Dublin Airport Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy PDF 6061 KB

July 2021

Version 00 July 2021 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy July 2021

Towards Net Zero Carbon Emissions Carbon Reduction Strategy

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|2 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | Preface July 2021

Preface - Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy

Almost 20 years ago we began target to reduce emissions under our Advisory Council should equate to a implementing carbon management direct control and from the purchase total emissions reduction of 51% over practices at Dublin Airport. Dublin of electricity generated ‘off-airport’ in the period to 2030, relative to a 2018 Airport is the first airport in Ireland line with the latest scientific evidence – baseline. These targets are some of to achieve carbon neutral status and IPCC’s 1.5 Pathway. the most ambitious of any developed has done so following an extensive country. The Draft CRS was originally developed programme of activities to reduce and in support of the forthcoming In advance of the establishment of these offset carbon emissions in recent years. ‘Infrastructure Application’ which will Carbon Budgets, Dublin Airport has Since 2010, we have reduced our carbon seek planning permission to develop commenced a process to understand emissions footprint by 26% despite Dublin Airport from 32 to 40 million how we can achieve such targets, and welcoming an additional 14.4 million passengers per annum and associated will as part of this revise the draft CRS. passengers per annum (2019). airport infrastructure. Reflecting the Notwithstanding, the proposed review Dublin Airport recognises that decisive objectives of the National Climate Action of the CRS, the measures and aspirations action is required to continue to grow Plan (CAP) 2019, the draft CRS proposed of the draft remain relevant. To sustainably, and limit the rise in average a path to reducing emissions by 30%, demonstrate our ongoing commitment global temperature to 1.5oC above from a 2019 baseline, by 2030. to sustainability, the CRS has been pre-industrial levels by 2050. To be published, in draft form, to provide our Since then, new legislation has a front-runner in Ireland’s response stakeholders and the public with an been proposed through the Climate to climate change we are on a path overview of our carbon management Action and Low Carbon Development compatible with the climate goals of the initiatives, performance, and future (Amendment) Bill 2021, which commits Paris Agreement and the latest climate reduction plans for Dublin Airport until Ireland to achieve NZC emissions by science and recommendations published 2030, as they stood in Q1 2021. These 2050 at the latest. The Bill provides that by the IPCC in its October 2018 Special actions will provide the springboard for the first two five-year carbon budgets Report. Our Draft Carbon Reduction future carbon reduction plans. proposed by the Climate Change Strategy (CRS) for Dublin Airport sets a

|3 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | Contents July 2021

Contents

Executive Summary 6

Strategic Context – A Carbon Reduction Blueprint 9

A Call to Action: Towards Net Zero Carbon by 2050 14

Aviation Industry Response and Initiatives 19

Our Carbon Strategy 23

Our Carbon Reduction Action Plan 25

Carbon Reduction Focus Areas 32

Beyond 2030 and Towards Net Zero 39

Authors Ken Conway Prepared for daa plc Mark van Doorne Prepared by Airbiz Aviation Strategies Ltd. Tristan Noel

Reviewed by David Cohney Version 4.A | July 2021

|4 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | List of Acronyms July 2021

List of Acronyms

A-CDM Airport Collaborative Decision Making GHA Ground Handling Agent ACI Airports Council International GHG Greenhouse Gas APU Auxiliary Power Unit GPU Ground Power Unit BER Building Energy Rating GSE Ground Support Equipment BRT Bus Rapid Transit HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning CA Climate Action IA Infrastructure Application CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization CAP Climate Action Plan IEA International Energy Agency CAR Commission for Aviation Regulation IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CCAC Climate Change Advisory Council ISO International Standards Organisation CCS Carbon Capture and Storage kWh Kilowatt hour CHP Combined Heat and Power (plant) LAP Local Area Plan CIP Capital Investment Programme LED Light Emitting Diode CMP Carbon Management Plan LEV Low Emission Vehicle CNG Carbon Neutral Growth LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas CO e Carbon dioxide equivalent 2 LTO Landing and Take-off cycle (up to 3,000ft) CORSIA Carbon Offsetting Scheme for International Aviation mppa Million Passengers Per Annum CPC Carbon Performance Coefficient M&R Monitoring and Reporting (SEAI public sector bodies) CRS Carbon Reduction Strategy MRV Monitor, Report, Verify DAC Direct Air Capture NDC Nationally Determined Contributions EASA European Aviation Safety Agency NECP National Energy and Climate Plan EnMS Energy Management System nm Nautical Mile (1nm = 1.852km) EPA Environmental Protection Agency NZC Net Zero Carbon (emissions by 2050) EPC Energy Performance Coefficient nZEB Nearly Zero Energy Building (Irish Part L Standards) ESD Environmentally Sustainable Design PBB Passenger Boarding Bridge EU European Union PCA Preconditioned Air EU ETS Emissions Trading System (EU) PV Photovoltaic (solar energy system) EUA Emissions Allowance (under EU ETS) REGO Renewable Energy Guarantees Origin EV Electric Vehicle SAF Sustainable Aviation Fuels EXEED Excellence in Energy Efficient Design (SEAI) SDG Sustainable Development Goals (UN) F&B Food and Beverage SEAI Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland FCC Fingal County Council UN United Nations FEGP Fixed Electrical Ground Power UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

|5 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | Executive Summary July 2021

Executive Summary

Dublin Airport is Ireland’s largest and sustainable manner to enable Dublin In response to the IPCC’s Special Report busiest airport handling around 32 Airport to accommodate up to 40mppa. (2018), ACI Europe announced a Net million passengers in 2019 with air Zero Carbon by 2050 (NZC50) services operated by almost 50 airlines To support the amendment of the commitment in June 2019. This was to 200 destinations in 42 countries. The existing passenger cap from 32mppa to signed by more than 200 airports sustainable growth of the airport is a 40mppa, we will submit an including Dublin Airport. Through the vital driver of connectivity between Infrastructure Application (IA) to Fingal Irish Climate Action Plan (CAP) 2019 and Ireland and key global markets for both County Council (FCC). The IA submission the new Climate Action and Low Carbon business and leisure travel. The size and seeks permission to develop the Development (Amendment) Bill 2021, scale of Dublin Airport supports the infrastructure needed to enhance the which is soon to be enacted into law, the direct employment of more than 20,000 airport’s capacity and is accompanied by Irish government has proposed an people and over 100,000 jobs nationally. this Carbon Reduction Strategy (CRS). ambitious set of targets to transition As the aviation industry recovers from The CRS describes the carbon Ireland to a climate neutral economy by the COVID-19 pandemic and air management initiatives, performance, 2050. transport services resume, our forecasts and future reduction plans for Dublin indicate a return to growth beyond 2019 Airport out to 2030 and beyond. Almost 20 years ago we began pre-COVID levels by the mid-2020s. implementing carbon management In December 2015, the Conference of practices at Dublin Airport. Since 2010, Over this decade, Dublin Airport can the Parties (COP) 21st meeting of the we have reduced our carbon emissions keep growing sustainably and develop its United Nations Framework Convention footprint by -26% whilst welcoming an role as the gateway to Ireland. We on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Paris additional 14.4mppa. In 2020, Dublin continue to invest in the airport’s agreed to significant global action on Airport was accredited at the Neutrality infrastructure to meet predicted traffic climate change. Over 195 national level (3+) under ACI’s Airport Carbon demand over the 2020s and provide our participants signed the Paris Agreement, Accreditation programme. This was passengers and airlines with an committing to a pathway to limit achieved by purchasing 100% of our improved airport experience. This is average global temperature increase to electricity through a renewable energy done through our Capital Investment +2°C above pre-industrial levels, with an guarantee of origin (REGO) backed Programme (CIP) that prioritises aspirational target to limit this supply contract and compensating our spending on the expansion, temperature increase to +1.5oC. Both residual emissions through an offset reconfiguration and enhancement of the European Commission and Irish scheme. Dublin Airport’s terminal, airfield, and government are signatories to the Paris landside infrastructure over the next five Agreement and have aligned their policy To reach our long-term NZC50 goal, we years and beyond. frameworks to limit global warming to are working towards reducing absolute +1.5oC and transition to climate neutral Scope 1+2 emissions by -30% below a Dublin Airport is currently restricted economies by 2050. At COP21, the 2019 baseline by 2030. Achieving this under existing planning permissions Airports Council International (ACI) 2030 target relies on the deployment of from growing beyond 32 million announced 50 airports in Europe are to mature, affordable, and effective passengers per annum (mppa). To be carbon neutral by 2030. This emission reduction measures. These accommodate the growth forecast for voluntary commitment was doubled to measures include the use of 100% Dublin Airport, we plan to maximise the 100 airports. renewable electricity, electrification of use of current infrastructure and invest our vehicle fleets, fuel-switching and in new or refurbished facilities to The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate eventual electrification of our onsite maintain a safe, secure, and sustainable Change (IPCC) published its Special thermal energy plant, energy efficiency airport. We recognise that some areas of Report in October 2018, on the impacts measures and circular economy the airport are at or approaching their of global warming of +1.5oC above pre- practices. capacity. industrial levels and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emission pathways. The Our emissions blueprint opposite is In looking to the future, we will continue findings of this report called for drastic focussed on the initial top 15 actions to to make significant investments that reductions in global human-induced help us achieve our 2030 carbon improve the built environment across carbon emissions and were supported reduction target. Dublin Airport through a programme of by an extensive body of scientific incremental infrastructure replacement evidence. and upgrades. This will be delivered in a

|6 Carbon Reduction Strategy | Strategic Context – A Carbon Reduction Blueprint July 2021 GOAL Decarbonise all aspects of our operations and future development, and continue to work with our partners, passengers and other stakeholders to reduce or even eliminate their emissions

Scope Target Improvement Measure Saving Effect Timeframe

Maintain and renew our Airport Carbon 1 Accreditation at the Neutrality level (3+) until 2025 Indirect and compensate residual emissions by offsets

Evaluate the feasibility of an onsite anaerobic 2 digestor to support our circular economy Medium transition and supply low-grade renewable heat

Replace and upgrade end-of-life lights with energy 3 Medium efficient Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

Deliver new Near Zero Energy Buildings across the 4 airport in line with latest Irish Part L Building Medium Regulations

Replace and upgrade end-of-life ventilation and 5 building control systems with high efficiency and Medium intelligent technologies

Continue to purchase 100% renewable electricity 6 through REGO backed supply contracts from Irish Indirect electricity retailer(s)

Replace and upgrade all street, car park and high- 7 Low mast apron lights with LEDs

Complete the transition of our light vehicle fleet to 8 100% LEVs and acquire biodiesel or electric buses Low following trials/feasibility

Install more EV chargers across the airport for daa, 9 Low tenant and customer vehicles

Install a new onsite ground-level solar PV system 11 High with generating capacity up to 7.5MWp

Replace all airfield ground lights and signage with 12 Low more efficient LEDs

Achieve Airport Carbon Accreditation Transition 13 level (4+) in 2025, the highest level under the Indirect programme

Evaluate the feasibility of installing additional 14 onsite solar PV capacity paired with battery Medium storage

Optimise the thermal energy storage capacity of 15 the CHP 4 plant and upgrade its heat exchanger High and LPHW pipe system

|7 Carbon Reduction Strategy | Strategic Context – A Carbon Reduction Blueprint July 2021

|8 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | Strategic Context – A Carbon Reduction Blueprint July 2021

Strategic Context – A Carbon Reduction Blueprint

This Carbon Reduction Strategy is an essential part of our Infrastructure Application to deliver new infrastructure with capacity to meet future traffic demand up to 40 million passengers a year, whilst also meeting our responsibility to combat climate change in line with international, national and Fingal County Council commitments and objectives. Our plan to support the sustainable growth of Dublin Airport and reduce our carbon emissions by 30% in 2030 compared to 2019 levels is outlined in this strategy.

2030 Carbon Minimum Carbon Net Zero Carbon 2050 Strategic Reduction Targets Performance Levels Paris Agreement and IPCC Partnerships and o (Capital Projects) 1.5 C Warming Limit Collaboration

Climate change is arguably the greatest the future for the benefit of all our Spearheading our efforts are: existential threat we currently face stakeholders and communities while despite this being temporarily eclipsed protecting the environment. • An ambitious but achievable 2030 by the COVID-19 pandemic which struck absolute carbon reduction target; in early 2020. Despite the This Carbon Reduction Strategy (CRS) unprecedented disruption caused by the presents our approach to decarbonise • A set of minimum carbon COVID-19 pandemic resulting in a Dublin Airport. It charts an emissions performance requirements dramatic downturn in passenger reduction pathway to 2030 as part of an embedded into our Capital numbers and an uncertain recovery, we interim step in our transition to Net Zero Investment Programme (CIP); are taking action to operate and grow Carbon emissions by 2050 (NZC50). with less carbon. • A long-term transition to NZC50; For us, NZC50 means that all carbon and, Our approach to reduce carbon emitted from our activities annually will emissions at Dublin Airport is all about be balanced out by an equivalent • Strategic partnerships and ensuring our business can continue to amount of carbon removed from the information sharing to help our grow sustainably long into atmosphere. business partners reduce the emissions they are responsible for. Our long-term NZC50 goal for Dublin Airport covers Scope 1+2 emissions only.

|9 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | Strategic Context – A Carbon Reduction Blueprint July 2021

Scope 1 Sources

daa light-duty vehicles Emissions from our Scope 3 Sources Onsite CHP plant buildings, power Aircraft operations (e.g., LTO Firefighting & training plants, vehicles and cycle, APUs, GPUs) training activities Back-up power generators Emissions from Staff/passenger commute Third Party (private vehicles/public transport) Activities Third party energy use

Third party vehicles

Offsite waste treatment Scope 2 Sources Emissions Aircraft engine testing (e.g., Offsite generation of electricity from Offsite ground run-ups) purchased to heat/cool daa Grid Electricity buildings Generation (daa) staff business travel

CO2 Emission Scopes Construction works

Infrastructure Application objectives and requirements. Any plans • Scope 2: indirect emissions from the that facilitate increased passenger consumption of purchased This CRS accompanies our Infrastructure numbers at Dublin Airport must give electricity that is generated offsite; Application (IA) submission to Fingal prominence to the reduction of carbon and, County Council (FCC), to increase the emissions and safeguard the existing annual passenger cap for Dublin environment in which the airport • Scope 3: indirect emissions from the Airport from 32 million passengers per operates. FCC has aligned the LAP to airport-related services and annum (mppa) to 40mppa. reflect the targets set out in Ireland’s activities that are not owned or Climate Action Plan (CAP) 2019. controlled by an airport operator. Reducing carbon emissions across the airport is pivotal to the re-establishment Emission Categories We calculate Dublin Airport’s carbon of our business as we prepare for footprint in accordance with the GHG growth beyond the COVID-19 pandemic There are many sources of carbon Protocol and the International Standards in a balanced and sustainable manner. emissions in the aviation sector, and Organisation (ISO) 14064-1: 2006 Taking action to decarbonise in the responsibilities are shared amongst Greenhouse gases – Part 1: Specification 2020s is consistent with worldwide and numerous stakeholders. As an airport (the ISO 14064 principles). A distinction national efforts to limit average global operator, we do not have the same level is made between the three sources of temperature increase to +1.5oC above of control and responsibility towards emissions (scopes) listed above with our pre-industrial levels. each emission source across the airport. footprint results that are reported It is therefore important to clearly annually under three different schemes: We understand that the purpose of the identify the sources of emissions we are existing annual passenger cap is to limit responsible for and implement measures 1. Airports Council International’s the airport’s impact on climate change, to manage and reduce them. (ACI) Airport Carbon surrounding communities and the Accreditation programme. environment. This CRS sets out our The World Resources Institute commitments, aspirations, and plans to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol (2004) 2. Sustainable Energy Authority of deliver new airport infrastructure and sets best practice guidance on how to Ireland’s (SEAI) Monitoring and replace and upgrade existing facilities calculate and report carbon emissions. It Reporting (M&R) System. with less carbon. constitutes the technical basis of Airport Carbon Accreditation and classifies 3. European Union’s (EU) The CRS is required under the Dublin carbon emissions into three broad Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) Airport Local Area Plan (LAP) 2020. The categories: through the Irish Environmental LAP is an essential planning instrument Protection Agency (EPA). to guide the sustainable development of • Scope 1: direct emissions from Dublin Airport for the next six years, sources that are owned or translating national directives and controlled by an airport operator; targets into local airport specific

|10 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | Strategic Context – A Carbon Reduction Blueprint July 2021

A Decade of Initiative

Building on Momentum In 2015, we became one of the world’s involved a major lighting upgrade of our first airports to certify our energy Terminal 1 multi-storey and surface In late 2020, Dublin Airport was management system under ISO 50001. carparks. We installed 690 new LED accredited at the Neutrality level (3+) Our energy management system lights saving 964,500kWh of electricity under the Airport Carbon Accreditation provides a strong framework for annually. programme. This marked a significant developing and implementing our milestone reflecting the effectiveness energy policy, setting objectives and In 2018, we also installed a small-scale and strength of our carbon management targets, identifying, and managing solar PV system at Dublin Airport in programme since joining Airport Carbon energy use across the airport. This is 2018. This generates onsite renewable Accreditation back in 2011 at the done against a cycle of continual review electricity which helps to reduce the Mapping level (1). of energy practices at the airport and amount of electricity we need to initiatives to improve our performance. purchase from the grid network as well In 2012, we purchased our first electric as reducing our carbon emissions. vehicle (EV) and since then we have We were the first organisation in Ireland progressively renewed our vehicle fleet to be awarded LEED Platinum Alongside the significant reductions we with more LEVs to help reduce our certification, the highest level of have made in Scope 1+2 emissions over Scope 1 emissions. We are currently sustainability performance that can be the past decade, we have also helped testing the operational capabilities and achieved under this internationally our business partners to reduce their performance of electric buses on their recognised rating scheme, for One emissions (our Scope 3 emissions) suitability for passenger transfers. Dublin Central. The refurbishment of through the installation of new EV One Dublin Central, a six storey, 8,300m2 charging stations across the airport. The Since 2012, we have participated in the former 1960s office building, first landside EV charger was installed in SEAI’s Public Sector Partnership transformed into some of Ireland’s most 2013. All contact gates at Terminal 2 Programme. In accordance with the sustainable commercial office have been equipped with 400Hz Fixed National Energy Efficiency Action Plan accommodation. It is the current Electrical Ground Power (FEGP) units 2009-2020, we were required to headquarters of ESB International since its opening in 2010. In 2019, FEGP improve energy efficiency by at least housing up to 500 staff. units were installed at all Terminal 1 33% by 2020 from a 2006-2008 baseline. (Pier 1 and Pier 3) contact gates. We met this objective in 2013 and had We were one of the first organisations in reduced the amount of primary energy Ireland to successfully deliver a project We recognise the achievements of the used on a floor space basis by 48% in across all three stages of the SEAI last decade in reducing the carbon 2019 (kWh/m2). Excellence in Energy Efficient Design emissions under our direct control. In (EXEED) – Design, Verify and Manage. the 2020s, we will emphasise areas for The project was completed in 2018 and improvement including how we engage

|11 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | Strategic Context – A Carbon Reduction Blueprint July 2021

with our airlines and other business Dublin Airport Scope 1+2 Emissions 2010-2020 partners to reduce emissions from their operations on the ground. We will also continue to target deeper reductions of our Scope 1+2 emissions through energy

efficiency measures, increased onsite ) renewable energy generation and upgrading of our combined heat and

power (CHP) plants and thermal energy 24,375tCO2 year(base storage capability.

Carbon Management Plan 17,854tCO2 (latest)

In accordance with the requirements of the Airport Carbon Accreditation programme, we have had in place a Carbon Management Plan (CMP) for Dublin Airport since 2012. The CMP sets out the management framework, protocols, and measures to reduce, monitor and report Scope 1+2 emissions across the airport. It is updated every three years in line with our corporate policies and Airport Carbon Dublin Airport 2019 Scope 1+2 Emissions Grid Electricity Scope 1+2 Emissions Accreditation requirements. 60.9% 24,375tCO2e 14,852tCO2e The CMP contains the following Natural Gas 33.7% information: 8,204tCO2e

Diesel • Staff responsibilities, resource 3.5% allocations and organisational 860tCO2e structure; Gas Oil 1.4%

348tCO2e

• Carbon management initiatives; Kerosene 0.4%

84tCO2e • Implementation plan and timetable; Scope 1 LPG 0.1% Scope 2 • Communication, awareness, and 27tCO2e training requirements; and, the sources of our emissions through the • Self-assessment and auditing Our Baseline Performance deployment of effective reduction arrangements. As an airport operator, we are measures. The implementation of our carbon management programme has This helps to provide our internal responsible for the management of also enabled us to better understand the departments, tenants, and users with Scope 1+2 emissions. These sources of airport’s exposure to climate-related consistent information on our carbon emissions fall under our direct control or risks including transitional and physical management programme. ownership. They include the emissions from the energy we generate onsite to risks and the opportunities to address heat and cool our buildings, liquid fuels them. used by our vehicles and in fire training and the electricity purchased from Through our participation in Airport offsite sources to light and condition our Carbon Accreditation, we have terminals and offices. strengthened our climate action commitments and implemented We have measured and reported our numerous measures to reduce our Scope 1+2 emissions since 2006. This operational carbon footprint. In late has enabled us to identify and manage 2020, Dublin Airport was accredited at

|12 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | Strategic Context – A Carbon Reduction Blueprint July 2021

the Neutrality level (3+). This was achieved by purchasing 100% of our Dublin Airport 2019 Scope 3 Emissions electricity from renewable sources and Aircraft LTO Cycle Scope 3 Emissions compensating residual emissions 66.7% 258,832tCO 387,853tCO2e through the purchase of carbon credits. 2e Passenger Commute We worked with the global climate 10.7% finance and neutrality specialist, Natural 41,444tCO2e Capital Partners to purchase carbon Shuttle Buses 7.1% credits. 27,381tCO2e

Aircraft APU Airport Carbon Accreditation, the 6.1% 23,668tCO2e voluntary global carbon management Staff Commute standard for airports helps to facilitate 3.1% 11,993tCO the implementation of best practices 2e Other and achieve emissions reductions. 6.3% Accreditation provides airports with the 24,535tCO2e opportunity to gain public recognition for their achievements, across six levels new facilities such as Terminal 2 and the committed to working closely with our of accreditation which are refurbishment, replacement and business partners to help them reduce independently verified by an approved upgrading of other infrastructure across their emissions on the ground. third party. the airport. They were supported by ongoing investment in lighting and For example, we are making it easier for In 2011, Dublin Airport joined Airport ventilation system improvements, the vehicles our business partners Carbon Accreditation at the Mapping additional LEVs entering our vehicle operate at the airport to meet the new level (1). The following year, 2012, fleet, the installation of a small-scale zero- and low-emission carbon Dublin Airport upgraded to the onsite solar PV system and indirectly performance standards set under the Reduction level (2) and held that through the gradual decarbonisation of revised European Clean Vehicles accreditation until 2020. Since 2012, we the Irish electricity grid. Directive (CVD) 2019/1161. have set emissions reduction targets, implemented a CMP to achieve the Facing unprecented challenges from the We continue to identify ways in which to targets and reduced the airport’s Scope impact of COVID-19 on air transport enhance access to Dublin Airport 1+2 emissions versus the three-year services at Dublin Airport, our Scope 1+2 through incentives, promotion, and rolling average. This has coincided with a emissions reduced to 17,854tCO2e. improvements to the range of decoupling of the airport’s traffic growth sustainable travel choices. Through our from our absolute Scope 1+2 emissions. Third Party Emissions Mobily Management Plan we implement various initiatives to encourage our staff, Between 2010 and 2019, our absolute In 2019, Scope 3 emissions generated by passengers, and partners to travel to the Scope 1+2 emissions reduced by third party activities accounted for more airport on more sustainable modes of 8,382tCO e (-26%), from 32,757tCO e 2 2 than 93% of Dublin Airport’s total carbon transport, including active travel (i.e., down to 24,375tCO e annually. During 2 footprint with 387,853tCO e. As shown walking and cycling). These aim to this period, the number of passengers 2 above, the five largest sources of reduce traffic congestion on the road travelling through the airport increased emissions are responsible for 94% of the network serving the airport, relieve from 18.4mppa in 2010 to 32.9mppa in airport’s Scope 3 footprint. These are: pressure on airport carparks and lower 2019, an increase of 79%. A breakdown emissions. In 2019, the sustainable of our Scope 1+2 emissions at Dublin 1. Aircraft LTO cycle – 258,832tCO e. transport mode share of the airport was Airport from 2019 is shown on the 2 35% for passengers and 32% for staff. previous page. 2. Passenger commute – 41,444tCO2e. We also continue to equip all contact This has also translated into a significant 3. Shuttle buses – 27,381tCO e. gates at the airport with 400Hz FEGP reduction in emissions per passenger 2 units to help our airlines minimise the from 1.78kgCO2e per passenger in 2010, 4. Aircraft APU use – 23,668tCO2e. use of their aircraft auxiliary power units down to 0.74kgCO2e in 2019. (APUs) when parked during turnarounds. 5. Staff commute – 11,993tCO e. Scope 2 emissions accounted for the 2 largest source of annual reductions, Whilst we are not directly responsible decreasing by 5,433tCO e/yr. These 2 for Scope 3 emissions, we are results were driven by our investment in

|13 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | A Call to Action: Towards Net Zero Carbon by 2050 July 2021

A Call to Action: Towards Net Zero Carbon by 2050

Carbon emissions contribute to climate change. Managing and reducing carbon emissions is important for airports to mitigate their climate change impacts. Ultimately, the IPCC recommends that to limit global warming to +1.5°C, we need to reach Net Zero Carbon emissions by 2050. Intermediate milestones for 2030 and 2040 have also been identified to drive early action. Our Carbon Reduction Strategy is fully aligned with the IPCC’s recommendations as well as the commitments made by all levels of government including those of FCC set out in the Dublin Airport Local Area Plan.

National Net Zero Carbon 2050

Global Europe COP21 Paris Agreement EU - European Green Deal IPCC 1.50C Limit EU – Carbon Neutral Net Zero Carbon by 2050 Economy 2050 UN Sustainable ACI Europe – Net Zero Development Goals Carbon 2050 Goal for ACI World – Net Zero Airports Carbon 2050 Goal for Airports

Climate Change Impacts average global temperatures are airlines, and passengers. Climate forces projected to rise by +2.4oC to +3.4oC in and trends are changing the airport Climate change and more disruptive 2100 above pre-industrial levels. business environment, creating weather events have widespread uncertainties and influencing the way we repercussions for airports worldwide. For an airport, this will potentially operate. Torrential rain, powerful storms, flash damage physical infrastructure, disrupt floods, warmer temperatures, storm operations and impact utility and ground surges and sea level rise are expected to transport networks. This means continue and increase in frequency amid frequent, significant disruption to rising global temperatures. Based on scheduled flights and potentially current global efforts and agreed plans, significant costs to airport operators,

|14 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | A Call to Action: Towards Net Zero Carbon by 2050 July 2021

UN SDGs Global Action warming of +1.5oC above pre-industrial levels called for a drastic reduction of In September 2015, the UN General Currently 195 countries have signed, and global carbon emissions. The findings of Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda on 189 countries have already ratified the this report were supported by scientific Sustainable Development to stimulate Paris Agreement, including Ireland. At evidence to limit global warming to action in the areas of critical importance the national level, Ireland has prepared +1.5oC. Against this backdrop, emissions to global society and the environment. and committed Nationally Determined should be reduced by 45% from 2010 This Agenda is framed by 17 overarching Contributions (NDCs) to strengthen its levels in 2030 and reach Net Zero Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) response to the threat of climate Carbon by 2050 (NZC50). and 169 targets. change. Domestic aviation is covered by these NDCs. The decades ahead are critical to We have mapped the UN SDG tackling climate change. It is our framework against our carbon The main objective enshrined in the responsibility to take decisive steps for management priorities and identified Paris Agreement is to limit the average Dublin Airport to transition to climate the six SDGs above, which are most global temperature rise to well below resilience and NZC50. This will require appropriate to our business based on +2oC above pre-industrial levels and strong advocacy with government, the ability to make contributions and/or pursue efforts to limit this increase to industry and other stakeholders, to influence change. +1.5oC by 2100. partnerships, and leadership to decarbonise not just our activities but, to The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate work with our business partners to help Change’s (IPCC) Special Report published them reduce their own environmental in October 2018 on the impacts of global footprints.

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European Green Deal Ireland’s Climate Plan

The EU aims to be a climate-neutral Climate action is a top priority for economy by 2050, with NZC emissions. Ireland’s future and resulted in the This objective is at the heart of the publication of the National Climate European Green Deal and aligns with the Action Plan (CAP) 2019. This defines EU’s commitment to global climate Ireland’s roadmap to reduce carbon action under the Paris Agreement. The emissions in line with key policy actions Green Deal provides a roadmap to boost and incentives needed to drive progress. the efficient use of resources by moving The National CAP 2019 reflects the Paris to a clean, circular economy, restore Agreement climate goals, EU targets and biodiversity and cut pollution. sets the direction to NZC50.

To achieve the NZC50 target, interim Looking to 2030, the National CAP 2019 2030 climate and energy targets have set targets measured against a 2019 been established, including a -40% baseline to: reduction in carbon emissions, a +32.5% increase in energy efficiency and an 1. Reduce public sector carbon increase in renewable energy sourcing of emissions by -30%. at least +32%. 2. Increase public sector energy Increase Energy Integral to the Green Deal is the EU ETS, efficiency by +50%. which is used as a key tool for cutting Efficiency by 50% GHG emissions from large-scale facilities 3. Increase the renewable share of in the power and industrial sectors, as electricity generated to +70% and well as the aviation sector. requires all public sector buildings to achieve a minimum Building We participate in the EU ETS and hold a Energy Rating (BER) B rating. permit under the Irish Environmental Increase Protection Agency Act 1992, as New climate legislation, to be enacted amended. The permit, administered by this year through the Climate Action and Renewable Energy the Irish EPA authorises us to emit a Low Carbon Development (Amendment) to 70% given quantity of GHGs annually from Bill 2021 (“Bill”), commits Ireland to our onsite CHP plants that exceed a achieve NZC emissions by 2050 at the generating capacity of 20MW to heat latest. The Bill provides that the first two buildings across the airport. five-year carbon budgets proposed by the Climate Change Advisory Council Under the EU ETS we are required to should equate to a total emissions purchase emission allowances (EUAs) reduction of 51% over the period to where 1 EUA = 1tCO2. Our current free 2030, relative to a 2018 baseline. allocation of EUAs means that we will Towards Net Zero not have to purchase any EUAs until These targets are some of the most Carbon by 2050 2027. Nonetheless, we will continue to ambitious of any developed country monitor carbon prices within the ETS to providing the framework for Ireland to minimise our future risk exposure to meet its international and EU climate significant price premiums (€/tCO2) and commitments and to become a leader in market valuation under a +1.5oC limit. addressing climate change.

The new National CAP 2021 is under development, which will include increased targets for carbon emissions Minimum BER B reduction, so to enable the delivery of rating Ireland's total emissions reduction.

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Fingal County Council

Through the ‘2017-23 Fingal Development Plan’, effective measures were set to reduce carbon emissions, improve energy efficiency, and increase renewable sources for all public sector buildings and infrastructure at the local level. This includes a target to reduce carbon emissions by 40% compared to a 1990 baseline by 2030.

With Dublin Airport, we operate a critical piece of infrastructure not just for Fingal County but all of Ireland. The way we operate the airport could have major consequences on a wide range of activities around the airport. Hence, FCC has developed the Dublin Airport Local Area Plan (LAP) to ensure consistency between the airport activities and the best interest of local communities. Objective CA01 Objective CA02

The Dublin Airport LAP 2020 is aligned to Support relevant provisions Major applications for aviation international and national climate action contained in relevant Fingal County related expansion at Dublin Airport goals and commitments. It supports the Council and National policies, plans shall be supported by a carbon reduction of airport carbon emissions and any subsequent plan(s). reduction strategy to include and transition to NZC50. All future mitigation measures for development at Dublin Airport must implementation as part of include renewable energy-based development proposals. solutions and use low emissions technologies to help reduce the airport’s Objective CA03 Objective CA04 operational carbon footprint. The Dublin Airport LAP 2020 contains six Require that all new developments at Facilitate, where appropriate, Climate Action (CA) objectives which Dublin Airport incorporate design sustainable energy development development proposals must address as solutions to reduce carbon emissions, proposals and projects at Dublin part of any planning application to FCC. including the incorporation of Airport. These are shown in the graphic to the renewable energy and energy saving right and through this CRS we technologies where practicable, demonstrate how each of these CA including the use of district objectives will be achieved in support of heating/cooling systems. our IA submission. Objective CA05 Objective CA06 Policy makers continue to sharpen the focus on carbon emissions, spurred on Facilitate improved public transport All planning applications including by growing worldwide concern on links to and from Dublin Airport and proposals for more than 20 car climate change. In recent years various require that all traffic generating parking spaces shall demonstrate policies and regulations have emerged applications at the Airport provision and installation of Electric to which we must comply. For now, the demonstrate measures to maximise Vehicle charging infrastructure. main policies, plans and legislation non-motorised and public transport relevant to reducing our carbon use while minimising the use of the emissions at Dublin Airport are shown private car on the opposite page.

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The Policy Backdrop

• Kyoto Protocol - 1997 • Paris Agreement (COP 21) - 2015 • UN SDGs – Agenda 2030 • IPCC Special Report 1.5 - 2018 • IATA 3-Climate Goals | Industry-wide Strategy - 2009 • ACI Airport Carbon Accreditation Programme – 2009 • ACI World Net Zero Carbon Goal - 2050 • ICAO CORSIA MBM – 2021-35

• Climate Law & Policies • The European Green Deal - 2019 • Energy Performance of Buildings • EU Climate Law – 2020 Directive (2010/30) • Climate Target Plan - 2030 • Energy Efficiency Directive (2021/27) • ACI Europe Net Zero Carbon 2050 • Renewable Energy Directive Resolution (2018/2001) • ACI Europe 100 Carbon Neutral • Clean Vehicles Directive (2019/1161) Airports 2030 Commitment • EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) • Clean Energy for all Europeans

• Climate Action Plan 2019 (and 2021) • Project Ireland 2040 • Climate Action & Low Carbon • National Energy Efficiency Action Plan Development (Amendment) Bill 2021 • National Energy & Climate Plan • 2017 nZEB Part L Regulations • National Mitigation Plan 2017 • NASI IS393 • Action Plan for Aviation Emissions • NASI IS399 EED Management Reduction 2019 • SEAI EXEED Certification • Climate Action & Low Carbon • Display Energy Certificate Development Act 2015

• Dublin Airport Local Area Plan 2020 • Climate Change Action Plan 2019-24 • Fingal Development Plan 2017-23 • Eastern & Midland Region Spatial & Economic Strategy 2019-31

• Sustainability Policies • Sustainability Strategy • Sustainability Guidelines • Sustainability Targets • Sustainability Certifications • EU ETS Permit (Irish EPA) • Sustainable Procurement • Mobility Management Plan • ISO 14001:2015 • Carbon Reduction Strategy • ISO 50001:2018 • Airport Carbon Accredited at • ISO 55001:2014 Neutrality level (3+)

• Planning Permission • Project Approval Documentation • Environmental Permits and Licenses • Project Sustainability Statement • Sustainability Rating System • Minimum Sustainability Requirements (MSRs) • Project Sustainability Measures/Initiatives • Total Airport Sustainability Focus

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Aviation Industry Response and Initiatives

NewAircraft Aircraft AirportImproved Collaborative EfficientEfficient Airfield SustainableSustainable GlobalMarket Market-Based- technologyTechnology DecisionOperations Making InfrastructureLayout AAviationviation F Fuelsuels BasedMeasure Measure

The aviation sector is working hard to address the threat of climate change. Airports and airlines will play key roles, with decisive action required over the 2020s to accelerate the decarbonisation of airports worldwide. No individual airport or airline can combat the threat of climate change on its own. That is why significant effort is being made to unify climate action objectives through the various initiatives being led by aviation bodies like ICAO, IATA, ACI and others.

Global Air Transport Sustainable Aviation The goals are:

Air transport connects countries, The largest source of aviation industry 1. Improve fleet fuel efficiency by an economies and cultures worldwide emissions is from aircraft operations annual average of 1.5% between facilitating vital flows of trade, which contribute approximately 98% of 2009-20. investment and tourism. all air transport sector emissions. 2. From 2020 stabilise, net carbon According to the IPCC, global air travel is In 2008, leaders from across the aviation emissions from international aviation currently responsible for between 2-3% industry gathered at the Air Transport (carbon neutral growth). of total human-induced carbon Action Group’s Aviation and emissions with airports accounting for Environment Summit in Geneva to 3. Reduce net aviation carbon emissions less than 1% of this global share. Whilst deliver a strategic vision on how to by 50% in 2050 relative to 2005 this percentage of carbon emissions tackle climate change and other levels. from aviation has not changed environmental challenges, signing the significantly since 1992, aviation’s share Commitment to Action on Climate These goals are underpinned by an of global emissions is expected to Change. This call to action, one of the industry-wide strategy of: increase as other industries decarbonise. first industries to do so at the global level, launched three climate change 1. New aircraft technology. As air travel demand increases it will be goals in 2009. They were developed by more difficult to limit the consequences the ATAG Board with the support of 2. Improved operations. of global warming. Hence, the global airports, airlines, air traffic navigation aviation industry, including airports, is service providers and aircraft 3. Efficient infrastructure. committed to transitioning towards a manufacturers. lower carbon future. 4. Sustainable aviation fuels.

5. A Global Market-Based Measure.

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Airport Carbon Accreditation Levels

Optimisation 3 3+ Neutrality Third party engagement in Carbon neutrality for direct carbon footprint reduction emissions by offsetting

Reduction 2 4 Transformation Carbon management towards Transforming airport operations and those of its business partners to achieve a reduced carbon footprint absolute emissions reductions

Mapping 1 4+ Transition Footprint measurement Compensation for residual emissions with reliable offsets

Over the last decade many airports and CORSIA applies to all registered We understand our responsibility to airlines have started to integrate international aircraft operators combat climate change through sustainability and climate-related risk (commercial and private) where their reducing our Scope 1+2 emissions, and into their business strategies. They operations emit more than ultimately through continuing to operate acknowledge their societal and 10,000tCO2e/year. as a carbon neutral airport. Meaningful environmental responsibilities and emission reductions are achievable embed these as key pillars for success Under CORSIA: through new technology, improved and public acceptance moving forward. operations, and efficient infrastructure. 1. All aircraft operators must monitor, Using best available practices and Airports and airlines are also encouraged report, and verify their fuel use and innovation we can support the by economic and financial drivers, such carbon emissions on all stewardship of natural resources, future- as carbon pricing. These costs must now international flights. proof against climate-related risk to be factored into business cases, create a more adaptive, resilient airport. infrastructure investment plans, fleet 2. All aircraft operators will be purchases, flight procedure and route required to purchase “emissions A supportive, consistent policy and network decisions. units” to offset any growth in regulatory framework will be necessary emissions after 2020. to guide and enforce the sustainable In Montreal in 2016, the International development of airports. The Irish Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) We will therefore work closely with our Building Standards and Part L nearly Zero adopted the Carbon Offsetting Scheme airlines already participating in CORSIA, Energy Building (nZEB) Regulations 2017 for International Aviation (CORSIA). and advocate involvement of those that set minimum requirements for energy CORSIA is a global, route-based carbon do not (yet). efficiency, renewable energy, material offsetting scheme to address carbon choices, and carbon performance. emissions and holds airlines accountable Reducing Airport Emissions for their climate impact. Complementing the suite of Irish climate Whilst airports make up a relatively policies, plans and the Part L nZEB The first phases of CORSIA are voluntary small portion of the total global share of Regulations 2017 is ACI’s Airport Carbon (pilot and phase 1), running from 1 carbon emissions, less than 1%, they are Accreditation programme, to measure, January 2021 to 31 December 2026. still large contributors within their promote and reward airport carbon From 2027 it will be mandatory for most regional environment due to the size management worldwide. countries, including Ireland. Flight and scale of property, infrastructure, emissions will need to be offset if both and operations. ‘origin and destination’ states participate in CORSIA.

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Airport Carbon Accreditation was • Collaborate actively with large amounts of energy and fuels; developed and launched by ACI Europe stakeholders and build strong and, in 2009, initially for European airports partnerships. and went global in November 2014. • Opportunities to deliver emissions There are currently 350 airports Global Airport Leaders reduction through electrification, operating out of 74 countries that fuel switching, building and plants participate in the programme, including Airports worldwide are paving the way upgrades. Dublin and Cork Airports in Ireland. to a low carbon future as they work Around 45% of annual global passenger towards ambitious absolute carbon The benefits of airports moving towards passengers are welcomed by accredited emissions reduction targets. NZC are significant. Some of the best airports, and this continues to grow as practice initiatives and innovation being more airports join the programme. In late 2020, Swedavia became the implemented at other international world’s first airport operator to run airports, include: Airport Carbon Accreditation is unique as facilities across its ten airports on fossil- it is the only voluntary, institutionally free power. This has been a decade long • Low- and ultra-low energy lighting endorsed, global carbon management mission to progressively reduce its and ventilation systems; standard for airports. It provides a operational carbon footprint of common framework for active carbon 8,000tCO2e to “zero”. • Airfield lighting and control system management and relies on upgrades; internationally recognised All ten airports, including Sweden’s methodologies, including the largest, Stockholm-Arlanda (ARN) • Energy efficient baggage handling Greenhouse Gas Protocol and ISO 14064 handling 26.8mppa in 2019, are systems and vertical transport; to independently assess and recognise powered by, heated, and cooled with the efforts of airports to manage and renewable energy including the back-up • Onsite solar photovoltaic (PV) and reduce their carbon emissions. power generators. Between 2015-2020, battery energy storage; Swedavia invested over €60 million to Airport Carbon Accreditation provides six run its entire vehicle fleet on electricity • Ground and air source heat pumps; progressively ambitious levels of or biogas. certification as shown in the graphic at • Electrification of onsite thermal the top of the previous page. Several other airports have accelerated energy plant, vehicle fleets and their pathways to NZC to within this ground support equipment; Dublin Airport is currently one of more decade, with Hamburg (HAM) in 2022, than 60 airports worldwide accredited at Athens (ATH) and Bristol (BRS) in 2025, • Fixed electrical ground power the Neutrality level (3+) in the and Christchurch (CHC), Dallas Fort- (FEGP) and pre-conditioned air programme. Accreditation at the highest Worth (DFW), Delhi (DEL) and Sydney (PCA) units; levels, Transformation (4) and Transition (SYD) in 2030. (4+) requires airports to: • Surface access improvements with Other sustainable airport leaders across more sustainable travel choices • Align with the climate goals of the Europe, including Amsterdam Schiphol including walking and cycling access; Paris Agreement to limit global (AMS), Copenhagen Airport (CPH) and o warming to +2 C above pre- Oslo Gardermoen (OSL) have all • Energy from waste (e.g., using an industrial levels and pursue efforts committed to targets of NZC by 2030. onsite anaerobic converter); to meet the +1.5oC warming limit; These demonstrate that reaching NZC is • Sustainable, low- to nearly Zero • Reduce absolute emissions in line an ambitious but achievable goal and Energy Buildings (nZEBs); with the IPCC’s recommended 1.5oC highlights that airports of any size can warming limit to transition to operate with a minimal carbon footprint. • Electricity purchases through NZC50; renewable guarantees of origin Becoming a NZC airport requires steps to (REGO) backed supply contracts; • Commit to absolute emissions be taken to prioritise emissions and, reduction without relying on the reduction actions by considering: purchase of carbon offsets; • Carbon offset purchases as an • Carbon emissions sources, interim measure to compensate • Extend the carbon footprint particularly the infrastructure, plant residual emissions until new carbon boundary to include additional and equipment which consumes removal technologies are proven, Scope 1+3 emissions; and, certified and fully commercialised.

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Our Carbon Strategy

daa is committed to support a successful roadmap to a net zero society by 2050. Our long-term strategy is to tackle all elements of our airport’s operation, mitigating carbon emissions throughout. We want to drive this change sooner not later, and have set ourselves 2030 targets, achieving a 30% absolute reduction compared to 2019, even with all expansions planned. Thereby, we want to improve energy efficient operations and increase onsite renewables.

32,757 24,375 17,062 NZC tCO e tCO e tCO2e 2 2

2010 2019 2030 2050 IPCC Baseline Reduction Target Absolute Net Zero Carbon 1.5oC Global Warming Limit Baseline Reduction Target 1.5oC Global Warming Limit

Our Strategic Vision For that purpose, we have set three emissions and associated cost of targets to reduce our carbon emissions expanding, modernising and improving The ongoing management and reduction by 2030: Dublin Airport. They align with of carbon emissions at Dublin Airport is worldwide and national efforts to meet part of our strategic vision and longer- 1. Absolute Carbon Reduction by 30% the 1.5oC global warming limit and term plans “to be a national exemplar (tCO2e/year) on 2019 baseline. current work by the global aviation and European airport leader in industry to secure a NZC target at the sustainability on the way towards 2. Exceed public sector target for 41st ICAO Assembly scheduled for 2022. achieving our NZC50 goal”. We are energy reduction by 15%. therefore focused on measurable, When measuring against the IPCC’s 2010 performance-based outcomes to drive 3. 10% onsite generated renewable baseline, our 2030 target will position our capital programme, and prioritise electricity. Dublin Airport ahead of IPCC’s future actions and resources recommended interim target milestone accordingly. The primary objective of these targets is of -45% reduction of emissions to to optimise and, where practicable, provide acceptable alignment with the reduce the inevitable increase in energy IPPC 1.5oC limit. use, consumption of materials,

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Three 2030 The scale and size of Dublin Airport means that our staff, passengers, airlines, and the business itself, can make important contributions to reducing the carbon Carbon emissions for which they are responsible for. The measures and initiatives outlined Reduction in this CRS form an integral part of our plans to decarbonise Dublin Airport. Targets To monitor the effectiveness of our emission reduction measures, we have developed Key Performance Indicators to measure our progress to meeting these goals and targets through to 2030 compared to a 2019 baseline.

Carbon Energy Onsite Renewables (Exceed public sector target for energy reduction by 15%)

Globally and in Ireland, governments, We will continue to show leadership in This will put Dublin Airport on track to businesses, investors, airlines and our carbon management programme. meet our longer-term ambitions and airports have already taken steps to Meeting our 2030 targets will strongly continued sustainable growth. This is align their policies, plans and strategies position Dublin Airport on the IPCC’s realistic considering that over the past with NZC emissions. This is reflected in +1.5oC pathway supporting a smoother decade we reduced our emissions by an the EU’s Green Deal, the Irish (Climate transition to our long-term NZC50 goal. average of -3.23% per year and which if Action Plan 2019 (2021 plan currently continued over this decade would under development) and the Dublin Our initial priority is to focus on enable us to meet our 2030 carbon Airport LAP commitments and managing and reducing emissions under reduction target. objectives. our control or ownership. As we advance towards 2030, we want to be To build on the momentum of the last Committing to a NZC50 goal or earlier is transparent in the way we measure and decade, we also plan to upgrade to the fast becoming the norm in support of report progress especially with FCC, Transition level (4+), the highest level of the Paris Agreement climate goals and other levels of government, national certification in the Airport Carbon efforts to limit global warming to +1.5oC. regulators including CAR, and our local Accreditation programme by 2025 whilst community. maintaining our Neutrality level (3+) In response to the IPCC’s Special Report certification until then. (2018), ACI Europe announced a Net Through collaboration and strong Zero Carbon by 2050 (NZC50) partnerships with stakeholders at the commitment in June 2019. This was airport, local communities around the signed by more than 200 airports airport and our supply chain, we will including Dublin Airport. work closely with them all to help reduce emissions for which they are responsible and to keep them informed of the steps being taken to improve the overall carbon emissions performance of Dublin Airport.

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Our Carbon Reduction Action Plan

We are committed to operating and developing Dublin Airport is the most sustainable manner possible. This requires is to consider the specific opportunities and challenges to decarbonise our activities and those across the airport for which third parties are responsible all the while we harmonise our carbon management practices and plans to operate a safe, secure, and efficient airport.

Our Carbon Reduction Hierarchy

Our carbon reduction strategy builds on developed for the airport as shown may not represent the best strategy for our existing carbon management above. It classifies the complementary every project. practices and initiatives. We have options which support progress towards formulated a stepwise approach to the management of our Scope 1+2 Embedded into the planning and design ensure we can grow Dublin Airport emissions. Together the measures from phase of our capital projects are sustainably, whilst also keeping on track each of the above layers can minimum carbon performance to reducing carbon emissions on our way simultaneously reduce our carbon requirements. These are performance- meeting our long-term NZC50 goal. footprint and operating costs. based targets to drive innovation and project lifecycle cost savings. We have committed to reducing For each project we will apply this emissions over which we control or own hierarchy but recognise that no two (Scope 1+2 sources). A priority-based projects are the same and this approach hierarchy to reduce emissions has been

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Sources of New Emissions Infrastructure Application Projects + CIP Projects

North Runway Airside Upgrades Northern Hub Development

Apron 7 Development

Western Apron T1 + T2 Car Park Underpass Upgrades

Southern Hub Part of Infrastructure Application Development

We will measure the carbon Annual Emission Inventories This does not mean that one method is performance of each our projects necessarily better than another. against the following minimum carbon We measure and report our Scope performance requirements: 1+2+3 carbon emissions annually under However, it is important to ensure Airport Carbon Accreditation with the consistency, especially when comparing 2 • 20-40kgCO2e/m /year for all new help of our business partners. This is methodologies. Thus, unless otherwise buildings; done by producing an inventory that stated, all CO2e figures and graphs allows us to better understand, monitor, shown in this document are for Scope 2 • 40-60kgCO2e/m /year for all and manage our activities and energy 1+2 emissions based on the SEAI building refurbishments; consumption across the airport. We also Monitoring and Reporting (M&R) use the inventory to develop policies, System. All the data directly linked to • 10-20% of primary energy demand strategies, and measures to reduce our Airport Carbon Accreditation, Scope 3 for all new buildings to be supplied emissions, and encourage our business emissions, is based on the programme’s from onsite renewable energy; partners to do the same. carbon accounting methodology.

• Minimum BER B3 rating for all new Airport Carbon Accreditation accounting Emissions Forecast buildings; and, conventions follow a set of strict rules that facilitates relative comparison To better serve our community, we are • All new buildings to be nearly Zero across airports. planning for sustainable growth at Energy Buildings (nZEB). Dublin Airport as part of a post-COVID The SEAI, a government body recovery. We have in place a rolling 5- responsible for transforming Ireland’s year CIP which identifies upcoming energy structure, technologies, and projects, including 13 projects directly practices, prescribes carbon monitoring related to the infrastructure and reporting methodology which we development to increase the airport’s use to disclose annually our energy capacity to handle 40mppa safely, performance and Scope 1+2 emissions. efficiently, and sustainably.

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Dublin Airport Scope 1+2 Reduction Trend

These 13 projects are the main To limit the impacts of the new selection lighting and ventilation, development components of this IA infrastructure development we will potable water use, waste minimisation submission and together introduce an implement a basket of complementary and recycling. These apply to all our additional 32,345m2 of floorspace to be measures that balances opportunities to capital projects and will be regularly lit and conditioned. They comprise: conserve, generate, and control energy reviewed and updated. across the airport. • More aircraft parking stands; Our Reduction Target The most recent energy efficiency • Extra and improved terminal measures will be implemented to new In line with the IPCC’s recommendations capacity; constructions and refurbished buildings and goals set by the EU, Irish based on our ambitious sustainability government, and FCC, we have • Expanded and improved security guidelines. By ensuring all our new committed to reach NZC50 through the arrangements within the airport; builds meet the Part L nZEB Regulations absolute reduction of our organisation 2017, we expect to reduce the energy carbon footprint (i.e., Scope 1+2 • More carpark spaces and better demand of planned terminal capacity emissions) without the use of offsets. surface transport access to the enhancements. The Part L nZEB 2017 airport; and, requirements not only cover energy Because achieving NZC50 is going to performance but also require us to significantly change how we do business, • Upgraded ancillary utility power our buildings with 10% to 20% we have set a short term 2030 carbon infrastructure (water, sewerage, renewable energy depending on the reduction target. This target requires us and drainage). building’s CPC and EPC performance. to reduce absolute Scope 1+2 emissions by -30% below a 2019 baseline by 2030. Additional projects including the The Part L nZEB Regulations 2017 also The 2019 baseline year is the most opening of the new 3,110m north cover our refurbishment projects. While recent pre-COVID-19 pandemic year runway 10L/28R (granted permission to technical requirements may vary, the with a full set of available data and build by An Bord Pleanála in 2007) in end goal remains the same – reduce our reflects the baseline year set under the 2022, the refurbishment of levels 4 and operational carbon footprint. National CAP 2019. 5 in Terminal 1 for office accommodation and others under our At Dublin Airport, our buildings are Our 2030 carbon reduction target is current CIP are also scheduled to be required to meet a minimum Building ambitious and fully aligns with the IPCC’s delivered this decade. Energy Rating (BER) B3 rating. The BER recommended acceptable range to ranks buildings according to their energy reduce emissions by -45% below 2010 Without appropriate emission reduction efficiency and covers energy use for levels by 2030. measures, the new infrastructure space and water heating as well as projects in this IA could increase our lighting. The primary energy needs are To achieve our 2030 target, we will need Scope 1+2 emissions above the 2019 calculated per unit floor area per year to reduce our annual Scope 1+2 2 baseline by 4,326tCO2e to 28,701tCO2e. (kWh/m /year). We have developed emissions by 11,639tCO2e (after This is attributable to increases in both sustainability guidelines that set applying the uplift) over the next 10 annual energy consumption and peak minimum values to be achieved for a years down to 17,062tCO2e. demands. wide range of criteria including materials

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By achieving this short-term target, we will ensure Dublin Airport is well placed Meeting 2030 Carbon Reduction Target and prepared to pursue our longer-term NZC50 goal whilst avoiding any major disruption to the airport’s financial and operational interests.

Emission Reduction Alternative Measures Onsite solar PV paired 23% Heating with battery storage 31% A basket of emissions reduction measures has been developed to help us 1% reduce the projected uplift in our Scope 1+2 emissions from 28,701tCO2e by 11,639tCO e to achieve our -30% 2 20% Low emission reduction target of 17,062tCO2e by vehicle fleet 2030. The reduction of our Scope 1+2 25% emissions will be underpinned by five core measures:

1. Energy efficiency measures. Energy efficient airport buildings 2. Zero to low emission vehicles. Grid decarbonisation 3. Onsite renewables.

4. Fuel switching and electrification. • 100% Low Emission Vehicles (LEVs) These measures are already widely operating in our light-duty vehicle deployed by airports worldwide, 5. Grid decarbonisation. fleet; including at Dublin Airport. These measures will be vital for us to reduce We are committed to act on multiple • Renewable electricity purchases our carbon emissions by -30% by 2030. fronts simultaneously. We will through ‘guarantees of origin’ implement proven emission reduction backed supply contracts; Based on a high-level emissions measures at a suitable scale including: assessment of each project, we expect • nZEBs for all new buildings across our 2030 target will be met by • Onsite renewables using solar PV the airport achieving a minimum contributions from the measures shown and battery energy storage when BER B rating; in the graphic above which total the technology matures, is more 11,636tCO2e/year of emissions commercially viable and our airport • Energy efficient baggage handling reduction. network has the capacity to system motors and belts; generate and distribute more onsite renewable electricity; • Energy efficient vertical transport systems (i.e., lifts, escalators); • Lighting upgrades to LED luminaires with smart controls; • Minimum BREEAM (Very Good) and/or LEED (Gold) certification for • Chiller upgrades to high efficiency major refurbishments and BREEAM systems under full and part load “Excellent” or LEED “Platinum” for conditions using low global warming new major new builds); and, potential and zero ozone depletion potential refrigerants across our • Sustainable construction techniques terminals (i.e., series counterflow); and practices that minimise emissions through material choices • High efficiency air-source heat and transport/logistics. pumps to regulate thermal comfort across in our terminals and buildings;

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Grid Decarbonisation Continuous Improvement • Replace and upgrade end-of-life HVAC systems across Terminal 1 We purchase renewable electricity In pursuit of our 2030 target and longer and Terminal 2 with new high- through ‘guarantees of origin’ backed term NZC50 commitment, we plan to efficiency boilers, water heaters, supply contracts. evaluate the technical and financial controls, chillers, pumps and other feasibility and suitability of additional equipment as they reach the end of Along with the predicted measures to implement between 2026- their planned service life; decarbonisation of the Irish electricity 2030, including: grid from the continual uptake of • Improve thermal energy storage renewables in the national energy mix, • Installation of new onsite solar PV and efficiency through the upgrade there will be a progressive shift away systems and upgrade of the of plant heat generating and from fossil fuel-based power airport’s generation and distribution distribution systems and the dependency. The goal is to transition networks and grid connection for possible electrification of Terminal towards carbon neutral solutions, like additional renewable power 2’s CHP 4 plant; and, wind energy, solar energy, potentially capacity; supported by battery storage, which will • Evaluate the feasibility of an onsite reduce the carbon emissions factor of • Continual investment in new energy anaerobic digestor to convert waste the grid electricity we use. efficient equipment and control into low-grade renewable heat to systems such as LED lights and power airport buildings on the To avoid overreliance on the uptake of telemetry/automatic monitoring northern part of the airport. renewables in the national electricity systems to improve energy grid, we have adopted a more consumption across the airport, Emissions Blueprint conservative assumption than the CAP reduce energy costs and carbon 2019 objective of a 70% renewable grid emissions; In the emissions blueprint opposite, mix by 2030. Should Ireland reach this details are provided on the key actions objective, our emissions could and initiatives to guide the reduction of significantly drop below our 2030 target. our Scope 1+2 emissions for this decade.

|29 Carbon Reduction Strategy | Our Carbon Reduction Action Plan July 2021 GOAL Decarbonise all aspects of our operations and future development, and continue to work with our partners, passengers and other stakeholders to reduce or even eliminate their emissions