“The Mission of the Hisatsinom Chapter of the Archaeological Society is to further the education, opportunities and experiences of its members, students and the general public by partnering with and serving the archaeological, avocational archaeological, and related scientific communities of the Montezuma Valley, the Four Corners area and the State of Colorado.”

VOLUME 27 NOVEMBER 2015 ISSUE 11

November Meeting

7pm Tuesday, November 3

At the Sunflower Theatre, NE corner of Main and Market in Cortez – doors open at 6:30!

This presentation is part of the 2015 Four Corners Lecture Series

Sheila Goff and Ernest House, Jr. present, NAGPRA at 25: Colorado's Implementation Present and Future

This presentation will provide a brief overview of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and then focus on its implementation by the State through the collaboration among the Colorado Commission of Indian Affairs, History Colorado, the Southern Ute Indian Tribe, and the . This collaboration has provided a national model for other states to use. Finally, the presentation will discuss some of the impacts of NAGPRA in the Four Corners. ------

Sheila Goff has been the NAGPRA Liaison/Curator of Archaeology at History Colorado since 2007. She graduated from the University of Colorado-Boulder in 2005 with a degree in Museum and Field Studies. Her cognate area was Southwest archaeology and her museum focus was collections management. At History Colorado, she coordinates the efforts of the NAGPRA Team, cares for the archaeology and ethnographic collection, and participates in exhibit development. She is currently on the team for the expansion of the in Montrose. As Executive Director for the Colorado Commission of Indian Affairs (CCIA), Ernest House maintains the communication between the Southern Ute Indian Tribe, the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Tribe, and other American Indian organizations, state agencies, and affiliated groups. Ernest works closely with Governor Hickenlooper, Lt. Governor Garcia, and the CCIA members to maintain a government-to-government relationship between the State of Colorado and tribal governments. Ernest is an enrolled member of the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe in Towaoc, Colorado. He previously held the position of Executive Director under Governor Bill Owens and Governor Bill Ritter from 2005-2010. Ernest is a 2012 American Marshall Memorial Fellow, 2013 Denver Business Journal Forty under 40 awardee, and 2015 President’s Award recipient from History Colorado for his great service to Tribes and historic preservation in Colorado. Ernest currently serves on Governor Hickenlooper’s Education Leadership Council, the Colorado Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Council, and the Fort Lewis College Board of Trustees. He holds a rich tradition in his position as son of the late Ernest House, Sr., a longtime tribal leader for the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe and great-grandson of , the last hereditary chief of the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe. ------Upcoming Meetings

December 1, Tuesday, 5:30pm at the First United Methodist Church (our old “home”) – a Holiday Potluck and Election of 2016 Officers

New Members

Tammy Hoier and Mike Todt – Durango

Susan Montgomery – Tumwater, WA

______THE TROWEL AND THE GAVEL A view from the President’s Bench By Larry R. Keller, JD November, 2015

Greetings friends and fellow archaeology enthusiasts:

I have chosen to write about two important subjects this month in this column, so I have divided them into separate headings:

The Colorado Archaeological Society Code of Ethics in Deed and Word

I feel confident that all members of our Hisatsinom Chapter are aware that CAS has a Code of Ethics which is found in the CAS Bylaws. This Code of Ethics, I am informed, has been part of CAS membership since at least the 1990s. Its principles are embodied in every professional archaeological organization of which I am aware. Every time we renew our membership, we are agreeing to abide by this CAS Code of Ethics. Every time we take one of Kevin BIack’s PAAC classes, he requires us to renew our pledge to the Code of Ethics. Given our Chapter members regular association and often partnership with Crow Canyon, the BLM Anasazi Heritage Center and the State Archaeologist’s Office, as well as other organizations, I thought it helpful to remind myself and all of you that it is sometimes not enough to simply agree we will abide by the Code. We should always try to accurately inform and educate others about our standards of ethics relating to archaeology as CAS members. This means that stating in front of others, whether CAS members or not, and whether we are joking or not, that we might bend the ethical rules a little from time to time if it is expedient, is not OK and not what we are about.

Our Chapter of CAS offers multiple services to our members (as well as the public at large) such as site surveys, field trips, speakers on archaeology and anthropology, and educational and other services. Even if joking, stating ideas such as we might trespass on the lands of Native American Tribes or private property owners without permission to look for artifacts; or talking about attempting to buy or sell prehistoric artifacts on the Internet and the like, can be misunderstood by others who may see us and our commitment to ethical archaeology as hypocritical. Although I am not a fanatic about “political correctness”, telling or joking with others that we might compromise our ethical standards surrounding archaeology for any reason is something we should never do.

When I had the privilege of serving as a state court judge in Utah, I was always conscious of the high ethical standards I was required to maintain. As such, ethics was something that I never suggested I might compromise, even in jest, when others who might misunderstand were around. I feel the same way in my capacity as a member of CAS. Whether we realize it all the time or not, we CAS members are part of the face of archaeology in a mostly rural area that is sometimes hostile to archaeology and archaeologists in general. Accordingly, we share with the professional archaeologists and archaeological organizations we work with the obligation to always encourage the highest ethics when dealing with the general public; again, not just in spirit and deed, but in the way we talk about what we do.

The CAS Code of Ethics, in its entirety, states that members of the Society will:  Uphold Local, State and Federal antiquities laws;  Conduct field and/or laboratory activities using professionally accepted standards;  Accept the responsibility, if serving as Principal Investigator, to publish the results of the investigation and to make the collection available for further scientific study;  Support only scientifically and legally conducted archaeological activities. Members will not condone the sale, exchange or purchase of artifacts obtained from illegal activities;  Respect the property rights of landowners;  Report vandalism to appropriate authorities;  Be sensitive to the cultural histories and spiritual practices of groups that are the subject of archaeological investigation.

As the old 70’s rock song said “Oh Lord, please don’t let me be misunderstood”. As enthusiasts and strong supporters of archaeology, let’s never take the chance that others might think we do anything but support our Code of Ethics. It really is who we are and what we are about, and we want to be sure those we encounter as we are out and about know that. I hope I don’t sound too much like I am preaching, but as a Presidential short-timer now, upholding ethics in word as well as deed seems to me to be something worth reminding ourselves about.

Report on the CAS Annual Meeting in Durango October 9-11, 2015

It was my privilege to have represented our Chapter at the CAS Annual Meeting in Durango Oct. 9th and 10th hosted by the San Juan Chapter. I congratulated Janice Sheftel, President of SJBAS, on the detailed planning and logistical support her Chapter provided. The Saturday Annual Meeting was held in the Fort Lewis College Student Union Ballroom, which was a perfect venue to accommodate the more than 150 delegates and presenters. Friday night, the Fourth Quarterly Meeting of the State Board of Directors and its Executive Council was held at a Main St. Durango restaurant. The activities of the next day’s Annual Meeting and other routine matters were discussed. Ten of the eleven Chapter Presidents or CAS Reps. were present, and the slate of officers for next year was announced.

On Saturday, the same ten of eleven Chapters were represented. Only the Vermillion Chapter out of Craig had no delegates attending. Fifteen speakers presented Power Point programs to the delegates there assembled. All were limited to twenty minutes, except for the evening keynote speaker, Dr. Doug Owsley from the Smithsonian Institute, who spoke on the study of Kennewick man and the methodology used, for over an hour and a half. From our area, Dr. Bruce Bradley spoke about new discoveries in southern South America, most as yet unpublished, that have pushed back the earliest dates for the peopling of South America to at least 14,000 years B.P. We were fortunate to hear from Dr. Bradley, who is on sabbatical from his position as University Professor in the U.K. Fred Blackburn from Cortez spoke about curation of his lifetime of research and collections; David Dove spoke about his latest findings regarding the Mitchell Springs Ruins Group; and Dr. Mark Varien presented on Crow Canyon’s involvement with the Pueblo Farming Project.

We delegates learned that once again, our Chapter was the highest seller of raffle tickets for the Alice Hamilton Scholarship Fund. We also learned that CAS has at present 1193 members statewide; and that Hisatsinom, with 125 members, trails only Denver and (Montrose) as having the most members; but all three Chapters are within 20 members.

The delegates amended the Bylaws and Articles of Incorporation (formerly the Constitution) of the State CAS, but most of the changes were procedural and cosmetic. Karen Kinnear, President of the Indian Peaks Chapter (Boulder) and presently State Vice President, was elected to serve as State President for 2016. As an aside, Karen is looking to retire and move to Montezuma County sometime in the near future, and we shall be very fortunate to have her as a member of our Chapter! The new State Vice President will be Bob Rushforth, President of the Chipeta Chapter.

It was announced that CAS is now a full-fledged member of Facebook, and all members were invited to join in the excellent conversations about archaeology in our state being conducted there. Over 800 members have already joined CAS on its Facebook page. The Annual Meeting will be hosted by the newly resurrected Grand Junction Chapter next year. That Chapter in its first year trails us in membership by less than ten members (fourth overall). Doug Vanetten, its President, and his officers have worked very hard with the college there to develop that Chapter, and they have done an outstanding job.

A report was made regarding a proposal to bring Chapter registration on-line, making it easier for local treasurers and membership officers to deal with renewals and new applications for membership. The state committee handling this matter is dealing with certain problematic issues and promised a report again at the January 2016 Quarterly Meeting in Boulder. I predict that the day will come when it will be as easy to sign up or renew Chapter membership as it is to buy something on Amazon and the like, but it is difficult to say exactly when that will occur.

Of course much more occurred, but these are the highlights. I was proud that, by my count, approximately fourteen of our Chapter members (including several new members) attended and participated for at least some period of time. I thank them for representing us and know all found the experience well worth the drive to Durango. I urge those of you who are interested in more information about the Annual Meeting to check out the report by the State folks in the upcoming Surveyor Newsletter.

I hope to see you all at the Sunflower Theatre on Tuesday November 3rd at 7:00 p.m. when Sheila Goff and Ernest House, Jr. will speak on “NAGPRA at 25: Colorado’s Implementation Present and Future”.

Larry R. Keller President ______

Message from the Treasurer

Now is the time to renew your Hisatsinom Chapter and CAS membership, which runs October 1 2015 through October 1 2016. The membership form is online linked to this page: https://sites.google.com/site/hisatsinomchapter1/membership and is included at the end of this newsletter.

Paper copies of the membership form will be available at the November evening meeting.

CAS is developing an online renewal system, but at present we are still operating with paper forms, checks, and mail. Thanks for your patience. ______

Chapter Survey Update

The team almost doubled in size, going from 8 to 13 members, with the completion of seven hours of training at Crow Canyon Archaeological Center and the Anasazi Heritage Center in September. The five new survey team members are: Barb Headley, Tom Hayden, Barbara Stagg, Kim Sturm, and Brad Williams. In October, they all participated in the survey of a 40 acre property where the team recorded a total of nine sites. Work at the 40 acre parcel, adjacent to the 100 acre property that we had just completed, came just in time to allow our five new members the chance to survey immediately following the September training. The owners of this new parcel reside in Denver and were concerned about the potential destruction of an archaeology site when they start construction of a home they are planning to build when they retire. After an invitation by them to see if they had cultural resources, and finding high densities, we embarked on this project with the addition of our five new team members. This couple is new to our area, but through our team contacts have now joined our chapter, taken the initiative to participate in the survey, have visited Crow Canyon, and they eagerly want to learn more about archaeology and our vast cultural resource past. This is a great example of how the survey team is fulfilling the Hisatsinom chapter mission of education and preservation of the past human experience on this magnificent landscape. Our next survey will start in mid-November on a 70 acre property close to Hartman Canyon. We plan on continuing survey as long as the winter weather cooperates. - Bob McBride

Recent finds (thanks to Bob and Diane McBride for these photos)

Trough metate Gourd dipper handle painted inside

October Field Trip Report The Hatch Site

The Hisatsinom Chapter is grateful to the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center and archaeologist Caitlin Sommer for accommodating nine members of our chapter during a very important time for their organization. Thank You, Thank You, Thank You. Please excuse this writer’s lack of writing ability and technical knowledge in preparing this report! Any inaccuracies are not due to the excellent job of the presenter, but rather the author. We were taken to visit the Hatch Site, which is a cluster of four sites that are on a ridge and considered a part of the Dillard Community and are part of the 210 sites identified at The Indian Camp Ranch. These four sites are located in an area of rolling uplands with eolian silt loam overriding the Dakota Sandstone and are located at approximately 6200 feet elevation. Excavations were planned to shed light on the social and political implications of the architecture and structure of the community caused by the population growth of the BMIII period. This area was chosen because of the large number of BMIII sites. The excavation plans were well laid out and the surface grading several decades ago did not prohibit the identification of a treasure chest of information. This is information that a group such as ours might have overlooked if it were not for Caitlin’s knowledge and oratory skills! There were indications of habitation on the ridge during BMIII and relocation to the valley below followed by a return to the ridge during PII to PIII times resulting in a multi-component structure. I personally found the view of the valley to the south and southwest from this ridge astounding, with the ability to see the location of many areas of habitation. However I question the resolve of those living here to withstand the spring winds. The juniper and pinon trees would have been significantly taller than today, reducing the wind, but that would also have reduced the view. The Badger Den was a multi-component site. Two kivas were identified with the architecture of one differing from expectations of a PII kiva, that is it did not have plastered interior walls. The kiva meeting architectural expectations demonstrated intentional closing exhibited by walls blackened by smoke and an intact fallen roof. The work performed at these four sites: Dry Ridge, Pasquin, Badger Den, and Sagebrush House have contributed pieces to the puzzle called the Basketmaker Communities Project. – Richard Robinson

Left to right: archaeologist Caitlin Sommer, Lillian Wakeley, Jim Wakeley, Laura DiPaolo (thanks to Read Brugger for this photo)

------The series on Getting to Know Your Hisatsinom Board Members continues: Following is a (very) short biography of Treasurer Lillian Wakeley.

“I retired to Montezuma County in 2011, after 35 years as an engineering geologist for Penn State and then the Army Corps of Engineers. My husband Jim Wakeley and I chose this area not only because it is beautiful, but also because of the opportunities for volunteer service related to regional archaeology, geology, and the environment. As your Chapter treasurer, I keep the books, the membership records, and address lists; and I report on these subjects to CAS. To avoid boredom, I also play organ and piano for the First United Methodist Church, teach yoga, hike, and lecture and write occasionally.” – Lillian Wakeley

October Meeting Minutes October 6, 2015

Larry Keller called the meeting to order at 7:03 pm in the Sunflower Theatre and welcomed the 115 people in attendance. He introduced Lillian Wakeley, the treasurer, who announced that it was time for everyone to renew their dues, since chapter membership runs from October to October. Next, he gave kudos to Gail LaDage, who is going on an author's tour for her recently published book Hopi Flute Clan Migration. Larry reminded everyone that the CAS annual meeting would be in Durango on Saturday, October 10, and would feature some excellent talks, poster presentations, and a board meeting and urged everyone to support it. The next meeting will be on November 3, here in the Sunflower Theatre, and will be on Colorado enforcement of NAGPRA over the last 25 years. Next came Dan Rainey, the theater's manager, who informed the audience about the location of the bathrooms, exits, and extra seats, and that the theater had a jar by the door if anyone would like to make a donation. Larry Keller thanked him, and reminded the audience that the Sunflower Theatre was donating their space to us free of charge, and that we should support them however we can.

Lastly, Larry introduced Kari Schleher, who introduced the speakers. Chuck LaRue is a wildlife biologist specializing in feathers and is also an accomplished woodworker who has attempted to duplicate many ancient wood tools. Laurie Webster is an acknowledged specialist in perishables who has been working on the Cedar Mesa Perishables Project for five years. Their talk is titled "Ancient Woodworking, Animal Use, and Hunting Practices in Southeastern Utah: New Insights from the Study of Early Perishable Collections."

Laurie began by talking about the flurry of excavation work in southeastern Utah in the 1890s. Sometimes referred to as "cowboy archaeology", the goal of these early expeditions was largely to collect perishable artifacts from the very dry caves in Utah which had excellent preservation. Most of these artifacts ended up in five museums: Chicago's Field Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, the Smithsonian, the National Museum of the American Indian, and the museum at Brigham Young University. Out of about 5000 artifacts, 4000 of them are perishable. Their group has documented 1500 of them, leaving about 2500 still to do! Using the generally agreed upon dates of Basketmaker II - 200BCE to 500CE, Basketmaker III - 500 CE to 700CE, and Pueblo I, II, and III - 700CE to 1300CE, Laurie and Chuck wanted to share some of their pictures and their observations. Chuck started out with a list of woodworking techniques they had found represented: chopping, sawing, splitting, bending, abrading and sanding, shaving, drilling, graving, and burnishing. Next he showed a number of slides of objects exhibiting these techniques, a notched log ladder, an axe hafted onto oak branches thinned and heat treated, and greasewood wedges reinforced by yucca cordage. There was a picture of a BII throwing stick with four grooves that he could not figure out how they had made. There was an atlatl with leather loops that formed round finger holes. A dartmaker’s toolkit was in the collection, showing the process by which darts were put together. It included a bundle of shredded sinew - which Chuck referred to as "paleo duct tape". They made blank foreshafts, but put feather fletching with sinew wrapping on the dart mainshaft. Arrows were compound, made of both reed and a hardwood foreshaft. There was a picture of a wooden tiller showing high polish, but the sharpened end was the outside side edge. There were pictures of a hafted bone awl with a wooden handle, a bow drill, a wooden paddle, ladle, and tray. There were a pair of wooden crutches with hide underarm pads, wooden awls (one with a knob on top) and needles, and a beveled planting stick with a crook at the top. There was a picture of a beautiful oak atlatl, a "blunt" made out of a deer shin bone, a dart with a bone foreshaft and a tapered end, and arrow foreshafts made of mountain mahogany and serviceberry.

Weaving tools and products included a cotton beater for processing, a four-foot long spindle whorl for cotton, and a threaded willow mat with the willow wood flattened on one side and rounded on the other. There was also a cradleboard made from willow and sumac and human hair used for the wrapped twining. In the traps and snares, there were several bundles of hairs. One snare stick was wrapped with turkey feather cordage. There was a "scissors" snare and a deadfall trap. Animals. There was a tanned pelt of a coyote and several bundles of dog hair. Most of the dog hair bundles were white, showing selection for white dogs. From 800 CE, there were very soft two-ply woven dog hair sashes. From a BII site, there were two-layered sandals made from the feet of a mountain lion. Deer and bighorn sheep were like "Walmart" for plateau peoples, providing many of their raw materials. Wooden draw knives were used for processing hides. Many hide sacks, used for storing corn, sunflower seeds, etc., were found. One was a looped bag made of buckskin strips, used for carrying corn meal. Several bundles of sinew were found. Horn was used in several tools, from spindle whorls to a punch which was good for taking off broad flakes. Prairie dog skin bags were common, usually with the little feet left on, and were often carried by males. An umbilical pad was found from BII times. It consisted of a wooden board covered by small animal hides; it was used to prevent hernias. Several rabbit fur twined blankets, made by wrapping fur strips around yucca fibers, were found.

Birds. Bird feathers and skins were often used. Bluebird feathers and a mallard head skin were found inside a feather box. An “amazing” blanket, which was made from over 400 bird skins, was found. The birds were northern flicker, green-tailed towhee, robin, junco, mourning dove, sparrow, pinon jay, and red-tailed hawk. The whole skin, not the wings, was used. Most of the birds used were those that could be found in the winter and which spent time on the ground, so people could catch them with hair snares. Only a small number of turkey feathers seem to have been used. The last items displayed were men's hair ornaments. These consisted of 3-13 sticks lashed together to lay flat. Feathers and quills from juncos, bluebirds, and sapsuckers were then interwoven in colorful strips.

Lastly, Laurie Webster noted how spectacular these perishables are and urged everyone to donate money to the Friends of Cedar Mesa so that the remaining 2500 perishable artifacts can be photographed and studied.

Larry Keller thanked the two speakers, gave them a piece of artwork donated by Gail LaDage, and adjourned the meeting at 8:25.

Respectfully submitted, Mary Gallagher, Recording Secretary

September Field Trip Report Squaw and Papoose Canyons

Our chapter had the best weather possible: blue skies, no wind, and temperatures that were not too cold and not too hot but rather just right. There were 12 chapter members for the first day and 8 rugged members choosing to camp out in order to play UNO. It was very important that we had excellent weather, because the roads off the main spur would not have been as much fun if they were wet! The trip went as projected, visiting a couple kilns, a shrine, multistory ruins, rubble mound ruins, a great kiva, and a great house. Our visit produced the typical thoughts: where is the water, where were the agriculture fields, was this for defensive reasons, how did they communicate, oh how quiet. The absolute silence of the day was often broken by the sounds, “it’s a PI” or “it’s a PIII Mesa Verde ware”. There were two very important characteristics about this trip. Many of the sites had the architectural room layout plan of a room block and two kivas. It was exciting to see so many dwellings with another unmentioned feature, location, location, location. Many were near a rim and were often in line-of-sight with others, even if not occupied simultaneously. The second feature was the unexplainable thrill of finding a pottery sherd with a unique pattern or tick marks on the rim or a special curvature that defines the use of that type shaped ceramic vessel, and you found it after many hundreds of years, and you return it to the same place so that the next person gets the same thrill. There is one more very important characteristic of Hisatsinom Chapter field trips, but this one in particular. That is the quality of the trip leaders Bob and Diane McBride, and the participants. Many people would have walked or driven past these sites, or perhaps stayed home to watch a football game and would never have seen them. This group however would pick up a sherd and describe its descriptive characteristics, general time and place of manufacture, photograph it, show it to others, and then return it to its original location. Many hours of preparation go into making a trip like this work, resulting in the volumes of education and thrill experienced by our group. I can’t say enough about the trip leaders and the quality of the trip. I sure hope that they lead many more trips for our chapter! Oh, I forgot to tell you who won the game, we all did! - Richard Robinson

P.A.A.C.

The full PAAC schedule is on the chapter website www.coloradoarchaeology.org click on Chapters, click on Hisatsinom

Contact Terry Woodrow regarding PAAC classes: 560-1318 or [email protected] Membership information is on the chapter website www.coloradoarchaeology.org click on Chapters, click on Hisatsinom

----- To read the CAS state newsletter, THE SURVEYOR, go to www.coloradoarchaeology.org and click on NEWSLETTER ---- THE SURVEYOR is also available as a print copy at the Cortez Public Library. It is in a folder labeled CAS SURVEYOR, lying flat on a shelf in the “archaeology section”, the 930s. It’s not for checkout; you may read it there.

Finances

Treasurer's Report as of 10/15/15

9/15/15 Balance: Expenses: $420.51 Receipts: $490.00 $3579.83 10/15/15 Balance: $3649.32

2015 Executive Board

President Larry Keller 882-1229 [email protected] Vice President Kari Schleher 505-269-4475 [email protected] Recording Secretary Mary Gallagher 292-445- 5755 [email protected] Treasurer Lillian Wakeley 560-0803 [email protected] P.A.A.C Coordinator Terry Woodrow 560-1318 [email protected] Field Trip Coordinator Richard Robinson 970-764-7029 [email protected] Newsletter Editor Nancy Evans 564-1461 [email protected] CAS Representative

Copy for the newsletter should reach the editor by the 20th of each month. Submissions are welcome.

Unless otherwise noted, meetings are held the first Tuesday of every month at 7pm at the First United Methodist Church in Cortez.

Contact us: [email protected] or write P.O. Box 1524, Cortez CO

Our website: www.coloradoarchaeology.org click on Chapters, click on Hisatsinom

Membership and Renewal Form

Date Name(s) ______

Address ______

City ______State ______Zip ______

E-mail ______Phone ______

Please Indicate: NEW______RENEW______

Individual, Family, and Student memberships include Southwest Lore, the quarterly journal on Colorado Archaeology. Individual 65+ , Individual Disabled, Family 65+, and Family Disabled memberships do not.

Membership prices include both CAS and Hisatsinom Chapter membership

Individual $26.00 ______Family $30.00 ______Individual Student $18.00 ______Individual 65+ $18.00 ______Family 65+ $20.00 ______Individual disabled $18.00 ______Family disabled $20.00 ______Total enclosed ______

The Membership Year Begins on October 1. Please remit by November 30 for uninterrupted newsletters. If you already belong to CAS through another Chapter, you may join the Hisatsinom Chapter for $10. Fill out the top part of this form and send it with your check, and write in your other Chapter. Make checks out to “Hisatsinom Chapter, CAS”. Send the membership form and dues to:

The Treasurer Hisatsinom Chapter, CAS PO Box 1524 Cortez CO 81321 Thank you