ali Soltani1,2* , Sarathi M. Weraduwage3, Thomas D. Sharkey2,3,4 and David B. Lowry1,2 Abstract Background: Climate change models predict more frequent incidents of heat stress worldwide. This trend will contribute to food insecurity, particularly for some of the most vulnerable regions, by limiting the productivity of crops. Despite its great importance, there is a limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms of variation in heat tolerance within plant species. Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is relatively susceptible to heat stress, which is of concern given its critical role in global food security. Here, we evaluated three genotypes of P. vulgaris belonging to kidney market class under heat and control conditions. The Sacramento and NY-105 genotypes were previously reported to be heat tolerant, while Redhawk is heat susceptible. Results: We quantified several morpho-physiological traits for leaves and found that photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf area all increased under elevated temperatures. Leaf area expansion under heat stress was greatest for the most susceptible genotype, Redhawk. To understand gene regulatory responses among the genotypes, total RNA was extracted from the fourth trifoliate leaves for RNA-sequencing. Several genes involved in the protection of PSII (HSP21, ABA4, and LHCB4.3) exhibited increased expression under heat stress, indicating the importance of photoprotection of PSII. Furthermore, expression of the gene SUT2 was reduced in heat. SUT2 is involved in the phloem loading of sucrose and its distal translocation to sinks. We also detected an almost four-fold reduction in the concentration of free hexoses in heat-treated beans. This reduction was more drastic in the susceptible genotype. Conclusions: Overall, our data suggests that while moderate heat stress does not negatively affect photosynthesis, it likely interrupts intricate source-sink relationships. These results collectively suggest a physiological mechanism for why pollen fertility and seed set are negatively impacted by elevated temperatures. Identifying the physiological and transcriptome dynamics of bean genotypes in response to heat stress will likely facilitate the development of varieties that can better tolerate a future of elevated temperatures. Keywords: Heat stress, Common bean, Photosynthesis, Transcriptome, Source-sink relationships * Correspondence: [email protected] 1Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA 2Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Soltani et al. BMC Genomics (2019) 20:312 Page 2 of 18 Background Common bean is an economically important crop that Heat is among the most devastating abiotic stresses nega- originated and was domesticated in the New World. P. tively impacting crop production and food security world- vulgaris is separated into two major genepools: Middle wide [1]. Every 1 °C increase in seasonal temperature American and Andean [23, 24]. Humans domesticated results in a 10–17% reduction in crop yields [2, 3]. With beans from both of these major gene pools independently the global mean temperatures set to increase at a pace of [25]. Further, three major races have been characterized 0.2 °C per decade, the impact of heat on worldwide food within the Middle American genepool: Mesoamerica, production will only become more acute [4]. For some re- Durango, and Jalisco. Similarly, there are three races in gions of the globe, temperatures are increasing even more Andean genepool: Nueva Granada, Chile, and Peru. After rapidly and heat waves are expected to increase in inten- the colonization of the New World, Andean beans were in- sity and duration [5]. troduced to European and African countries [26]. Today, Elevated temperatures negatively affect several crucial beans are cultivated in many regions of the world. However, physiological processes in plants. One of the effects of being adapted to moderate climates [27], common bean elevated temperature is an increased accumulation of re- has limited heat tolerance. Seed yield reductions have been active oxygen species (ROS), [6] which are harmful to reported for temperatures higher than 30 °C during the day plant membranes, proteins, and other macromolecules. or higher than 20 °C at nights [28]. Heat stress-induced Photosynthesis is also affected by elevated temperatures, yield reductions were described as a result of flower abscis- with carbon assimilation reduced as a result of a reduc- sions, development of parthenocarpic pods (pin pods), tion in rubisco activation [7, 8]. Rubisco activase is lower seed set per pod or decreased seed size [28, 29]. The inhibited at high temperature, leading to heat-induced level of heat sensitivity in beans depends strongly on the deactivation of rubisco under moderate heat stress [9, developmental stage in which plants are exposed to ele- 10]. Further, heat modifies cell membrane characteristics vated temperatures. Several studies reported that heat stress and consequently affects membrane-binding proteins at pre-fertilization stages are more detrimental to pollen de- [11–13]. Photosystem II (PSII) is thought to be particu- velopment and/or anther dehiscence [29, 30]. Furthermore, larly sensitive to heat stress. However, negative effects of Shonnard and Gepts [31] reported sensitivity of beans to heat stress on net photosynthesis has not been reported heat stress at pod filling stages in addition to flower bud in all crops [14]. Besides carbon assimilation, carbon formation. translocation from source to sink tissues has been shown Elevated temperatures are predicted to be more to be interrupted by heat stress [15]. Continuous sucrose frequent, particularly in some Central American and transport from source leaves to developing reproductive African countries, where Andean genotypes are the main tissues is crucial for male fertility, seed set, and seed fill- beans in cultivation [32]. Heat and drought stress often ing [16, 17]. Pressman et al. [18] found that the disrup- impact crops simultaneously in these regions. While irri- tion of sucrose supply and/or its breakdown to hexoses gation can be used to eliminate water stress, the direct under heat stress results in male sterility and aborted impacts of heat stress cannot be alleviated by any man- seed set in tomato, a drastic negative impact of this abi- agement practice. Development of heat tolerant varieties otic stress on the carbon balance of a plant. remains the only practical solution for minimizing the Several mechanisms to cope with heat have evolved in negative effects of elevated temperatures. Developing plants. Elevated temperatures triggers a suite of physio- bean varieties that can better tolerate elevated tempera- logical responses that can ameliorate the deleterious ef- tures is now considered crucial in both Latin America fects of heat. For example, the ROS scavenging [33] and Africa [34]. Several heat tolerant varieties have machinery is overexpressed, which will convert ROS to been identified and used in breeding pipelines [31, 33, less harmful molecules [19]. ROS also serves as a signal- 35, 36]. Understanding the differential physiological re- ing molecule that can activate heat shock factors (HSFs), sponses of heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant Andean ge- [20, 21]. HSFs bind to palindromic motifs in the pro- notypes to elevated temperatures is a crucial step toward moter of heat responsive genes, including heat shock improving the thermo-tolerance of this economically im- proteins (HSPs). HSPs are molecular chaperones that re- portant crop. fold and stabilize protein structures under heat stress. Here, we investigate the transcriptome and physiological Besides adopting these thermo-tolerance strategies, pre- responses of three varieties of Andean beans to ele- ventative mechanisms have evolved that improve the vated temperatures. These varieties were selected cooling capacity of the leaves by increasing transpiration based on their tolerance (Sacramento and NY-105) or rates [22]. susceptibility (Redhawk) to heat stress. The main ob- In this study, we focused on understanding how jectives of this study were: i) to elucidate the effect of heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive varieties of the common heat stress on the leaf morpho-physiology of the bean bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, respond to elevated temperatures. plants, ii) understand the transcriptomic responses of Soltani et al. BMC Genomics (2019) 20:312 Page 3 of 18 leaves under elevated temperatures, and iii)toidentify Effect of elevated temperature on seed set the potential genes/physiological
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Insights Into Anaerobic Degradation of Benzene and Naphthalene
    TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt Lehrstuhl für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft Insights into anaerobic degradation of benzene and naphthalene Xiyang Dong Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzende(r): Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Liebl Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Priv.-Doz. Dr. Tillmann Lueders 2. Prof. Dr. Siegfried Scherer 3. Prof. Dr. Rainer Meckenstock Die Dissertation wurde am 03.07.2017 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt am 18.08.2017 angenommen. 天道酬勤 God rewards those who work hard Abstract Aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene and naphthalene, have toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties. Fortunately, these compounds can be degraded in environmental systems by indigenous microorganisms. Especially under anaerobic conditions, the physiology and ecology of the microbes involved are still poorly understood. In this thesis, important knowledge gaps are addressed in this field using microbiological approaches combined with “omics tools” (metagenomics and metaproteomics). A novel “reverse stable isotope labelling” approach is also introduced to investigate biodegradation activities. Firstly, the enrichment culture BPL was studied, which can degrade benzene coupled with sulfate reduction. It is dominated by an organism of the genus Pelotomaculum. Members of this genus are usually known to be fermenters, undergoing syntrophy with anaerobic respiring microorganisms or methanogens. It remains unclear if Pelotomaculum identified here (namely, Pelotomaculum candidate BPL) could perform both benzene degradation and sulfate reduction. By using a metagenomic approach, a high-quality genome was reconstructed for it.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:Q-Bio.QM/0511042 V2 25 Nov 2005 Nomto Ae Lseig Upeetr Material Supplementary Clustering: Based Information .THE I
    Information based clustering: Supplementary material Noam Slonim, Gurinder Singh Atwal, Gaˇsper Tkaˇcik, and William Bialek Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, and Lewis–Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 USA (Dated: December 4, 2005) This technical report provides the supplementary material for a paper entitled “Information based clustering,” to appear shortly in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA). In Section I we present in detail the iterative clustering algorithm used in our experiments and in Section II we describe the validation scheme used to determine the statistical significance of our results. Then in subsequent sections we provide all the experimental results for three very different applications: the response of gene expression in yeast to different forms of environmental stress, the dynamics of stock prices in the Standard and Poor’s 500, and viewer ratings of popular movies. In particular, we highlight some of the results that seem to deserve special attention. All the experimental results and relevant code, including a freely available web application, can be found at http://www.genomics.princeton.edu/biophysics-theory . Contents many choices at different levels of the analysis. In recent work we suggest that some generality can be achieved I. The Iclust algorithm 1 through the use of information theory (1). Here we re- view this formulation briefly and then proceed to the II. Evaluating clusters’ coherence 3 technical details of its implementation that were left out III. First application: The yeast ESR data 3 of Ref (1). A. Description of the data 3 We formulate clustering as a tradeoff between maxi- B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Metabolic Building Blocks of a Minimal Cell Supplementary
    The metabolic building blocks of a minimal cell Mariana Reyes-Prieto, Rosario Gil, Mercè Llabrés, Pere Palmer and Andrés Moya Supplementary material. Table S1. List of enzymes and reactions modified from Gabaldon et. al. (2007). n.i.: non identified. E.C. Name Reaction Gil et. al. 2004 Glass et. al. 2006 number 2.7.1.69 phosphotransferase system glc + pep → g6p + pyr PTS MG041, 069, 429 5.3.1.9 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase g6p ↔ f6p PGI MG111 2.7.1.11 6-phosphofructokinase f6p + atp → fbp + adp PFK MG215 4.1.2.13 fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase fbp ↔ gdp + dhp FBA MG023 5.3.1.1 triose-phosphate isomerase gdp ↔ dhp TPI MG431 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate gdp + nad + p ↔ bpg + 1.2.1.12 GAP MG301 dehydrogenase nadh 2.7.2.3 phosphoglycerate kinase bpg + adp ↔ 3pg + atp PGK MG300 5.4.2.1 phosphoglycerate mutase 3pg ↔ 2pg GPM MG430 4.2.1.11 enolase 2pg ↔ pep ENO MG407 2.7.1.40 pyruvate kinase pep + adp → pyr + atp PYK MG216 1.1.1.27 lactate dehydrogenase pyr + nadh ↔ lac + nad LDH MG460 1.1.1.94 sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase dhp + nadh → g3p + nad GPS n.i. 2.3.1.15 sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase g3p + pal → mag PLSb n.i. 2.3.1.51 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate mag + pal → dag PLSc MG212 acyltransferase 2.7.7.41 phosphatidate cytidyltransferase dag + ctp → cdp-dag + pp CDS MG437 cdp-dag + ser → pser + 2.7.8.8 phosphatidylserine synthase PSS n.i. cmp 4.1.1.65 phosphatidylserine decarboxylase pser → peta PSD n.i.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of the Regulatory Nucleotides Ppgpp and Pppgpp Following Induction of the Stringent Response in Staphylococci
    JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Sept. 1995, p. 5161–5165 Vol. 177, No. 17 0021-9193/95/$04.0010 Copyright q 1995, American Society for Microbiology Occurrence of the Regulatory Nucleotides ppGpp and pppGpp following Induction of the Stringent Response in Staphylococci R. CASSELS,* B. OLIVA,† AND D. KNOWLES Department of Microbial Metabolism and Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Brockham Park, Betchworth, Surrey RH3 7AJ, United Kingdom Received 6 February 1995/Accepted 27 June 1995 The stringent response in Escherichia coli and many other organisms is regulated by the nucleotides ppGpp and pppGpp. We show here for the first time that at least six staphylococcal species also synthesize ppGpp and pppGpp upon induction of the stringent response by mupirocin. Spots corresponding to ppGpp and pppGpp on thin-layer chromatograms suggest that pppGpp is the principal regulatory nucleotide synthesized by staphylococci in response to mupirocin, rather than ppGpp as in E. coli. Bacteria adapt to amino acid or carbon source insufficiency and higher organisms after amino acid starvation or induction by a complex series of regulatory events known as the stringent by a variety of antibiotics (7, 18, 26). However, in halobacteria response (reviewed in reference 4). In Escherichia coli, for (25) and streptococci (21), stringency is not necessarily coupled example, amino acid starvation leads to an accumulation of with (p)ppGpp production. Thus, in Streptococcus pyogenes uncharged cognate tRNA. When the ratio of charged to un- and Streptococcus rattus, chloramphenicol reverses the inhibi- charged tRNA falls below a critical threshold (24), occupation tion of RNA synthesis caused by mupirocin, but there is no of the vacant mRNA codon at the ribosomal A site by un- generation of ppGpp in the presence of mupirocin alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward the Discovery of Biological Functions Associated with the Mechanosensor Mtl1p of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Via Integrative
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Toward the discovery of biological functions associated with the mechanosensor Mtl1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae via integrative multi‑OMICs analysis Nelson Martínez‑Matías1, Nataliya Chorna1*, Sahily González‑Crespo1, Lilliam Villanueva1, Ingrid Montes‑Rodríguez2, Loyda M. Melendez‑Aponte1, Abiel Roche‑Lima1, Kelvin Carrasquillo‑Carrión1, Ednalise Santiago‑Cartagena1, Brian C. Rymond3, Mohan Babu4, Igor Stagljar5,6 & José R. Rodríguez‑Medina1* Functional analysis of the Mtl1 protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has revealed that this transmembrane sensor endows yeast cells with resistance to oxidative stress through a signaling mechanism called the cell wall integrity pathway (CWI). We observed upregulation of multiple heat shock proteins (HSPs), proteins associated with the formation of stress granules, and the phosphatase subunit of trehalose 6‑phosphate synthase which suggests that mtl1Δ strains undergo intrinsic activation of a non‑lethal heat stress response. Furthermore, quantitative global proteomic analysis conducted on TMT‑labeled proteins combined with metabolome analysis revealed that mtl1Δ strains exhibit decreased levels of metabolites of carboxylic acid metabolism, decreased expression of anabolic enzymes and increased expression of catabolic enzymes involved in the metabolism of amino acids, with enhanced expression of mitochondrial respirasome proteins. These observations support the idea that Mtl1 protein controls the suppression of a non‑lethal heat stress response under normal conditions while it plays an important role in metabolic regulatory mechanisms linked to TORC1 signaling that are required to maintain cellular homeostasis and optimal mitochondrial function. Te fungal cell wall is a physical structure that evolved to shield cells from the changing conditions of the ecological niches in which they thrive, acting as a porous barrier that isolates the delicate plasma membrane (PM) and cytoplasm from the external environment 1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0186358 A1 Melville Et Al
    US 200901 86.358A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0186358 A1 Melville et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 23, 2009 (54) PATHWAYANALYSIS OF CELL CULTURE Related U.S. Application Data PHENOTYPES AND USES THEREOF (60) Provisional application No. 61/016,390, filed on Dec. 21, 2007. (75) Inventors: Mark Melville, Melrose, MA (US); Publication Classification Niall Barron, Shankill (IE): Martin Clynes, Clontarf (IE): (51) Int. C. CI2O I/68 (2006.01) Padraig Doolan, Swords (IE): CI2P 2L/00 (2006.01) Patrick Gammell, Naas (IE): C07K I4/00 (2006.01) Paula Meleady, Ratoath (IE) CI2O 1/02 (2006.01) CI2N I/2 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: CI2N 5/06 (2006.01) CHOATE, HALL & STEWART LLP CI2N 5/04 (2006.01) TWO INTERNATIONAL PLACE (52) U.S. Cl. .............. 435/6; 435/69.1:530/300; 435/29: BOSTON, MA 02110 (US) 435/252.3; 435/325; 435/419:435/254.2 (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignees: Wyeth, Madison, NJ (US); Dublin The present invention provides methods for systematically City University, Glasnevin (IE) identifying genes, proteins and/or related pathways that regu late or indicative of cell phenotypes. The present invention further provides methods for manipulating the identified (21) Appl. No.: 12/340,629 genes, proteins and/or pathways to engineer improved cell lines and/or to evaluate or select cell lines with desirable (22) Filed: Dec. 19, 2008 phenotypes. inhibition of Signalling Signalling Caspases Apoptosis Apoptosis Signalling Caspases ATM Integrin MAPK p38 Signalling Signalling Signalling Signalling Signalling MAPK in ATM p53 Integrin Signalling Signalling Apoptosis Growth and Caspases Signalling Different.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptomic Analysis of Field-Droughted Sorghum From
    Transcriptomic analysis of field-droughted sorghum from seedling to maturity reveals biotic and metabolic responses. Supplementary Appendix Contents 1 Methods and Materials 2 2 Supplementary Figures and Tables 10 3 Cluster Summaries 26 4 All GO Terms per cluster 99 1 www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1907500116 1 Methods and Materials 1.1 Experimental protocols . .2 1.2 Computational methods . .4 1.2.1 Processing of Reads . .4 1.2.2 Differential expression analysis . .5 1.2.3 Clustering . .6 1.2.4 Identification of motifs and transcription factors enriched in clusters . .7 1.2.5 Gene set enrichment analysis in clusters . .7 1.2.6 Identifying shared patterns of expressions . .7 1.2.7 Longitudinal analysis of time course water potential . .8 1.1 Experimental protocols Design experiment / Field set-up The field experiments were conducted in Parlier, CA (36.6008°N, 119.5109°W). The fields consist of sandy loam soils with a silky substratum and pH 7.37. We number the weeks according to the dates that plants were sampled. Week 0 was set to be June 1 to coincide with seedling emergence (June 1-3). All plots were pre-watered before planting. Three watering conditions were subsequently used on plots: I) Control, consisting of weekly watering five days before the sampling date, with the first irrigation starting before the sampling of Week 3 (June 18) and continuing until before the sampling of Week 17 (Sept 23) II) Pre-flowering drought, consisting of a complete lack of irrigation up through and including samples from Week 8, at which time regular watering resumed prior to the sampling of Week 9 (July 29), and III) Post-flowering drought, consisting of regular irrigation up through and including irrigation prior to Week 9 sampling (July 29) { at which point over 50% of the plants had reached flowering (anthesis) { and no irrigation after that date (Figure 1a).
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Studies of Escherichia Coli Stringent Response Factor Rela
    Functional Studies of Escherichia coli Stringent Response Factor RelA Ievgen Dzhygyr Department of Molecular Biology, MIMS Umeå 2018 This work is protected by the Swedish Copyright Legislation (Act 1960:729) Dissertation for PhD Copyright © Ievgen Dzhygyr ISBN: 978-91-7601-934-4 ISSN: 0346-6612; New series No: 1970 Front cover design: Ievgen Dzhygyr Electronic version available at: http://umu.diva-portal.org/ Printed by: UmU Print Service, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden 2018 To my parents/Моїм батькам Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................... ii Abbreviations ................................................................................. iv Papers included in this thesis .......................................................... vi Introduction .................................................................................... 1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 1 Synthesis of (p)ppGpp ..................................................................................................... 2 Effects of (p)ppGpp on DNA replication ........................................................................ 4 (p)ppGpp mediated regulation of transcription .............................................................. 5 Effects of (p)ppGpp on GTPases ...................................................................................... 7 Effects of (p)ppGpp on Bacillus subtilis
    [Show full text]
  • Biochemistry of Vitamins
    MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE ZAPORIZHZHYA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Biological Chemistry Department BIOCHEMISTRY OF VITAMINS Textbook for students of international faculty Speciality: 7.120 10001 «General Medicine» Zaporizhzhya - 2016 1 Reviewers: Kaplaushenko A.G. Head of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry Department, doctor of pharmaceutical science, associate professor Voskoboynik O. Yu. Assoc. professor of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Ph. D. Authors: Aleksandrova K.V. Rudko N.P. Aleksandrova K.V. Biochemistry of vitamins. Textbook for students of international faculty speciality: 7.120 10001 «General Medicine» / K.V. Aleksandrova, N.P. Rudko. – Zaporizhzhya : ZSMU, 2016.- 73 p. This textbook is recommended to use for students of international faculty (the second year of study) for independent work at home and in class. It is created as additional manual for study of Biochemistry for students of international faculty. Александрова К.В. Біохімія вітамінів. Начально-методичний посібник для студентів міжнародного факультету спеціальності 7.120 10001 «Лікувальна справа»/ К.В. Александрова, Н.П. Рудько,.- Запоріжжя : ЗДМУ, 2016. – 73 с. ©Aleksandrova K.V., Krisanova N.V., Ivanchenko D.G., Rudko N.P., , 2016 ©Zaporizhzhya State Medical University, 2016 2 INTRODUCTION Sometimes it is difficult for students to find out the main important notions for study of biochemistry in basic literature that is recommended. The educational process for students of medical department requires the use not only the basic literature but also that one which is discussed as additional literature sources. This is because each day we have new scientific researches in biochemistry, later which can improve our understanding of theoretical questions this subject. This manual is proposed by authors as additional one for study of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins: their structure, properties, functions and metabolism in human organism.
    [Show full text]
  • Expressed Sequence Tags: Characterization, Tissue-Specific Expression and Gene Markers
    Marine Genomics 3 (2010) 179–191 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Genomics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/margen Gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) expressed sequence tags: Characterization, tissue-specific expression and gene markers Bruno Louro a,j, Ana Lúcia S. Passos a, Erika L. Souche b,1, Costas Tsigenopoulos c, Alfred Beck d, Jacques Lagnel c, François Bonhomme e, Leonor Cancela a, Joan Cerdà f, Melody S. Clark g, Esther Lubzens h, Antonis Magoulas c, Josep V. Planas i, Filip A.M. Volckaert b, Richard Reinhardt d, Adelino V.M. Canario a,⁎ a Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Building 7, Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal b Laboratory of Animal Diversity and Systematics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium c Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics, Thalassocosmos, Ex-US base at Gournes, P.O. Box 2214, Gournes Pediados, 715 00 Heraklion, Crete, Greece d MPI Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany e Département Biologie Intégrative, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 Université de Montpellier 2, cc 63 — Pl. E Bataillon, F34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France f Laboratory of Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciencies del Mar (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC), Passeig Marítim 37-49, 08003-Barcelona, Spain g British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK h National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel i Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av.
    [Show full text]
  • Ribosome•Rela Structures Reveal the Mechanism of Stringent Response
    Ribosome•RelA structures reveal the mechanism of stringent response activation Anna B. Loveland 1,2, Eugene Bah 1,4, Rohini Madireddy 1,Ying Zhang 1, 2,5 2,3,6 1,6 Axel F. Brilot , Nikolaus Grigorieff *, Andrei A. Korostelev * 1 RNA Therapeutics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation St., Worcester, MA 01605, USA. 2 Department of Biochemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA 3 Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA 4 Present address: Mayo Medical School, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA 5 Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco CA 94158, USA 6 Co-senior author * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.G.), [email protected] (A.A.K.) 1 Summary Stringent response is a conserved bacterial stress response underlying virulence and antibiotic resistance. RelA/SpoT-homolog proteins synthesize transcriptional modulators (p)ppGpp, allowing bacteria to adapt to stresses. RelA is activated during amino-acid starvation, when cognate deacyl-tRNA binds to the ribosomal A (aminoacyl- tRNA) site. We report four cryo-EM structures of E. coli RelA bound to the 70S ribosome, in the absence and presence of deacyl-tRNA accommodating in the 30S A site. The boomerang-shaped RelA with a wingspan of more than 100 Å wraps around the A/R (30S A-site/RelA-bound) tRNA. The CCA end of the A/R tRNA pins the central TGS domain against the 30S subunit, presenting the (p)ppGpp-synthetase domain near the 30S spur.
    [Show full text]
  • Beriberi in the ICU: Remarkable Shock Reversal with Thiamine
    Netherlands Journal of Critical Care Submitted August 2018; Accepted December 2018 CASE REPORT Beriberi in the ICU: remarkable shock reversal with thiamine R.M. van Stigt1, G. van der Wal1, S. Kamphuis2, A. Braber1 1Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelre Hospital, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands 2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Gelre Hospital, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands Correspondence R.M. van Stigt - [email protected] Keywords - thiamine deficiency, shock, beriberi Abstract Table 1. Patient categories at risk for thiamine deficiency Wet and dry beriberi are two clinical manifestations of thiamine Causes of thiamine deficiency deficiency, and beriberi with fulminant cardiovascular collapse Malnourishment Alcohol abuse Other substance (e.g. opioid) abuse is called Shoshin beriberi. It can present as shock with high Excessive emesis levels of lactate and a need for high doses of vasopressor therapy, Eating disorders Institutionalisation (e.g. prison) in which thiamine infusion can effectuate rapid cardiovascular High-carbohydrate, low-nutrition diet and respiratory recovery. This is not often considered in the Increased loss Diuretic therapy differential diagnosis of profound shock but thiamine deficiency Renal failure treated with dialysis is more prevalent than oftentimes thought, and therefore we Decreased uptake Post gastro-enteric surgery present two cases of Shoshin beriberi in our intensive care Increased demand Pregnancy Lactation unit with thiamine-mediated shock reversal. Both patients Hyperthyroidism were malnourished, had demonstrably low thiamine levels, and Systemic infections/sepsis Critical illness showed marked recovery upon infusion of thiamine. Institutionalisation (e.g. prison) Elderly Introduction Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin, which is able to cross the This makes attention to the thiamine status in these patients blood-brain barrier.
    [Show full text]