Structural Attributes Contributing to Locomotor Performance in the Ostrich
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History and Current Situation of Commercial Ostrich Farming in Mexico
2019, Scienceline Publication JWPR J. World Poult. Res. 9(4): 224-232, December 25, 2019 Journal of World’s Review Paper, PII: S2322455X1900029-9 Poultry Research License: CC BY 4.0 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2019.28 History and Current Situation of Commercial Ostrich Farming in Mexico Asael Islas-Moreno1 and Roberto Rendón-Medel1* 1Center for Economic, Social and Technological Research of World Agroindustry and Agriculture, Chapingo Autonomous University. Km 38.5 Mexico-Texcoco highway, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico. *Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0001-8703-8041 Received: 30 Oct. 2019 Accepted: 08 Dec. 2019 ABSTRACT As in many other countries, in Mexico, the ostrich aroused the interest of public and private entities for its broad productive qualities and quality of its products. The objective of the present study was to describe the history of ostrich introduction in Mexico as a kind of commercial interest, from the arrival of the first birds to the current farms. In 1988 the first farm was established, then a series of farms of significant size were appearing, all of them focused their business on the sale of breeding stock, a business that was profitable during the heyday of the specie in the country (1998-2008). The main client was the government that acquired ostriches to distribute them among a large number of new farmers. When the introduction into the activity of government and private individuals was no longer attractive, the prices of the breeders fell and the sector collapsed because the farms were inefficient and the infrastructure and promotion sufficient to position the ostrich products were not produced on the national or export market. -
Devekuşlarında Omega 3 Kaynağının Glukoz Ve Total Protein Üzerine Etkisi
Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg KAFKAS UNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI 21 (2): 225-228, 2015 JOURNAL HOME-PAGE: http://vetdergi.kafkas.edu.tr Research Article DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2014.12083 ONLINE SUBMISSION: http://vetdergikafkas.org Effect of Omega-3 Resource on Glucose and Total Protein in Ostriches Mahdi KHODAEI MOTLAGH 1 1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, IRAN Article Code: KVFD-2014-12083 Received: 04.06.2014 Accepted: 22.09.2014 Published Online: 30.09.2014 Abstract The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the canola oil on the some metabolites ostriches. In order to study the metabolic profile of ostriches in relation to diet, Six blue-neck male ostriches (Struthio camelus) were fed omega-3 resource (canola oil =3%) throughout a 60-day experiment. Blood samples were collected from ostriches on days 0 and 60 of the experiment to measure levels of total serum protein, albumin, total immunoglobulin, cholesterol, the activity of ASP, ALT, insulin and glucose. The results showed that from days 0 to 60 of the experiment, glucose and total protein levels increased significantly (P<0.05). whereas total immunoglobulins insulin, albumin, ALT and AST did not change. Keywords: Ostrich, Omega-3 resource, Glucose, Total protein Devekuşlarında Omega 3 Kaynağının Glukoz ve Total Protein Üzerine Etkisi Özet Bu çalışmanın amacı devekuşlarında kanola yağının bazı metabolic değerler üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Diyetle ilişkili olarak devekuşlarında metabolik değerleri araştırmak amacıyla altı adet Mavi-boyunlu devekuşu (Struthio camelus) 60 günlük çalışma periyodu süresince omega-3 kaynağı (%3’lük kanola yağı) ile beslendi. -
Ostrich Production Systems Part I: a Review
11111111111,- 1SSN 0254-6019 Ostrich production systems Food and Agriculture Organization of 111160mmi the United Natiorp str. ro ucti s ct1rns Part A review by Dr M.M. ,,hanawany International Consultant Part II Case studies by Dr John Dingle FAO Visiting Scientist Food and , Agriculture Organization of the ' United , Nations Ot,i1 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-21 ISBN 92-5-104300-0 Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale dells Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. C) FAO 1999 Contents PART I - PRODUCTION SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE OSTRICH 5 Classification of the ostrich in the animal kingdom 5 Geographical distribution of ratites 8 Ostrich subspecies 10 The North -
Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana
UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA METROPOLITANA DIVISION DE CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS Y DE LA SALUD PATRON CIRCADICO DE SECRECION DE CORTICOESTERONA EN MACHOS DE AVEZTRUZ (Struthio camelus) EN EPOCA REPRODUCTIVA GABRIELA RODRIGUEZ ESQUIVEL TESIS QUE PRESENTA PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE: MAESTRO EN BIOLOGÍA DE LA REPRODUCCIÓN ANIMAL IZTAPALAPA, DISTRITO FEDERAL 2004 1 La presente tesis titulada: “Patrôn circadico de secreciòn de corticoesterona en machos de avestruz (Struthio camelus) en epoca reproductiva realizada por la alumna Gabriela Rodríguez Esquivel, ha sido aprobada y aceptada por el Jurado como requisito parcial para obtener el grado de: MAESTRO EN BIOLOGÍA DE LA REPRODUCCIÓN ANIMAL JURADO PRESIDENTE M. en C. ARTURO L. PRECIADO LOPEZ SECRETARIO M en C Ma. TERESA JARAMILLO JAIMES VOCAL M en C JORGE IVÁN OLIVERA LÓPEZ Iztapalapa, Distrito Federal a 2 de Diciembre de 2004 2 ESTA TESIS FUE REALIZADA EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA DE LA REPRODUCCIÓN DE LA DIVISIÓN DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y DE LA SALUD DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA METROPOLITANA UNIDAD IZTAPALAPA, COMO PARTE DEL PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACION “ESTUDIO HORMONAL Y METABÓLICO DE LA REPRODUCCIÓN DE LA HEMBRA PECARI DE COLLAR (Tayassu tajacu)” BAJO LA DIRECCIÓN DE : M. en C. JORGE IVÁN OLIVERA LÓPEZ y M. en C. MARÍA TERESA JARAMILLO JAIMES. 3 AL LABORATORIO DE HORMONAS ESTEROIDES DEL INSTITUO NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS MEDICAS Y NUTRICIÓN “DR. SALVADOR ZUBIRÁN” Y EN PARTICULAR A LA QFB. LOURDES BOECK QUIRASCO Y AL BIÓLOGO ROBERTO CHAVIRA RAMÍREZ POR SU APOYO Y ORIENTACIÓN, QUE DESINTERESADAMENTE ME DIERON EN LA PARTE EXPERIMENTAL EL TRABAJO DE TESIS. ASI COMO A TODOS LOS INTEGRANTES DEL LABORATORIO POR EL APOYO Y LOS MOMENTOS AGRADABLES QUE VIVIMOS. -
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/ Chapter 2 THE FOSSIL RECORD OF BIRDS Storrs L. Olson Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC. I. Introduction 80 II. Archaeopteryx 85 III. Early Cretaceous Birds 87 IV. Hesperornithiformes 89 V. Ichthyornithiformes 91 VI. Other Mesozojc Birds 92 VII. Paleognathous Birds 96 A. The Problem of the Origins of Paleognathous Birds 96 B. The Fossil Record of Paleognathous Birds 104 VIII. The "Basal" Land Bird Assemblage 107 A. Opisthocomidae 109 B. Musophagidae 109 C. Cuculidae HO D. Falconidae HI E. Sagittariidae 112 F. Accipitridae 112 G. Pandionidae 114 H. Galliformes 114 1. Family Incertae Sedis Turnicidae 119 J. Columbiformes 119 K. Psittaciforines 120 L. Family Incertae Sedis Zygodactylidae 121 IX. The "Higher" Land Bird Assemblage 122 A. Coliiformes 124 B. Coraciiformes (Including Trogonidae and Galbulae) 124 C. Strigiformes 129 D. Caprimulgiformes 132 E. Apodiformes 134 F. Family Incertae Sedis Trochilidae 135 G. Order Incertae Sedis Bucerotiformes (Including Upupae) 136 H. Piciformes 138 I. Passeriformes 139 X. The Water Bird Assemblage 141 A. Gruiformes 142 B. Family Incertae Sedis Ardeidae 165 79 Avian Biology, Vol. Vlll ISBN 0-12-249408-3 80 STORES L. OLSON C. Family Incertae Sedis Podicipedidae 168 D. Charadriiformes 169 E. Anseriformes 186 F. Ciconiiformes 188 G. Pelecaniformes 192 H. Procellariiformes 208 I. Gaviiformes 212 J. Sphenisciformes 217 XI. Conclusion 217 References 218 I. Introduction Avian paleontology has long been a poor stepsister to its mammalian counterpart, a fact that may be attributed in some measure to an insufRcien- cy of qualified workers and to the absence in birds of heterodont teeth, on which the greater proportion of the fossil record of mammals is founded. -
EFFECTS of PRE-SLAUGHTER HANDLING, TRANSPORTATION, and NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION on OSTRICH WELFARE and PRODUCT QUALITY by Masoum
EFFECTS OF PRE-SLAUGHTER HANDLING, TRANSPORTATION, AND NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION ON OSTRICH WELFARE AND PRODUCT QUALITY by Masoumeh Bejaei B.Sc. University of Tabriz, 2001 M.Sc. University of Tehran, 2004 M.Sc. The University of British Columbia, 2009 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Animal Science) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) July 2013 © Masoumeh Bejaei, 2013 Abstract Ostriches (Struthio camelus) are the largest living birds with only two toes on each of two long feet that support a heavy body mass. This special anatomical feature creates problems for transporting ostriches. However, little research has been done to examine ostrich welfare during handling and transportation and how this relates to product quality. The main goal of this dissertation research was to find ways of improving ostrich welfare during pre-slaughter handling and transport, which would also contribute to increased product quality and decreased product losses. To achieve this goal, three related research projects were conducted. For the first research project, a producer survey was conducted in Canada and USA. From the survey results, I identified current ostrich pre-slaughter handling and transport norms (e.g., long transportation), and also potential welfare issues in the current ostrich pre-slaughter transport practices. Based on the identified potential welfare issues from the survey, an experiment (with 24 birds) was conducted to study effects of pre-transport handling on stress responses of ostriches. The results showed that the pre-transport handling process is stressful for ostriches and should be minimized. -
The South African Ostrich Value Chain; Opportunities for Black Participation and Development of a Programme to Link Farmers to Markets
The South African Ostrich Value Chain; Opportunities for Black Participation and Development of a Programme to Link Farmers to Markets Disclaimer Information contained in this document results from research funded wholly or in part by the NAMC acting in good faith. Opinions, attitudes and points of view expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the NAMC. The NAMC makes no claims, promises, or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the contents of this document and expressly disclaims liability for errors and omissions regarding the content thereof. No warranty of any kind, implied, expressed, or statutory, including but not limited to the warranties of non-infringement of third party rights, title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or freedom from computer virus is given with respect to the contents of this document in hardcopy, electronic format or electronic links thereto. Reference made to any specific product, process, and service by trade name, trade mark, manufacturer or another commercial commodity or entity are for informational purposes only and do not constitute or imply approval, endorsement or favouring by the NAMC. © Copyright - National Agricultural Marketing Council. In terms of the Copyright Act. No. 98 of 1978, no part of this Report may be reproduced or transmitted in or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the Publisher. The information contained in this Report may not be used without acknowledging the publisher. Published by NAMC, Private bag X935, PRETORIA, 0001, Tel: (012) 341 1115 ii The South African Ostrich Value Chain; Opportunities for black participation and Development of a programme to link Farmers to Markets. -
Messel Pit – Wikipedia Germany
03/08/2018 Messel pit - Wikipedia Coordinates: 49°55′03″N 8°45′24″E Messel pit The Messel Pit (German: Grube Messel) is a disused quarry near the Messel Pit Fossil Site village of Messel, (Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg, Hesse) about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Bituminous shale UNESCO World Heritage site was mined there. Because of its abundance of fossils, it has significant geological and scientific importance. After almost becoming a landfill, strong local resistance eventually stopped these plans and the Messel Pit was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site on 9 December 1995. Significant scientific discoveries are still being made and the site has increasingly become a tourist site as well. Contents Location Darmstadt-Dieburg, History Hesse, Germany Depositional characteristics Criteria Natural: (viii) Volcanic gas releases Reference 720bis (http://whc.unesco. Fossils org/en/list/720bis) Mammals Inscription 1995 (19th Session) Birds Reptiles Extensions 2010 Fish Area 42 ha (4,500,000 sq ft) Insects Plants Buffer zone 22.5 ha (2,420,000 sq ft) Access Coordinates 49°55′03″N 8°45′24″E See also References External links History Brown coal and later oil shale was actively mined from 1859. The pit first became known for its wealth of fossils around 1900, but serious scientific excavation only started around the 1970s, when falling oil prices made the quarry uneconomical. Commercial oil shale mining ceased in 1971 and a cement factory built in the quarry failed the following year. The land was slotted for use as a landfill, but the plans came to nought and the Hessian state bought the site in 1991 to secure scientific access. -
Malachitfischer E King Fischer.Pdf
Namibia und Botswana – The King Fisher The focus of this spectacular trip lies on the northern parts of Namibia as well as the adventures Okavango Delta in Botswana. Thus you will have many great animal encounters on this tour. Day 1: Airport - Windhoek Arrive in Windhoek. Spend the day at leisure. Windhoek is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Namibia. It is located in central Namibia in the Khomas Highland plateau area, at around 1 700 metres above sea level. The population of Windhoek in 2011 was 322 500 and grows continually due to an influx from all over Namibia. The town developed at the site of a permanent spring known to the indigenous pastoral communities. It developed rapidly after Jonker Afrikaner, Captain of the Orlam, settled here in 1840 and built a stone church for his community. However, in the decades thereafter multiple wars and hostilities led to the neglect and destruction of the new settlement such that Windhoek was founded a second time in 1890 by Imperial German army Major Curt von François. Windhoek is the social, economic, and cultural centre of the country. Nearly every Namibian national enterprise, governmental body, educational and cultural institution is headquartered here. Notable landmarks are: Parliament Gardens, Christ Church (lutheran church opened in 1910, built in the gothic revival style with Art Nouveau elements.), Tintenpalast (Ink Palace -within Parliament Gardens, the seat of both chambers of the Parliament of Namibia. Built between 1912 and 1913 and situated just north of Robert Mugabe Avenue), Alte Feste (built in 1890 and houses the National Museum), Reiterdenkmal (Equestrian Monument - a statue celebrating the victory of the German Empire over the Herero and Nama in the Herero and Namaqua War of 1904–1907), Supreme Court of Namibia Built between 1994 and 1996 it is Windhoek's only building erected post-independence in an African style of architecture. -
(Struthio Camelus). J
2017, Scienceline Publication JWPR J. World Poult. Res. 7(2): 72-78, June 25, 2017 Journal of World’s Review Paper, PII: S2322455X1700009-7 Poultry Research License: CC BY 4.0 Understanding of Social and Mating Behaviour of Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Nasir Mukhtar1*, Gazala1 and Muhammad Waseem Mirza2 1Station for Ostrich Research and Development - Department of Poultry Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan 2Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences Department - Harper Adams University, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom *Corresponding author`s Email: [email protected] Received: 06 April 2017 Accepted: 09 May 2017 ABSTRACT The ostrich is the largest wild ratite bird. The head of ostrich is 1.8-2.75m above ground due to large legs. The ostrich is the largest vertebrate and achieves a speed of 60-65km/h. There are four extinct subspecies and limited to Africa. The preferred habitat in nature is the open area, small grass corners and open desert. They choose more open woodland and avoid areas of dense woodland and tall grass. In natural environment, ostrich is gregarious and lives in groups. This small crowd are led mature sire or dam. Walking, chasing and kantling are exhibited to protect the territories by males. Off springs are protected by adults from predator by mock injury. Other behaviours are yawning, stretching and thermoregulation. Frequency of mating is low in captivity. Mostly male-female ratio is 1:2 (Male: Female) kept in experiment and ostriches are selective in case of their mates and they might direct their courtship displays at humans rather than their mates, due to the presence of humans around in captivity. -
On Ratites and Their Interactions with Plants*
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 64: 85-118, 1991 On ratites and their interactions with plants* Las rátidas y su interacci6n con las plantas JAMES C. NOBLE CSIRO, Division of Wildlife and Ecology, National Rangelands Program, P.O. Box 84, Lyneham, A.C.T. 2602, Australia RESUMEN Se revisan las historias de los fosiles, patrones de distribucion y preferencias de medio ambiente natural-nabitat, tanto de miembros extintos como sobrevivientes de las ratidas. Se pone especial enfasis en aquellas caracterlsticas f{sicas y anatomicas de las rátidas que tienen aparente significacion desde el punto de vista de Ia dinamica vegetal, especialmente aquellos aspectos relacionados con Ia germinacion de las semillas y establecimiento de los brotes. Aparte de los kiwis de Nueva Zelanda (Apteryx spp.), Ia caracteristica principal que distingue a las ratidas de otras aves es su gran tamafio. En tanto que las consecuencias evolutivas del gigantismo han resultado en Ia extincion comparativamente reciente de algunas especies, tales como, las moas (las Dinornidas y Emeidas) de Nueva Zelanda y los pajaros elefantes (Aeporní- tidas) de Madagascar, el gran tamaño de las rátidas contemporáneas les confiere Ia capacidad de ingerior considerables cantidades de alimentos, como as{ tambien {temes particulares como frutas y piedras demasiado grandes para otras aves, sin sufrir ningún menoscabo en el vuelo. Muchos de estos alimentos vegetates, especialmente frutas como las de los Lauranceae, pueden ser altamente nutritivos, pero las ratidas son omnivoras y pueden utilizar una gama de alternativas cuando es necesario. Es aún incierto si Ia seleccion de alimentos está relaeionada directamente con Ia recompensa nutritiva; sin embargo, Ia estacion de reproduccion del casuario australiano (Casuarius casuarius johnsonii) está estrecha- mente ligada al per{odo de máxima produccion frutal de los árboles y arbustos en sus habitat de selvas tropicales lluviosas. -
Vertebrata of Messel Introduction
Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg | 252 | 95 – 108 | | Frankfurt a. M., 09. 12. 2004 Fossilienfundstätte Messel Nr. 164 * An annotated taxonomic list of the Middle Eocene (MP 11) Vertebrata of Messel Michael MORLO, Stephan SCHAAL, Gerald MAYR & Christina SEIFFERT Abstract 132 vertebrate species are known from the Messel Fossil Site. In this paper, all species and genera are listed, and for each of them the first report from Messel is cited. Moreover, recent discoveries and current research projects are mentioned. The list thus reflects the state-of-the-art knowledge on the present taxonomic status of all vertebrate species and genera of Messel. Key words: Faunal list, Vertebrata, Eocene, Messel Kurzfassung 132 Wirbeltierarten sind derzeit aus der Fossilienfundstelle Grube Messel bekannt. Sie werden hier aufgeführt. Darüber hinaus werden jeweils erste Nachweise aus Messel, neue Funde sowie laufende Forschungsprojekte genannt, wodurch der aktuelle taxonomische Status der einzelnen Arten und Gattungen widergegeben wird. Schlüsselworte: Faunenliste, Vertebrata, Eozän, Messel Introduction flora. The invertebrates will be presented in a separate list (WEDMANN in prep.). A recent overview on the Bac- Comprehensive lists of Eocene organisms known from teria of Messel was provided by LIEBIG (1998) after results the World Heritage Messel Pit Fossil Site have been of biochemical (see KOENIGSWALD & MICHAELIS 1984) published several times, beginning with TOBIEN (1969 a) and morphological (WUTTKE 1983) analyses had been and KOENIGSWALD (1979), with updates in KOENIGSWALD published. These overviews provide not only quick access (1980 a) and KOENIGSWALD & MICHAELIS (1984). These to the relevant literature for a specific taxon, but may authors listed all plants and animals known at the time also serve as a taxonomic basis for the ongoing work on by their taxonomic names.