Fossillagerstätte Geiseltal
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/ Chapter 2 THE FOSSIL RECORD OF BIRDS Storrs L. Olson Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC. I. Introduction 80 II. Archaeopteryx 85 III. Early Cretaceous Birds 87 IV. Hesperornithiformes 89 V. Ichthyornithiformes 91 VI. Other Mesozojc Birds 92 VII. Paleognathous Birds 96 A. The Problem of the Origins of Paleognathous Birds 96 B. The Fossil Record of Paleognathous Birds 104 VIII. The "Basal" Land Bird Assemblage 107 A. Opisthocomidae 109 B. Musophagidae 109 C. Cuculidae HO D. Falconidae HI E. Sagittariidae 112 F. Accipitridae 112 G. Pandionidae 114 H. Galliformes 114 1. Family Incertae Sedis Turnicidae 119 J. Columbiformes 119 K. Psittaciforines 120 L. Family Incertae Sedis Zygodactylidae 121 IX. The "Higher" Land Bird Assemblage 122 A. Coliiformes 124 B. Coraciiformes (Including Trogonidae and Galbulae) 124 C. Strigiformes 129 D. Caprimulgiformes 132 E. Apodiformes 134 F. Family Incertae Sedis Trochilidae 135 G. Order Incertae Sedis Bucerotiformes (Including Upupae) 136 H. Piciformes 138 I. Passeriformes 139 X. The Water Bird Assemblage 141 A. Gruiformes 142 B. Family Incertae Sedis Ardeidae 165 79 Avian Biology, Vol. Vlll ISBN 0-12-249408-3 80 STORES L. OLSON C. Family Incertae Sedis Podicipedidae 168 D. Charadriiformes 169 E. Anseriformes 186 F. Ciconiiformes 188 G. Pelecaniformes 192 H. Procellariiformes 208 I. Gaviiformes 212 J. Sphenisciformes 217 XI. Conclusion 217 References 218 I. Introduction Avian paleontology has long been a poor stepsister to its mammalian counterpart, a fact that may be attributed in some measure to an insufRcien- cy of qualified workers and to the absence in birds of heterodont teeth, on which the greater proportion of the fossil record of mammals is founded. -
Mammals from the Earliest Uintan (Middle Eocene) Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation, Southwestern Wyoming, USA, Part 1: Primates and Rodentia
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Mammals from the earliest Uintan (middle Eocene) Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation, southwestern Wyoming, USA, Part 1: Primates and Rodentia Thomas S. Kelly and Paul C. Murphey ABSTRACT The Turtle Bluff Member (TBM) is the stratotype section for the earliest Uintan bio- chron, Ui1a, of the middle Eocene Uintan North American Land Mammal age. For more than a century, the TBM had yielded only a few fragmentary specimens. As the result of many years of field work, numerous mammal fossils have now been recov- ered and provide an unprecedented opportunity to better define this poorly known interval. This is the first in a series of papers that provide detailed descriptions and tax- onomic revisions of the fauna of the TBM. Here we document the occurrence of the fol- lowing taxa in the TBM: Uintasorex parvulus; Microsyops annectans; Notharctus robustior; Omomys carteri; Trogolemur myodes; Washakius insignis; Thisbemys corru- gatus; Microparamys minutus; Microparamys sp.; Sciuravus nitidus; Tillomys senex; Tillomys? parvidens; Taxymys lucaris; Pauromys sp., cf. P. perdit us ; three informal sci- uravid species (sp. A, B and C); cf. Pareumys sp.; Metanoiamys sp.; and Elymys? emryi new species. Except for the previously described Hemiacodon engardae, all of the primates from the TBM are holdover taxa from the earlier Bridgerian Land Mammal age, whereas the rodents exhibit a modest diversification during the earliest Uintan. Elymys? emryi and four additional informal rodent species (Microparamys sp., sci- uravid sp. A, cf. Pareumys sp., and Metanoiamys sp.) make their appearances in the TBM and, as such, can be added to the list of index species characterizing biochron Ui1a. -
Descriptive and Comparative Osteology of the Oldest Fossil Squirrel, Protosciurus (Rodentia: Sciuridae)
Descriptive and Comparative Osteology of the Oldest Fossil Squirrel, Protosciurus (Rodentia: Sciuridae) ;RT J. EMRY I f 4H and RICHARD W. THORINGTON, JR. <%, ^ ONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY • NUMBER 47 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropo/ogy Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. -
Und Klimacharakter Der Spätmittelpleistozänen Warmzeit Von Neumark Nord (Geiseltal)
Hercynia N. F. 43 (2010): 203 –256 203 Der besondere Umwelt- und Klimacharakter der spätmittelpleistozänen Warmzeit von Neumark Nord (Geiseltal) Dietrich Mania, Dieter Hans Mai, Maria Seifert-Eulen, Matthias Thomae und Manfred Altermann 19 Abbildungen Abstract Mania, D.; Mai, D. H.; Seifert-Eulen, M.; Thomae, M.; Altermann, M.: The special environmen- tal and climatic character of the Late Middle Pleistocene interglacial of Neumark Nord (Geisel valley). – Hercynia N. F. 43 (2010): 203 –256. The geological sequence deriving from the open-cut mine of Neumark Nord allows to ascribe the in- terglacial sediments to the Saale complex. The 15-m-thick, limnic and telmatic sediments of a fossil lake are located on the ground moraine of the Saale glaciation (Drenthian, Saale I) and are covered by a periglacial sequence with the loess of the Warthian (Saale II, III). Overlying are a soil complex (Eemian and Early Weichselian) and the periglacial sequence with the loess of the Weichselian. The palynologi- cal investigation yields the Pleistocene basic succession of the vegetation. A fossil flora of fruits and seeds containing about 200 species originates from the interglacial maximum. They give evidence for the development of Quercetalia pubescentis with dry woods of the Aceri tatarici-Quercion. Steppes coexist with them (Festico-Brometea, Astragalo-Stipion). A great number of the species presently oc- cupy Southern Siberian, West-Asian and East-European as well as Pontic regions. They prove the strong subcontinental influence on vegetation and climate of this interglacial. Forest and steppe associations appropriate for comparisons presently occur in the Pannonia lowland and the southern Russian steppes. -
Messel Pit – Wikipedia Germany
03/08/2018 Messel pit - Wikipedia Coordinates: 49°55′03″N 8°45′24″E Messel pit The Messel Pit (German: Grube Messel) is a disused quarry near the Messel Pit Fossil Site village of Messel, (Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg, Hesse) about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Bituminous shale UNESCO World Heritage site was mined there. Because of its abundance of fossils, it has significant geological and scientific importance. After almost becoming a landfill, strong local resistance eventually stopped these plans and the Messel Pit was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site on 9 December 1995. Significant scientific discoveries are still being made and the site has increasingly become a tourist site as well. Contents Location Darmstadt-Dieburg, History Hesse, Germany Depositional characteristics Criteria Natural: (viii) Volcanic gas releases Reference 720bis (http://whc.unesco. Fossils org/en/list/720bis) Mammals Inscription 1995 (19th Session) Birds Reptiles Extensions 2010 Fish Area 42 ha (4,500,000 sq ft) Insects Plants Buffer zone 22.5 ha (2,420,000 sq ft) Access Coordinates 49°55′03″N 8°45′24″E See also References External links History Brown coal and later oil shale was actively mined from 1859. The pit first became known for its wealth of fossils around 1900, but serious scientific excavation only started around the 1970s, when falling oil prices made the quarry uneconomical. Commercial oil shale mining ceased in 1971 and a cement factory built in the quarry failed the following year. The land was slotted for use as a landfill, but the plans came to nought and the Hessian state bought the site in 1991 to secure scientific access. -
Mammalian Faunal Turnover Across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary in NW Europe: the Roles of Displacement, Com- Munity Evolution and Environment______
of CLIMATE & BIOTA the EARLY PALEOGENE Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Volume 105/1 Vienna 2012 Mammalian faunal turnover across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in NW Europe: the roles of displacement, com- munity evolution and environment__________________________ Jerry J. HOOKER1)*) & Margaret E. COLLINSON2) KEYWORDS Ecological diversity 1) Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK; plant fossils 2) Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK; understorey extinction *) Corresponding author, [email protected] predation Abstract Improved knowledge of the diversity of Late Paleocene mammal faunas of NW Europe indicates a higher level of turnover at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary than previously recognized. Possible causes of the large number of extinctions in Europe are inves- tigated through ecological diversity analysis of the mammals and the plant fossil record. Predation by incoming ground- and tree- dwelling specialized carnivores has been previously considered the main cause of the extinctions. However, the preferential extinc- tion of small terrestrial and semiterrestrial insectivore-frugivores, (mainly stem macroscelideans and multituberculates), which are inferred to have inhabited forests with dense understorey in the Paleocene, is also linked to the arrival in Europe of a new ecolo- gical type, the large terrestrial browsing herbivore, namely the pantodont Coryphodon, which would have reduced understorey by feeding and physical disturbance. It is suggested that there was a delay in community evolution in Europe, which in North America had previously produced large herbivorous and specialized carnivorous types. The cause of the delay may have been the persis- tence throughout the Paleocene in Europe of thermophilic evergreen forests despite the cooling in the middle of the epoch. -
Structural Attributes Contributing to Locomotor Performance in the Ostrich
Structural attributes contributing to locomotor performance in the ostrich Nina U. Schaller 2008 Dissertation submitted to the Combined Faculties for the Natural Sciences and Mathematics of the Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Germany for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences Structural attributes contributing to locomotor performance in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) presented by Dipl. Biol. Nina U. Schaller Birthplace: Kronberg/Ts (Germany) Oral examination: 16th October 2008 Referees: Prof. Dr.Dr. hc. Volker Storch Prof. Dr. Thomas Braunbeck Index A Acknowledgements B Summary C Zusammenfassung 1 Introduction 1 2 State of present knowledge and basic principles 7 2.1 Classification and evolutionary background 7 2.2 General physiology – Metabolic refinements for economic cost of transport 8 2.3 Statics and dynamics – General strategies and structural specialisations for 10 economic locomotion 3 Materials and methods 21 3.1 Integrative approach 21 3.1.1 Functional and comparative morphology 21 3.1.2 Biomechanics and locomotor dynamics 22 3.1.3 Integration 22 3.2 Ostrich raising, keeping and training 23 3.2.1 Raising 24 3.2.2 Keeping 24 3.2.3 Training 24 3.3 Itemisation of methods 25 4 Results: Analysis of locomotor system and locomotor dynamics 29 4.1 Functional and comparative morphology 29 4.1.1 Morphology 29 4.1.2 Morphometry (published as: Locomotor characteristics of the ostrich 43 [Struthio camelus] – Morphometric and morphological analyses, N. U. Schaller, B. Herkner & R. Prinzinger ) 4.1.3 Statics 55 4.2 Biomechanics and locomotor dynamics 63 4.2.1 Constraining qualities of the passive locomotor system 64 4.2.2 The intertarsal joint of the ostrich: 71 Anatomical examination and function of passive structures in locomotion (N. -
Und Klimacharakter Der Spätmittelpleistozänen
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Hercynia Jahr/Year: 2010 Band/Volume: 43 Autor(en)/Author(s): Mania Dietrich, Mai Dieter Hans, Thomae Matthias, Altermann Manfred, Seifert-Eulen Maria Artikel/Article: Der besondere Umwelt- und Klimacharakter der spätmittelpleistozänen Warmzeit von Neumark Nord 203-256 ©Univeritäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Hercynia N. F. 43 (2010): 203 –256 203 Der besondere Umwelt- und Klimacharakter der spätmittelpleistozänen Warmzeit von Neumark Nord (Geiseltal) Dietrich Mania, Dieter Hans Mai, Maria Seifert-Eulen, Matthias Thomae und Manfred Altermann 19 Abbildungen Abstract Mania, D.; Mai, D. H.; Seifert-Eulen, M.; Thomae, M.; Altermann, M.: The special environmen- tal and climatic character of the Late Middle Pleistocene interglacial of Neumark Nord (Geisel valley). – Hercynia N. F. 43 (2010): 203 –256. The geological sequence deriving from the open-cut mine of Neumark Nord allows to ascribe the in- terglacial sediments to the Saale complex. The 15-m-thick, limnic and telmatic sediments of a fossil lake are located on the ground moraine of the Saale glaciation (Drenthian, Saale I) and are covered by a periglacial sequence with the loess of the Warthian (Saale II, III). Overlying are a soil complex (Eemian and Early Weichselian) and the periglacial sequence with the loess of the Weichselian. The palynologi- cal investigation yields the Pleistocene basic succession of the vegetation. A fossil flora of fruits and seeds containing about 200 species originates from the interglacial maximum. They give evidence for the development of Quercetalia pubescentis with dry woods of the Aceri tatarici-Quercion. -
From the Northern Ice Shield to the Alpine Glaciations a Quaternary Field Trip Through Germany
DEUQUA excursions Edited by Daniela Sauer From the northern ice shield to the Alpine glaciations A Quaternary field trip through Germany GEOZON From the northern ice shield to the Alpine glaciations Preface Daniela Sauer The 10-day field trip described in this excursion guide was organized by a group of members of DEUQUA (Deutsche Quartärvereinigung = German Quaternary Union), coordinated by DEUQUA president Margot Böse. The tour was offered as a pre-congress field trip of the INQUA Congress in Bern, Switzerland, 21– 27 July 2011. Finally, the excursion got cancelled because not enough participants had registered. Apparently, many people were interested in the excursion but did not book it because of the high costs related to the 10-day trip. Because of the general interest, we decided nevertheless to finish the excursion guide. The route of the field trip follows a section through Germany from North to South, from the area of the Northern gla- ciation, to the Alpine glacial advances. It includes several places of historical importance, where milestones in Quaternary research have been achieved in the past, as well as new interesting sites where results of recent research is presented. The field trip starts at Greifswald in the very North-East of Germany. The first day is devoted to the Pleistocene and Ho- locene Evolution of coastal NE Germany. The Baltic coast with its characteristic cliffs provides excellent exposures showing the Late Pleistocene and Holocene stratigraphy and glaciotectonics. The most spectacular cliffs that are located on the island of Rügen, the largest island of Germany (926 km2) are shown. -
On Ratites and Their Interactions with Plants*
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 64: 85-118, 1991 On ratites and their interactions with plants* Las rátidas y su interacci6n con las plantas JAMES C. NOBLE CSIRO, Division of Wildlife and Ecology, National Rangelands Program, P.O. Box 84, Lyneham, A.C.T. 2602, Australia RESUMEN Se revisan las historias de los fosiles, patrones de distribucion y preferencias de medio ambiente natural-nabitat, tanto de miembros extintos como sobrevivientes de las ratidas. Se pone especial enfasis en aquellas caracterlsticas f{sicas y anatomicas de las rátidas que tienen aparente significacion desde el punto de vista de Ia dinamica vegetal, especialmente aquellos aspectos relacionados con Ia germinacion de las semillas y establecimiento de los brotes. Aparte de los kiwis de Nueva Zelanda (Apteryx spp.), Ia caracteristica principal que distingue a las ratidas de otras aves es su gran tamafio. En tanto que las consecuencias evolutivas del gigantismo han resultado en Ia extincion comparativamente reciente de algunas especies, tales como, las moas (las Dinornidas y Emeidas) de Nueva Zelanda y los pajaros elefantes (Aeporní- tidas) de Madagascar, el gran tamaño de las rátidas contemporáneas les confiere Ia capacidad de ingerior considerables cantidades de alimentos, como as{ tambien {temes particulares como frutas y piedras demasiado grandes para otras aves, sin sufrir ningún menoscabo en el vuelo. Muchos de estos alimentos vegetates, especialmente frutas como las de los Lauranceae, pueden ser altamente nutritivos, pero las ratidas son omnivoras y pueden utilizar una gama de alternativas cuando es necesario. Es aún incierto si Ia seleccion de alimentos está relaeionada directamente con Ia recompensa nutritiva; sin embargo, Ia estacion de reproduccion del casuario australiano (Casuarius casuarius johnsonii) está estrecha- mente ligada al per{odo de máxima produccion frutal de los árboles y arbustos en sus habitat de selvas tropicales lluviosas. -
The Eocene Ge
Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ www.anuario.igeo.ufrj.br The Former Geiseltal Museum (1934-2011), the Eocene Geiseltal Fossilagerstätte (Germany) and the Scientific Meaning of Ben Barnes as a Pioneer of Systematic Quantitative Vertebrate Excavations in the Geiseltal Lignites O Antigo Museu Geiseltal (1934-2011), a Fossilagerstätte Eocênica Geiseltal (Alemanha) e o Significado Científico de Ben Barnes como Pioneiro das Escavações Quantitativas Sistemáticas de Vertebrados nos Linhitos Geiseltal Meinolf Hellmund† Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Zentralmagazin Naturwissenschaftlicher Sammlungen, Geiseltalsammlung, Domplatz 4, 06108, Halle, Saale, Germany. †in memoriam E-mail: [email protected] Recebido em: 22/02/2017 Aprovado em: 20/02/2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2018_1_108_119 Abstract The Geiseltal was a productive area for mining of lignite (brown coal) for about 100 years in central Germany (state of Saxony-Anhalt). Recognition of the scientific value of its famous fossil content came about in the 1920s, and from the early 1930s onwards Geiseltal is known as a unique Eocene terrestrial/palustrial Fossillagerstätte. During your professorship and position as Head of the geological Institute in Halle (Saale) in the 1920s, he focused more and more on the famous and outstanding finds of fossils in the middle Eocene brown coal of the Geiseltal. Ben Barnes was the pioneer of systematic and quantitative vertebrate excavations in the Geiseltal lignites. With his successful work, undertaken using with modern scientific aspects of his time, he gave rise for many other researchers to do so in the same way and to contribute step by step in reconstructing the geological and palaeontological history of fauna, flora and palaeoenvironment etc. -
Vertebrata of Messel Introduction
Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg | 252 | 95 – 108 | | Frankfurt a. M., 09. 12. 2004 Fossilienfundstätte Messel Nr. 164 * An annotated taxonomic list of the Middle Eocene (MP 11) Vertebrata of Messel Michael MORLO, Stephan SCHAAL, Gerald MAYR & Christina SEIFFERT Abstract 132 vertebrate species are known from the Messel Fossil Site. In this paper, all species and genera are listed, and for each of them the first report from Messel is cited. Moreover, recent discoveries and current research projects are mentioned. The list thus reflects the state-of-the-art knowledge on the present taxonomic status of all vertebrate species and genera of Messel. Key words: Faunal list, Vertebrata, Eocene, Messel Kurzfassung 132 Wirbeltierarten sind derzeit aus der Fossilienfundstelle Grube Messel bekannt. Sie werden hier aufgeführt. Darüber hinaus werden jeweils erste Nachweise aus Messel, neue Funde sowie laufende Forschungsprojekte genannt, wodurch der aktuelle taxonomische Status der einzelnen Arten und Gattungen widergegeben wird. Schlüsselworte: Faunenliste, Vertebrata, Eozän, Messel Introduction flora. The invertebrates will be presented in a separate list (WEDMANN in prep.). A recent overview on the Bac- Comprehensive lists of Eocene organisms known from teria of Messel was provided by LIEBIG (1998) after results the World Heritage Messel Pit Fossil Site have been of biochemical (see KOENIGSWALD & MICHAELIS 1984) published several times, beginning with TOBIEN (1969 a) and morphological (WUTTKE 1983) analyses had been and KOENIGSWALD (1979), with updates in KOENIGSWALD published. These overviews provide not only quick access (1980 a) and KOENIGSWALD & MICHAELIS (1984). These to the relevant literature for a specific taxon, but may authors listed all plants and animals known at the time also serve as a taxonomic basis for the ongoing work on by their taxonomic names.