July 2021 Version 00 July 2021 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy July 2021 Towards Net Zero Carbon Emissions Carbon Reduction Strategy Disclaimer Airbiz, the consultant, has developed this Carbon Reduction Strategy in consensus with the daa. This report is provided on the basis that the consultant considers the information contained in the report to be true, current, and correct at the date of this report based on experience, knowledge, and using reputable sources. As our client, you will need to be aware that this report is intended to be a guide only in respect of future outcomes and this report cannot be projected with absolute accuracy given that all business environments are uncertain. For the reasons above, the consultant will not accept any liability for any loss or damage which may be incurred by you (including any of your affiliated persons) as a result of acting in reliance upon the information contained in our report. The consultant confirms that it is your responsibility to assess the relevance and the accuracy of the information at the time you choose to rely on the report. The consultant expressly disclaims any liability for any financial, accounting, taxation, or legal advice in this report. This report has been prepared for direct use by you as our client considering your instructions and requirements in accordance with the scope of work defined in the engagement letter. At your discretion, you may release this report to third parties provided you release the whole report including this disclaimer. |2 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | Preface July 2021 Preface - Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy Almost 20 years ago we began target to reduce emissions under our Advisory Council should equate to a implementing carbon management direct control and from the purchase total emissions reduction of 51% over practices at Dublin Airport. Dublin of electricity generated ‘off-airport’ in the period to 2030, relative to a 2018 Airport is the first airport in Ireland line with the latest scientific evidence – baseline. These targets are some of to achieve carbon neutral status and IPCC’s 1.5 Pathway. the most ambitious of any developed has done so following an extensive country. The Draft CRS was originally developed programme of activities to reduce and in support of the forthcoming In advance of the establishment of these offset carbon emissions in recent years. ‘Infrastructure Application’ which will Carbon Budgets, Dublin Airport has Since 2010, we have reduced our carbon seek planning permission to develop commenced a process to understand emissions footprint by 26% despite Dublin Airport from 32 to 40 million how we can achieve such targets, and welcoming an additional 14.4 million passengers per annum and associated will as part of this revise the draft CRS. passengers per annum (2019). airport infrastructure. Reflecting the Notwithstanding, the proposed review Dublin Airport recognises that decisive objectives of the National Climate Action of the CRS, the measures and aspirations action is required to continue to grow Plan (CAP) 2019, the draft CRS proposed of the draft remain relevant. To sustainably, and limit the rise in average a path to reducing emissions by 30%, demonstrate our ongoing commitment global temperature to 1.5oC above from a 2019 baseline, by 2030. to sustainability, the CRS has been pre-industrial levels by 2050. To be published, in draft form, to provide our Since then, new legislation has a front-runner in Ireland’s response stakeholders and the public with an been proposed through the Climate to climate change we are on a path overview of our carbon management Action and Low Carbon Development compatible with the climate goals of the initiatives, performance, and future (Amendment) Bill 2021, which commits Paris Agreement and the latest climate reduction plans for Dublin Airport until Ireland to achieve NZC emissions by science and recommendations published 2030, as they stood in Q1 2021. These 2050 at the latest. The Bill provides that by the IPCC in its October 2018 Special actions will provide the springboard for the first two five-year carbon budgets Report. Our Draft Carbon Reduction future carbon reduction plans. proposed by the Climate Change Strategy (CRS) for Dublin Airport sets a |3 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | Contents July 2021 Contents Executive Summary 6 Strategic Context – A Carbon Reduction Blueprint 9 A Call to Action: Towards Net Zero Carbon by 2050 14 Aviation Industry Response and Initiatives 19 Our Carbon Strategy 23 Our Carbon Reduction Action Plan 25 Carbon Reduction Focus Areas 32 Beyond 2030 and Towards Net Zero 39 Authors Ken Conway Prepared for daa plc Mark van Doorne Prepared by Airbiz Aviation Strategies Ltd. Tristan Noel Reviewed by David Cohney Version 4.A | July 2021 |4 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | List of Acronyms July 2021 List of Acronyms A-CDM Airport Collaborative Decision Making GHA Ground Handling Agent ACI Airports Council International GHG Greenhouse Gas APU Auxiliary Power Unit GPU Ground Power Unit BER Building Energy Rating GSE Ground Support Equipment BRT Bus Rapid Transit HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning CA Climate Action IA Infrastructure Application CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization CAP Climate Action Plan IEA International Energy Agency CAR Commission for Aviation Regulation IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CCAC Climate Change Advisory Council ISO International Standards Organisation CCS Carbon Capture and Storage kWh Kilowatt hour CHP Combined Heat and Power (plant) LAP Local Area Plan CIP Capital Investment Programme LED Light Emitting Diode CMP Carbon Management Plan LEV Low Emission Vehicle CNG Carbon Neutral Growth LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas CO e Carbon dioxide equivalent 2 LTO Landing and Take-off cycle (up to 3,000ft) CORSIA Carbon Offsetting Scheme for International Aviation mppa Million Passengers Per Annum CPC Carbon Performance Coefficient M&R Monitoring and Reporting (SEAI public sector bodies) CRS Carbon Reduction Strategy MRV Monitor, Report, Verify DAC Direct Air Capture NDC Nationally Determined Contributions EASA European Aviation Safety Agency NECP National Energy and Climate Plan EnMS Energy Management System nm Nautical Mile (1nm = 1.852km) EPA Environmental Protection Agency NZC Net Zero Carbon (emissions by 2050) EPC Energy Performance Coefficient nZEB Nearly Zero Energy Building (Irish Part L Standards) ESD Environmentally Sustainable Design PBB Passenger Boarding Bridge EU European Union PCA Preconditioned Air EU ETS Emissions Trading System (EU) PV Photovoltaic (solar energy system) EUA Emissions Allowance (under EU ETS) REGO Renewable Energy Guarantees Origin EV Electric Vehicle SAF Sustainable Aviation Fuels EXEED Excellence in Energy Efficient Design (SEAI) SDG Sustainable Development Goals (UN) F&B Food and Beverage SEAI Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland FCC Fingal County Council UN United Nations FEGP Fixed Electrical Ground Power UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |5 Draft Carbon Reduction Strategy | Executive Summary July 2021 Executive Summary Dublin Airport is Ireland’s largest and sustainable manner to enable Dublin In response to the IPCC’s Special Report busiest airport handling around 32 Airport to accommodate up to 40mppa. (2018), ACI Europe announced a Net million passengers in 2019 with air Zero Carbon by 2050 (NZC50) services operated by almost 50 airlines To support the amendment of the commitment in June 2019. This was to 200 destinations in 42 countries. The existing passenger cap from 32mppa to signed by more than 200 airports sustainable growth of the airport is a 40mppa, we will submit an including Dublin Airport. Through the vital driver of connectivity between Infrastructure Application (IA) to Fingal Irish Climate Action Plan (CAP) 2019 and Ireland and key global markets for both County Council (FCC). The IA submission the new Climate Action and Low Carbon business and leisure travel. The size and seeks permission to develop the Development (Amendment) Bill 2021, scale of Dublin Airport supports the infrastructure needed to enhance the which is soon to be enacted into law, the direct employment of more than 20,000 airport’s capacity and is accompanied by Irish government has proposed an people and over 100,000 jobs nationally. this Carbon Reduction Strategy (CRS). ambitious set of targets to transition As the aviation industry recovers from The CRS describes the carbon Ireland to a climate neutral economy by the COVID-19 pandemic and air management initiatives, performance, 2050. transport services resume, our forecasts and future reduction plans for Dublin indicate a return to growth beyond 2019 Airport out to 2030 and beyond. Almost 20 years ago we began pre-COVID levels by the mid-2020s. implementing carbon management In December 2015, the Conference of practices at Dublin Airport. Since 2010, Over this decade, Dublin Airport can the Parties (COP) 21st meeting of the we have reduced our carbon emissions keep growing sustainably and develop its United Nations Framework Convention footprint by -26% whilst welcoming an role as the gateway to Ireland. We on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Paris additional 14.4mppa. In 2020, Dublin continue to invest in the airport’s agreed to significant global action on Airport was accredited at the Neutrality infrastructure to meet predicted traffic climate change. Over 195 national level (3+) under ACI’s Airport Carbon demand over the 2020s and provide our participants signed the Paris Agreement, Accreditation programme. This was passengers and airlines with an committing to a pathway to limit achieved by purchasing 100% of our improved airport experience. This is average global temperature increase to electricity through a renewable energy done through our Capital Investment +2°C above pre-industrial levels, with an guarantee of origin (REGO) backed Programme (CIP) that prioritises aspirational target to limit this supply contract and compensating our spending on the expansion, temperature increase to +1.5oC. Both residual emissions through an offset reconfiguration and enhancement of the European Commission and Irish scheme.