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The Case of the Zezuru Informal Economy in Botswana
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND ETHNIC EXCLUSION : Title THE CASE OF THE ZEZURU INFORMAL ECONOMY IN BOTSWANA Author(s) GWATIWA, Tshepo T. Citation African Study Monographs (2014), 35(2): 65-84 Issue Date 2014-06 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/189521 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University African Study Monographs, 35(2): 65–84, June 2014 65 DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND ETHNIC EXCLUSION: THE CASE OF THE ZEZURU INFORMAL ECONOMY IN BOTSWANA Tshepo T. GWATIWA Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva ABSTRACT This article discusses Botswana’s development policies and its silent exclusion of minority groups, particularly the Zezuru. Focusing on the case of the Zezuru, the paper seeks to demonstrate that historical ethnic discrimination and exclusion has blinded the government’s economic diversification strategy. It draws a parallel between government policies and negligence in particular projects that fall within the scope of the diversification strategy. It discusses the government’s failure to engage the Zezuru into modernizing their informal economy. It also discusses the lack of Zezuru access to the venture capital provided by government meant to improve the formal economy. It looks into the fiscal risks and lost benefits to the government while the Zezuru informal economy remains strong. The author conclusively argues that the economic exclusion of the Zezuru in development policy implementation is a setback in the overall diversification strategy. Key Words: Botswana; Zezuru; Socioeconomic exclusion; Informal economy. INTRODUCTION Botswana is a democratic middle-income state located at the heart of the South- ern African Development Community (SADC). -
Land Tenure Reforms and Social Transformation in Botswana: Implications for Urbanization
Land Tenure Reforms and Social Transformation in Botswana: Implications for Urbanization. Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Ijagbemi, Bayo, 1963- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 17:13:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196133 LAND TENURE REFORMS AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN BOTSWANA: IMPLICATIONS FOR URBANIZATION by Bayo Ijagbemi ____________________ Copyright © Bayo Ijagbemi 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2006 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Bayo Ijagbemi entitled “Land Reforms and Social Transformation in Botswana: Implications for Urbanization” and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10 November 2006 Dr Thomas Park _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10 November 2006 Dr Stephen Lansing _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10 November 2006 Dr David Killick _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10 November 2006 Dr Mamadou Baro Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. -
Social Cleavages and Political Parties in Botswana: an Account of A
Social Cleavages and Political Parties in Botswana: An account of a Pre- dominant Party System By: Batlang Seabo Submitted to Central European University Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Zsolt Enyedi Budapest, Hungary CEU eTD Collection (2013) Abstract While the socio-economic history and political parties of Botswana reveal a social structure that can be analyzed in terms of cleavages, parties are cleavage related only up to a limited extent. The Botswana Democratic Party has more support in the north region than in the south while the Botswana National Front has more support in the south than in the north. The BDP is more popular among the unemployed than the employed people while the BCP is more a party of the employed than the unemployed. The BDP is supported more in the rural areas than in the urban areas while the BNF and the BCP receive more support in urban areas than their support in rural areas. The BPP is the least cleavage related party due to its small regional confinement. Support for the BDP tends to cut across the cleavages and this shows the extent to which the party is embedded in the society which results in a dominant party system. There seems to be no strong evidence in favor of ethno-linguistic cleavage and generational voting due to similar degree of support received by parties from the groups. The findings of this work raise important questions for future research on this area especially the social groups that are likely to share similar social characteristics to constitute a cleavage. -
Tuesday 09 March 2021 the Second Meeting of The
THE SECOND MEETING OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE TWELFTH PARLIAMENT TUESDAY 09 MARCH 2021 ENGLISH VERSION HANSARD NO: 201 THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SPEAKER The Hon. Phandu T. C. Skelemani PH, MP. DEPUTY SPEAKER The Hon. Mabuse M. Pule, MP. (Mochudi East) Clerk of the National Assembly - Ms B. N. Dithapo Deputy Clerk of the National Assembly - Mr L. T. Gaolaolwe Learned Parliamentary Counsel - Ms M. Mokgosi Assistant Clerk (E) - Mr R. Josiah CABINET His Excellency Dr M. E. K. Masisi, MP. - President His Honour S. Tsogwane, MP. (Boteti West) - Vice President Minister for Presidential Affairs, Governance and Public Hon. K. N. S. Morwaeng, MP. (Molepolole South) - Administration Hon. K. T. Mmusi, MP. (Gabane-Mmankgodi) - Minister of Defence, Justice and Security Hon. Dr L. Kwape, MP. (Kanye South) - Minister of International Affairs and Cooperation Hon. E. M. Molale, MP. (Goodhope-Mabule ) - Minister of Local Government and Rural Development Hon. K. S. Gare, MP. (Moshupa-Manyana) - Minister of Agricultural Development and Food Security Minister of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation Hon. P. K. Kereng, MP. (Specially Elected) - and Tourism Hon. Dr E. G. Dikoloti MP. (Mmathethe-Molapowabojang) - Minister of Health and Wellness Hon. T.M. Segokgo, MP. (Tlokweng) - Minister of Transport and Communications Hon. K. Mzwinila, MP. (Specially Elected) - Minister of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Minister of Youth Empowerment, Sport and Culture Hon. T. M. Rakgare, MP. (Mogoditshane) - Development Hon. A. M. Mokgethi, MP. (Gaborone Bonnington North) - Minister of Nationality, Immigration and Gender Affairs Hon. Dr T. Matsheka, MP. (Lobatse) - Minister of Finance and Economic Development Hon. F. M. M. -
Botswana. Supervisor of Elections. . Report to the Minister of State on the General Elections, 1974
Botswana. Supervisor of Elections. Report to the Minister of State on the general elections, 1974. Gaborone, Government Printer [1974?] / 30p. 29cm. 1. Botswana-Pol. & govt. 2. Elections- Botswana. I • INDEX Page. Report to the Minister of State on the General Elections, 1974 Evaluation and Recommendations *"* Conclusion ...... 2 - • • • • 4 Title Appendix lA' A list of Constituencies, Polling Districts and Polling Stations showing the number of registered voters by constituency and polling station Appendix '/?' Authenticating Officers appointed in accordance with the Presidential Elections (Supplementary Provisions) Act >;• 12 Appendix 'C A list of Returning Officers for the Parliamentary Elections • ! l 13 Appendix Z)' A list of Returning Officers for the Local Government Elections .. ^ . 14 Appendix 'ZT Summary of the Parliamentary election results Appendix lF 17 A list of candidates in the Parliamentary Election showing the number of votes cast for each, number of votes in each constituency, and the majority gained by the winning can- didate and the percentage poll 18 Appendix '6" Summary of Local Government Election results by District or Town Council 20 Appendix 'IT A list of candidates in the Local Government election showing the number of votes cast tor each, the number of voters in each Polling District, the majority gained by the win- ning candidate, and the percentage poll / 22 Appendix T A list of political Parries registered under Section 149 of the Electoral Act 1969 30 Appendix ' J" A Report on-expenditure on the 1974 General Election 30 Sir, REPORT TO ™E MINISTER. OF STATE ON THE GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1974 SSSITOSSS: S.»=^^HS£s~rr?' Lo^l Government Election* become generally available to the public - - - > »S5S^S^as: • l^^sstsss^aSSSS^5^^-^-"5 5. -
Social Cleavages and Party Alignment in Botswana: Dominant Party System Debate Revisited
A Special Issue on Botswana Notes and Records’ Golden Jubilee Volume in Honour of Sir Ketumile Masire Social Cleavages and Party Alignment in Botswana: Dominant Party System Debate Revisited Batlang Seabo∗ and Bontle Masilo§ Abstract This article analyzes the dominant party system in Botswana through a social structural paradigm. Debates surrounding the dominant party system of Botswana typically focus on the relative strength of opposition parties vis-à-vis the ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), privileges of incumbency enjoyed by the BDP, the majoritarian electoral system as well as the BDP’s association with the hugely popular first President of the country, Sir Seretse Khama. Based on sociological explanations, this paper investigates whether there is social cleavage structure in Botswana’s party system and whether the same cleavages can explain the distribution of votes and voting patterns. Taking the cleavage thesis as a point of departure, the paper acknowledges the presence of social cleavages but argues that these social divisions have not been effectively mobilised by opposition parties, and through various tactics the ruling BDP has exploited and pacified them in order to mirror the society. The result has been a predominant party system that has characterised party politics for much of the post-independence era despite the declining popular vote of BDP which has been in power since Botswana attained independence in 1966. Introduction From being classified as one of the world’s poorest countries at independence in 1966, Botswana recorded the fastest economic growth rates in the world by the 1980s after the discovery of diamonds in the late 1960s. -
GUÍAS DE FUENTES BIBLIOGRAFÍAS ESPECIALIZADAS África a Debate
GUÍAS DE FUENTES BIBLIOGRAFÍAS ESPECIALIZADAS África a debate MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA SUBDIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE DOCUMENTACIÓN Y PUBLICACIONES La bibliografía África a debate ha sido elaborada en el Centro de Documentación de Defensa por Julia Carcedo Muro y Gema García Segovia, bajo la dirección de María José Campillo García, Jefa de Difusión y Servicios a Usuarios, y Ana Isabel Cervantes Muñoz, Jefa del Centro de Documentación. CATÁLOGO GENERAL DE PUBLICACIONES OFICIALES http://www.060.es Edita: © Editor, 2008 NIPO: 076-08-185-6 (edición en papel) 076-08-186-1 (edición en linea) ISBN: 978-84-9781-429-4 Depósito Legal: M-40381-2008 Maquetación, impresión y encuadernación: Running Producción, S.A. Tirada: 1.000 ejemplares Fecha de edición: agosto 2008 Índice Página Presentación . 7 Selección de documentos Aproximación al gran continente . 13 Un continente en conflicto . 29 Las potencias y factores internacionales . 61 Política, cooperación y derechos humanos . 105 Relaciones España – África . 143 Selección de revistas . 159 Bases de datos en línea . 165 Direcciones de Internet . 173 5 PRESENTACIÓN El Centro de Documentación de Defensa viene recopilando desde el año 2005 guías de fuentes o bibliografías especializadas para profundizar en el estudio de los temas objeto de las principales reuniones técnicas, jornadas o seminarios que celebra el departamento. Con motivo de las ediciones XIII, XIV y XV del Curso Internacional de Defensa de Jaca se publicaron los títulos “Islamismo- Fundamentalismo”, “El Mediterráneo: unión y frontera” y “Una mirada al mundo del siglo XXI”. Con la misma intención se recopila ahora en apoyo del XVI Curso Internacional de Defensa de Jaca (septiembre de 2008) esta nueva guía bibliográfica, que adopta como ya es tradición el mismo título del Curso: “África a debate”. -
The Elite As a Critical Factor in National Development
The Elite as a Critical Factor in National Development DISCUSSION PAPER 58 THE ELITE AS A CRITICAL FACTOR IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT The Case of Botswana DAVID SEBUDUBUDU & PATRICK MOLUTSI NORDISKA AfRIKAINSTITUTET, UppSALA 2011 Indexing terms: Botswana Ruling class Elite Leadership Governance Political stability Democracy Economic performance Development planning Economic and social development The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Language checking: Peter Colenbrander ISSN 1104-8417 ISBN 978-91-7106-695-4 © The authors and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2011 Production: Byrå4 Print on demand, Lightning Source UK Ltd. The Elite as a Critical Factor in National Development Contents Acknowledgement Note ...............................................................................................................................4 Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................5 Abstract................................................................................................................................................................7 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................8 The Developmental State as a Conceptual Framework ....................................................................8 The Cultural -
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Annual Report 2019 GROWING A CONNECTED AND DIGITALLY DRIVEN SOCIETY CONTENTS 1 About this Report INTRODUCTION 01 6 Chairman’s Statement 8 Board of Directors 10 Chief Executive’s Statement 14 Management 16 Executive Management GOVERNANCE 02 20 Role of the Board 22 Board Participation 23 Internal Audit 24 National Broadband Strategy 25 Project Management 26 UASF Strategy REVIEWS 03 30 Market Performance Review 64 Customer Protection 67 Stakeholder Engagement 72 Corporate Social Investment 73 Human Capital Management 75 Organisational Capital FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 04 80 General Information 81 Board Members’ Report 82 Board Members’ Responsibilities and Approval 83 Independent Auditor's Report 88 Consolidated and Separate Statements of Financial Position 89 Consolidated and Separate Statements of Comprehensive Income 90 Consolidated and Separate Statements of Cash Flows 91 Consolidated and Separate Statements of Changes in Equity 93 Accounting Policies 107 Notes to the Annual Financial Statements The following supplementary information does not form part of the Annual Financial Statements and is unaudited: 128 Detailed Income Statement REPORT APPROACH To truly demonstrate how BOCRA has performed in the period under review, we know we need to assess ourselves across a number of key spheres; these being: against our Strategic Plan ABOUT THIS and Policy, Commercial, Legal, Financial, Market and Technology. We cannot REPORT and must not work in silos without appreciation of our surrounding ecosystem, for these stand to shape who we are and what we do, as well as how strongly we deliver. This Report is therefore holistic in looking at an integrated reporting style. TELECOMMUNICATIONS BROADCASTING POSTAL INTERNET PRINTED SECTION ONLINE SECTION This printed Integrated Annual Report strives to provide a holistic An online version of this Integrated overview of the performance of Annual Report can be found at BOCRA and its efforts throughout the www.bocra.org.bw period under review, designed with clear sections and themes for the ease of the reader. -
What Has Made Political Institutions in Botswana and Mauritius Tick?
Taiwan Journal of Democracy, Volume 12, No. 1: 145-168 What Has Made Political Institutions in Botswana and Mauritius Tick? David Sebudubudu and Keneilwe Mooketsane Abstract Botswana and Mauritius are among the select few countries in Africa that are notable for successfully fostering development. That there is a consensus regarding Botswana and Mauritius as extraordinary cases of democratic development in Africa is beyond dispute, and their success and, indeed, “exceptionality” has been well documented by various analysts. The prominence of the two African cases is illustrative of the challenges and promises African politics hold. What is particularly interesting about the two countries is that they succeeded in the face of adversity, where many countries in Africa failed. In fact, institutions in the two countries, in the main, have endured and aided democratic development as opposed to impeding it. In other words, the two countries have ensured effective and quality institutions. The question we seek to answer is what has made their political institutions effective, while the same cannot be said about the institutions in most of their peer nations. We argue that the success of political institutions in the two countries is an outcome of multiple factors: strong and committed leadership, ability to manage ethnic diversity, a competent and meritorious bureaucracy and strong state capacity, as well as the ability to forge a public-private sector coalition. It is these factors that the essay seeks to explain. Keywords: Botswana, institutions, effective leadership, Mauritius, successful democratic transitions. Institutions, particularly their endurance and stability, are central to the success of a country. -
A History of Marriage and Citizenship: Kalanga Women's Experiences In
A HISTORY OF MARRIAGE AND CITIZENSHIP: KALANGA WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES IN POST-COLONIAL BOTSWANA UNTIL 2005 BY UNALUDO SECHELE THIS THESIS HAS BEEN SUBMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE FACULTY OF THE HUMANITIES, FOR THE CENTRE FOR AFRICA STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE. FEBRUARY 2015 SUPERVISOR: PROF. I.R. PHIMISTER CO-SUPERVISOR: DR D. SPENCE Declaration I declare that the dissertation hereby submitted by me for the Master of Arts degree at the University of the Free State is my own independent work and has not previously been submitted by me at another university/faculty. I furthermore cede copyright of the dissertation in favour of the University of the Free State. Unaludo Sechele ABSTRACT This study examines Kalanga women‟s experiences in relation to marriage and citizenship legislation in Botswana between 1966 and 2005. The analyses of the study are based on legislation affecting all women in Botswana, but are specifically focused on a group of rural women of Kalanga origin. A number of legislations in Botswana affected the Kalanga women, but the emphasis of this study falls on the Citizenship Act (1984), leading to its amendment in 1995, and the Abolition of Marital Power Act (2004). The Citizenship Act (1984) had to be amended because it discriminated against women as it rendered the passing on of citizenship to children patrilineal. The Abolition of Marital Power Act (2004), on the other hand, came about as a result of oppression that married women faced as they did not have rights and were considered minors as per common and customary law. -
Kgosi Linchwe II, the Bakgatla and Botswana in the South African Liberation Struggle, 1948
This article was downloaded by: [Cambridge University Library] On: 28 April 2015, At: 04:36 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Southern African Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjss20 Chiefly Power in a Frontline State: Kgosi Linchwe II, the Bakgatla and Botswana in the South African Liberation Struggle, 1948–1994 Louisa Cantwella a Faculty of History, University of Cambridge; Macmillan Center for International and Area Studies, Yale University Published online: 16 Mar 2015. Click for updates To cite this article: Louisa Cantwell (2015) Chiefly Power in a Frontline State: Kgosi Linchwe II, the Bakgatla and Botswana in the South African Liberation Struggle, 1948–1994, Journal of Southern African Studies, 41:2, 255-272, DOI: 10.1080/03057070.2015.1012910 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2015.1012910 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Versions of published Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open articles and Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open Select articles posted to institutional or subject repositories or any other third-party website are without warranty from Taylor & Francis of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement.