DICCIONARIO ESPAÑOL – INGLÉS TERMINOS GEÓLOGICOS Y MINEROS

Welcome to Students Across Borders Página 1 de 1

Financial and program support provided by ExxonMobil Corporation, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,the Universidad de la Sierra, Moctezuma, Mexico and Consortium for North American Higher Education Collaboration (CONAHEC)

mhtml:file://P:\Johana\Welcome%20to%20Students%20Across%20Borders.mht 02/09/2004 A-1

A abigarrado,-da adj multi-colored, variegated | mottled abioglifo nm abioglyph aalenense adj Aalenian | nm Aalenian abiótico,-ca adj abiotic aaleniano,-na adj Aalenian abisal adj abyssal aaleniense adj Aalenian abísico,-ca adj abyssal aaltar nm regolith found in western Flanders abismal adj abyssal aas nm a type of sand dune abismo nm abyss | deep | steep face ábaco nm a. trough (artesa) in which gold placers abisolbéntico,-ca adj abyssal-benthic are washed | washtrough, buddle | graph, abisolito nm batholith chart, nomogram abisolítico,-ca adj abyssolitic abajadero nm slope, downgrade abisopelágico,-ca adj abyssal-pelagic abajador nm [Sp, Méx] tool carrier in (a mine) ablación nf erosion | ablation abajamiento nm subsidence ablatógrafo nm ablatograph abajar vtr to lower, let down | to fall, descend abocardado,-da adj bell or funnel shaped abajo adv down, below, under abocarder vtr to widen the opening of or to abajor nm depression something abaluartado,-da adj rock mass in the form of a abocardo nm drill bulwark (baluarte) abocelado,-da adj torus-shaped abancalado,-da adj terraced abocinado,-da adj trumpet shaped, splayed abandonado,-da adj abandoned, as in mina abocinamiento nm widening abandonada which should be distinguished from abocinar vtr to widen an opening una mina agotada which has been abandoned abombado,-da adj convex | swollen specifically due to depletion abombamiento nm dome | anteclise abandonamiento nm abandonment aborregado,-da adj glaciated | striated by the abandonar vtr to abandon | to leave, as in los action of glaciers mineros abandonaron la mina 'the miners left the aborto de oro nm [Pe] nuggets of gold found in mine' | a. un sondeo to abandon a. well potholes (hucucas) abanico nm fan | fan shaped workings or stopes abovado,-da adj arched, vaulted | a. aluvial alluvial fan | a. de deyección talus abra nf reopening of a vein | fissure or cleft in fan, debris cone sand | gorge, break or fissure in a mountain | abarrancar vtr to excavate | to form gullies clearing, opening, gap | cove | [surv] clearing abarranco,-ca adj excavated for line of sight abastar vtr to furnish, supply abrasilado,-da adj deep red abastecimiento nm supply | a. de agua water abrasión nf erosion by water and wind | supply abrasion | scour abasto nm output of a mine or mill | abrasivo,-ca adj abradant, abrasive provisioning, supplying | abundance, great abrazar vtr to enclose | to fabricate some kind of amount | a. de agua water supply structure to prevent caving and spalling of the abataje nm breaking ground roof of a mine abatón nm inaccessible location abrevadero nm flooded mine | [Col] a water aberración nf aberration filled excavation used to work placers aberrante nm aberrant abridura nf [Méx] enlargement (of a gallery) abertal adj cracked, generally by drought abrigo nm the width of a vein | inhabited cave | abertura nf opening, fissure | aperture | the a. del carbón [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] argillaceous reopening of a vein | driving of levels or rock forming the footwall and hanging wall to drifting in a mine | gap or pass between coal seams mountains | cove, small bay | a. de galería abrillantar vtr to cut (diamonds or other driving, tunneling | a. volcánica vent gemstones) abetunado,-da adj very brown abrimiento nm opening abichita nf [Ch] clinoclase abrir vtr to drive or open up a working | a. el abierto,-ta adj open | flat, level (terrain) terreno to bore | a. una galería to drift | a. un A-2

pozo to sink a shaft or well | a. un surco to dig a acardenillado,-da adj stained by copper trench | a. un tunel to tunnel carbonate abrirse vpr to open up, widen (as for a vein) acarmelado,-da adj caramel colored abrojos nmpl reef, hidden rocks acarmirado,-da adj carmine, crimson abronzado nm tetrahedrite | [Méx] chalcopyrite acarreadizo,-za adj portable | shifting (sand) and other copper ores acarreo nm tranported material of any kind | abrupto,-ta adj terraced, scarp like | steep, sheer, transport of ore, supplies, etc. | alluvium | abrupt | rugged, craggy float, drift | supply | a. acuífero conglomerate | absaroquita nf absarokite a. fluvial silt, alluvium | river drift | a. abscisa nf abscissa fluvioglacial fluvioglacial drift | a. hidráulico absorbencia nf absorption, absorbency, sluicing, hydraulicking | a. morrénico moraine | absorptivity de a. placer absorbente nm absorbent, absorptive acarreos nmpl material carried by a stream, bed absorber vtr to absorb load | drift | float | a. de glaciar glacial drift | absorbible adj absorbable a. del escurrimiento silt runoff absorción nf absorption | a. atmosférica acavernar vtr to take the form of a cavern atmospheric absorption | a. del suelo ground acceso nm entrance absorption accesorio,-ria adj accessory absorsor nm absorber accidentado,-da adj rough, uneven, hilly, broken absorto,-ta adj absorbed accidental adj accidental | accessory abstracción nf abstraction accidente nm roughness, uneveness (terrain) | abultar vtr to bulk, swell any topographic feature which disrupts the abundamiento nm abundance regular form of a terrain | a. del terreno hills and abundancia nf abundance valley | a. longitudinal parallelism of vertical abundante adj abundant folds | a. topográfico hills and valleys abundar vtr to be plentiful, abound | to be rich acción nf share in a. mine, venture, company or in property | capital stock of a. company | a. abundoso,-sa adj abundant eólica aeoliation abysal adj abyssal aceite nm any oil of vegetable or mineral origin abysico,-ca adj abyssal aceitero,-ra adj of oil, oil acabalgamiento nm thrust, overthrust aceitón nm thick oil | dregs, oily sediment acadiano,-na adj Acadian | nm Acadian aceitoso,-sa adj oily acádico,-ca adj Acadian aceleración nf acceleration | a. de gravedad acadiense m Acadian gravitational acceleration acamado,-da adj horizontal acelerador nm accelerogram | a. de reacción acampanado,-da adj bell shaped catalyst acampanar vtr to flare, splay | [Col] to clean a acelerógrafo nm accelerograph placer down to paydirt acelerograma nm accelerogram acampar vtr to camp | to build a camp acelerómetro nm accelerometer acanalado,-da adj grooved | ribbed | fluted | acendrada nf [Pe] white marl used as a corrugated, troughed refractory acanaladura nf groove, channel acendramiento nm metal refinery acanalamiento nm grooving acendrar vtr to refine metal acanelado nm [Zacatecas, Méx] finely acequia nf flume | [Pe] brook disseminated black, brown and yellow acerado nm [Arg] silver sulfide-bearing pyrite sphalerite mixed with argentite and ore | [Peras, Méx] massive gold-bearing pyrite pyrargyrite-proustite in milky quartz | [Guadalcázar, Méx] acantilado,-da adj steep, sheer, precipitous | nm guadalcazarite | [Méx] stephanite, cerargyrite cliff, steep slope or any other steel grey silver mineral | [Potosí, acantita nf acanthite Bol] jamesonite | a. blanco [Potosí, Bol] white acaobado,-da adj mahogany colored jamesonite | a. lejizo [Potosí, Bol] slaty acaparrosado,-da adj copper colored A-3

jamesonite | a. zebroso [Potosí, Bol] fibrous acomodana nf [Pe] ore deposit jamesonite aconcharse vpr [Ch] to deposit sediment acerado,-da adj steely, color of steel, steel grey acóndrito nm achondrite acerar vtr to chill, harden acontita nf [Ch] mixture of pyrite and acerdesa nf wad or bog manganese arsenopyrite acería nf steel works or mill acopado,-da adj hollowed out, cupped, cup- acerillo nm [Pe] small, granular crystals of shaped galena (considered to be rich in silver) acopio nm waste heap, tailings dump acero nm steel acordamiento nm concordance of strata acetato nm acetate acordancia nf conformity, concordance acético,-ca adj acetic acordanza nf artificial concordance caused by acicular adj acicular tectonic movements aciculita nf aikinite acostado,-da adj recumbent acidez adj acidness | nf acidity acostar vtr to take a vertical dip acidificación nf acidification acostarse vpr to change dip or direction acidificar vtr to acidify | to acidize | vpr to acotación nf boundary marker or monument | acidify elevation marked on a map or plan | [Cu] acidímetro nm acidmeter elevation ácido,-da adj acidic | nm acid | á acético acetic acotamiento nm setting of boundary markers acid | á bórico boric acid | á carbólico carbolic acotar vtr to delimit, mark the boundaries of | to acid | á clorhídrico hydrochloric acid | á fénico mark elevations | [surv] to mark out, set carbolic acid | á hidroclórico hydrochloric acid | monuments á hidriódico hydroiodic acid | á lodoso [pet] acotilla nm sledge hammer sludge acid | á muriatico hydrochloric acid | á acrecencia nf accretion nítrico nitric acid | á nitrohidroclórico nitric acid acrecimiento nm accretion | á nitromuriático nitric acid | á sulfúrico sulfuric acreción nf accretion acid acrepíe nm acre-foot acídula nf mineral water rich in carbonic acid acribar vtr to sift, sieve, screen acidular vtr to acidulate | to acidize acrisolar vtr to refine, assay or purify metals in a aciete nm oil | a. bruto crude oil | oil in bulk | a. crucible (crisol) combustible fuel oil | a. crudo crude oil | a. de acrisolado,-da adj refined, purified in a crucible alquitrán tar oil | a. de alumbrado kerosene | a. acrobatolítico,-ca adj acrobatholitic de azufre sulfuric acid | a. de carbón coal oil, acroíta nf achroite kerosene | a. de esquisto shale oil | a. de horno acromático,-ca adj achromatic fuel oil | a. de lámpara [Méx] kerosene | a. de actínico,-ca adj actinic taladrar drilling oil | a. de vitriolo sufuric acid | actinio nm actinium a. lampante [Sp] kerosene | a. mineral petroleum actinota nf actinolite acije nm vitriol, metal sulfate | a. amarillo actínoto nm actinolite copiapite | a. blanco goslarite | a. de hierro iron activado,-da adj activated vitriol actividad nf [chem] activity acis nm volcanic vent | diapiric fold Actual nm Holocene aclínico,-ca adj aclinic acuático,-ca adj aquatic aclividad nf acclivity ácueo,-ea adj aqueous acimut nm azimuth ácueoglacial adj glacioaqueous acimutal adj azimuthal ácueo-ígneo,-nea adj hydroplutonic acobrado,-da adj copper colored acuicierre nm aquiclude acocadera nf stone cutter's chisel acuiclusa nf aquaclude acodalamiento nm shoring, trench bracing acuico,-ca adj aquic acodalar vtr to shore, brace acuífera nf aquifer acodamiento nm break | shoring, trench bracing acuífero,-ra adj water-bearing, aquiferous | a. acodar vtr to shore, brace | [surv] to offset artesiano artesian aquifer acometer vtr to branch acuifuga nf aquifuge A-4 acuitardo nm aquitard adiabático,-ca adj adiabatic acumbrado,-da adj in the form of a pinnacle adiamantado,-da adj diamond-like, adamantine acuminado,-da adj conical adición nf apposition | addition acumulación nf deposition | accumulation | adicional nm admixture accretion adicionante nm admixture acumulador de mineral nm large ore deposit adinola nf desmosite acumular vtr to aggrade adipita nf chabazite acumulativo,-va adj cumulative adobe nm clayey, loess-like soil that is plastic acuñamiento nm truncation of strata or deposits when wet but hard when dried and thus by erosion | thinning out of a vein suitable for brickmaking acuñarse vpr to truncate adobera nf brickyard or brick works acuoso,-sa adj of or pertaining to water, aquose adoguina nf desert pavement | aqueous, watery adorbería nf brickyard acuosoluble adj water soluble adsorber vtr to adsorb acústico,-ca adj acoustic adsorción nf adsorbtion acutángulo,-la adj acute angled adularitización nf adularitization achatado,-da adj oblate adventicio,-cia adj adventitious achatamiento nm levelling by erosion adyacente adj adjacent, contiguous achatar vtr to level by erosion aegerina nf acmite achicamiento nm draining of a mine aegirina nf acmite achicar vtr to dewater a mine or working aerífero,-ra adj copper-bearing achiflonado,-da adj [Ch] sloping aeróbico,-ca adj aerobic achique nm dewatering aerolito nm aerolite, stony meteorite achúa nf [Ch] small, earthenware pan used for aerofotografía nf aerial photography making tests during the patio process of aerofotográfico,-ca adj aerial photographic amalgamating silver ores aerofotogrametría nf aerial photogrammetry achura nf [Bol] rich ore aerofotogramétrico,-ca adj aerial adamantino,-na adj adamantine photogrammetric adamelita nf adamellite aerofototopografía nf topography by aerial adamina nf adamite photography adarme nm half a dram or 1/16 of a Spanish aeromagnético,-ca adj aeromagnetic ounce aeromagnetría nf aeromagnetics adelantado,-da adj advanced aeropoligonación nf aerial traversing adelantar vtr to advance aerotopógrafo nm aerotopograph adelgazamiento nm the thinning out of a bed or aerotriangulación nf aerotriangulation vein | a. que termina en cuña wedging out aerovía de cable nf aerial tramway adelgazar vtr to thin out as for veins, beds, etc. | afallamiento nm [Méx] faulting [Col] to separate gold and concentrates (jaguas) afanesa nf aphanite, clinoclase from gravel in order to facilitate final washing afanita nf amphibolite | aphanite adema nm [min] shore, prop afanítico,-ca adj aphanitic ademado nm [min] timbering, bracing, shoring | afídico,-ca adj aphyric [Méx] well casing | a. de cajón cribwork afín adj adjacent | similar | affine ademador nm timberman, shorer afinación nf refining | a. por cristalización ademadora nf ax used in mine timbering Pattison process for separating silver from lead ademar vtr to shore, timber (a mine) afinado nm refining ademe nm shore, strut | a. de prestado temporary afinadura nf refining timbering afinamiento nm refining ademantino,-na adj diamond-like, adamantine afinar vtr to refine metals adentro adv inside | mar a. offshore | terra a. afino nm refining | refinery inland aflojadero nm [Méx] the soft part of a vein adherido,-da adj adherant | attached | no a. aflojar vtr to loosen, slacken | to remove ore unattached trapped in an ore chute | a. el canalón [Col] to A-5

pan or wash material accumulated in a ground agotado,-da adj depleted, exhausted | pinched sluice (canalón) or thinned out afloramiento nm outcrop | exposure agotamiento nm depletion | drainage aflorar en vintr to outcrop or crop out | to agotar vtr to exhaust, deplete | to thin or pinch spring (groundwater) | vtr to sift or sieve out | to drain, dewater afluencia nf runoff, inflow agotarse vpr to pinch or thin out afluente adj inflowing, affluent, tributary | nf agradación nf aggradation tributary agradar vtr to aggrade afluir vintr to flow in | to be a tributary | to agregación nf aggregation open, lead agregado,-da adj aggregated | nm aggregate | aflujo nm inflow, runoff, afflux admixture | soil | a. coloidal admixture | a. aforamiento nm valuation, appraisal | guaging, cristalino crystal law group | a. escalonado measuring graded aggregate | a. graduado graded aforar vtr to guage, measure capacity or tonnage aggregate | a. grueso coarse aggregate | a. | to measure or guage a flow of water | to paralelo crystal group | a. tal como sale run-of- appriase mine aggregate aforo nm guaging, measuring, measurement | agrietadura nf crack or fissure appraisal, assessment, valuation | flow of a agrietamiento nm fissuring, fracturing river | capacity agrimensor nm surveyor | a. de minas mine afótico,-ca adj aphotic surveyor afrechera nf [Pe] a finely divided amalgam agrimensura nf surveying which results from the use of insufficient agrio,-ia adj acid or sour | brittle (ores) | rough mercury (terrain) afrentar un hilo vtr [Col] to make a agrisado,-da adj greyish, grey perpendicular cut accross a vein to determine agrupamiento nm group | a. cristalino crystal its thickness, dip and strike law group afrolítico,-ca adj aphrolitic agua nf water | luster of diamonds and other afrontonar vtr to muck (ore) precious stones | a. abajo downstream | a. Aftonense nm Aftonian, Günz-Mindel acídula mineral water rich in carbonic acid | a. interglacial arriba upstream | a. artesiana artesian water | a. aga nf red marl avaiable available moisture | a. blanda soft water agalísico nm plutonic rocks | a. calcárea hard water | a. capilar capillary ágata nf agate | a. en cinta ribboned agate water | a. carbonatada carbonated water | a. agente nm agent | a. catalítico catalyst | a. de congénita connate water | a. connata connate tierras land man | a. mineralizador mineralizing water | a. cruda hard water | a. de achique agent | a. mineralizante minerlizing agent | a. drained mine water | a. de cal lime water | a. químico reagent | a. reductor reducing agent de cantera quarry water | a. de cohesión cohesive aglomeración nf agglomeration water | a. de consolidación water of compaction aglomerado nm agglomerate, conglomerate | a. | a. de constitución water of constitution | a. de volcánico agglutinate cristalización crystallization water | a. de aglomerante nm matrix descarga waste water | a. de expulsión aglomerar vtr to agglomerate compaction water | a. de fondo ground water | aglutinante nm cement bottom water (in a well) | a. de formación aglutinar vtr to agglutinate, cement | to connate water | a. de gravedad meteoric water | aggregate a. de grieta fissure water | a. de hidratación water aglutinización nf agglutinization of hydration | a. de imbibición absorption water agmatítico,-ca adj agmatitic | a. de infiltración percolation water | a. de lluvia agojía nf a channel cut to remove water from a or llovediza rain water | a. de madre water from mine which minerals have precipitated, mother agolpamiento nm impounding liquor | a. de manantial spring water | a. de mar agónico,-ca adj agonic | nf agonic line seawater | a. de mina mine water | a. de noria [Méx] well water | a. de percolación percolation A-6

water | a. de pie spring water | a. de retención afloramiento upwelling | a. de cabecera [PR] pore water | a. de saturación saturation water | headwaters | a. estiales low water | a. inmundas a. de sobresaturación dilation water | a. de waste water | a. juveniles juvenile waters | a. tratamiento process water | a. del suelo soil water madres mother solution | a. meteóricas meteoric | a. delgada soft water | a. dormida stagnant water | a. mínimas low water | a. pluviales rain water | a. dulce soft or fresh water | a. dura water | a. residuales waste water | a. someras hard water | a. estancada standing or stagnant [Arg] surface water | a. telúricas [Arg] ground water | a. ferruginosa iron-rich mineral water | water | a. termales thermal waters | a. vertientes a. fósil connate water | a. freática groundwater, runoff | a. vivas flowing water phreatic water | a. fuerte nitric acid | a. gorda aguatal nm [Ec] pool, swamp hard water | a. infiltrada percolation water | a. aguazal nm swamp, bog, marsh juvenil juvenile water | a. limitada bound water agudo,-da adj acute, sharp | a. magmática magmatic water | a. marginal agüilla nf water, fluid edge water | a. metamórfica metamorphic water aguja nf pointed peak of a mountian | compass | a. meteórica meteoric water | a. mineral needle | [surv] marking pin, arrow | [Sp] small mineral water | a. natural spring water (lacking vein | [Col] small branch vein or stringer | a. de minerals) | a. oxígenada oxygenated water | a. marear compass pelicular pellicular water | a. pluvial rain water agujerar vtr to perforate | a. potable potable water | a. regia aqua regia | agujero nm drill hole | fissure | mouth of a well a. rejuvenecida rejuvenated water | a. salada salt agujilla nf [Hualgáyoc, Pe] fibrous stromeyerite or saline water | a. salobre brackish or briny aguosidad nf water, fluid water | a. singenética connate water | a. somera aguoso,-sa adj watery shallow water | a. subálvea water in a stream aguzado,-da adj tapering bed | a. subterránea (under)ground water | a. ahebrado,-da adj fibrous subterránea endicada perched ground water | a. ahechar vtr to sift or sieve subterránea fija fixed ground water | a. aherrumbrarse vpr to be stained by iron oxide | subterránea fijada attached ground water | a. to aquire the color of rust subyacente bottom or edge water | a. sucia ahitar vtr [surv] to set monuments unpotable water | a. surgente artesian water | a. ahocinarse vpr to run through a narrow canyon surgidor artesian water | a. surtidora artesian (rivers) | to cut a gorge water | a. telúrica groundwater | a. termal ahogado,-da adj flooded, inundated, drowned | thermal water | a. vadosa vadose water | a. [Méx] embedded vadosiana vadose water | a. viva spring water ahogar vtr to submerge, drown aguacero nm waterfall ahogarse vpr to be submerged | a. el oro [Col] to aguachento,-ta adj watery, full of water, lose gold by being carried off by water saturated ahondadura nf sinking, excavation, digging aguachinar vtr to saturate ahondamiento nm sinking, excavation, digging aguada nf flood | saturation | inundation of a ahondar vtr to sink a shaft | to deepen a well mine by water | [Ch] spring ahonde nm sinking, excavation, digging | aguaducho nm conduit | flood deepening | shaft dug to establish legal title to agualotal nm [Arg, Cu] bog, swamp a claim | the depth of seven varas to which a aguallita nf shallow water discovery shaft must be dug to gain legal title agualluvia nf rain water to a claim aguamarina nf aquamarine ahuesado,-da adj bone-colored, yellowish | aguar vtr to water, dilute bone-hard aguarse vpr to be flooded or inundated by water ahumado,-da adj smokey aguas nfpl mineral waters in general | a. abajo aireado,-da adj aerated downstream | a. altas high water | a. aislamiento nm isolation aprovechables water resources | a. arriba up aiza nf [Bol] caving stream | a. artesianas artesian water | a. bajas ajaquefa nf cave low water | a. broncas [Méx] flood waters | a. ajarafe nm tableland cloacales de infiltración ground water | aguas de ala nf limb, side, flank A-7 alabandina nf alabandite | hyaline quartz alcalde nm justice of the peace | a. cañari an alabastrado,-da adj alabaster, alabastrine Indian in charge of passing along instructions alabastrino,-na adj alabaster, alabastrine | nf related to the mita | a. de minas a Spaniard or thin sheet of alabaster Creole who was the primary judge of cases alabastrita nf transluscent gypsum involving miners and mining | a. veedor official alabastro nm alabaster | a. yesoso transluscent charged with the inspection of working and gypsum mining conditions alado,-da adj flange-like álcali nf alkali aladrero nm [Sp] timberman (in a mine) alcali-basalto nm alkali basalt alagadizo,-za adj subject to flooding alcalinidad nf alkalinity alagado nm flooded land alcalino,-na adj alkaline | a.-térreo alkaline earth alagar vtr to flood alcalinotérreo,-rea adj alkaline earth alagunar vtr [Ch] to flood alcali-riolita nf alkali rhyolite alajite nm [Méx] altered rhodonite alcali-riolítico,-ca adj alkali rhyolitic alambre nm copper | bronze | metal wire | a. alcali-traquita nf alkali trachyte carril [Arg] aerial tramway alcance nm reach, range | drift | coverage alamontita nf allamontite alcanzar a vtr to reach to, extend to | vintr to get alanita nf allanite as far as a certain point alanoca nf an advance on wages yet to be alcapparosa nf copperas | a. amarillo copiapite | recieved (these were regularly demanded by a. azul chalcanthite | a. blanco goslarite minga labor in Spanish colonial Perú) alcarría nf plateau alasquita nf alaskite alcohol nm galena | [Bol] antimony | a. de alferos albar adj white | white-hot | nm dry, white cubic crystals of galena | a. de hoja [Linares, Sp] earth galena containing little or no silver albaro,-ra adj white alcor nm hill albarazado,-da adj whitish alcotana nf pick, mattox | stone cutter's hammer albariza nf lagoon | dry white earth alcuba nf dome, cupola albarizo,-za adj whitish alcubilla nf basin, pond albayaldado,-da adj covered by cerussite álea nm risk | randomness | á funcional random albayalde nm cerussite | a. de plomo cerussite | function | á numérico random variable | á a. rojo crocoite vectorial random vector albense adj Albian aleación nf alloy alberca nf pool, pond aleaje nm alloy albero nm whitish earth | [Andalusia, Sp] alear vtr to alloy yellow sand used for construction aleatorio,-ria adj random albertense adj Albertian aleatorización nf randomization albertita nf asphaltic coal | ash coal | albertite aledaño,-na adj bordering, adjacent albiano,-na adj Albian alejamiento nm [surv] latitude | alejamientos y albica nf white earth desciaciones latitudes and departures albiense adj Albian | nm Albian alejandrita nf alexandrite (a var of chrysoberyl) albín nm bloodstone (a var of hematite) alemontita nf allemontite albina nf salt pool or marsh | albite (archaic alero nm horizontal bed or layer spelling) | apophyllite | a. de marisma white alevante nm [Méx] overhand stope deposits (madre de sal) left by salt marshes and alfagra nf [Sp] channel | gorge lakes when they dry up alfaguara nf an abundant spring albino,-na adj very white alfaque nm shoal, bar albitización nf albitization alférez nm an Indian serving as standard bearer albitizado,-da adj albitized in a fiesta de tabla (his contributions to the albitófido nm albitophyre church and its officials exempted him from the albufera nf coastal lagoon, tidal lagoon mita for three years) albuhera nf pond alfiler de oro nm [Col] acicular gold alga nf algea A-8 algáceo,-cea adj algal alometamorfismo nm static or load algaida nf sand dune metamorphism | dynamic metamorphism | algino,-na adj algal contact metamorphism algomano,-na adj Algoman alométrico,-ca adj allometric algónquino,-na adj Algonkian | nm Algonkian alomorfita nf allomorphite alkalitraquita nf alkali trachyte aloque adj light red alidada nf alidade aloqeita nf allochetite (obs) aligación nf alloy | [chem] bond alotígeno,-na adj allothigenic alimonados nmpl sulfides and other salts of alotipo nm allotype silver alotriomórfico,-ca adj anhedral alindar vtr to mark boundaries alotriomorfo,-fa adj allotriomorphic alineación nf lineation | lineament | alignment alotropía nf allotropy alinderar vtr [Arg, Cu] to mark boundaries alotrópico,-ca adj allotropic aljez nm crude or natural gypsum alpestre adj alpine | mountainous aljezar nm gypsum quarry | gypsum deposit alpino,-na adj alpine aljibe nm well | pool | [Col] spring alpinotípico,-ca adj alpinotype aljor nm gypsum alquifol nm cubical galena | graphite almacén nm warehouse | reservoir | a. royal alquitrán nm tar | a. de hulla coal tar | a. mineral Spanish royal storehouse for mercury (the bitumen production and distribution of which was a alquitranoso,-sa adj tarry royal monopoly) alsbaquita nf alsbachite (obs, granodiorite) almadaneta nf rock hammer alta nf hanging wall | [New Almadén, Calif] almadén nm mine | mineral deposit layer of clay in the hanging wall of mercury almádena nf rock hammer deposits almagra nf red ocher altearse vpr to uplift, elevate almagradura nf red ocher coloring alteración nf alteration | weathering | a. almagral nm deposit of red ocher acumulativa accumulative weathering | a. almagre nm red ocher atmosférica weathering almagrero,-ra adj abundant in red ocher | red alterado,-da adj altered ocher bearing altillano nm [Col] plateau almaína nf rock hammer altillo nm small hill almandina nf almandite, almandine altimetría nf topographical survey, running almandino nm almandite, almandine levels, altimetry almártaga nf litharge altimétrico,-ca adj altimetric almendra nf an almond-shaped diamond altímetro,-ra adj altimetric | nm altimeter almendrilla nf fine gravel | fine coal | altiplanicie nf high plateau, tableland [Guadalcázar, Méx] almond sized fragments of altiplanimétrico,-ca adj topographic silicified limestone | [Aguascalientes, Méx] altiplano nm high plain, altiplano, plateau quartz matrix of copper veins altitud nf atltitude, elevation almirez nm mortar | a. y mano mortar and pestle alto,-ta adj high, elevated almoceda nf [Sp] water rights alto nm height, hill | elevation | upper part of a almohadillado,-da adj pillow, pillow-like vein, deposit or mine | [Méx] hanging wall | almojatre nm sal ammoniac elevated terrain | a. horno blast furnace alocroita nf allochroite altozano nm small hill alocromático,-ca adj allochromatic altura nf height or summit | altitude, elevation | alóctono,-na adj allochthonous level | a. de carga [hyd] head | a. piezométrica alófana nf allophane hydraulic head alogéneo,-nea adj allogenous alud nf avalanche | a. de cenizas ash flow | a. de alógeno,-na adj allogene, allogenic fondo groundslide | a. de hielo ice avalanche | a. alomado,-da adj undulating de roca rockslide A-9 alumbrar vtr to strike, to find, to discover | to ambiente nm environment | setting | a. de emerge (groundwater) | to treat with alum, sedimentación area of sedimentation | a. aluminate deposicional depositional environment alumbre nm alum | a. de piedra alunite | a. de ámbito nm perimeter | area roca rock alum | a. potásico potash alum ambligonita nf amblygonite alumbrera nf alum quarry amianta nf amianthus, a fine, silky var of alúmbrico,-ca adj alum-bearing asbestos alumbroso,-sa adj aluminous amianto nm asbestos alúmina nf alumina amigdaloide adj amygdaloidal | nm amygdaloid aluminífero,-ra adj aluminum-bearing amígdula nf amugdule aluminio nm aluminum amojonar vtr [surv] to set monuments aluminita nf [Ch] an ore of potassium and amoladera nf [Bol] sandstone aluminum sulfates amoladura nf grinding | a. glaciar glacial striae aluminoso,-sa adj aluminous amolinar vtr [Col] to collect spalled ore in alutación nf nuggets of gold found in the underground mines for processing | to collect weathered surface outcrop of veins or deposits ore in a ground sluice (canalón) for washing aluvial adj alluvial amoníaco nm ammonia aluvión nm flood | alluvium, wash or silt | a. amonita nf ammonite fluvio-glacial glacial outwash | a. metalífero amonítico,-ca adj ammonitic placer | a. soplado [Col] fluvial sediments amontonar vtr to pile up, make into heaps deposited by strong currents or cataracts amorfo,-fa adj amorphous aluvional adj alluvial amortización nf pay out, amortization aluvionamiento adj alluviation | silting up | amparar vtr to obtain title to a property | a. en la accretion posesión to keep a property in possession by aluvionario nm [Arg] alluvial doing assessment work, etc. álveo nm riverbed or channel | source of a river amparo nm maintenance of the legal right of alveolado,-da adj honeycombed ownership by continual use alvéolo nm cell ampelita nf cannel coal | ampelite | a. gráfica alza nf [Bol] washing of gold in a lavadero lithographic stone alzaguera nf [Sp] spring, source amplificación nf amplification | magnification alzar vtr to hoist, raise, lift amplificador nm amplifier amagamiento nm [Col] spring, source amplio,-lia adj wide, broad amalgama nf amalgam ampolla nf blister | pocket (of ore) | a large amalgamar vtr to amalgamate brachyanticline | a. de lava lava blister amarillento,-ta adj yellowish ampolloso,-sa adj porous, containing cavities amarillez nf yellow anaeróbico,-ca adj anaerobic amarillo,-lla adj yellow | a. de montaña yellow analcima nf analcime, analcite ocher | nm yellow | [Zacatecas, Méx] gossan | anabergita nf annabergite a. claro light yellow | a. oscuro dark yellow anacarado,-da adj pearly amarrar las aguas vtr [Col] to protect placer análisis nm analysis | a. armónico harmonic workings from inundation by means of dikes analysis | a. cristalquímico crystal-chemical (trinchos) analysis | a. cualitativo qualitative test | a. amarrar tonga vtr [Col] to lessen the head (tonga) cuantitativo quantitative test | a. de cedazo screen of water flowing through a sluice or sieve analysis | a. de la variancia analysis of amatista nf amythest | a. oriental a violet-colored variance | a. discriminante discriminant analysis variety of corundum | a. factorial factor analysis | a. ponderal amazonita nf amazonite gravimetric analysis | a. químico chemical ámbar nm amber | á negro jet (var of black analysis lignite) analista nm and nf analyst ambarino,-na adj amber analítico,-ca adj analytic, analytical ambiental adj environmental analizador nm analyst | analyzer | a. fotométrico photometric analyzer A-10 analizar vtr to analyze bedding | á de extinción angle of extinction |á anasismo nm anaseism de incidencia angle of incidence | á de inclinación anastomasado,-da adj anastamosing angle of dip, pitch | á de pendiente angle of anastomosarse vpr to anastomose slope | á de reflexión angle of reflection | á de anatasa nf anatase refración angle of refraction | á de reposo angle anataxia nf anataxis of repose or rest | á de rotación angle of rotation anaxil adj anaxial | a. de rumbo angle of strike | á externo external anco nm [Bol] impure native silver | [Ch, Pe] a angle | á interno internal angle | á obtuso obtuse silver ore angle | á recto right angle | estar en á to be at an ancón nm bay, cove angle | formar un á con to be at an angle to | anconada nf large bay, cove formar un á de to form an angle of ancho,-cha adj broad, wide | nm width, breadth angulosidad nf angularity anchura nf width of a bed or deposit | widening anguloso,-sa adj angular of a vein, etc. | open terrain anhedral adj anhedral anchurón nm chamber, room (in a mine) anhídrico,-ca adj anhydrous anchuroso,-sa adj wide, large anhidrita nf anhydrite andadero,-ra adj accessible by foot anhidro,-ra adj anhydrous andalucita nf andalusite anidado,-da adj nested andana nf lineation of hill, etc. aniego nm [Méx] inundation, flooding andarivel nm aerial tramway aniegue nm [Méx] inundation, flooding andén nm [Bol, Pe] terrace (landform) anihédrico,-ca adj alotriomorphic andino,-na adj Andean anillo nm ring, annulus | a. anual annual ring andurrial nm clay pit or deposit anisiano,-na adj Anisian anegable adj subject to flooding Anisiense nm Anisian anegar vtr to flood, submerge, inundate anisométrico,-ca adj anisometric anegarse vpr to be flooded, submerged, anisopericlasa nf fault or fracture parallel to a inundated fold anfibio nm amphibian anisotropía nf anisotropy anfíbol nm amphibole anisotrópico,-ca adj anisotropic anfibolesquisto nm hornblende schist anisótropo,-pa adj anisotropic anfibólico,-ca adj amphibolic ánodo nm anode anfibolífero,-ra adj amphibole-bearing anomalía nf anomaly | a. al aire libre free air anfibolita nf amphibolite anomaly | a. gravimétrica gravity anomaly | a. anfibolización nf amphibolization magnética magnetic anomaly anfingena nf leucite anómalo,-la adj anomalous anfiteatromorrénico nm glacial lodge anormalidad nf abnormality anfótero,-ra adj amphoteric anorganógeno,-na adj inorganic anfractuosidad nf extent of broken terrain anorogénico,-ca adj anorogenic angla nf cape anórtico,-ca adj asymmetric angosto,-ta adj narrow anortita nf anorthite angostarse vpr to thin, become narrow anortoclasa nf anorthoclase angostura nf narrowness | narrow, pass, gorge anortosita nf anorthosite | narrows of a river anquería nf [Pe] silver ore that mimics cubic Angoumense nm Angoumian galena angra nf cove, small bay anta nf [Pe] copper | a. chacra copper mine anguena nf [Sp] silver ore antártico,-ca adj antarctic ángulo nm angle | corner | á agudo acute angle antearrecife nm forereef | á axil axial angle | á axil aparente apparent antecambriano,-na adj Precambrian | nm axial angle | á de cabeceo angle of pitch | á de Precambrian cizalladura angle of shear | á de deslizamiento antecedente adj antecedent | nmpl preliminary angle of slide | á de discordancia angle of data unconformity | á de estratificación angle of anteclisa nf anteclise A-11 antecubeta nf foredeep aparecer vintr to appear in the literal sense as in antefosa nf foreland basin, foredeep 'the ship appeared on the horizon' thus las antepaís nm foreland andesitas aparecen intruidas por un fílon does not antepecho nm bench (in a mine) imply any doubt about the intrusive antepozo nm foreshaft relationship | to appear on a list anticlasa nf anticlase aparejado,-da adj paired anticlinal adj anticlinal | nm anticline | a. aparejamiento nm pairing acostado recumbant anticline | a. asimétrico aparejo nm apparatus, rig | a. de perforación asymmetric anticline | a. calvo bald-headed drilling rig anticline | a. de sill air saddle | a. desmantelado aparinar vtr to show indications of ore breached anticline | a. recostado recumbant apartado nm sorting or cobbing of ore | anticline | a. recumbente recumbant anticline | smelting | refining or parting of gold | smelter a. simétrico symmetric anticline | a. tumbado | a. a. mano hand sorting | casa del a. parting or overturned anticline | a. volcado inverted or assay establishment overturned anticline apartador nm ore picker | smelter anticlinorio nm anticlinorium apartamiento nm extraction of minerals antiduna nf antidune apartar vtr to sort or cob ore | to part or refine antiforma nf antiform during assaying | to extract minerals antiguo,-gua adj ancient | primordial | olden, aparte adv separately, separated dating back to Spanish colonial times or earlier apatito nm apatite | a. fluor fluorapatite | nm mine worked in Spanish colonial times apeador nm land surveyor antimoniado,-da adj antimony-bearing apeadura nf surveying antimónico,-ca adj antimony, antimonic apear vtr to survey | to shore, timber, brace antimonio nm antimony | antimony ore | a. apeo nm survey | timbering, shoring arsenical allemontite | a. blanco valentinite | a. aperatura nf aperture | act of opening (a mine) gris stibnite | a. rojo kermesite ápice nm apex antimonioso,-sa adj antimonial apilamiento nm arrangement of atoms in a antióndula nf antiripple crystal lattice antipertita nf antiperthite apique nm [Col] shaft or winze antirizadura nf antiripple apireo nm [Ch] removal of ore in hand-carried antitético,-ca adj antithetic baskets antofilita nf anthophyllite apirí nm ore carrier (usually a mitayo) antracita nf anthracite apizarrado,-da adj slate-colored | slaty, with antracítico,-ca adj anthracitic slaty cleavage | containing slate antracito,-ta adj black apizarramiento nm slaty cleavage antracitoso,-sa adj anthracite-bearing aplanado,-da adj complanate | leveled antro nm cave, cavern aplanamiento nm levelling anular adj annular aplanar vtr to level añil nm indigo blue aplantillar vtr to dress stone according to a añilado,-da adj indigo blue pattern aovado,-da adj oval, egg-shaped aplastamiento nm collapsing, crushing | apacheta nf [Pe] summit or mountain flattening | a. de trozos de pómez flattening of apogado,-da adj extinct, quenched, extinguished pumice fragments apacheta nf [Pe] summit, pass aplastar vtr to flatten | to crush apagar vtr to quench, extinguish | a. un horno to aplastarse vpr to collapse blow out a furnace aplogranito nm aplogranite apalache adj Appalachian | nm Appalachian aplomado,-da adj lead-colored, leaden apalancar vtr to lever | to get ore from a hopper aplomado nm [Michoacan, Méx] lead-colored apantanar vtr to flood, inundate copper ore consisting of bornite, chalcocite, and aparato nm apparatus | system | a. volcánico tetrahedrite volcanic system aplomarse vpr to collapse apofilita nf apophyllite A-12 apófisis nm apophyses | a. refractoria refractory clay | a. roja red clay | apolvillado nm [Guanajuato, Méx] a second a. violácea lithomarge class of rich ore from the veta madre yielding arcillar nm clay deposit about 750 ounces silver to the ton arcillita nf claystone apomagmático,-ca adj apomagmatic arcilloso,-sa adj clayey, argillaceous, argillic aporcelenado,-da adj porcellaneous arco nm arc | arch | a. de islas island arc | a. aportación nf inflow, runoff insular island arc aporte nm runoff, inflow arcosa nf arkose apreciación nf appraisal, valuation, estimation, arcósico,-ca adj arkosic estimate arcosita nf arkosite apreciar vtr to appraise, value | to make out | to área nf area | are (100 square meters) | á. see alimentadora watershed | á asísmica aseismic aprecio nm appraisal, valuation, estimation region | á comprobada proven territory | á de apretado,-da adj brief, compressed | compact drenaje drainage area | á. de escurrimiento [Col] apretura nf narrow opening | gorge watershed | á de exploración exploration area | aprovechamiento nm use, utilization | á no probada unproven area | á. vertiente exploitation, development | reclamation watershed aprovechar vtr to exploit an opportunity | to areg or arej nm erg, sand desert exploit, develop or improve any natural arena nf sand, grit | gold placer | a. asfáltica tar resource sand | a. aurífera gold-bearing sand | a. bruja aptiano,-na adj Aptian | nm Aptian fine sand | a. compacta close sand | a. cuarzosa aptense adj Aptian | nm Aptian quartz sand | a. de cantera pit sand | a. de aptiense adj Aptian | nm Aptian carboncillo sun-burnt sand | a. de cava sand pit | apuntamiento nm small outcrop a. de conchas shell sand | a. de cuarzo quartz aquerita nf akerite (obs, syenite) sand | a. de duna dune sand | a. de escape thief apurar vtr to purify metal | to concentrate ore sand | a. de fosa sand pit | a. de guija sand pit | aquilatación nf assay | alloy a. de hoyo sand pit | a. de mar beach sand | a. de aquilatamiento nm assay mina pit sand | a. de oro gold dust | a. de playa aquilatar vtr to assay precious metals | to weigh beach sand | a. de sílice silica sand | a. eólica precious stones | to alloy aeolian sand | a. esqueleal skeletal sand | a. aquitaniano,-na adj Aquitanian fluvial river sand | a. fluvialglaciar fluvialglacial aquitaniense adj Aquitanian sand | a. franca loamy sand | a. galuconita aragonito nm aragonite greensand, glauconitic sand | a. gasífera gas arancel nm tariff | legal exaction made by a sand | a. gorda coarse sand | a. granítica granite priest to support himself and his church wash | a. gruesa coarse sand | a. lacustre arbolita nf harbolite lacustrine sand | a. marina marine sand | a. arborescencia nf arborescence movediza quicksand | a. muerta sand not mixed arborescente adj arborescent with earth | a. orienta [Arg] sand from Uruguay Arcaica nf Archean | a. oscura black sand | a. petrolífera oil sand | a. arcilla nf clay | any clay mineral | a. alfareía pomosa sand formed from pumice fragments | potter's clay | a. aluminosa steatite, talc | a. a. productiva pay sand | a. profunda deep (oil- apizarada slate | a. arenosa sandy clay | a. bearing) sand | a. recia coarse sand | a. verde aurífera gold-bearing clay | a. de batán fuller's green sand earth | a. caolínica feldspathic shale | a. cocida arenáceo,cea adj sandy, arenaceous baked clay | a. endurecida claystone, clay gall | arenal nm large expanse of sand | sandy place a. figulina potter's clay | a. de filtro filter clay | a. or ground | sand deposit, pit, bar | [Méx] sand de pedernal flint clay | a. enduricida [Vz] dune claystone | a. esquistosa shale | a. ferruginosa Arenigense nm Arenigian clay ironstone | a. glaciar glacial material | a. arenigiano,-na adj Arenigian | nm Arenigian gredosa gouge | a. inflamable bituminous clay | arenilla nf fine sand | [Méx] tailings | [Vz] a. laminar [Vz] shale | a. pedragosa till, boulder black, magnetite-bearing sand | [Col] clay | a. pizarrosa shale, slate | a. plástica gumbo titaniferous iron ore | [Hidalgo, Méx] smalls A-13

from ore sorting | [Ch] copper matte mixed arqueada nf part of a vein that branches off and with slag then reunites with the vein in the form of an arenisca nf sandstone | a. amasada kneaded arch sandstone | a. arcosa arkosic sandstone | a. arqueado,-da adj arcuate arcósica arkosic sandstone | a. caliza calcareous arquamiento nm arching sandstone | a. glauconítica glauconitic arqueano,-na adj Archean | nm Archean sandstone | a. gruesa grit | a. malaxada kneaded arqueociátido nm archaeocyathid sandstone | a. margosa marly sandstone | a. arqueozoico,-ca adj Archeozoic | nm profunda explotable farewell sand | a. silícea Archeozoic silicic sandstone | a. verde green sand | a. arquería nf [Ch] silver amalgam volcánica ashy grit arrambarse vpr to be covered by sand (after a arenisco,-ca adj sandy flood) areniscoso,-sa adj arenilitic arrancar vtr to break ground, dig | to mine | to arenoso,-sa adj sandy, arenaceous, arenose | nf begin extraction or processing | a. el carbón to freestone, sandstone which cleaves easily break down coal aréola nf areole arranque nm breaking ground, digging | argarita nf marcasite mining, extraction | processing | drill pattern argayo nm talus for blasting argentado,-da adj silver, silvery arrasarse vpr to be filled with liquids argénteo,-tea adj silver, silvery arrastrado,-da adj dragged along, transported argentífero,-ra adj silver-bearing, argentiferous arrastrar vtr to drag along the ground | to haul, argentino,-na adj silvery, argentine convey | to unite as veins into one | to scour, argentoso,-sa adj silver-bearing, argentiferous wash out argila nf clay arrastre nm creep, drag | drag-mill used to argilita nf argillite crush ore (generally misspelled in English as argilolita nf claystone arrastra) | haulage or conveyance | slope or argiloso,-sa adj clayey, argillaceous inclination of a shaft, etc. | footwall | a. de argilla nf clay mano hand operated drag-mill used for argirita nf argentite | [Bol] marcasite sampling | a. de marca large drag-mill | a. de argirosa nm pyrargirite | argentite mula drag-mill powered by mules | a. ecuatorial argón nm argon ecuatorial drift argoviano,-na adj Argovian | nm Argovian arrastres nmpl silt, suspended matter argoviense adj Argovian | nm Argovian arrate nm a pound of sixteen ounces aridez nf aridity arreador nm a person, usually creole or mestizo, árido,-da adj arid, dry | nmpl aggregate | á. used to quicken the pace of work in a mine or finos fine aggregate | á. graduados graded mill which largely employed Indians, most of aggregate | á. gruesos coarse aggregate whom were mitayos arisco,-ca adj rough, uneven (terrain) arrecife nm ridge of rock | reef | a. algino algal arista nf arête | intersection of crystal faces at a reef | a. anular annular reef | a. coralino coral right angle | a. polar an arista that cuts an axis reef | a. corolígeno atoll reef | a. costero fringing of symmetry | a. hidrográfica [Vz] watershed or shore reef | a. de algas algal reef | a. de barra divide or barrera barrier reef | a. franeante fringing reef arkosa nf arkose | a. litoral fringing reef | a. marginal fringing armadura nf framework | [Méx] country or host reef | a. orgánico organic reef rock arremolinamiento nm agglomeration armar vtr to put together, assemble | v intr to be arremolinarse vpr to agglomerate hosted by, occur in arrendador nm lessor armoniaco nm sal ammoniac arrendamiento nm lease armónico,-ca adj harmonic arrendar vtr to lease aromático,-ca adj aromatic arrendatario nm lessee, leaseholder aromatización nf aromatizacion arriada nf flood arriarse vpr to flood A-14 arribera nf fluvial valley such as Cerro Rico de Potosí where the patio arriñonado,-da adj boytriodal, nodular process of amalgamation was used for silver arriscado,-da adj craggy extraction arroba nf a weight of 25 spanish pounds (mules aserrado,-da adj serrated could carry a maximum of 14 arrobas) | a. asfalteno,-na adj asphaltene | nm asphaltene granadina [Col] a weight equivalent to 125 asfáltico,-ca adj asphaltic kilograms | a. inglesa quarter | a. marina a asfaltífero,-ra adj asphalt-bearing weight of 31 or 32 Spanish pounds asfalto nm asphalt | a. de escorias clinker asphalt arroyado,-da adj gullied | nf course of an arroyo | a. méxicano chapapate | a. verde green tar arroyar vtr to gully, form gullies ashgilliano,-na adj Ashgillian | nm Ashgillian arroyo nm brook, stream, creek | any ephemeral Ashgilliense nm Ashgillian water course | dry wash (less precipitous than asídero nm asiderite a barranca) | a. desecado nullah | a. asiento nm settling | sediment that settles in subglaciar glacial stream vats, etc. | a. de minas or a. mineral mineralized arroyuelo nm brooklet region arruga nf small fold asignar a vtr to assign to a formal stratigraphic arrugación nf folding of strata unit | to allot or allocate arrugado,-da adj wrinkled, corrugated, fluted asimetría nf asymmetry arrugamiento nm folding of strata | small fold asimétrico,-ca adj asymmetric arrugar vtr to fold asimilación nf assimilation | a. magmática arrugia nf gold mine | working of auriferous assimilation gravels asíntota nm asymptote arrumbamiento nm strike of a bed, vein, etc. | asintótico,-ca adj asymptotic bearing asísmico,-ca adj aseismic arrumbar vtr to outcrop asociación nf assemblage | a. de fósiles fossil arseniato nm arsenate assemblage arsénico nm arsenic | a. piritoso arsenopyrite | a. asociar a vtr to associate or associate with | to rojo realgar bracket a category, etc. arsenioso,-sa adj arsenious asombrarse vpr to become flatter | to become arseniuro nm arsenide more bed or manto like (veins) arsenoblenda nf arsenic blende | a. amarilla asomo nm outcrop | edge of a precipice | inlier orpiment aspa nf cross in the form of an X | [Pe] the arsenopirita nf arsenopyrite intersection of two veins artesa nf gold pan | [Col] river basin | a. de aspar vtr to cross in the form of an X criba screen pan | a. oscilante cradle (for aspecto nm aspect | a. vítreo glassy appearance washing placers) aspereza nf roughness, uneveness (of terrain) artesiano,-na adj artesian áspero,-ra adj uneven, rough (terrain) | harsh artesón nm wash trough (placer mining) asperón nm sandstone | a. carbonífero ártico,-ca adj arctic carboniferous sandstone asbestino,-na adj asbestine, made of asbestos aspillera nf dissolution surface on carbonate asbesto nm asbestos | a. actinolito actinolite | a. rocks lignoso ligniform asbestos asquístico,-ca adj aschistic asbolana nf asbolite, cobalt ocher asquisto,-ta adj aschistic ascender a vintr to come to, amount to, reach asta de venado nf [Pe] anglesite ascenco nm ascent, uplift, raise astenolito nm asthenolith ascharita nf szaibelyite astenosfera nf asthenosphere asentamiento nm settling astería nf asteria or asteriated sapphire | cat's asentar vtr to rest upon eye (a var of chalcedony) asentarse vpr to settle asterismo nm asterism asentista nm contractor, tutworker | a. de azogue Astiano,-na adj Astian contractor charged with transport of mercury astiense nm Astian from almacenes reales to silver mining centers A-15 astilla nf chip, splinter, spall | [Pataz, Pe] aureola nf aureole | a. albitica albitic rim | a. de particles of gold found in mud accumulated in contacto contact aureole street gutters after a heavy rain | a. de cantera auricalcita nf aurichalcite quarry spall áurico,-ca adj auric, gold astillar vtr to splinter aurífero,-ra adj gold-bearing, auriferous astillarse vpr to spall | to splinter autigénesis nf authigenesis astilloso,-sa adj hackly, splintery | easily autigénico,-ca adj authigenic chipped autígeno,-na adj authigenic astrago nm soil horizon autoclástico,-ca nf autoclastic astrakanita nf astrakhanite autocorrelación nf autocorrelation astrofilita nf astrophyllite autóctono,-na adj autochthonous | nm atabacado,-da adj tobacco-colored autochthon atacar con ácido vtr to etch with acid autóctonon nm autochthone ataque nm [Pe] breaking ground | a. químico autoformación de brechas nf autobrecciation etching | nmpl deads, waste autointrusión nf auto-injection, autointrusion atascadero nm swamp autolito nm autolith atectónico,-ca adj atectonic autometamorfismo nm autometamorphism atenuación nf attenuation automorfo nm idiomorphic aterramiento nm alluvium | action of silting up autóporo nm autopore aterrar vtr to silt up autopotential nm selfpotential atico,-ca adj Attic autuniano,-na adj Autunian atierre nm silting up | nmpl deads, waste Autuniense nm Autunian atíncar nm refined borax Auversense nm Auversian atípico,-ca adj atypical auxilio nm credit | a. de entre semana credit atmósfera nf atmosphere offered by a bank enabling a miner to borrow atmosférico,-ca adj atmospheric against the subsequent week's production | a. atol nm atoll ordinario a regular credit extended by a bank at atolón nm atoll the beginning of the year to miners in a gremio atolladero nm swamp de azogueros in proportion to the number of atómico,-ca adj atomic stamps their mills employed átomo nm atom avalancha nf avalanch | [Arg] flood atracción nf attraction avaluar vtr to appraise, value, estimate atravesado,-da adj crossed or cut by another avance nm advance | a. de una playa advance of a vein, fault, etc. beach | a. del glaciar glacial advance | a. del mar atravesar vtr to lay across, span | to go or pass transgression | a. en dirección advance on strike through, penetrate | to pierce, run through | to avenamiento nm drainage, draining | a. cross, go across | a. a un filón to cut accross a autógeno autogenic drainage | a. centrípetro vein or lode internal drainage | a. desordenado aimless atravesarse vpr to lie across, span drainage atravieso nm [Ch] gap, pass avenar vtr to drain aturiano,-na adj Aturian | nm Aturian avenc nm [Catalonia, Sp] sinkhole aturiense adj Aturian | nm Aturian avenida nf flood aturquesado,-da adj turquoise aventadero nm [Pe] gold placer | [Arg] shallow, atutía nf tutty (metal oxides encrusted on Quaternary placer | [Col] placer above the furnaces and chimneys) banks of a river auerbaquita nf auerbachite aventurino,-na adj aventurine | nf aventurine augengneis nm augengneiss averno nm gas pocket (in a coal mine) aulacógeno nm aulacogen avetado,-da adj veined, seamed aumento nm magnification | a. de una playa aviador nm person who finances a mine, advance of a beach contracting for the work | person who auramalgama nf gold amalgam advances funds or goods against future áureo,-rea adj gold, golden, aureate A-16

production from a mine | supplier of goods to azoico,-ca adj azoic | nm azoic | nitric miners azótico,-ca adj nitric aviadoro,-ra adj subject to assessment azolvarse vpr to silt up aviar vtr to finance a mine | to grubstake, lend azolve nm silt money and equipment for working a mine azolvos nmpl silt avío nm preparation, provision | implement or azúcar nf [Col] granular soft white calcite matrix material used in a mine | hereditary lease | to native gold ore funds or goods advanced for working a mine, azufrado,-da adj sulfurated | sulfur colored | grubstake | goods supplied to miners, supplies nm sulfuring | [col] yellow ocher found in aviso sísmico nm foreshock veins | [Hualgáyoc, Pe] yellow ore derived avolcanado,-da adj volcanic from decomposition of galena | [Ch] nitrate of axil adj axial soda (caliche) of a canary or lemon yellow color axilar adj axilary | [Pe] sulfide ore ayllu nm social group of Andean Indians united azufral nm solfatera through kinship | a drove of twenty llamas or azuframiento nm sulfuring burros in the charge of cumuris and used to azufrar vtr to sulfurate, impregnate with sulfur transport ore azufre nm sulfur | a. nativo native sulfur | a. azabachado,-da adj jet-black vivo brimstone, molten sulfur, native sulfur azabache nm jet (a var of lignite) azufrera nf sulfur mine azada nf a tool used to dress stone azufrón nm pyritic mineral in a pulverulent azanca nf spring condition | [Méx] sulfide ore azar nm chance | al a. at random azufroso,-sa adj sulfurous azarcón nm crocoite, red lead | a. nativo minium azul adj blue | nm blue, blueness | [Cartagena, azarnefe nm orpiment Sp] greenish-blue slate bearing disseminated azimut nm azimuth galena and iron silicate | [Méx] silver-bearing azoado,-da adj nitrogenous sulfide ores | a. acerado [Zacatecas, Méx] azoar vtr to nitrogenate stephanite | a. celeste sky blue | a. claro light azoato,-ta adj nitrate | nm nitrate blue | a. de cobalto cobalt blue | a. de montaña ázoe nm nitrogen azurite | a. de ultramar ultramarine blue | a. azogado nm mercury poisoning marino navy blue | a. oscuro dark blue | a. azogamiento nm mercury poisoning plomilloso [Zacatecas, Méx] argentite | a. turquí azogarse vpr to become poisoned by mercury indigo blue | a. verdoso petrol blue azogue nm mercury | ore amenable to azulado,-da adj bluish, blue amalgamation with mercury | [Pachuca, Méx] azulaque nm bitumen | [Zacualpan, Méx] second class ores | [Sinaloa, Méx] ore of silver argentite | [Fresnillo, Méx] disseminated sulfides, embolite, and copper silicate in a pyrite, argentite, silver chloride and native quartz matrix | [Batopilas, Méx] ore containing silver ores distal to veins | a. y cardenilla visible silver | a. apolvillado ore very amenable [Guerrero, Méx] silver-rich copper ores of blue to amalgamation | a. común ore generally and green colors amenable to amalgamation | a. ordinario ore azulenco,-ca adj bluish generally amenable to amalgamation | a. azulillo nm silver-bearing carbonate ore razonable ore marginally amenable to azulino,-na adj bluish amalgamation azuloso,-sa adj bluish azoguería nf amalgamation works azumbre nf a liquid measure of capacity azoguero nm [Potosí, Bol] an owner or equivalent to about two liters renter/operator of mines and mills azurita nf azurite azoguería nf amalgamating works | the azurronado nm [Tlalpujahua, Méx] silver- amalgamation process bearing cubic pyrite

B-1

B nivel bench mark | b. de piedra thick bed of stone | b. de rescates bank where silver bullion could be exchanged by miners for coin | b. de bacilar adj fibrous | bacillary río river bank | B. Minero bank, usually state bacteria nf bacteria | b. tigmotáctica thigmotactic owned, set up to provide credit to small and bacteria medium-size mining enterprises | b. platero bacular adj rod-shaped [Sinaloa, Méx] argentiferous pyrite báculo nm staff | [Méx] transit rod, range pole | bandaleta nf | en b. loop b. de Jacob Jacob's staff bandeado,-da adj banded | b. groseramente badana nf bag made from cured sheepskin used crudly banded to transport mercury bandeamiento nm banding badén nm gully banquear vtr to level, bench | [Col, Vz] to bagazo nm drilling mud excavate bahía nf bay banqueo nm leveling, benching | bench | [Col, baja nf fall, drop | b. ley low grade Vz] excavation | b. de préstamo [Vz] borrow pit bajada nf descent | bahada (merging of several banqueta nf small bed or bench alluvial fans) | slope | drop | ebb | banquisa nf pack-ice downgrade | ladderway bañado nm swamp, marsh bajamar nm low tide | ebb bara nf bar (unit of pressure) bajante nm low water, low tide barcana nf barchan dune bajar vintr to descend, sink | to lower | to drop barequear vtr [Col] to extract as much of the or fall in price | to ebb | vtr to reduce in price paydirt in a placer as possible without | to lessen disturbing the overburden bajial nm low ground subject to flooding baratina nf barite bajío nm bank, shoal | sandbar | lowland barchan nm barchan dune bajo,-ja adj low | bajo de ley of low grade bario nm barium bajo nm footwall | shoal or sandbank barisfera nf barysphere bajociano,-na adj Bajocian baritina nf barite bajocense adj Bajocian barján nm barchan dune bajociense adj Bajocian barlovento,-ta adj windward balaje nm balas ruby (a rose-red var of spinel) barniz nf varnish | b. del desierto desert varnish balanza nf balance | blind shaft | b. de Jolly Jolly barquina nf a type of large furnace balance | b. de torsión torsion balance barra nf bar, ingot | sandbank, bar | crowbar | balate nm boundary marker, survey marker | b. aviada limited liability share | b. aviadora border of a trench | terrace share paying assessments | b. de arena sand bar balde nm bucket | b. de arrastre dragline bucket | b. de caliza granular oolítica oolitic grainstone | b. de extracción mine bucket | b. de pozo shaft bar | b. de mina hand drill | b. de plata [Méx] bucket silver ingot of 75 pounds | b. de río shoal, bar | balicero nm [Méx] rodman b. prelitoral longshore bar | b. viuda limited balsamo nm balsam | b. de Canada Canadian liability share balsam barranca nf steep, jagged canyon, wash | cliff, banca nf bench bluff | gorge, ravine | slope (hill or mountain) bancada nf stope | bench | downgrade | [Arg] riverbank | b. abajo bancal nm berm, bench, terrace downhill | b. de falla fault scarp | b. de falla con banco nm thick bed or stratum | bank or bar of a erosión faultline scarp river, etc. | bench (in a quarry or mine) | [Méx] barranco nm gorge | fissure | precipice, cliff | horse (barren rock within or that deflects a landslide scar | [Vz] small round pits, about vein) | b. barrera barrier beach | b. de arena four feet in diameter, dug to work shallow ores sandbank, sand bar | b. de avíos bank which barrancón nm gorge, canyon advances funds for the working of mines | b. de barrancoso,-sa adj broken, rough (terrain) coral coral reef | b. de cota fija bench mark | b. de barranquero nm placer miner grava gravel bank | b. de hielo ice floe | b. de barranquilla nf [Méx] gully B-2 barreal nm clay pit | b. zambullidora an oblong, elliptical gold pan 3 barremiano,-na adj Barremian to 4 feet long and 14 to 18 inches wide barremense adj Barremian bataque nm [BC, Méx] deposits formed by barremiense adj Barremian spring waters barrena nf drill bit | crow bar | b. asimétrica side batería de pisones nf battery of stamps hill bit | b. batidora churn drill | b. de arrastre batial adj bathyal drag bit | b. de cable cable drill | b. de canteador batipelágico,-ca adj bathypelagic stone cutter's drill | b. de cateo earth borer | b. batir vtr [Col] to work placers by force of water de cesto basket bit | b. de chorro jet bit | b. de | b. el monte to explore for gold placers, etc. muelas reamer bit | b. de perforación desviada batisfera nf bathysphere directional bit | b. regulable expansion bit | b. batisismo nm bathyseism tubular core drill | b. sacanúcleos core drill | b. batolito nm batholith sacatestigos core drill batoniano,-na adj Bathonian barrenar vtr to drill batonense adj Bathonian barreno nm shot | drill | drill hole | [Col] batoniense adj Bathonian drilled well bauleao nm [Col] pyrite cubes barrera nf clay pit | barrier | b. prelitoral bayociano,-na adj Bajocian longshore bar Bayociense nm Bajocian barrero nm clay deposit | clay pit benceno nm benzene barretero nm miner employed at the working beneficiable adj millable, suitable for face cutting ores with a barra or crowbar benefeciation, workable barretón nm heavy crowbar | [Col] miner's pick beneficiador nm miller | mill operator | person barrial nm clay pit employed to supervise the patio process of barril nm barrel | [Fr Guiana] a weight of 100 amalgamation of silver ores kilograms beneficiar vtr to work or improve a mine | to barrilla nf [Bol] grains of native copper derive a profit from working a mine | to win disseminated in other copper ores | [Bol] metals from ore or concentrate | to smelt, copper or tin ore concentrates refine barro nm clay, loam, mud, earth, silt | marl | beneficio nm working of a mine | profits [Col] overburden on gold placers | b. de olleros derived from working a mine | reduction of potter's clay | b. glaciariaco till | b. refractario ores and concentrates, smelting | productive [Cu] fire clay ore | the richest part of a deposit | b. de cazo barroso,-sa adj muddy, clayey, silty [Méx] the hot amalgamation process of bartoniano,-na adj Bartonian reducing silver ores | b. de hierro amalgamation bartoniense adj Bartonian with the addition of iron filings | b. de metales basal adj basal | basement concentration of ores | b. de patio the cold, patio basáltico,-ca adj basaltic process of amalgamation of silver ores | b. de basalto nm basalt toneles the Freiberg or barrel process of basamento nm basement amalgamating silver ores | b. por cianuración base nm base (of crude oil) | b. de erosión base cyanide process of precious metal recovery | b. level of erosion por cloruración chlorination process of metal básico,-ca adj basic | basal recovery | b. por fuego recovery of metals by basitas nfpl [Arg] basic rocks direct smelting of ore bastoniforme adj rod-like bencina nf gasoline, benzene batea nf wooden gold pan, traditionally 20 bentónico,-ca adj benthic inches in diameter and 25 inches deep | b. bentonítico,-ca adj bentonitic cortadora polished gold pan 16 inches in bentos nm benthos diameter and rather less than 2 inches deep | b. benzol nm benzene lavadora variety of gold pan 16 inches in berilio nm beryllium diameter and 2 inches deep | b. vetadora gold berilo nm beryl | b. noble transparent beryl | b. pan 12 inches in diameter with ears or handles verdemar aquamarine berma nf berm B-3 bermellón nm cinnabar blastoideo,-dea adj blastoid berriasiano,-na adj Berriasian blastoporfirítico,-ca adj blastoporphyritic berriasiense adj Berriasian blenda nf blende | sphalerite | b. acaramelada berroqueña nf granite yellow sphalerite | b. amarilla yellow sphalerite bertierita nf berthierite | b. arsenical orpiment | b. cadmífera greenockite betumen nm bitumen | b. córnea [Méx] hornblende | b. de plata betún nm bitumen, asphalt | b. de Judea asphalt pyrargyrite | b. de zinc sphalerite | b. parda | b. marga bituminous marl brown sphalerite | b. roja red sphalerite | b. biáxico,-ca adj biaxial rubí red sphalerite | b. testácea fibrous biboro nm botryolite sphalerite bicarbonato nm bicarbonate blonco bueno nm [Guanajuato, Méx] a third bicloruro nm bichloride class of rich ore from the veta madre of about bicharra nf [Pe] a type of small furnace 400 ounce silver to the ton bidón nm jerry can bloque nm block | b. errático glacial erratic | b. bifurcación nf bifurcation, branching, forking | de fallas fault block branch of a vein that follows along strike bloque-diagrama nm block diagram bifurcamiento nm branching of a vein bloquear vtr to block out (ore) bifurcarse vpr to branch, as for a vein bloqui nm ingot bimbalete nm [Pe] a crude ore mill consisting of bobo,-ba adj [Ch] sterile, barren (of ore) a large boulder rocked by a transverse bar boca nf the first opening made on a vein or lode binario nm binary | b. dígito bit | mouth or collar of a shaft, well or adit | binche nm [Arg] cubic crystals of pyrite found in mouth of a river | gap, pass, saddle | b. de gold-bearing conglomerates glaciar glacial outlet | ice cave | b. de pozo binomio,-mia adj binomial wellhead | b. mina portal, mouth of an adit bioestratigrafía nf biostratigraphy bocal nm mouth, entrance | gap, straight, bioestratigráfico,-ca adj biostratigraphic narrows | pit head (coal mine) bioherma nf bioherm bocamejora nf auxilliary shaft biolita nf biolith bocamina nf portal, entrance to an adit or tunnel biolitita nf boundstone bocana nf [Col] river mouth biolito nm organic sediment bocarrena nf geode bióxido nm dioxide | b. carbónico carbon dioxide bocarte nm stamp mill | crusher | drag mill birrefringencia nf birefringence bocartear vtr to crush ore in a stamp mill birrefringente adj birefringent bocarteo nm crushing of ore in a stamp mill bisilicato nm bisilicate bodega nf chamber deposit bismalito nm bysmalith bodoque nm argentite | [Batopilas, Méx] silver bismutina nf bismuthenite chloride bismutinita nf bismuthenite bofía nf gypsum pipe bismuto nm bismuth | b. blenda eulytite | b. bofón nm plug nativo native bismuth | b. ocre oxide or bogue nm [Sp] boghead coal carbonate of bismuth bol arménico nm bole (type of red mud) bisulfato nm bisulfate boleo nm nodule of ore found in a vein | bisulfuro nm bisulfide concretions of ore found in sedimentary ore bitounita nf bytownite deposits | [Méx] waste dump bitumenización nf bituminization bolichar vtr to reduce ore in a boliche bitumífero,-ra adj bituminous boliche nm bowl concentrator used in the patio bituminoso,-sa adj bituminous process of amalgamating silver ores bivalencia nf bivalence bólido nm meteorite bivalente adj bivalent bolo nm [Col] a red ocher found in placers blanco,-ca adj white bolón nm cobble, boulder blandura adj softness | nf soft, crumbly earth bolone nm [Ch] rounded fragment of copper ore blanquizal nm pipe clay blastogranítico,-ca adj blastogranitic B-4 bolsa nf richest part of a mine | rich pocket of boya nm [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] rich vein or pocket ore | small irregular deposit | vug lined with of ore | b. del cobre copper production boom in druse 1887 in Perú due to high world market prices bolsada nf rich pocket of ore | druse | irregular for copper deposit | pocket, cavity bradfordiano,-na adj Bradfordian bolsilla nf small bunch of ore bradfordiense adj Bradfordian bolsón nm bolson, internal basin | large pocket bradisismo nm bradyseism of ore braguetilla nf [Pe] crude smelting furnace, often bolsonada nf bunch of ore no more than a roasting pit bolsonero,-ra adj [Bol] in rich ore, in pockets of braquianticlinal nm brachyanticline ore braquiópodo nm brachiopod bollandiano,-na adj Bollandian braquisinclinal nm brachysyncline bollandiense adj Bollandian brasa nf [Almadén, Sp] reduction of mercury ore bollo nm [Pe] pocket of ore by roasting and distillation bomba nf bomb (experimental) | pump | b. braunespato nm brown spar (any carbonate calorimétrica calorimetric bomb | b. volcánica colored brown by iron) volcanic bomb braza nf fathom (a unit of length) bonanza nf large deposit of rich ore | ore shoot brazada nf [Col, Vz] fathom (a unit of length) | | en b. yielding a profit, in good ore b. de piedra [Méx] a cubic measure used in bono nm bonus | b. de caja cash bonus selling building stone bononiano,-na adj Bononian brazaje nm water depth bononiense adj Bononian brazo nm arm | branch of a stream | b. boratera nf [Arg, Bol, Ch] borax deposit pantanoso bayou borato nm borate | [Ch] ulexite | b. calcinado brea nf pitch or tar | asphalt | b. de alquitrán coal calcined ulexite tar | b. de carbón coal tar | b. de hulla coal tar | borde nm river bank | fringe, edge | b. b. de tierra earth pitch | b. mineral heavy oil, continental continental borderland maltha, asphalt bordo nm edge | ore remaining in a mine brecha nf breccia | opening, break, crevasse | bórico,-ca adj boric, boracic [Col] prospecting trench | b. conchífera shell boro nm boron hash | b. de dislocación crush breccia | b. de fallas borra nm [Méx] matrix, gangue | barren rock | fault breccia | b. de fricción fault breccia | b. de refined borax | b. de veta soft, altered rock | en huesos bone breccia | b. de trituración fault b. in unproductive ground breccia | b. de talud talus breccia | b. filoniana borrasca nf an unproductive or unprofitable vein breccia | b. milonita mylonitic breccia | b. mine | barren rock | b. de la capa tounging of a osífera bone breccia | b. poligénica polygenetic bed into adjacent beds | dar or caer en b. to breccia | b. tectónica tectonic breccia | b. become unproductive or unprofitable volcánica volcanic breccia boruro nm boride brechación nf brecciation bota nf leather bag used to carry ore out of a brechiforme adj brecciated mine brechoide adj brecciated botadero nm dump brechoso,-sa adj brecciated botamiento nm fault | dislocation brigada nf party, gang, crew | b. de campo field botar vtr to dump party | b. del tránsito transit party | b. botella nf flask | b. de ácido acid bottle | b. de topográfica survey party azogue flask of mercury brillantez nf brilliance (gems) botija nf [Bol] rawhide bucket of about 7 gallons brillo nm luster | b. anacarado pearly luster | b. capacity ceroso waxy luster | b. de antimonio antimonite | botroide adj botryoidal b. de antimonio argentífero miargyrite | b. de bóveda nf cave or cavern | dome, cupola | betún pitchy luster | b. de bismuto bismuthenite chamber deposit | b. de sal salt dome | b. de cobalto cobaltite | b. de cobre chalcocite | bovedón nm [Pe] chamber b. de hierro red hemetite| b. de plata argentite | b. diamantino adamantine luster | b. grasiento B-5

greasy luster | b. graso greasy luster | b. grasoso brotar vtr to outcrop | to seep, emerge [Bol] greasy luster | b. mantecoso greasy luster | (groundwater) b. mate dull luster | b. metálico metallic luster | brotazón de veta nm [Méx] apex of a vein b. nacarado pearly luster | b. resinoso resinous brote nm [Cu] outcrop | b. de filtración seepage luster | b. sedoso silky luster | b. terroso earthy outcrop luster | b. vítreo glassy luster broza nf [Bol, Pe] barren part of a vein | low briozoario nm bryozoan grade ore | [Bol] coarse-grained minerals | brocado nm [Pe] low-grade ore [Ch] mine waste brocal nm collar (of a shaft) | entrance (to an buitrón nm section of the patio of an ingenio adit) where each cuerpo of ore was treated by the brocantita nf brochantite patio process of amalgamation of silver ores (a broceo nm [Ch] barreness or sterility of an ore patio was generally divided into several deposit | en broceo in barren ground buitrones) bromargira nf bromargyrite brújula nf compass | b. de geólogo geologists's bromargirita nf bromargyrite compass | b. minera mine compass bromo nm bromine bruno,-na adj dark brown bromuro nm bromide bruto,-ta adj coarse, rough | crude bronce nm bronze | pyrite | any mineral of a buche nm [Col] pocket of ore bronze color | [Pe] iron and copper sulfide ores bucle nm shield | b. bruno [Zacatecas, Méx] silver-bearing pyrite bufa nf [Mazipal, Méx] beds of brown iron ore | b. amarillo pyrite or chalcopyrite | b. añilado and malachite covellite | b. apretado pyrite | b. blanco pyrite | buncenita nf bunsenite [Potosí, Bol] arsenopyrite | b. bueno burdigaliano,-na adj Burdigalian [Guanajuato, Méx] silver-bearing pyrite | b. burdigaliense adj Burdigalian chino pyrite or chalcopyrite | b. de cobre burga nf hot spring chalcopyrite |b. dorado chalcopyrite | b. malo buro nm chalk | marl [Guanajuato, Méx] pyrite barren of silver | b. burrear vtr [Sp] to carry ore on one's shoulders morado bornite | b. nochistle chalcopyrite | b. busca nf search, exploration | [Méx] ore taken plateado [Ch] copper sulfide ore | b. platero out by prospectors silver-bearing pyrite buscador nm prospector broncita nf bronzite buscar vtr to prospect or explore bronco nm greenhorn, bronco (new, unproven buscón nm prospector oil field employee) | [Méx] loose, rock ready to busconero nm prospector fall búsqueda nf search | b. de información scouting a bronzado,-da adj [Pe] containing copper and iron well sulfide ore or bronces butano nm butane bronzudo nm [Méx] pyritic ore buzamiento nm dip, inclination | pitch | angle broquita nf brookite of dip | [Ch] plunge (in Chile manteo is used for brosa nf [Bol] low-grade ore dip) | b. aparente apparent dip | b. arriba updip broseo nm [Bol] weathering and decomposition | b. axil plunge | b. del eje plunge | b. en cupula of ores quaquaversal dip brosiri nm worker, usually minga used to break buzante adj plunging up ore buzar vtr to dip brotadero nm seep, spring, source

C-1

C caducación nf expiration of rights to a mining claim or lease caducar vtr to forfeit rights to mining claims or cabalgar vtr to overlap | to thrust, overthrust leases (generally by expiration) cabalgador nm nappe caducidad nf act of forfeiture to a mining claim cabalgamiento nm thrust, overthrust | c. or lease | expiration, lapse horizontal apparent heave | c. inclinado apparent caduco,-ca adj expired, invalid slip | c. vertical apparent throw caenozoico,-ca adj Cenozoic caballería nf a measure of land area cagafierro nm slag, scoria caballete nm [Méx] horse (waste rock within or caguacha nf residues of amalgam and mercury between veins) washed out of a mill caballero nm spoil bank caguachiri nm worker employed to collect caballo nm horse (waste rock within or between caguachas veins) | c. de piedra [Amolanas, Ch] basic, caída nf fall, drop | [hyd] head | dip | slip, fall barren intrusions into quartz porphyry | c. de (of rock) | c. de agua waterfall peña [Col] horse | c. de tepetate horse caídos nmpl fallen or caved ground | fallen cabecera nf headwaters of a river | summit of a material hill or ridge | [Bol] a working in the upper part caíman nm [Méx] ore chute of a mine | de c. accross a vein cainozoico,-ca adj Cenozoic cabeza nf [Méx] outcrop | [Col] upper part of a caja nf wall rock to a vein or deposit | thickness placer working | c. de ingenio stamp (in a mill) of a vein | [Ch] river bed | c. de esclusa sluice | c. de mina mine entrance | c. de moro a var of box | c. de extracción mine cage tourmaline cajalarga nf [Bol] rock easily drilled cabezo nm reef, submerged rock cajón nm canyon, gorge, gully | narrow or box cabezón nm rapids | boulder | eddy, whirlpool canyon | a measure of quantity of ore, | [Col] point at which a current of water loses generally weighing fifty quintales | [Col] clay at velocity such that material in suspension is contact between coal and country rock deposited cajonero nm worker who handles skips | [Méx] cabezuela nf [San Dimas, Méx] concentrates rich mouth of a shaft in gold and silver cal nf lime | c. de estaño cassiterite cablevía nf cableway, aerial tramway cala nf creek, cove, bight | test boring | cabo nm cape exploration well | c. de prueba test boring cabuchón nm rough, unpolished ruby calabrés,-esa adj Calabrian cabujón nm rough, unpolished ruby calabriano,-na adj Calabrian cachalonga nf variety of opal calabriense adj Calabrian cachí nm [Bol] barite | [Potosí, Bol] siderite | calamaco nm [Méx] large piece of rock difficult [Pe] salt | [Chañarcillo, Ch] calcite to break up cachimba nf [Arg] shallow well, spring | [Méx] calamina nf calamine, smithsonite | [Pe] miner's lamp hydrozincite | [Pe] aurichalcite cacholongo nm a var of opal calamita nf magnetite, lodestone | siderite | cachuela nf rapids compass needle | turquoise cadena nf chain | c. de Markov Markov chain | c. calar adj calcareous, lime | nm limestone quarry de montañas mountain chain | c. montañosa calar vtr to pierce, penetrate, perforate mountain chain calca nf copy | c. heliográfico blueprint cadenada nf [surv] length of one chain calcado nm tracing cadenear vtr [surv] to chain calcantita nf chalcanthite cadeneo nm [surv] chaining calcar vtr to trace, copy cadenero nm chainman | c. delantero head calcáreo,-rea adj calcareous, limey | nm chainman | c. trasero rear chainman | c. zaguero limestone [Arg] rear chainman calcedonia nf chalcedony cadmio nm cadmium cálcico,-ca adj calcic, calcium calciesponja nf calcisponge C-2 calcífero,-ra adj calciferous calichal nm [Bol] kaolin | [Méx] second class calcificación nf calcification silver ore of 150 to 1000 ounces per ton silver calcificar vtr to calcify caliche nm caliche | salpeter | [Pe, Ch] impure calciforme adj cup-shaped sodium nitrate | [Arg] cement to borate calcilodita nf mudstone (Dunham classification) nodules found in swamps | [Uco, Pe] clayey calcimétro nm calcimeter soil above gold veins | [Ch] altered clay calcinación nf calcination selvages to veins | [Durango, Méx] white, calcinador nm calciner, roaster decomposed clay | [Méx] feldspar | calcinar vtr to calcine, roast | vpr to calcine [Guanajuato, Méx] travertine | [Col] recently calcio nm calcium | c. clorurado calcium chloride discovered mineralized vein | [Col] calcioborita nf dreelite decomposed calcareous quartz | c. negro [Cerro calco nm a tracing | cast | c. de carga load cast | de Pasco, Pe] copper sulfides and c. de deslizamiento slide cast | c. de flujo flow cast sulfoarsenides | c. de roce bounce cast | c. espigado chevron calichera nf [Ch, Pe] deposit of caliche mark calichero,-ra adj relating to caliche calcocita nf chalcocite calichoso,-sa adj calcareous | feldspathic calcófilo nm calcophile cálido,-da adj hot, warm calcografía nf chalcography caliente adj warm, hot | [Méx] oxidized silver calcógrafo nm chalcographer ore calcopirita nf chalcopyrite cáliz nm calyx | de c. calycal calcosfera nf chalcosphere caliza nf limestone | c. carbonífera carboniferous calcosina nf chalcocite limestone | c. cavernosa cavern limestone | c. calcosita nf chalcocite conchífera fossiliferous limestine | c. coralina calcotriquita nf chalcotrichite coral limestone | c. cristalna crystalline caldera nf caldera | crater of a volcano | winze carbonate (Dunham classification) | marble | c. | sump | c. vaporizadora de mercurio mercury de agua dulce freshwater limestone | c. de arrecife boiler reef limestone | c. feldespática arkosic limestone calderilla nf winze | c. fétida stinkstone | c. granular grainstone caldero nm cauldron | hundamiento en c. (Dunham classification) | c. hidráulica limestone cauldron subsidence that yields hydraulic lime in calcination | c. caledoniano,-na adj Caledonian lodogranular packstone (Dunham classification) calefacción nf heat, heating | c. lodosa wackestone (Dunham classification) calefaccionar vtr to heat | c. magnesiana dolostone | c. oolítica oolitic calentado,-da adj hot | c. al blanco white hot | c. limestone | c. porosa porous limestone al rojo red hot calizo,-za adj calcareous, lime calentador nm [Río Tinto, Sp] a reverboratory calocar nm white clay furnace used to calcine ore calomelano nm calomel calero,-ra adj calcareous, limestone | nm lime calón nm [Huelva, Sp] iron oxide-bearing burner | operator of a lime pit | nf lime pit or sandstone and limestone deposit | limestone quarry | lime kiln calorescencía nf calorescence calesa nf [Méx] ore bucket calor nm heat | c. blanco white heat | c. de caleta nf creek, cove, inlet hidraración heat of hydration | c. específico caleza nf [Méx] ore bucket specific heat | c. latente de fusión latent heat of calibita nf chalybite, siderite fusion | c. propio geothermal temperature | c. caliborita nf kaliborite rojo red heat calibración nf calibration | caliper logging caloría nf calorie calibrar vtr to calibrate | to guage, measure calórico,-ca adj caloric calibre nm caliper | c. micrométrico microcaliper calorífero,-ra adj heat-producing, giving heat calicanto nm [Chuquibamba, Pe] auriferous calorífico,-ca adj calorific conglomerate calorimetría nf calorimetry calicata nf [Arg] test pit | bore, drill hole calorimétrico,-ca adj calorimetric, calorimetrical calorímetro nm heat probe, calorimeter C-3 caloviano,-na adj Callovian canchamina nf [Ch] work area around a shaft or caloviense adj Callovian adit caluma nf [Andes] pass, gap, gorge canchaminero nm [Ch] surface worker in a mine calvo,-va adj barren, desert cancho nm large rock, boulder callana nf [Pe] government refinery or mint candencia nf incadescence calloviano,-na adj Callovian candente adj incadescent, red-hot calloviense adj Callovian candil de minero nm miner's lamp cama nf layer, bed, stratum | c. de roca bedrock canel nm [Sp] cannel coal camada nf bed, stratum, layer caney nm small bay | [Col] river bend cámara nf chamber, room | ore shoot, chamber canga nf any red lateritic soil | iron-bearing deposit | c. de minas chamber of mines | c. laterite | [Arg, Bol] iron-bearing soil magmática magma reservoir cangagua nf [Col] clay suitable for adobe bricks cambio nm change, variation | c. de facies facies cangahua nf [Ec] hardpan change | c. de naturaleza variation in cangalla nf tailings | [Ch] stolen ore sedimentary material | c. de nombre renaming | cangalli nm [Tipuani, Bol] false bedrock of c. de potencia variation in thickness ferruginous quartz arenite that overlies gold- cambriano,-na adj Cambrian bearing sand cámbrico,-ca adj Cambrian cangilón nm bucket | [Ec] mud hole | [PR] caminamiento nm [Ec] traversing small waterfall | c. de arrastre dragline bucket camino nm [Bol] gallery, drift cangrejero nm [Col] pockets of gold occuring in camión nf truck | c. de disparo shooting truck | c. smaller veins or venillas de registro recording truck | c. de taladro drilling canguilón nm [Ch] bucket truck canón nm royalty, tax | rate | c. bruto gross campamento nm camp, campground | c. minero royalty | c. de adición overriding royalty | c. de mining camp cierre shut-in royalty | c. de compensación campaña nf level country compensation royalty | c. del propietario fee campaniano,-na adj Campanain royalty | c. de participación royalty interest | c. campaniense adj Campanian exento de cargos non-participating royalty | c. campanil nm [Bilbao, Sp] hematite | [Sierra fijo fixed royalty | c. no vencido unaccrued Nevada, Sp] siderite royalty | c. sin gastos free ride campilita nf campylite cantal nm stone or pebble | spall | stony ground campista nf tributor, lessor cántara nf a liquid measure equivalent to 13.16 campamiento minero nm mining camp liters | [Durango, Méx] white, decomposed campo nm field | mining camp | c. aurífero gold clay field | c. coercitivo coercive field | c. de cumbres cántaro nm [Guadalcázar, Pe] retort for reducing | c. de kames kame field | c. de nieves firn field | mercury ores c. de un microscopio field of view (microscope) | cantear vtr to cut stone c. del petróleo oil field | c. gasífero gas field | c. cantera nf quarry | quarry stone, hewn stone, magnético magnetic field | c. minero mining ashlar, freestone | [Vz] small veinlets of quartz camp | c. petrolero oil field | c. productor detached from veins | c. de arena sand pit | c. de producing field | c. raso flat, open country grava gravel pit | c. de préstamo borrow pit canal nm channel | flume, race, ground sluice | cantería nf quarry | quarrying, hewing of stone c. de erupción chimney, pipe | freestone, ashlar, hewn stone | [Méx] tuff canalado,-da adj grooved, fluted, corrugated cantero nm stonemason | sum canalización nf channelization cantidad nf quantity, amount | c. de rotación canalón nm ground sluice amount or degree of rotation cancagua nf [Ch] a stiff, sandy soil cantil nm cliff | shelf | cliff edge cancha nf ore bin | [Pe, Ch] mine dump | place cantillo nm small stone, pebble near the entrance of a mine where ore was cantizal nm stony ground sorted by hand canto nm edge or border | thickness | stone or canchal nm rocky or stony place | [Méx] pebble | boulder | fragment of flint | dressed moraine stone | c. errático glacial erratic | c. grande C-4

cobble | c. rodado boulder, cobble, pebble | c. Indian in charge of his community's mitayos sin labrar rough ashlar | de c. edgewise, on edge during their service cantorral nm stony ground caporal nm [Vz] foreman canturrón nm [Col] manganese oxide capote nm [Col] topsoil caña nf gallery | c. de mina gallery | c. de volar cápsula nf laboratory dish blasting hole capotero,-ra adj shallow cañada nf valley, gorge, ravine | eroded river captación nf capture, piracy | c. en abanico arc bank | the immediate drainage formed by a shooting spring | [Arg] inlet, estuary | [Col, PR] stream captura nf capture | c. de río river capture or cañadón nm canyon, gorge piracy caño nm gallery (in a mine) capuchón nm cap rock cañón nm canyon | drift, gallery | c. submarino cara nf face | facet of a crystal | wall of a fissure submarine canyon | panel of stone in a quarry | c. de crucero cañutillo nm [Col] fine emerald cleavage face caolín nm kaolin, china clay cárabe nm amber caolínico,-ca adj kaolinic caraca nf [Col] thin layer of hard clay between caolinita nf kaolinite, kaolin bedrock and paydirt in placers caolinización nf kaolinization caracol adj spiral capa nf bed, layer, seam, stratum | stratabound carácter nm character | extent deposit | c. acuífera aquifer | c. barrera blocking característica nf characteristic, feature layer | c. basal bottomset bed | c. cabalgante caradociano,-na adj Caradocian nappe | c. clave key bed | c. cobijante nappe | c. caracociense adj Caradocian competente competent bed | c. de carbón coal carámbano nm icicle seam | c. de filón beded vein | c. de hielo ice cap caramero nm [Vz] flood debris | c. de velocidad velocity bed | c. dorsal topset carapacho nm carapace bed | c. freática acuifer | c. frontal foreset bed | carbeno nm carbene c. fuselar fusellar layer | c. gasífera gas cap | c. carbón nm coal | carbon | charcoal | cinder | ondulítico wave stratum | c. osífera bone bed | c. graphite | c. aglomerante coking coal | c. reflectora reflecting bed | c. roja red bed | c. aglutinante coking coal | c. algal algal coal | c. superior topset bed | c. vegetal top soil | en capas almendrillo nut coal | c. antracitoso anthracite | layered, bedded c. bituminoso bituminous coal | c. brillante capa-filón nm bedded vein glance coal | c. candeloide cannel coal | c. capacidad nf capacity | c. electrica capacitance | conglomerante coking coal | c. craso coking coal c. térmica heat capacity | c. de algas boghead coal | c. de ampelita cannel capacho nm bucket | [Pe, Ch] rawhide bag for coal | c. de astilla splint coal | c. de bujía cannel carrying ore of 2 to 4 arrobas capacity | c. de coal | c. de cok coking coal | c. de gas [Vz] gas extracción mine bucket carbon | c. de gaz cannel coal | c. de llama corta caparazón nm carapace | shell hard coal | c. de llama larga soft coal | c. de caparrosa nf melanterite | copperas | vitriol | c. piedra coal | c. de piedra pasada coke | c. de amarillo copiapite | c. azul blue vitriol | c. retorta gas carbon | c. de tierra coal | c. entrozado blanda goslarite [Méx] broken coal | c. fosíl coal | c. granado nut capataz nm foreman | c. de turno shift boss coal | c. graso coking coal | c. grueso large coal capilar adj capillary | c. lustroso pitch coal | c. magro non-coking capilaridad nf capillarity coal | c. mate cannel coal | c. menudo small coal capillo nm cupel | c. mineral coal | [Pe] peat | c. no aglutinante capita nf band, small seam, thin layer non-coking coal | c. para calderas steam coal | c. capitán nm foreman | c. de la mita Spaniard or pardo lignite | c. pezoso pitch coal | c. seco non- Creole in charge of the mita | c. de yanaconas coking coal | c. semigraso semibituminous coal person in charge of Indians permanantly | c. tal como sale run-of-mine coal | c. vegetal dwelling in a mining center, as opposed to charcoal mitayos who lived elsewhere | c. enterador carbonáceo,-cea adj carbonaceous carbonada nf load of coal C-5 carbonado nm black diamond, carbonado carí adj lead grey carbonar vtr to turn into charcoal, carbonize cariado,-da adj rotten carbonato nm carbonate | [Sp] lead ore | c. carmesí adj crimson | nm crimson cálcico calcium carbonate | c. de hierro siderite | carmín adj carmine, crimson | nm crimson | c. de sodio soda | c. de sodio anhídrico soda ash | [Col] limonite c. magnésico magnesite | c. plomizo cerussite carmineo,-nea adj carmine, crimson carboncillo nm small coal, fine coal, slack | coal carnación nf flesh color dust carne de vaca nm [Bol, Pe] coarse galena ore carbonear vtr to turn into charcoal, carbonize | (considered to be relatively poor in silver) | to load coal [Hualgáyoc, Pe] red amorphous sphalerite, carboneo nm charcoal making phosphorescent on fracture carbonera nf coal bin or bunker | coal mine carneola nf variety of chalcedony carbonería nf coal mine | coal shed or yard carniense nm Karnian carbonero,-ra adj coal | nm coal mine | coal carrancho nm [Col] altered granite carrying merchant, coalman auriferous pyrite and free gold | shaley host carbónico,-ca adj carbonic rock in which gold veins are unproductive carbonífero,-ra adj carboniferous | coal-bearing carranchoso,-sa adj [Col] rough, scaley, harsh carbonilla nf coal dust, fine coal, pulverized coal carrascal nm [Méx] honeycombed quartz, | cinder usually barren carbonización nf carbonization carrera nf run | c. de la marea tidal range carbonizar vtr to carbonize | to burn | vpr to carretada nf cart or wagon load of 120 arrobas carbonize carretal nm [Sp] roughly dressed ashlar or carbono nm carbon | c. orgánico organic carbon rubble-stone | carbono 14 carbon-14 carro nm car | c. calichero [Ch] nitrate car | c. carbonoso,-sa adj carbonaceous carbonero coal car | c. de extracción mine car | c. carborundo nm corundum salitrero [Ch] nitrate car carburo nm carbide carst nm karst cárcamo nm drain (of a mine) | flume carstenita nf karstenite, anhydrite cárcava nf gully, ditch cárstico,-ca adj karstic carcavón nm gorge carstificación nf karstification carcomar vtr to erode, undermine | vpr to be carta nf map | chart | c. planialtimétrica [Arg] undermined topographic map cardenilla nf [Batopilas, Méx] proustite cartografía nf cartography | c. aérea aerial cardenillo nm verdigris photosurveying carear vtr to face (stone) cartografiar vtr to survey, make maps carga nf load | loading | [hyd] head | [met] cartográfico,-ca adj cartographic heat, charge | mule-load of 8 to 14 arrobas | cartógrafo nm cartographer man load of about 2 arrobas | duty, tax, charge cartoteca nf [Vz] map file | [Bol] altered rock useful as a guide to ore casa nf house | c. de afinación assay office (an [Col] pebbles and cobbles found in placers | institution of the Royal Spanish Treasury | c. [Sandia, Pe] overburden on placers | c. de mula del apartado parting establishment load of about 8 to 14 arrobas | c. del lecho bed casar metales vtr [Pe] to mix ores for load | c. disuelta dissolved load | c. mineral ore amalgamation or smelting | c. suspendida suspended load casarón nm large stope cargado,-da adj loaded | heavy, dense cascada nf waterfall, cascade| [Col] rapids | c. cargamento nm load, shipment | cargo de diaclasa joint-plane waterfall | c. de glaciar cargar vtr to load | to charge (a furnace) | v intr glacierfall to load up cascajal or cascajar nm gravel deposit | gravel cargo nm burden, loading | load of stone of pit about one third of a cubic meter | [Granada, cascajear vtr to extract gravel from a gravel pit | Sp] one cubic vara [Col] to clean out cobbles from a sluice carhua nf [Pe] pyrite C-6 cascajero nm gravel bed | worked-out mine | catastrófico,-ca adj catastrophic [Col] a previously worked placer that still catastrofismo nm catastrophism contains gold catazona nf katazone cascajo nm gravel deposit | quarry waste | fine cateado,-da adj prospected, explored gravel | [Arg] cobbles | [Ch] coarse, gold- cateador nm prospecter | sampler | prospecter's bearing gravels | [Fr Guiana] deeply pick weathered rock | [Méx] waste rock | c. blando catear vtr to look for, search for | to prospect or [Calamachi, Méx] talcose schist bedrock to explore a mine, deposit or property | to sample placers | c. duro [Calamachi, Méx] slate which cateo nm prospecting, exploration | sampling forms potholes in bedrock to placers | cátodo nm cathode [Durango, Méx] iron-bearing quartz | [Pe] cauce nm river channel, river bed | ditch, trench pockets of silver ore of large size | [El Caratal, | way, channel, course | c. inferior lower course Vz] decomposed schist forming bedrock to (of a river) | c. superior upper course (of a river) placers | altered diorite in the vicinity of veins caudal nm fortune, wealth | rate, discharge, cascajoso,-sa adj gravelly volume of flow | c. afluente runoff, inflow | c. casco nm hard hat de avenida flood flow | c. de un río discharge of cascote nm rubble stone | waste | muck | a river | c. sólido bed load [Arnao, Sp] screened coal 250 to 600 mm in size caudaloso,-sa adj in full flood cárstico,-ca adj karst cava nf digging, ditch | pit, excavation | rill | casimba nf well | spring | [Cu] sinkhole [Reocín, Sp] cuts made in working calamine casíterita nf cassiterite quarries casquete nm cap | c. de gas gas cap cavadizo,-za adj easily excavated casquijo nm gravel | gravel bar cavador nm digger, excavator castaña nf abandoned mine cavadura nf digging castaño,-ña adj chestnut brown | nm chestnut cavar vtr to dig, excavate | to dig or sink a well brown | vintr to dig castellano nm an old Spanish coin | one-fiftieth cavazón nm [Sp] digging, excavation part of a marco | [Méx] furnace used for lead caverna nf cavern, cave, hollow smelting cavernario,-ria adj cave, cavern castigar vtr [Méx] to dress or smooth stone cavernoso,-sa adj cavernous, porous castillete nm headframe cavidad nf cavity, vug | c. de un filón vug or castillo nm headframe pocket in a vein castina nf limestone flux cavitación nf cavitation castor nm petalite cayo nm cay, small island | shoal cata nf mine under litigation | mine of shallow caz nf flume, canal, race depth | placer mine | prospecting pit, test pit | cazo nm vessel used for heating ore in the hot testing, boring, exploration | [Méx] subsidence amalgamation process for silver ores cataclástico,-ca adj cataclastic cebar vtr [Méx] to smelt ore catacorte nm [Col] prospecting pit or trench cebo nm [Méx] smelter charge | [Col] late calcite catadora nf earth auger precipitated by groundwaters infiltrating veins catálisis nf catalysis ceca nf royal mint catlítico,-ca adj catalytic cedazo nm small hand sieve used in assaying catalizador,-dora adj catalytic | nm catalyst celemín nm dry measure equivalent to two catalizar vtr to catalyze maquilas and one-twelth of a fanega cataclasis nf cataclastic process celestina nf celestite cataclismo nm cataclysm célula nf cell | cellule catar vtr to explore, prospect, sample celular adj celular catarata nf cataract, waterfall cementación nf cementation | setting of casing | cataroca nf [Arg] cataclastic rock c. de fondo plug back catastral adj cadastral cementado,-da adj cemented catastro nm official land register, cadastre | cementar vtr to cement inventory or census of mining properties C-7 cemento nm cement | c. artificial [Sp] Portland cerrarse vpr to thin out, pinch out, as for a vein cement | c. puzolánico pozzulan cement cerrazón nm [Col] part of a placer containing cementoso,-sa adj cement-like boulders cenagal nm swamp cerril adj rough, uneven, hilly cenagoso,-sa adj swampy cerrillada nf range of low hills cendra nf paste of bone ash used to make cupels cerrillo nm hillock cendradilla nf [Méx] small reverberatory cerro nm hill (smaller than a pico but larger and refining furnace steeper than a loma) | c. glaciarico kame ceniciento,-ta adj ashen, ashy color cerro-mesa nm table mountain cenicilla nf [Méx] black earthy residue obtained cerúleo,-lea adj cerulean, azure, deep blue in reducing mercury ores in a gallery furnace cerusa nf cerussite ceniza nf ash | c. de plomo litharge | c. de soda cerusita nf cerussite soda ash | c. volcánica cinder cesio nm cesium cenizo,-za adj ash colored cesión nf failure | c. de interés farm-out cenizo-negro nm [Chañarcillo, Ch] transitional cianita nf kyanite ore zone containing both silver chlorides and cianizar vtr to cyanide proustite-pyargyrite cianuración nf cyanidation, cyaniding cenomaniano,-na adj Cenomanian cianuro nm cyanide cenomanense adj Cenomanian cibairo nm any blue or green copper mineral cenote nm [Yucatan, Méx] sinkhole cíclico,-ca adj cyclic, cyclical cenozoico,-ca adj Cenozoic ciclo nm cycle | c. de erosión erosional cycle | c. cental nm a measure of weight glaciar glacial fluctuation centellador nm scintillator, scintillometer cielo nm sky | roof of a working | hanging wall centellómetro nm scintillator, scintillometer | a c. abierto open pit centenaja nf [Col] pothole (in a river) ciénaga nf depression where water collects | centiárea nm square meter, centare swamp, bog | c. cárstica karst fen, karst swamp centígrado,-da adj centigrade ciencia nf sceince | ciencias geológicas geological centila nf percentile sciences centigramo nm centigram cienegal nm [PR] swamp centímetro nm centimeter cieno nm mud | sludge centro nm center | height and depth | axis of a científico,-ca adj scientific | nm/nf scientist stream, etc. cierre nm closure | shut-in | c. anticlinal ceñido,-da adj [Méx] thinned out, narrowed anticlinal closure | c. del trazado [surv] closure ceolita nf zeolite cifra nf figure, number, numeral | quantity, cera nf wax | c. fósil or mineral natural parrafin, amount | c. decimal digit mineral wax cilíndrico,-ca adj cylindrical, cylindric cerámico,-ca adj ceramic cilindrio nm cylinder cerargirita nf cerargyrite cima nf summit, top, height, peak, crest cerca adv near | c. del sol open pit | nf [Ch] cimborrio nm dome | roof, cieling, hanging wall bedrock cimbrozano nm [Vz] earthquake céreo,-reaadj waxy, wax cimento nm cement cerio nm cerium cimofana nf cymophane, chrysoberyl cernedor or cernidor nm screen, sieve cinabarita nf [Sp] cinnabar cerner or cernir vtr to sift or sieve cinabrio nm cinnabar | c. hepático hepatic cerniduras nfpl screenings cinnaber cero nm zero | c. absoluto absolute zero cinc nm zinc | c. rojo zincite ceroso,-sa adj waxy, ceraceous cincel nm chisel | [Pe] large mass of native cerracho nm [Huancavelica, Pe] smalls (granza) silver | c. del indio [Col] stone chisel used by of mercury ore used as the top charge in the natives for quarrying stone | c. de uñas [Sp] barba furnace stone cutter's chisel cerrar vtr to close | to enclose | to shut-in (a cincelador nm stone cutter's chisel well) | c. el trazado to close a survey cincelar vtr to chisel C-8 cincelete nm graver, small chisel clasificable adj classifiable cincífero,-ra adj zinc-bearing, zinciferous clasificación nf classification | sorting | order | cincita nf zincite c. de Dunham Dunham's classification of cincha nf girth, cinch carbonate rocks cinerita nf ash flow clasificado,-da adj classified cinético,-ca adj kinetic | nf kinetics clasificador nm filing cabinet | classifier cinquero nm zinc worker (milling) cinta nf tape | measuring tape | band or layer of clasificar vtr to class, classify | to sort | to mineral in a vein | [Col] gold-bearing horizon grade, class | to screen in a placer | c. de agrimensor measuring tape | clástico,-ca adj clastic c. de bolsillo pocket tape | c. métrica measuring claustalita nf clausthalite tape clavada nf winze cintada nf [surv] tape length, tape measurement clavado,-da adj [Col] vertical cintarrón nm [Col] layer of pay-dirt in a placer clavaque nm pebbles of quartz crystal of unusual thickness clavo nm bunch of ore | pay streak | rich ore cinteado,-da adj banded, ribboned | nf streak, shoot | chimney (of ore) | inclusion of igneous band rock within sedimentary rock | [Col] piece of cintero nm [surv] tapeman | c. delatero head gold which cuts a pebble or cobble from one tapeman | c. trasero rear tapeman | c. zaguero side to another [Arg] rear tapeman cliachita nf bauxite, cliachite cintilómetro nm scintillator, scintillometer clinclasa nf clinoclase cinturón nm belt, zone | c. de cabalgamiento clinocloro nm clinochlore overthrust belt | c. morénico moraine belt clinoeje nm clinoaxis circa nf [Ch] bed rock clinómetro nm clinometer circar vtr [Bol] to mine selectively clivaje nm cleavage | c. de crenulación circo nm cirque, kar | c. glaciar cirque crenulation cleavage | c. de disyunción fracture circón nm zircon cleavage | c. de estratificación bedding cleavage circona nf zirconia | c. de flujo flow cleavage | c. de fractura fracture circóico,-ca adj zirconic cleavage | c. de lápis pencil cleavage | c. de circonio nm zirconium micropliegue crenulation cleavage | c. de plano circonita nf zirconite axil axial plane cleavage | c. de roca rock círculo nm circle | district | c. antártico antarctic cleavage | c. de transposición slip cleavage | c. circle | c. ártico arctic circle | c. de Mohr Mohr's en abanico cleavage fan | c. espaciado spaced circle | c. polar polar circle cleavage | c. paralelo bedding cleavage | c. circunferencia nf circumference pizarreño slatey cleavage | c. pizarroso slatey cisco nm broken coal | coal dust cleavage | c. verdadero slaty cleavage citrina nf citrine (a var of quartz) clizoglifo nm mud crack cizalla nf shear cloantita nf chloanthite cizallar vtr to shear clorato nm chloride cizalleo nm shearing clorhidrato nm hydrochloride cizallimiento nm shearing clorhídrico,-ca adj hydrochloric ckajcheo nm irregular workings resulting from clórico adj chloric selective mining clorita nf chlorite ckallar vtr to high grade a vein or deposit by clorítico,-ca adj chlorite, chloritic mning selectively cloritización nf chloritization ckatata or ckatati nf [Bol] leather bag used to cloritoide nf chlortoid haul ore cloro nm chlorine ckojta nf [Bol] miner's carbide lamp clorocalcita nf hydrophilite ckollpa nf [Bol] trona cloroespinela nf chlorospinel claro nm open space in a lode remaining after cloruro nm chloride | c. de cal chloride of lime | ore has been extracted c. de sodio sodium chloride | c. sódico sodium clase nm class | grade | c. cristalina crystal class chloride C-9 coacervación nf coacervation cochizo nm pyrargyrite | [Bol, Pe] tetrahedrite | coalescencia nf coalescence, fusion [Pe] stromeyerite | c. falso [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] cobáltico,-ca adj cobaltic bournonite cobaltífero,-ra adj cobalt-bearing, cobaltiferous cochura nf roasting cobaltina nf cobaltite codal adj one cubit long cobalto nm cobalt | cobalt ore | c. arsenical código nm code of laws | c. de carolina mining smaltite | c. brillante cobaltite | c. fragmentado code for Potosí and the area under the native arsenic | c. gris cobaltite, smaltite authority of the viceroyalty of the Río de La cobaltoso,-sa adj cobaltous Plata (essentially modern Bolivia) established cobertera nf platform cover in 1792 | c. de minas mining laws cobertura nf cover, covering codo nm cubit coblenciano,-na adj Coblenzian coeficiente nm coefficient | c. de confianza colbenciense adj Coblenzian confidence level | c. de correlación correlation cobijadura nf alluvium | [Arg] overthrust coefficient | c. de determinación coefficient of cobre nm copper | copper ore | c. abigarrado determination | c. de elasticidad modulus of bornite | c. amarillo chalcopyrite | c. ampolloso elasticity | c. de permeabilidad coefficient of blister copper | c. añilado covellite | c. azul permeability | c. de productividad productivity azurite | c. bruto en plancha copper ingot | c. de index | c. de variación coefficient of variation acarreo drift copper | c. de cementación cement cogollo nm upper part | c. de la cinta [Col] copper | c. del cátodo cathode copper | c. en upper part of the pay zone in a placer | c. del plancha sheet copper | c. gris (antimonial) hilo [Col] upper part of a vein | c. de las vetas tetrahedrite | c. gris (arsenical) tennantite | c. outcrop of a vein gris argentífero freibergite | c. gris mercurial coherencia nf coherence schwazite | c. hepático a var of chalcopyrite | c. cok nm coke | c. de petróleo petroleum coke | c. índigo chalcocite | c. morado bornite | c. nativo de retorta gas coke | c. para altos hornos blast native copper | c. negro blister copper | furnace coke tenorite | c. piritoso chalcopyrite | c. piritoso cola nf tail | [Méx] part of a vein that hepático bornite | c. porfídico copper porphyry | terminates with depth | nfpl tailings c. rojo cuprite | c. roseta copper ingot | c. salino colada nf flow (of lava) | melt | filtering | c. de atacamite | c. silíceo crysocolla | c. sulfurado lava lava flow vidrioso chalcocite | c. sulfúreo chalcocite | c. coladero nm winze, ore pass, ore chute verde malachite | c. vidrioso chalcocite | c. vírgen colador nm strainer | c. de lodo shale shaker | c. native copper | c. vítreo torbernite vibratorio shale shaker, mud screen cobreño,-ña adj copper, with copper coladura nf straining, filtering cobrizo,-za adj copper-bearing, cupriferous | colagón nm [Méx] conduit, canal copper-colored, coppery | nm [Méx] low-grade colar vtr to cast metal | [Méx] to sink a shaft copper ore colarse vpr to seep, percolate cocción nf roasting colatidud nf colatitude coceo nm [Méx] thrust colección nf collection cocer vtr to roast ore colector nm collector | c. de gas gas trap cocimento nm [Pe] boiling of ores | [Ch] method colgado,-da adj suspended, hung | [Bol] said of of treating nitrates a mine working which encounters an already cocinera nf [Zacatecas, Méx] rich part of a mine worked area coco nm [Col] gold pan made from a cocanut colgante adj hanging, suspended shell colgar vtr [Col] to use natural drainage to work cocolita nf coccolite a placer cocolito nm coccolith colicuación nf smelting cocha nf [Bol, Ec] lake, pond colillas nfpl tailings cochano nm [Vz] nugget colimación nf collimation cochino nm [met] pig colimador nm collimator cochiso nm [Pe] proustite, pyrargyrite colina nf ridge, hill | hillock | c. de presión pressure ridge C-10 colindante adj adjacent comerse los pilares vpr [Méx] to rob pillars colmado,-da adj piled in heaps comillo nm reverberatory furnace colmarse vpr to fill up comisión nf [Col] party | c. de estudios [Col] colmatación nf filling | [Arg] silting up survey party colmataje nm filling comisura nf corner | c. estratigráfica bedding colmo nm height, summit plane colocar vtr to arrange or place, locate, set compacidad nf [PR, Vz] compaction, colofonita nf collophane compactedness colófano nf collophane compactación adj compaction, compacting, coloformo,-ma adj colloform consolidating coloidal adj colloidal compacto,-ta adj compact, dense coloide adj/nm colloid compañía nf company | La C. [Pe] Cerro de coloideo,-dea adj colloid, colloidal Pasco Corporation colomillo nm [Col] protruding rocks in the compás nm compass (for drawing) | compass bedrock of a river or placer (for navigation) | c. de división dividers color nm trace or color of gold | rock stained by compensación nf adjustment, compensation | c. mineral de la brújula compass compensation colorante nm coloring material compensar vtr to adjust | c. la aguja adjust a colorado,-da adj red | nf [Topia, Méx] rusty compass needle orange staining of propylitized andesite due to competencia nf competence weathering of pyrite | nm red | [Méx] gossan competente adj competent | [Pe, Ch] oxidized silver ores colored by complejo nm complex | c. basal basement copper | nmpl silver ore with high iron oxide complex | c. de base basement complex | c. content fundamental basal complex | c. volcánico coloreado,-da adj colored volcanic complex colpa nf copperas | [Pe] a silver ore componente nm constituent, component colqueruna nm Indian who obtained exemption composición nf composition from the mita by paying a fee to his caquique comportamiento nm behavior | c. geoquímico colqui nm [Bol, Pe] silver geochemical behavior columna nf pipe or column of rock or ore | c. de compresibilidad nf compressibility brecha breccia pipe | c. de petróleo oil column | compresible adj compressible c. de sondeo drill string compresión nf compression | c. isotermica columnar adj columnar isothermal compression coluvial adj colluvial compresivo,-va adj compresive coluvión nf colluvium compreso,-sa adj compressed collado nm saddle, gap, pass | hill comprimible adj compressible collpa nf [Bol, Pe] nitrate, trona comprimido,-da adj compressed comarca nf territory, district, region | border, comprimir vtr to compress | v,pr to be boundary, limit | study area | c. minera mining compressed district compuesto,-ta adj compound | nm compound comba nf bulge computador nm computer combar vtr to bend, curve or warp computadora nf computer combersa nf [Arg] valley computar vtr to compute, calculate combinación nf combination, compound | cómputo nm computation, calculation commingling | permutation común adj common, ordinary, average | nm ore combo nm [Bol] sledge hammer of average grade combustible adj combustible | nm fuel, comunicación nf [Bol] drift that connects two combustible | fuel oil | c. líquido liquid fuel section of a mine | intersection of a raise or combustión nf combustion | c. in situ in situ winze with a gallery combustion concavidad nf concavity combustóleo nm fuel oil cóncavo,-va adj concave | nf cavity, hollow comercialización nf marketing cóncavoconvexo,-xa adj concavo-convex C-11 concentración nf concentration | c. en seco dry rectangular rectangular pattern | c. Wenner concentration Wenner array concentrado,-da adj concentrated | nm confitillo nm [Méx] pea gravel, peastone concentrate conflación nf smelting concentrador nm concentrator confluencia nf confluence, concourse, or concentrar vtr to concentrate meeting of two rivers, etc. | junction | c. de concentricidad nf concentricity glaciares glacial confluence concéntrico,-ca adj concentric confluente adj confluent, tributary | nm concesión nf concession, grant | c. comunitaria confluence, concourse (of rivers) community lease | c. de tiro shooting lease confluir vtr to converge, meet, come together concesionar vtr to grant a concession congelado,-da adj frozen concesionario nm holder of a concession, congelar vtr to freeze, congeal | vpr to freeze, licensee, grantee congeal concoide adj conchoidal congelo nm [Ch] lowest layer of caliche concoideo,-dea adj conchoidal consisting of selenite, sand, sulphates and concordancia nf conformity chlorides concordante adj concordant, conformable conglomerádico,-ca adj [Arg] conglomeritic, concreción nf concretion | c. calcárea calcareous conglomerate sinter | c. esferoidal spheroid concretion conglomerado,-da adj conglomerate | nm concrecionado nm deposit formed by chemical conglomerate | c. aurífero gold placer | c. de precipitation boleos boulder conglomerate | c. de chinos concrecionar vtr to sinter cobble conglomerate | c. de fallas fault concrecional adj concretionary conglomerate | c. de granito [Arg] granolithic concha nf shell | test (microfossil) conglomerate | c. de peñas [Vz] cobble conchífero adj shell-bearing | nm [Méx] shell- conglomerate | c. de peñones [Vz] boulder bearing limestone conglomerate | c. de trituración crush conchilla nf [Arg] shell conglomerate | c. fundamental basal conchudo,-da adj shelly, shaly conglomerate | c. rojo [Méx] conglomerate cónchula nf [Arg] test (microfossil) cemented by red, iron-bearing clay condensación nf condensation conglomerante nm binding material condensado nm condensate | c. retrogrado conglomerar vtr to conglomerate | vpr to retrograde condensate conglomerate condensar vtr to condense conglomerático,-ca adj conglomeratic cóndrita nf chondrite conglutinado,-da adj conglutinated conducción nf conduction | c. de calor thermal conglutinarse vpr to coalesce, coagulate, cake conduction congo nm [Col] pebbles or fragments of iron ore conductancia nf conductance found in placers | iron oxide found in veins | conductibilidad nf conductivity sphalerite conductible adj conductive congosto nm pass | canyon, gorge conductividad nf conductivity congruente adj congruent conductivo,-va adj conductive congruo,-rua adj congruent conducto nm vent or pipe of a volcano | coniaciano,-na adj Coniacian channel, lava channel | conduit | c. volcánico coniaciense nm Coniacian volcanic vent conicidad nf taper | conicity conexión adj connection, linkage cónico,-ca adj conical | conic (projection) | nf confección nf drawing up, making up | c. de conic section mapas mapping conificación nf water coning configuración nf pattern, array, configuration | coniforme adj cone shaped c. de afloraminetos outcrop pattern | c. de conileno nm conylene diaclasas joint pattern | c. dendritica dendritic conjugado,-da adj conjugate pattern | c. en reja trellis pattern | c. lee lee conjunción nf conjunction configuration | c. radial radial pattern | c. C-12 conjunto nm suite | assemblage | c. de estratos contracañon nm [Méx] gallery driven into the sedimentary complex footwall side of a vein cono nm cone | c. acandilado spatter or drip cone contracción nf contraction, shrinking | c. adventicio adventive cone, parasitic cone | c. contracielo nm [Méx] raise, upraise | c. de acceso aluvial alluvial fan | c. compuesto compound manway raise | c. escalonado stope raise | c. cone | c. de agua water coning | c. de cenizas piloto pilot raise | c. ramal branch or cutout cinder cone | c. de deyección alluvial fan | c. de raise erupción eruption cone | c. de lava lava cone, contraconducto nm counterchute shield volcano | c. parásito parasite cone | c. contracorriente nf countercurrent, eddy, reverse piroclástico pyroclastic cone current | a c. upstream conodonto nm conodont contraerse vpr to contract, shrink conoide nm conoid contrafilón nm countervein, counterlode conquilífero,-ra adj [Sp] containing shells contraflujo nm countercurrent, eddy consecuente adj consequent contramina nf a tunnel connection two mines consolidación nf consolidation contrapresión nf back pressure consolidado,-da adj consolidated contrastar vtr to assay coins, gold, silver etc. consolidar vtr to consolidate, compact | sin c. contraste nm assay unconsolidated contrata nf [Pe] a system of debt servitude in consolidarse vpr to settle, become compact mining in the 19th century which later evolved constante nm constant | c. de gravitación into a bonifide system of contract labor gravitational constast | contrato nm contract | c. de avío credit for constricción nf constriction working a mine | c. de reembolso bottom hole consumido nm [Méx] mercury used in the patio contract | c. llave en mano turnkey contract process of amalgamation of silver ores; contravena nf countervein Colonial silver miners, when registering their contraveta nf countervein silver production with the Royal Treasury, convección nf convection were issued an amount of mercury (consumido) convergencia nf convergence | c. en ley equivalent to the amount reckoned to have convergence in distribution or law | c. en been consumed in producing the registered probabilidad convergence in probability silver convergente adj convergent, converging contacto nm contact | c. de transición gradational convexidad nf convexity contact | c. gradual gradational contact | c. neto convexo,-xa adj convex sharp contact | c. pronunciado sharp contact | c. convolución nf convolution sedimentario sedimentary contact | c. tectónico coordenada nf coordinate | c. cartesiana tectonic contact Cartesian coordinate | c. de simetría cinemática contador nm counter | c. central center counter | kinematic symmetry cleavage | c. de simetría de c. de altura altimeter | c. geiger geiger counter | pliegue fold symmetry cleavage | c. estructural c. proporcional proportional counter fabric symmetry cleavage | c. tecto-textural de contar vtr to count simetría fabric symmetry cleavage contemporáneo,-nea adj contemporaneous copal nm copalite, mineral resin | c. de congo contenido nm concentration, grade | content congo copal contextura nf structure and texture | c. ofítica copalillo nm [Batopilas, Méx] sphalerite | ophitic texture [Zacatecas, Méx] cerussite continental adj continental copaquira nf copper or nickel sulfate, continente adj containing | nm continent melanterite contingente nm share, quota, allowable | c. de copela nf cupel producción provisional temporary allowable copelación nf cupellation contornar or contornear vtr to sketch or trace the copelar vtr to assay by cupellation, cupel outline of | to skirt, pass around copete nm crest contorno nm outline, contour | periphery | c. copey nm [Ec] bitumen estructural structural contour coprogéno,-na adj coprogenic coprolito nm coprolite C-13 coque nm coke | c. amorfo amorphous coke | c. correr vtr to run or flow, as for rivers, etc. | to de petróleo petroleum coke | c. de retorta gas run a survey | c. una línea [surv] to run a line | coke c. niveles [surv] to run levels coquería nf coking plant correspondencia nf ratio of mercury consumed coquificación nf coking to silver produced in the patio process of coquificar vtr to coke amalgamation of silver ore coquización nf coking correspondido nm ratio of mercury consumed to coquizar vtr to coke silver produced in the patio process of coraliano,-na adj Corallian amalgamation of silver ore corálico,-ca adj [Vz] coral corrido,-da adj continuous | lineal, running | nf coraliense adj Corallian run, travel | strike of a vein | [surv] a run of coralífero,-ra adj coraliferous levels | [Bol] drift, float | [Ch] coutcrop | nf coraliforme adj coraliform [Bol] drift which follows the course of a vein coralígeno,-na adj coral corriente adj running, flowing | nf current | coralino,-na adj coraline, coral-red stream, flow | course of a river | c. abajo cordado,-da adj ropey upstream | c. arriba upstream | c. cataclinal cordel nm a measure of length | a measure of cataclinal stream | c. de conveción convection area current | c. de densidad density current | c. de cordillera nf mountain range | c. divisoria divide remolino [Arg] eddy current | c. de rompiente rip cordón nm [Arg, Ch] mountain chain | c. de current | c. de turbeidad turbidity current | c. de cerros range of hills | c. estratigráfico shoestring turbidez turbidity current | c. efluyente effluent sand stream | c. fluvial stream | c. freática subsurface cori nm [Bol, Pe] gold flow c. litoral longshore current | c. cori-bronce nm [Potosí, Bol] chalcopyrite sedimentadora aggrading stream | c. turbia corindón nm corundum turbidity current cornalina nf cornelian chalcedony corrimiento nm landslide, sliding | overthrust | cornamusa nf [Pe] earthen retort c. aparente apparent slip | c. horizontal corneana nf hornfels horizontal thrust cornelina nf cornelian chalcedony corromperse vpr to decompose córneo,-ea adj horny corrosivo,-va adj corrosive cornerina nf cornelian chalcedony | onyx corroyente adj corrosive, abrasive cornubianita nf hornblende corrugación nf corrugation | c. intraformacional coro-coro nm [Bol] native copper intraformational corrugation corona nf rim | c. albítica albitic rim corrugado,-da adj corrugated coronación nf crest cortada nm cut or working coronamiento nm crest, top cortafierro nm cold chisel corral nm a land measure of 5.857 hectares cortafrío nm cold chisel correción nf correction | c. de bouguer bouguer cortahierro nm cold chisel correction | c. estática static correction cortanúcleos nmpl core bit, core drill corredero nm [Col] ancient, abandoned river bed cortar vtr to cut | c. alturas to trench a vein at corredura nf flow, overflow the surface, stoping downwards as far as corregir vtr to correct, adjust (instruments) practical | c. sogas to abandon a mine correlación nf correlation | c. de los rangos rank cortarse vpr to be cut off, as for a vein correlation | c. ilusoria false correlation | c. cortaveta nf [Bol] drift which intersects a vein at lineal linear correlation | c. múltiple multiple an angle correlation | c. parcial partial correlation | c. corte nm cut off | cutting | working face, cut | serial serial correlation section | cut or opening to an ore deposit or correlograma nm correlogram mine | stope | [Col] surface workings of a correntada nf current (of a river, etc.) placer | c. de pozo drill cutting | c. de préstamo corrental nm current (of a river, etc.) borrow pit | c. de roca thin section | c. geológico geologic cross-section | c. tranversal cross section | c. y relleno cut and fill C-14 corteza nf crust | c. helada permanente permafrost crecimiento nm flooding, rising | growth | c. | c. terrestre earth's crust exponencial exponential growth | c. lineal linear corundo nm corundum growth | c. logístico logistic growth corvadura nf curvature crema nf cream (color) cosedimentación nf cosedimentation crenulado,-da adj crenulate, crenulated cosolete nm escutcheon cresta nf crest | c. de gas gas cap | c. dentada coseno nm cosine hogback | c. divisadora divide | c. monoclinal costa nf coast, shore | c. acantillada steep coast | hogback c. alta mountain coast | c. de emersión crestería nf hogback, ridge | watershed line emergence coast | c. de sumersión submergence crestón nm outcrop | outcrop of a vein or coast | c. playa low coast deposit | crest costado nm side of a pit, tunnel or shaft creta nf chalk costal nm [Méx] ore-sack of 150 pound capacity cretáceo,-cea adj Cretacous costalera nf ore-sacks (collectively) cretácico,-ca adj Cretacous costanero,-ra adj coastal | nf slope cretoso,-sa adj chalky coste nm cost | c. de extracción extraction cost, criadero nm ore deposit, vein, seam or shoot | lifting cost | c. de taponamiento plug-back cost | genesis of ore deposits | [Ch] matrix | [Col] c. intangible intangible cost gold found in the heads of streams | [Méx] costeable adj [Méx] workable at a profit, payable chamber deposit | c. bolsada irregular deposit | costeño,-ña adj coastal c. de contacto contact metasomatic or skarn costero,-ra adj coastal, nearshore deposit | c. de petróleo oil pool | c. detrítico costero nm side of a mineral deposit alluvial deposit | c. en árbol deposit that costra nf crust, scale | slag | [Ch] conglomerate branches like a tree | c. en capa stratiform that overlies caliche deposit | c. en filón veins of considerable extent costroso,-sa adj scaley | c. en veta vein deposit | c. en manto bedded cota nf altitude, elevation | c. de altura elevation vein deposit | c. en masa irregular deposit | c. | c. de comparación datum | c. de nivel elevation en saca irregular, sack-like deposit | c. | c. de referencia bench mark, datum engabarrado disseminated deposit | c. irregular cotación nf elevation irregular deposit | c. en riñones small, irregular coto nm boundary marker | c. minero group of deposits mines criba nf screen, grizzly, riddle | c. hidráulica jig, covacha nf small cave jigging table covadera nf guano deposit cribado,-da adj cribate, cribiform | jigged, covarianca nf covariance concentrated on a jigging table | nm sieving, covelina nf covellite sifting, screening | nm screening | [Sevilla, Sp] coyote nm working area during block caving screened coal 30 to 100 mm in size cracoiano,-na adj Cracoian cribador,-ora adj sieving, sifting, screening | nm cracoiense adj Cracoian ore screen | siever, sifter, screener craquear vtr [Arg] to crack (petroleum) cribadura nm sieving, screening or jigging of ore craqueo nm [Arg] cracking | c. al vapor steam cribar vtr to screen, sieve, jig or sift cracking | c. catalítico catalytic cracking | c. cribón nm grizzly térmico thermal cracking criboso,-sa adj cribate, cribiform cráter nm crater of a volcano | c. adventicio crinoide nm crinoid adventive crater | c. de explosión explosion crioconito nm cryoconite crater | c. de meteorito meteor crater | c. criógeno,-na adj cryogene inundado maar | c. parásito or parasítico parasitic criptoclástico,-ca adj cryptoclastice crater criptocristalino,-na adj cryptocrystalline cratógeno nm craton criptógeno,-na adj cryptic crece nm [Ch] flood criptomagmático,-ca adj cryptomagmatic crecer vtr to rise, swell (river) | to increase criptómera nf cryptomere, aphanitic rock crecido,-da adj in flood | nf flood criptón nm krypton creciente nm flood, rise | c. de la marea flood tide criptovolcánico,-ca adj cryptovolcanic C-15 crisoberilo nm chrysoberyl fan | c. espaciado spaced cleavage | c. ondulado crisócola nf chrysocolla | borax crenulation cleavage | c. pizarroso slaty crisol nm assay or smelting crucible | hearth (of cleavage | c. verdadero slaty cleavage a furnace) cruciforme adj cruciform crisolada nf charge of a crucible crudo,-da adj crude, untreated | hard (water) | crisólita nf chrysolite nm crude oil | c. de equidad equity crude | c. crisólito nm chrysolite dulce sweet crude crisoprasa nf chrysoprase cruzado,-da adj crossed or cut by another | nf crisótilo nm chrysotile crosscut cristabalita nf cristabolite cruzador nm cross vein cristal nm crystal | c. de roca rock crystal | c. crudeza nf hardness (of water) mineral dissolved salt cruz nf intersection of veins cristalillo nm hyaline quartz | crystallized salts cruzamiento nm crosscutting of veins cristalinidad adj crystallinity cruzante nm vein that cuts another cristalino,-na adj crystalline cruzar vtr to cross, cut or traverse cristalito nm crystallite cuaderno nm field book, notebook | c. de cristalización nf crystallization nivelación level book cristalizador,-dora adj crystallizing cuadra nf a measure of length of one quarter of a cristalizante adj crystallizing mile cristalizar vtr/intr/pr to crystallize cuadrado,-da adj square | nm square | c. latino cristaloblastasis nf crystalloblastesis Latin square | c. medio mean square cristaloblástico,-ca adj crystalloblastic cuadrángulo nm quadrangle cristalofísica nf crystal physics cuadrante nm quadrant (of a circle) cristalografía nf crystallography cuadrático,-ca adj quadratic cristalográfico,-ca adj crystallographic cuadrícula nf grid, cross ruling cristaloide adj/nm crystalloid cuadriculado,-da adj grid, in squares | nm grid, cristaloideo,-dea adj crystalloidal cross ruling cristalóptica nf crystal optics cuadricular vtr to grid criterio nm criteria | c. de rechazo rejection cuadrilla nf gang, party, crew | c. de perforación criteria drilling crew crocoísa nf crocoite cuadrivalente adj quadrivalent crocoisita nf crocoite cuadro nm table | shaft | c. periódico periodic cromato nm chromate | c. de hierro chromite table crómico,-ca adj chromic, chrome-bearing cuajado nm [Méx] silver-bearing lead ore cromita nf chromite (ore) cuajar vtr to evaporate brine cromito nm chromite (chemical) cuajarse vpr to coagulate, cake cromo nm chromium, chrome cuaje nm total evaporation of brine cromocre nm chrome ocher cualitativo,-va adj qualitative cromoferrita nf chromite cuántico,-ca adj quantum, quantic cromo nm chrome cuantificación nf quantification cronoestratigráfico,-ca adj chronostratigraphic cuantificar vtr to quantify | to quantize cronología nf chronology cuantila nf quantile cronológico,-ca adj chronological cuantitativo,-va adj quantitative croquis nm sketch | rough draft cuanto nm quantum cruce nm [Bol] intersection of two galleries or cuarache nm [Guanajuato, Méx] clay selvage drifts around a vein crucero nm jointing | cleavage | [Bol] cuarcífero,-ra adj quartz-bearing, quartziferous intersection of two galleries or drifts | c. cuarcita nf quartzite | c. feldespática arkosite astilloso pencil cleavage | c. básico basal cuarcítico,-ca adj quartzitic cleavage | c. de intersección pencil cleavage | c. cuarta nf fourth | quadrant | a linear measure of de plano axil axial plane cleavage | c. de roca one fourth of a vara cleavage, rock cleavage | c. en abanico cleavage cuarteadura nf crack, split, fissure C-16 cuartear vtr to break rock with a sledge hammer cuchilla nf knife-edged or sharp ridge | | to mountain crest | mountain range | outrunner quarter | to crack | vpr to crack, split or branch of a sierra | line of hills cuarteo nm crack, fissure | splitting, dividing cuele nm driving, sinking (workings) into parts | [Méx] piecework cuelga nf [Ch, Col] slope, grade (of a river) cuarterón nm [Méx] a liquid measure of 25 liters cuenca nf basin | watershed, river drainage cuarteta nf [Ch] a measure of area system | valley | trough, graven | c. cuartila nf quartile alimentadora watershed | c. carbonífera coal cuartilla nf one fourth of an arroba, one-sixteenth basin | c. cerrada closed basin | c. de of a quintal alimentación watershed | c. de drenaje drainage cuartillo nm a measure of volume of one fourth basin or area | c. de fallas graben | c. de of a fanega or real sedimentación sedimentation basin | c. fluvial cuartón nm boulder | [Méx] flagstone river basin | c. hidrográfica drainage basin | c. cuarzo nm quartz | c. ahumado smokey quartz | hullera coal basin | c. imbrífera [Arg, Ur] c. alfa alpha quartz | c. amarillo cairngorm stone watershed | c. marginal marginal basin | c. | c. bastardo bull quartz | c. beta beta quartz | c. marina sea basin | c. petrolífera oil pool | c. cariado rotten quartz | c. citrino topaz | c. recolectora watershed | c. rocosa rock basin | c. ferruginoso iron stained quartz | c. hialino sedimentaria sedimentary basin | c. submarina hyaline quartz | c. hialino verde sinople | c. submarine basin | c. tributaria watershed lechoso milky quartz | c. listado ribboned quartz cuenco nm pool, basin | c. macho [Col] quartz barren of ore | c. cuerpo nm body or mass of rock or mineral | porfídico [Pe] hornstone | c. radiado cross-course orebody | c. de agrimensores survey party | c. de spar | c. rosado rose quartz | c. tabular laminar beneficio ore body | c. de brecha hidrotermal quartz hydrothermal breccia body | c. de filón or de cuarzodiorita nf quartz diorite veta branch of a vein | c. del alto hanging wall cuarzomonzonita nf quartz monzonite branch of a vein | c. del bajo footwall branch of cuarzoso,-sa adj quartzose a vein | c. del enmedio branch of a vein between cuaternario,-ria adj Quaternary the footwall and hanging wall | c. intrusivo cuaterno,-na nf quaternary intrusive body | c. magmático boss, stock | c. cuba nf vat | c. de cianuración cyanidization vat mineralizado ore shoot cubaje nm volume cuesco nm core | [Méx] coarse ore cubertura nf cover cuesta nf abrupt grade, elevation | rise | hill | cubeta nf [Vz] trough, downfold, syncline, basin slope | c. abajo downhill, downslope | c. arriba | c. cerrada basin | c. marina ocean basin uphill cubetada nf bucketfill cueto nm high crag, rocky peak cubetadraga nf dragline bucket cueva nf cave | c. vieja [Minglanilla, Sp] large cubicación nf computation of volume chambers resulting from the excavation of salt cubicaje nm volume cuisiano,-na adj Cuisian cubicar vtr to block out (ore) | to compute cuisense nm Cuisian volume culminación nf culmination cúbico,-ca adj cubic cumbre nm summit, top, ridge, peak, crest cubierta nf cover, overburden cumbrera nf summit, top, ridge cubierto nm cover, overburden | c. fluvioglacial cumulante nm cumulant galcial cover | c. moderno recent cover cúmulo nm accumulation, pile, heap | irregular cubilote nm cupola deposit or mass | stockwork cubo nm cube cumuri nm owner of llamas or burros employed cubreobjeto nm cover glass, cover slip to transport ore cubrir vtr to cover cuneta nf small trench cucúrbita nf retort cuniforme adj cuniform, cuneate, wedge-shaped cucurucho nm peak, summit, top cuña nf wedge | c. de hielo cucharadraga nf [Ec] dragline bucket cuota nf allowable, quota, share | c. cuchareo nm baling (of a well) suplementaria discovery well allowable C-17 cúprico,-ca adj cupric distribution | c. bimodal bimodal curve | c. de cuprífero,-ra adj copper-bearing, cupriferous declinación decline curve (oil or gas production) cuproso,-sa adj cuprous | c. de las frecuencias acumuladas cumulative cúpula nf cupola, dome, roof | c. de lava lava frequency distribution | c. de nivel contour line dome | c. de vaporización flash curve | c. en j J-curve | curi nm [Ec] gold c. en u U-shaped curve | c. familiar family curve curiche nm [Bol] lake, pool (average of decline curves for several wells) | c. curso nm course | stream | c. antecedente isóbata depth contour | c. unimodal unimodal antecendent stream | c. consecuente consequent curve stream | c. desplazado offset stream | c. efluyente curvación nf curvature effluent stream | c. influyente influent stream | curvar vtr to bend, curve c. pirata pirate stream | c. ramificado braided curvatura nf curvature, warp stream | c. sobrepuesto superimposed stream | curvilíneo,-nea adj curvilinear c. subsecuente subsequent stream cúspide nf peak, summit | apex curva nf curve | c. acampanada bell(-shaped) cuspilito nm beach cusp curve | c. acumulada cumulative frequency

D-1

D demarcar vtr to demarcate, delimit, mark out demasias nfpl [Bol] land falling outside of existing mining claims dacítico,-ca nf dacitic dendriforme adj dendroid danense adj Danian dendrita nf dendrite danés adj Danian dendrítico,-ca adj dendritic daniano,-na adj Danian dendroide adj dendroid daniense adj Danian dendroideo,-dea adj dendroid darcy nm darcy densidad nf density | d. API API gravity | d. de data nf date probabilidad probability density | d. natural datación nf dating, age determination natural (rock) density | d. relativa relative datar vtr to date, put a date on | vintr to date density, specific gravity dato nm fact, datum, record, piece of densimetro nm densimeter information | nmpl data, facts, information dentado,-da adj jagged, serrated, toothed | débil adj weak dentate debilidad nf weakness dentellado,-da adj jagged, serrated, toothed | decaedro nm decahedron dentate decano nm decane denticulado,-da adj toothed decantación nf decantation | d. selectiva selective denudación nf erosion, denudation decantation denudar vtr to erode, denude decapitación nf stream capture denuncia nf petition for a mining claim decila nf decile denunciar vtr to obtain legal possession to a declinación nf declination | d. de la aguja or mining claim magnética deviation from magnetic north depleción nf depletion declive nm inclination, slope, incline, declivity, deposición nf deposition dip, pitch | en d. sloping, on a slope depositar vtr to deposit | vpr to settle declividad nf slope depósito nm deposit, sediment | deposition | dedo nm twelth part of a palmo, twenty-eigth reservoir, tank | stock of mercury issued to part of a vara colonial silver miners on credit by the Royal defecto nm defect | d. de estructura crystal defect Treasury | d. aluvial alluvial deposit | d. de | d. de masa mass defect contacto contact metamorphic deposit | d. de deflación nf deflation minerales mineral deposit | d. de metal ore deflexión nf deflection | d. de la aguja magnetic deposit | d. estratoligase stratiform deposit | d. deviation glaciar glacial deposit | d. mural mural deposit deformación nf deformation | strain | d. por deslizamiento slump | d. vetiforme deformar vtr to deform | to strain vetiform deposit degradación nf degradation, erosion depositición nf deposition degradar vtr to degrade depresión nf depression, hollow | gap, pass | d. dejar respaldo vtr [Pe] to leave ore in the wall- litoral longshore trough rock of a mine depuración nf purification (of water) deleznable adj brittle, friable, crumbly depurar vtr to purify deleznamiento nm slakings derecho,-cha adj straight | nm grant, concession deleznar vtr to crumble | d. de captura rule of capture | d. de mina delineado,-da adj blocked-out (ore) mineral rights delinear vtr to block out (ore) derechos nmpl tax on ore | d. de mineraje royalty delta nm delta | d. continental inland delta | d. | d. de señoraje duty formerly paid to the king of glaciárico kame delta | d. marino marine delta Spain on coining gold or silver deltaico,-ca adj deltaic deriva nf drift | d. de (los) continentes continental demantoide adj demantoid, uralian emerald drift demarcación nf demarcation derivar vtr to calculate | vintr to incline, drift, demarcador,-dora nf demarcating, of trend demarcation derivación nf offset D-2 derramamiento nm runoff desazogadera nf retort used to volatilize and derramarse vpr to overflow, run-off recover mercury from amalgam derrame nm declivity, slope, incline | sill | desazogar vtr to volatalize and recover mercury overflow, runoff desbarrancadero nm precipice derretido,-da adj melted, molten desbocado,-da adj overflowing (river) derretimiento nm melting, thawing desbordamiento nm overflow, overflowing derretir vtr to melt, thaw, melt down | vpr to desbordar vintr/pr/tr to overflow, flood melt, become molten, thaw desborde nm overflowing derribar vtr to break ground descalaminado nm removal of calamine derribo nm breaking ground descalaminar vtr to remove calamine from derrocado,-da adj caved descalcificación nf decalcification derrubiar vtr to erode, undermine, wash away descalcificar vtr to decalcify | vpr to become derrubio nm alluvium | erosion, undermining, decalcified washing away | d. estriado striated pebbles | d. descarbonatar vtr to decarbonate glacial glacial drift descarburación nf decarbonization, derrumbadero nm precipice, cliff decarbonizing derrumbamiento nm caving, collapse of descarburante adj decarbonizing, decarburizing workings | landslide | slumping | d. de tierra | nm decarbonization, decarbonizing landslide decarburar vtr to decarbonate, decarburize derrumbarse vpr to cave in, fall in, collapse descargar vtr to discharge | vintr to flow | d. en derrumbe nm caving, collapse of workings | to flow into landslide | d. de montaña rockfall descendencia nf descendence derrumbo nm precipice | [Col] landslide descendente adj downslope desagregación nf desaggregation, disintegration descendiente adj descending | descendent, desagregado,-da adj disintegrated descendant desaguadero nm drain, outlet descenso nm subsidence desaguador nm drain, canal, outlet descoagulante adj liquefying desaguamdo nm drainage, draining | drain, descoagular vtr to liquify, dissolve outlet descogollar vtr [Col] to work the cogollo or desaguar vtr to drain, empty, run off | v intr to upper part of a vein flow, drain into | vpr to drain descolorante adj bleaching desagüe nm drainage, draining | drain, outlet descolorar vtr to bleach | vpr to be bleached desahucio nm [Bol] anullment of a mining claim descolorido,-da adj bleached | nm bleaching for failure to pay taxes descolorimiento nm bleaching desalación nf desalinization descolorir vtr to bleach | vpr to be bleached desalar vtr to desalinate descomponer vtr/pr to decompose | to resolve (a desalinización nf desalinization force) | to split up (a fraction) | to break down desalinizar vtr to desalinate descomposición nf decomposition | resolution desamontar vtr to unpile (of a force) | factoring desamparar vtr to abandon a mine or working descompresión nf decompression desamparo nm abandonment of a mine or descomprimir vtr to decompress working descompuesto,-ta adj decomposed desaparación del mineral nf picnhing out desconcharse vpr to spall, exfoliate desarenar vtr [Col] to wash away sand in a describir vtr to trace | to describe placer working descripción nf tracing | description desarollar v tr develop | to unroll, unfold (a descuajar vtr/pr to liquify, dissolve map) | vpr to develop, be developed | to descubierto,-ta adj exposed unroll, unfold (a map) descubridor,-ra adj discovered desarollo nm development | expansion (of a descubrimiento nm discovery | d. en suspensión mathematical expression) | unrolling (of a suspended discovery map) descubrir vtr to discover desdoblar vtr to unfold (a map) D-3 desecación nf dessication, drying | draining (of desleidura nf dissolving | dilution a marsh) desleimiento nm dissolving | dilution desecado,-da adj dried, dessicated | nm drying, deslindador nm land surveyor dessication deslindamiento nm delimitation, demarcation, desecador,-dora adj drying, dessicating marking of boundaries desecamiento nm dessication, drying | draining deslindar vtr to mark the boundaries of, delimit, (of a marsh) demarcate, survey desecante adj drying, dessicating deslinde nm demarcation desecar vtr/pr to dry up, dessicate | to drain desliz nf landslide desecativo,-va adj drying, dessicating deslizamiento nm landslide, slide | slip | d. de desecho nm waste rock | very low grade ore | faldeo landslide | d. de terreno landslide | d. [surv] offset laminar afín affine laminar slip | d. lento slow desembocadura nf river mouth, outlet slide | d. total net slip desembocar vintr to flow, run deslizarse vpr to run, flow | to slip, slide, glide desencielar vtr [Col] to extract ore that remains desmagnetización nf demagnetization between two adits desmagnetizar vtr to demagnetize desencofrado nm removal of timbering from a desmenuzable adj friable | unstable mine desmineralización nf demineralize desencofrar vtr to remove timbering from a desmineralizar vtr to demineralize mine desmontar vtr to strip away overburden desescombrar vtr to muck desmonte nm overburden | waste rock | desescombro nm mucking levelled ground | rubble, excavated soil | desfiladero nm gorge, narrow pass, defile excavation | desmontes de cantera [Ch] quarry desgarramiento nm tear, disjunction | [Vz] refuse shattering, breaking up desmoronamiento nm erosion of river banks, desgarre nm rift etc. | landslide desgasificación nf degassing desmuestre nm coring, core sampling desgastar vtr to abrade, erode, wear away | to desnitrar vtr to denitrate corrode desnitrificación nf denitrification desgaste nm abrasion, erosion, wearing away | desnitrificar vtr to denitrify corrosion desnivel nm uneveness of ground | slope, deshelarse vpr to melt, thaw (ice in a river) gradient | difference in height deshiele nm thaw desnivelado,-da adj sloping deshielo nm thawing, melting | ablation despajar vtr [Méx] to concentrate ores desierto nm desert | d. de arena sand desert | d. despaje nm [Méx] mill tailings de piedra rock desert d. frío cold desert | d. despegue nm detachment, décollement salino salt desert despeñadero,-ra adj steep, precipitous | nm desigual adj uneven steep face, precipice, cliff desigualidad nf inequality desperdicio nm waste | spoil desilificación nf desilification despilado,-da adj robbed of pillars desilificar vtr desilicify despilar vtr to rob pillars desimanación or desimantación nf despilanamiento nm robbing of pillars demagnetization despinta nf [Ch] silver ore assaying less than 50 desimanar or desimantar vtr to demagnetize diezmilésimos in grade | [Arg] poorest grade desintegración nf desintegration, decay | d. ores, rich in pyrite espontánea spontaneous fission | d. radioactiva desplazado,-da adj displaced radioactive or atomic decay desplazamiento nm displacement | slip | d. deslava nm erosion | alluvium aparente apparent displacement or separation | deslavable adj erodible d. por fase miscible miscible drive deslavar vtr to erode desplazar vtr to displace desleir vtr to dissolve | to dilute | vpr to despliegue nm deployment | d. en cruz cross dissolve | to be diluted spread D-4 desplome nm collapse | d. de montaña rockfall rumbo strike joint | d. de tensión tension joint | despojo nm [Bol] debris | [Col] extraction, as d. de tracción tension joint | d. diagonal oblique from a mine joint | d. oblícula oblique joint desprender de vtr to separate from diaclasado,-da adj jointed, jointy desprendimiento nm landslide diaclasado nm jointing | d. angular angular desprovisito,-ta adj devoid jointing despueble adj abandonment (mines) | nm diaclasimiento nm jointing abandonment of a mine diafanidad nf transparency despuntador nm pick, pickaxe (miner's) diaftoresis nm diaftoresis desquebrajado,-da adj cracked, split diagénesis nf diagenesis | induration desquebrajar vtr to crack, split diagrafía nf logging | d. de amplitud amplitude destaje or destajo nm [Bol] contract work, log | d. de densidad density log tutwork | [Pe] open cut diagrama nm diagram | d. de barras bar diagram destilación nf distillation | d. al vacio vacuum | d. de fases phase diagram | d. de pozo well log distillation | d. de proximidad proximity log | d. de sectores destilado nm distillate pie diagram desvenar vtr to extract ore from a vein or mine dialaga nf diagolite desviación nf deviation, departure, deflection | diamagnético,-ca adj diamagnetic d. del pozo side tracking | d. media mean diamantado,-da adj diamond-like, diamond deviation diamante nm diamond | d. brillante brilliant desviarse vpr to deviate, deflect, depart from | diamond | d. bruto rough diamond | d. en bruto to branch off rough diamond | d. falso fake diamond | d. desvío nm wandering (of a river) | vein which negro bort | d. rebolludo round rough diamond meets another, follows it for a short distance | d. rosa rose diamond | d. tabla table diamond and then resumes its normal course | d. tallado cut diamond desviométro nm driftmeter diamantífero,-ra adj diamond-bearing, desvitrificación nf devitrification diamond-yielding, diamantiferous desvitrificar vtr to devitrify diamantino,-na adj diamond, diamond-like | nm desvolcanarse vpr [Col] to be covered by a lahar [Guanajuato, Méx] veinstone formed of or mudslide | to collapse | to be destroyed hornfels and crystalline feldspar deszafrar vtr to carry away waste from a mine diamantista nm diamond cutter | diamond desviación nf deflection merchant detector nm detector | d. de aqua divining rod | diapiro nm diapir | d. salino salt dome d. de gas gas explorer diario nm logbook | d. de sondeo drilling journal deteriorización nf deteriorization or record deterioro nm deteriorization diaspora nf diaspore detrítico,-ca adj detritic diasporo nm diaspore detrito nm detritus | d. aluvial alluvium diasquística nf dischistic, differentiated deuterico,-ca adj deuteric diasquisto nm dischistic rock, differentiated deuterio nm deuterium dike rock devoniano,-na adj Devonian diastrofismo nm diastrophism devónico,-ca adj Devonian diastroma nf diastrophism dextroso,-sa adj dextral diatomáceo,-cea adj diatamaceous deyección nf ejection of volcanic material | diatomea nf diatom ejecta | debris diatrema nf diatreme | maar | d. de explosión diabasa nf diabase diatreme diabásico,-ca adj diabasic dicroita nf dichroite diaclasa nf joint | d. de buzamiento dip joint | d. dicroísmo nm dichroism de cizalla shear joint | d. de contracción joint of dicroita nf cordierite retreat | d. de cortante shear joint | d. de diedro,-ra adj dihedral | nm dihedron dirección strike joint | d. de estratificación dientes de perro nmpl scalenohedral calcite bedding joint | d. de inclinación dip joint | d. de diestro,-ra adj dextral D-5 diezmilésimo nm [Ch] 0.0001 grams of metal in dipirámide nm bipyramid 10 grams of ore dipolo nm dipole diezmo nm a tax of one tenth the value of metal dique nm dike | d. anular ring dike or mineral produced dirección nf strike | trend | d. local local strike | diferencia nf difference | d. de latitud norte d. media average strike | d. principal principal northing | d. de latitud sur southing | d. en strike longitud meridian distance | d. en nivel fall, dirigirse vpr to strike or trend difference in level | d. media mean difference disco nm disc diferenciación nf differentiation | d. magmática discoidal adj disc-shaped magmatic differentiation disconformidad nf disconformity diferencial adj differential discontinuidad nf discontinuity difluencia nf diffluence discontínuo,-nua adj discontinuous difracción nf diffraction discordancia nf unconformity | d. angular difractar vtr to diffract angular unconformity | d. de erosión erosional difractivo,-va adj diffractive unconformity | d. de plegamiento | d. paralela difractómetro nm diffractometer disconformity difrangente adj diffractive discordante adj discordant difundido,-da adj diffuse disfrutar vtr to work, expolit or profit from a difusión nf diffusion | scattering mine, vein, etc. digestión nf assimilation disfrute nm working or exploitation of a mine, digitación nf fingering vein, etc. digitado,-da adj digitate, digitated disgregación nf disintegration | breaking up dígito nm digit disgregante adj disintegrating dilatación nf dilation disgregar vtr to disintegrate dilatado,-da adj dilated disimetría nf disymmetry dilatar vtr to dilate dislocación nf dislocation, throw or a fault | dilución nf dilution fault | d. ascendente upthrow | d. circular fault diluido,-da adj dilute pit | d. descendente downthrow | d. longitudinal diluir vtr to dilute strike-slip fault | d. periférica circular fault | d. diluvio nm flood, deluge rumbeante strike-slip fault | d. transversal cross diluvión nm diluvium fault | d. vertical vertical fault dimanar vintr to flow, run dislocado,-da adj displaced, faulted, disrupted dinámico,-ca adj dynamic | nf dynamics disclocar vtr to displace, fault dinamometamorfismo nm dynamic disminuación nf decrease metamorphism disminuir vtr to decrease dinamitación nf well shooting disolubilidad nf solubility dineral nm weight of gold of 24 quilates or 96 disoluble adj soluble granos | weight of silver of 12 dineros or 298 disolución nf solution granos disolvente nm solvent dinero nm twelth part of a dineral disolver vtr to disolve dinosaurio nm dinosaur disperarse vpr to die out (as for a vein) diodo nm diode dispersión nf dispersion | d. de la capa irregular dionisia nf bloodstone (var of jasper) | surface on a bed specularite disponerse en vpr to be found, occur diópsida nf diopside disposición nf arrangment | bedding | d. diópsido nm diopside alternante alternation of beds | d. concordante dioptasa nf dioptase conformable bedding | d. discordante diorita nf diorite | d. compacta aphanite | d. unconformity esquistosa greenstone dispositivo nm layout | d. de tiro shot pattern | diorítico,-ca adj dioritic d. simétrico split spread dióxido nm dioxide | d. de silicio silicon dioxide, distancia nf distance | d. horizontal de quartz afloramientos normal horizontal separation D-6 distena nf disthene dorado,-da adj golden | nm [Michoacan, Méx] distensión nf distension, extension chalcopyrite-bearing copper ore distribución nf distribution | d. cesurada dorsal oceánica nf mid-oceanic ridge censored distribution | d. compuesta mixture dosificación nf titration distribution | d. condicional conditional dosís nf proportion (chemicals) distribution | d. de frecuencia frequency downtoniano,-na adj Downtonian distribution | d. de la muestra sample downtoniense adj Downtonian distribution | d. ligada conditional distribution draga nf dredge, dredger, dredging machine | d. marginal marginal distribution | d. dragado nm dredging observada observed distribution | d. simétrica dragador,-dora adj dredging | nm dredger, symmetric distribution | d. truncada truncated dredge distribution dragaje nm dredging distrito nm district | d. minero mining district dragalina nf [Sp] dragline disuelto,-ta adj dissolved dragalínea nf [Méx] dragline disyunción nf fracture | jointing | d. de rocas dragar vtr to dredge jointing | d. prismática columnar jointing | d. drenaje nm drainage | d. efectivo net drainage | tabular tabular jointing d. por expansión depletion drive drainage | d. divergencia nf divergence por expansión de gas gas cap drive | d. por divergente adj divergent | nm divergent expansión de gas libre gas cap drive | d. por división nf joint gravedad gravity drainage divisoria nf divide | d. de vertientes watershed drusa nf druse | drusy cavity or vug | en d. divorcio de las aguas nm divide, ridge drusy dócil adj free-milling, easily treated dúctil adj ductile dodecaedro nm dodecahedron ductilidad nf ductility dodecaetileno nm dodecatylene duna nf dune | d. continental | d. costera coastal dodecano nm dodecane dune | d. de playa coastal dune | d. descendente dolina nf doline falling dune | d. falciforme barchan dune | d. dolomía nf dolostone longitudinal longitudinal dune | d. parabólica dolomítico,-ca adj dolomitic parabolic dune | d. seif seif dune | d. d. dolomitizar vtr to dolomitize transversal transverse dune trepadora climbing domeriano,-na adj Domerian dune Domeriense nm Domerian dureza nf hardness | d. del agua water hardness dominio nm domain | d. minero mining area duro,-ra adj hard domo nm dome | d. de sal salt dome | d. salino duro nm [Asientos, Méx] hard copper ores with salt dome or plug | d. volcánico volcanic dome quartz gangue

E-1

E elipsoide nm ellipsoid | e. biaxial biaxial ellipsoid | e. de referencia reference ellipsoid | e. óptico optical ellipsoid | e. uniaxial uniaxial eclímometro nm clinometer ellipsoid econométro nm econometer elíptico,-ca adj elliptical, elliptic ecosonda nf echo sounder eluvación nf eluviation ecuación nf equation eluvión nf eluvium, talus ecuador nm equator | e. magnético aclinic line | embacarse la veta vpr to lose a vein e. terrestre earth's equator embalse nm pondage ecuatorial adj ecuatorial emanación nf exhalation, emanation echado,-da adj inclined | nm [Méx] dip, embije or embijete nm [Méx] thin coating of inclination mineral on a joint edad nf age | e. de hielo ice age | e. glacial ice age embocadura nf entrance edafología nf pedology embudiforme adj funnel-shaped efecto nm effect | e. de perforación borehole effect embudo nm funnel | doline | e. de ablación eficacia nf efficiency | e. de barrido sweep ablation funnel | e. de explosión maar efficiency emerger vintr to project, jut out | to emerge eflorescencia nf efflorescence | [Pe] outcrop emisión nf emission efluente nm effluent, outflow emorrascamiento nm [Méx] depletion of ore efusión nf eruption, extrusion emborrascarse vpr [Méx] to lose sight of ore efusivo,-va adj extrusive embozado nm [Méx] blind rich ore egirina nf aegirite, aegirine embudo nm sink hole egirita nf aegirite emisor nm transmitter, emitter | e. de eifeliano,-na adj Eifelian ultrasonidos pinger eifeliense adj Eifelian emjambre de diques adj dike swarm einstenio nm einsteinium empalmar vtr to join, as for veins, etc. eje nm axis | e. anticlinal anticlinal axis | e. empanizado,-da adj [Cochas, Pe] altered, cinemático de simetría kinematic symmetry | e. decomposed cristalográfico crystallographic axis | e. de empinado,-da adj steep plegamiento fold axis | e. de simetría axis of emplazamiento nm emplacement symmetry | e. de simetría del pliegue fold emplazar vtr to emplace symmetry axis | e. de simetría estructural fabric empobrecido,-da adj impoverished, depleted symmetry axis | e. de simetría para plegamiento empobrecimiento nm depletion of ore | fold symmetry axis | e. principal de deformación impoverishment principal strain axis | e. sísmico seismic axis | e. empresa nf company, firm, enterprise tecto-textural de simetría fabric symmetry axis empuje nm pressure | drive | e. hidrostático elasticidad nf elasticity water drive | e. horizontal horizontal pressure | elástico,-ca adj elastic e. tangencial tangential pressure | e. vertical elaterométro nm elaterometer vertical pressure electro nm amber | electrum emscheriano,-na adj Emscherian electrodo nm electrode emscheriense nm Emscherian electrólito nm electrolyte emsiano,-na adj Emsian electrolización nf electrolysis emsiense nm Emsian electromagnético,-ca adj electromagnetic enantimorfo,-fa adj enantimorphous electroquímico,-ca adj electrochemical enarenamiento nf sanding elemento nm element | e. mineral | e. trazo trace enarenar vtr to mix ore with sand | to cover element with sand eleolita nf nepheline encajetado nm [Hualgáyoc, Pe] oxidized silver elevación nf elevation, height | rise in the ore ground, hill encañada nf [Bol] canyon elipsoidal adj ellipsoidal encapado,-da adj cloaked, coated, encased | blind, concealed E-2 encape nm [Bol] overburden entreverado,-da adj stockwork encenagamiento nm [Arg] mud deposit entropia nf entropy encentrar vtr to open up a vein along strike or in eocambriano,-na adj Eocambrian the direction of dip eocámbrico,-ca adj Eocambrian enclave nm inclusion eoceno,-na adj Eocene | nm Eocene encontrar vtr to meet, as for veins, etc. eocénico,-ca adj Eocene encorvado,-da adj crooked eólico,-ca adj aeolian encorvamiento nm warping eón nm aeon encrespadura nf ripplemark eopaleozoico nm Eopaleozoic encuentro nm meeting of two veins eozoico,-ca adj Proterozoic endicamiento nm impounding epicentro nm epicenter enlace nm bond, tie | e. atómico atomic bond epidoto nm epidote | e. calizo zoisite | e. endentado,-da adj serrate manganésico piedmontite endliquita nf endlichite epigenético,-ca adj epigenetic endógeno,-na adj endogenous epipelágico,-ca adj epipelagic energía nf energy | e. nuclear nuclear energy epiroca nf epirock enganchado,-da adj [Pe] contracted to pay off a epirogénesis nf epeirogenesis, epeirogeny debt epirogenético,-ca adj epeirogenetic enganchador nm [Pe] mine worker serving epirogenia nf epeirogenesis, epeirogeny under debt peonage epirogénico,-ca adj epeirogenic enganchadora nf [Pe] mine labor contractor epizona nf epizone | de la e. epizonal enganche nm [Pe] debt servitude, generally to época nf epoch | é fría ice age | é geológica era | é pay off debts owed to the company store metalogénica metallogenic epoch enigmatita nf aenigmite equilibrio nm equilibrium | material balance enlazimiento nm connection, link equipo nm shift | rig | gear | e. perforador enriquecerse vpr to come upon higher grade drilling rig ores equivalente adj equivalent enriquecimiento nm enrichment of veins | e. era nf era | salt water pond formed by secundario secondary enrichment evaporation | e. geológica era enrollado,-da adj convoluted ergio nm erg ensanchado,-da adj widening, flaring erguimiento nm uplift ensanche nm widening | e. de un filón swelling eritrina nf erythrite or bunching of a lode erodado,-da adj eroded ensanchamiento nm widening erosión nf erosion | e. fluvial fluvial erosion | e. ensayar vtr to assay glacial glacial erosion | e. mecánico mechanical ensaye nm assay erosion | e. profunda deep erosion | e. regresiva ensayo nm assay | test | e. de capas drill stem retrogressive erosion | e. químico chemical test erosion | e. vertical downcutting ensenada nf bay erosionado,-da adj eroded ensiforme adj bladed errático,-ca adj erratic entalpía nf enthalpy error nm error | e. cuadrático medio mean square enterrado,-da adj buried error | e. de medida measurement error | e. de entierro nm burial muestro sampling error | e. de observación entrada nf entrance to a mine | recess observational error | e. medio mean error entrar vintr to empty | e. tajo or tonga [Col] to erubescita nf bornite drain a mine or placer working erupción adj eruption | blow-out (of a well) | e. entrecrecer vtr to intergrow de flanco flank eruption entrecrecido,-da adj intergrown eruptivo,-va adj eruptive, volcanic entrecrecimiento nm intergrowth esarcha nf [Pe] native sulphur entrelaminado,-da adj interbedded escala nf scale | e. de dureza hardness scale entremontaña nf intermountain, median mass, (Moh's) | e. Rankine Rankine scale intermontane area, intermediate massif escalenoédrico,-ca adj scalenohedral E-3 escalenoedro nm scalenohedron esferolítico,-ca adj spherulitic escalón nm step | stope | e. de circo cirque | e. de esferolito nm spherulite confluencia confluence step | e. de banco esferosiderita nf spherosiderite underhand stope | e. de cielo overhand stope | esfuerzo nm stress e. de denudación erosion scarp | e. de falla fault eslamosa nf nagyagite scarp | e. de fractura fault scarp | e. marginal esmaltina nf smaltite marginal step esmaltita nf smaltite escalonamiento nm stepping esmanil nm sphalerite escama nf slice, flake | scale esmeralda nf emerald | e. oriental corundum escamiforme adj scale-like esmeril nm emory | [Méx] arsenopyrite escamosiones nfpl incrustations, scale esmitsonita nf smithsonite escamoso,-sa adj scaley, platy espacio nm spacing escapolita nf scapolite espalto nm spalt, fluorspar flux escarapela nf rosette esparnaciano,-na adj Sparnacian escarcha nf [Pe] native silver esparnaciense nm Sparnacian escarpa nf escarpment, scarp | e. de fractura fault espático,-ca adj spathic scarp | e. de piamonte scarplet espato nm spar | e. adamantino corundum | e. escarpado,-da adj steep amargo magnesite | e. azul blue fluorspar | escarpar vtr to scarp, slope lazulite | e. bruno brown dolomite, magnesite | escarpe nm scarp, escarpment | e. de falla fault e. calcáreo calcite | e. cálcico calcite | e. calizo scarp calcite | e. de cal calcite | e. de cinc smithsonite | escarpita nf scarplet e. (de) flúor fluorspar, fluorite | e. de hierro escaso,-sa adj rare, infrequent siderite | e. de Islandia Iceland spar | e. de itrio escintilómetro nm scintillometer | e. aéreo xenotime | e. de manganeso rhodochrosite, airborne scintillometer rhodonite or dialogite | e. en tablas wollastonite escoger a mano vtr to hand sort (ores) | e. ferrífero siderite | e. fétido bituminous escollera nf cliff fluorite | e. fluor fluorspar, blue fluorspar | e. escollo nm shoal, reef lustroso satin spar (calcite or gypsum) | e. escombrera nf debris | waste heap manganoso dialogite | e. pardo brown dolomite, escombro nm waste rock | detritus, talus | magnesite | e. pesado barite | e. romboidal overburden on placers | e. glacial drift dolomite | e. satinado fibrous gypsum escopetar vtr to work a gold mine especie nm species | e. tipo type species escoria nf scoria | slag | dross espécimen nm specimen escorial nm slag heap | deposit of volcanic ash | especular adj specular lava bed espejado nm [Pe] galena escota nf miner's pick espejo nm [Col] slickenside | e. de falla escudo nm shield| e. continental continental slickenside | e. de fricción slickenside shield espejuelo nm mica | transparent talc | [Ch] escurrente adj exhalant, effluent fine-grained, transparent selenite or gypsum | escurrimiento nm draining, runoff | e. superficial [Ch] calcite | [Real de Monte, Méx] galena and surface runoff sphalerite crystals generally poor in silver | escurrirse vpr to run off [Pe] lead carbonate | [Hualgáyoc, Pe] barite esfalerita nf sphalerite espeleología nf speleology esfena nf sphene esperanza nf expectation | e. matemática esfeno nm sphene mathematical expectation esfenolita nf sphenolith esperkisa nf spear pyrite (var of marcasite) esfera nf sphere espesartina nf spessartite esferal adj spherical espesartita nf spessartite esférico,-ca adj spherical espeso,-sa adj thick, dense esferoidal adj spheroidal espesor nm thickness of a bed, vein, etc. esferoide nm spheroid | e. intraformacional espesura nf density, thickness convolutional ball | e. lacustre lake ball espiga nf bay bar E-4 espilita nf spilite estampiano,-na adj Stampian espinela nf spinel | e. cincífera gahnite, estampiense adj Stampian franklinite | e. cromífera picotite estanekita nf stannekite espinélido nm spinellide estanina nf stannite espodito nm whitish volcanic ash estannita nf stannite espodumena nf spodumene estanoso,-sa adj stannous esponja nf stockwork of veins | [Méx] spongy estanque nm pool | e. de petróleo oil pool | e. para bullion colas tailings pond espuma nf meerschaum | gossan | magnesia | estañífero,-ra adj stanniferous, tin-bearing e. de mar sepiolite | e. de nitro surface crust of estañina nf stannite nitrate on salt flats estaño nm tin | tin ore | tin concentrate | e. esqueletal adj skeletal acarreo placer tin | e. de aluvión placer tin | e. de esquema nf sketch | classification | e. Lahee arroyo placer tin | e. de cornuallis cassiterite | e. Lahee classification of exploratory wells de escoria tin slag | e. de madera wood tin | e. de esquisto nm shale, schist, slate | e. anfibolítico placeres placer tin | e. en grano placer tin | e. amphibole schist | e. arcilloso underclay | e. leñoso wood tin | e. piritoso stannite | e. vidrioso bituminoso oil shale | e. carbonoso coal shale | e. cassiterite | e. xiloide wood tin clorítico chlorite schist, greenschist | e. estañoso,-sa adj stannous combustible oil shale| e. córneo hornslate | e. de estaurolita nf staurolite anfibolita amphibolite schist | e. de barro esteatita nf steatite, soapstone mudstone | e. divisorio dividing slate | e. estefaniano,-na adj Stephanian micáceo micaceous schist | e. noduloso spotted estefaniense nm Stephanian slate or schist | e. paralelo bedding schistosity | estefanita nf stephanite e. petrolífero oil shale | e. talcoso talc schist estelión nf olivine dolerite, toadstone esquistoideo nm schistoid estelón nm olivine dolerite, toadstone esquistosidad nf schistosity | cleavage, induced estereograma nf stereogram cleavage, rock cleavage | e. astillosa pencil estepa nf steppe cleavage | e. de crenulación crenulation cleavage esteríl adj barren, sterile, devoid of | e. en abanico cleavage fan | e. en pizzarín pencil mineralization | dry (wells) | nm waste, cleavage | e. espaciada spaced cleavage | e. waste rock trasversal slaty cleavage esteríl nm gangue | unmineralized or barren esquistoso,-sa adj schistose rock essonita nf hessonite estero nm estuary, inlet | [Arg, Méx] swamp | estabilidad nf stability | e. química chemical [Bol, Ch] creek | [Vz] pond stability estiaje nm low water mark estabilización nf stabilization estibina nf stibnite estable adj stable estibnita nf stibnite estación nf season | station | e. gravimétrica estilbita nf stilbite gravity station estilo nm style | e. tectónico tectonic style estacional adj seasonal estilotito nm stylolite estadal nm land measure of 4 varas | [Méx] estimación nf estimation| e. por el método de level rod | e. cuadrado 16 square varas Bayes Bayesian estimation | e. por el método de estadia nf stadia los mínimos cuadrados lest-squares estimation | estadio nm furlong e. por el método de momentos moment estimation estadística nf statistics | e. de orden order | e. por intervalo interval estimation | e. por la statistics máxima versimilitud maximum-likelihood estadístico,-ca adj statistical | nm statistic estimation | e. por regresión estimation by estado nm state | stage regression | e. puntual point estimation estaffordiano,-na adj Staffordian estimador nm estimator | e. convergente estaffordiense adj Staffordian consistent estimator | e. exhaustivo complete estalactita nf stalactite estimator | e. sesgado biased estimator | e. sin estalagmita nf stalagmite sesgo unbiased estimator E-5 estimarse vpr to be taken to be, appear to be, structure | e. amigdaloide amygdaloidal suggest to be structure | e. bandeada banded structure | e. estiramiento nm stretching cataclástica cataclastic structure | e. estoraque nm [Guerrero, Méx] sphalerite concreccionada concretionary structure | e. de estrangulación nf narrowing of a vein, etc. despegue décollement structure | e. de muñon estrangulamiento nm narrowing of a vein, etc. mullion structure | e. en lajas flaggy structure| estratificación nf stratification, bedding | e. fluidal fluid structure | e. microscópica bedding cleavage | e. cruzada cross-bedding | e. microtexture | e. moniliforme boudinage | e. diagonal cross-bedding | e. entrecruzada cross- ojival ogive | e. sedimentaria sedimentary bedding | e. gradada graded bedding | e. structure graduada graded bedding | e. gradual graded estructural adj structural bedding | e. inclinada inclined bedding | e. estruniano,-na adj Strunian inclinada inversa backset bedding | e. estruniense nm Strunian intraplegada convolute bedding, slip bedding | estuarino,-na adj estuarine e. lenticular lenticular bedding | e. masiva estuario nm estuary, inlet massive bedding | e. nodular nodular bedding estudio nm study | e. catastral cadastral survey | e. ondulada wavy bedding | e. ondulítica ripple etapa nf stage bedding | e. rizada crinkle bedding, ripple etiqueta nf tag (for samples) bedding | e. seleccionada sorted bedding eugeosinclinal nm eugeosyncline estratificado,-da adj stratified euhedral adj euhedral estratificar vtr to deposit, stratify euhédrico,-ca adj euhedral estratiforme nm stratiform eupelágico,-ca adj eupelagic estratigrafía nf stratigraphy europio nm europium estratígrafo,-fa nm/f stratigrapher eustasia nf eustasy estratigráfico,-ca adj stratigraphic eustatismo nm eustasy estrato nm stratum, bed, layer | e. anual varve | eutéctico,-ca adj eutectic e. concordante concordant bed | e. conforme euxénico,-ca adj euxenic conformal bed | e. de cobertura cap rock | e. evaporación nf evaporation cruzante crossbed | e. disconcordante discordant evaporita nf evaporite bed | e. guijoso gravel layer | e. índice key bed evento nm event estrechamiento nm thinning or pinching of a evolución nf evolution vein, etc. exactitud nf accuracy estrecharse vpr to thin or become narrow exagonal adj hexagonal estrechez nf narrowness | gap, pass exaración nf exaration estrecho nm straight excavación nf excavation | e. a cielo abierto open estrechón nm narrowness pit | e. de ensayo test pit | | e. en escalones stope estrechura nf narrowness | narrows, gap, pass | e. en zanja trench estrellarse la veta vpr [Pe] to thin out, peter out excavador adj burrowing (vein), especially by passing into disseminated exento nm free of | e. de ácidos acid free ore exfoliación nf exfoliation | cleavage estría nf striation, stria | groove | e. glaciar exfoliar vtr to exfoliate glacial stria exhalación nf exhalation estriación nf striation exhalante adj exhalant estriado,-da adj striate exhondación nf overdeepening estriadura nf striation exhumación nf exhumation estriar vtr to sort ore exitela nf valentinite estribación nf spur | nfpl foothills exógeno,-na adj exogenous estringa nf [Méx] stringer exotérmico,-ca adj exothermic estroncianita nf strontianite exploración nf exploration estroncio nm stroncium explorar vtr to explore estructura nf structure | texture | e. exploratorio,-ria adj exploratory almohadillada ball-and-pillow structure, mullion E-6 explosión nf explosion, blast | e. de abanico fan extinto,-ta adj extinct shooting extracción nf extraction, mining, production, explotación nf mining, exploitation | e. en recovery | sampling | e. con reposición descubierto open-pit mining, stripping, strip sampling with replacement | e. por gas gas lift | mining | e. por método minero oil mining e. sin reposición sampling without replacement | explotar vtr to mine, exploit, work e. vigorizada enhanced recovery extensión nf extension | area, areal extent | extracto nm extract range, extent | e. en acres acreage | e. extraíble adj minable estratigráfica stratigraphic range extrusivo,-va adj extrusive exterior nm exterior, outside | aboveground, exudación nf exudation surface at a mine eyección nf ejecta, accidental | e. juvenil juvenil extinguido,-da adj extinct ejecta extinguir vintr to become extinct ezteri nm bloodstone, a variety of jasper

F-1

F normal fault | f. distributativa step fault | f. en escalera step fault | f. escalonada step fault | f. escarpada [Méx] fualt scarp | f. falsa pseudo- fábrica nf fabric (petrographic) | f. siderúrgica fault, horse | f. girada pivotal fault | f. iron works gravitacional normal fault | f. horizontal strike- faceta nf facet (of a gem) slip fault | f. inversa reverse fault | f. inversa de facies nfpl facies | f. abisal abyssal facies | f. bajo angulo thrust fault, overthrust | f. lateral continental continental facies | f. costera coastal lateral fault | f. marginal boundary fault | f. facies | f. de agua dulce freshwater facies | f. normal normal fault | f. por empuje thrust fault | eólica aeolian facies | f. fluvial fluvial facies | f. f. por empuje inferior underthrust fault | f. glacial glacial facies | f. lacustre lacustrine facies ramificada branching fault | f. rumbodeslizante | f. litoral coastal facies | f. marina marine facies strike-slip fault | f. según buzamiento dip-slip | f. metamorficas metamorphic facies | f. nerítica fault | f. simple normal fualt | f. sinsedimentaria neritic facies | f. sedimentarias sedimentary synsedimentary fault | f. transformante facies | de f. facieologic, facieological transform fault | f. transcurrente strike slip fault facoidal adj lenticular | f. transversal dip fault facolito nm phacolith, phacolite fallado,-da adj faulted factor nm factor | f. común common factor | f. de fallamiento nm faulting contracción shrinkage factor | f. de escurrimiento fallar vtr to fault [Col] runoff coefficient | f. de formación fallo nm [Bol] fault deformation formattion resistivity factor | f. de grupo group fameniano,-na adj Famennian factor | f. específico specific factor | f. fameniense adj Famennian volumétrico formation volume factor fanega nf [Méx] unit of land measure (about 8.8 faena nf work, labor, task | workings | [Bol, Pe] acres) unpaid work (a type of corvée) | [Ch] work fanegada nf unit of area equivalent to 576 gang, shift | f. mineral mine workings estadales (about 6600 square meters) | unit of fahlbanda nf fahlband capacity of 225 to 555 liters faja nf belt or zone of rock, mineralization, etc | fanerítico,-ca adj phaneritic band of mineral in a vein | f. petrolífera fanerocristalino,-na adj phaneritic petroleum zone fanerómero,-ra adj phaneritic fajado nm prop (of mine timber) fangal nm marsh, bog fajeado,-da adj banded fanglomerado nm fanglomerate falda nf slope, hillside | wing or leg of a saddle fango nm mud, slime, ooze | sludge | [Isla falsificar el mineral vtr to salt (a mine) Carmén, Méx] layer of black, earthy salt | f. de falso,-sa adj false | f. matriz pseudo-matrix | f. glaciar glacial mud or silt | f. mineral slimes peña false bedrock | f. salto false throw of a vein fangoso,-sa adj muddy, silty or fault farallón nm [Bol] wallrock | [Pe] outcrop of a falla nf fault | f. activa active fault | f. acostada vein thrust fault | f. antitética antithetic fault | f. casi farmacolita nf pharmacolite vertical de dezplazamiento horizontal wrench fault farmacosiderita nf pharmacosiderite | f. conforme conformable fault (to bedding) | f. fase nm phase corriente strike fault | f. de altoempuje upthrust fáunico,-ca adj faunal fault | f. de ascenso normal fault | f. de faunístico,-ca adj faunal buzamiento dip fault | f. de cabalgamiento overlap faz nf front, face | f. de laboreo working face fault | f. de descenso reverse fault | f. de desgarre feldespático,-ca adj feldspathic strike-slip fault | f. de despegue detachment fault feldespato nm feldspar | f. calizo anorthite | f. de | f. de desplazamiento horizontal strike-slip fault | cal anorthite | f. nacarado or opalado adularia | f. f. de desplazamiento oblícuo oblique-slip fault | f. potásico potash feldspar | f. sódico albite | f. de dirección strike fault | f. diagonal inclined verde claro amazon stone | f. vítreo sanidine fault | f. escalonada step fault | f. de feldespatoide nm feldspathoid estratificación bedding-plane fault | f. de felsico,-ca adj felsic gravedad gravity fault, normal fault | f. directa felsítico,-ca adj felsic, felsitic F-2 fémico,-ca adj mafic, femic contact vein | f. de cuña gash vein | f. de diaclasa fenacita nf phenakite joint vein | f. de roca dike | f. en escalera or fenaquita nf phenakite escalonado stair-step vein | f. en reticulado fenestra nf inlier, window stockwork | f. en rosario en echelon vein | f. fenocristal nm phenocryst estratificado banded vein | f. hidrotermal fenómeno nm phenomena | f. del carst karst hydrothermal vein | f. inclinado rake vein | f. phenomena | f. tectónico tectonics intrusivo igneous dike | f. metalífero or mineral ferralítico,-ca adj ferralitic mineralized vein | f. principal master vein, ferrato nm ferrate mother lode | f. rocoso dike | f. sedimentario férreo,-rea adj ferrous, iron-bearing sedimentary vein or dike | f. simple ordinary ferrería nf iron works vein of simple structure | f. sin afloramiento ferrete nm copper sulphate blind vein | f. sin crestón blind vein | f. férrico,-ca adj ferric transversal cross vein ferrífero,-ra adj iron-bearing filoniano,-na adj vein or dike-like ferrito nm ferrite (salt) filonita nf phyllite-mylonite ferromagnesiano,-na adj ferromagnesian filonitización nf veining ferromagnésico,-ca adj ferromagnesian filtración nf seep | f. de petróleo oil seep | f. en ferromagnético,-ca adj ferromagnetic frío cold pressing ferromagnetismo nm ferromagnetism filtrado,-da adj filtered | nm filtering ferromanganeso nm ferromanganese filtrador nm filter ferrometeorito nm iron meteorite filtrante adj filtering | porous ferroníquel nm ferronickel filtrar vtr/intr to filter | vpr to filter | to filtrate ferroso,-sa adj ferrous filtro nm filter | f. de entrada input filter ferrugíneo,-nea adj ferruginous, iron-bearing fineza nf fineness ferruginoso,-sa adj ferruginous, iron-bearing finiquito nm quitclaim fibra nf fiber | vein | [Parral, Méx] stockwork fino,-na adj fine | pure vein fino nm [Asturias, Sp] screened coal up to 6 mm fibrazón nm the whole of the veins in a deposit in size | nmpl fines or mine finura nf fineness fibroso,-sa adj fibrous fiordo nm fjord, fiord ficha nf index card, filing card | record firme adj surface | fisible | fissile fichar vtr to put on an index card | to file, index firn nm firn fichero nm card index | records físico,-ca adj physical | nm/nf physicist fidelidad nf accuracy fisicoquímico,-ca adj physiochemical | nf fierro nm iron physical chemistry fijo,-ja adj attached | no f. unattached físil adj fissile fila nf row fisilidad nf fissility filada nf a variety of slate fisión nf fission filamento nm filament fisionable adj fissionable filamentoso,-sa adj filamentous fisografía nf physiography filiforme adj thread-like fisura nf fissure filita nf phyllite fisuración nf spalling filo nm ridge fisurarse vpr to crack filogenía nf phylogeny fitógeno,-na adj phytogenic filón nm vein, lode (generally large) | flabeliforme adj fan-shaped mineralized seam or bed | gold mine | dike | flanco nm flank | limb (of a fold) | hillside gangue | [Méx] small stringer or intersecting flaqueza nf [Pe] shaley structure vein | f. atravesado cross vein | f. brechoide flecha nf deflection breccia vein | f. capa bedded vein | f. ciego flexibilidad nf flexibility blind lode | f. clástico clastic dike | f. compuesto flexura nf flexure | flexure folding compound vein | f. cuneiforme gash vein | f. de filita nf phyllite carbón coal seam or measure | f. de contacto físico,-ca adj physical F-3 flogopita nf phlogopite fórmula nf formula flojo,-ja adj loose fosa nf trench | pit | graben | f. marginal trough flor nf bloom | f. de antimonio valentinite | f. de | f. oceánica oceanic trench | f. posterior back cinc hydrozincite | f. de cobalto erythrite | f. de deep | f. tectónica graben cobre chalcotrichuite | flor de hierro flos ferri | f. fosfático,-ca adj phosphatic de níquel annabergite fosfato nm phosphate flotabilidad nf buoyancy fosfeno nm phosphate flotación nf flotation | f. diferencial differential fosfito nm phosphite floatation | f. selectiva selective floatation fosforado,-da adj phosphorous flourescencia nf flourescence fosforecer or fosforescer vtr to phosphoresce fluctuación nf fluctuation | jitter fosforescencia nf phosphorescence fluctuar vintr to fluctuate | to oscillate fosforescente adj phosphorescent fluente adj fluid | flowing fosfórico,-ca adj phosphoric fluidez nf fluidity fosforita nf phosphorite fluído,-da adj fluid | nm fluid fósforo nm phosphorous fluir vintr to flow, run fosforoso,-sa adj phosphorous flujo nm flow, stream | rising tide | flux | f. de fosgenita nf phosgenite caja cash flow | f. de escombrera debris flow | f. fósil nm fossil | any mineral or rock | f. guía de fango mud flow | f. de lava lava flow | f. index fossil | f. índice index fossil | f. viviente laminar laminar or platy flow | f. magnético living fossil magnetic flux | f. natural primary drive fosilífero,-ra adj fossiliferous mechanism | f. turbulento turbulent flow fosilización nf fossilization flúor nm fluorine | f. espato fluorspar | f. fétido fosilizarse vpr to fossilize, become fossilized bituminous feldspar foso nm ditch, trench | hole, pit | f. de lodo mud fluorescencia nf fluorescence pit fluorescente adj fluorescent fótico,-ca adj photic fluorhidrato nm hydrofluoric acid fotoclinométro nm photoclinometer fluorhidrico,-ca adj hydrofluoric fotogeología nf photogeology fluorina nf fluorite fotografía nf photography | f. aérea aerial fluoruro nm fluoride photography fluviomarino,-na adj fluviomarine fracción nf fraction foco nm focus | f. sísmico hypocenter | f. fraccionación nf fractionation volcánico volcanic center fraccionamiento nm fractionation | cracking foliación nf foliation fraccionar vtr to crack | to fractionate foliado,-da adj foliated, foliate | no f. unfoliated fraccionario,-ria adj fractional (math) foliatura nf foliation fractila nf fractile fondo nm background | bottom of a mine | f. de fractura nf fracture | f. escalonada step fault | f. circo | f. de laboreo working face | f. del mar sea pizarrosa slaty cleavage | f. marginal boundary floor | f. del río riverbed fault | f. sencilla or junta joint | f. rellena filled fonolita nf phonolite | f. leucítica leucite fracture phonolite | f. nefelínica nepheline phonolite fracturar vtr/pr to fracture, break foraminífero nm foramnifer, foram fracturación nf fracturation forastera nf [Bol] newly discovered vein or mine fracturamiento nm fracturing | f. intenso intense forma nf form, mode | f. de presentación mode of fracturing occurrence | f. enredada stockwork fragmentación nf fragmentation formación nf formation | [Col] clay and other fragmentar vtr to fragment material filling open spaces in a lode | f. fragamento nm fragment productora pay zone | f. que le circundan host frágil adj brittle rock fragilidad nf brittleness formal adj regular | [Méx] undisturbed frailesca nf [Almadén, Sp] lenticular breccia formase vpr to be formed masses found in schist fórmico,-ca adj formic francio nm francium F-4 franja nf fringe | belt | f. capilar capillary fringe contact spring | f. de fisura fissure spring | f. de | f. de sedimentos mud belt gas gas seep | f. de hondonada depression spring franjilla nf [Hualgáyoc, Pe] argentiferous galena | f. de valle valley spring | f. descendente gravity with stibnite spring | f. episódica intermittent spring | f. frasco nm flask (unit of measure for mercury) intermitente intermitent spring | f. mineral frasniano,-na adj Frasnian mineral spring | f. muy caliente hot spring Frasniense nm Frasnian (>50°C) | f. perenne | f. periódica intermittent freático,-ca adj phreatic, subsurface spring | f. salina salt spring | f. sulfurosa sulfur frecuencia nf frequency | f. acumulada spring | f. termal thermal spring (20-50°C) cumulative frequency fuerza nf force | power | f. de una prueba power freita nf [Santander, Sp] active landslide of a (statistical) test frente nm front | face, heading | f. de colina fugacidad nf fugacity brow of a hill| f. de pliegue facing fumarola nf fumerole frentero nm miner employed at the working face función nf function | f. aculmulata cumulative of a mine function | f. característica characteristic function friabilidad adj friability | f. de decisión decision function | f. de densidad fricción nf friction density function | f. de versimilitud likelihood frigoría nf kilocalorie function | f. generatriz generating function | f. frijolillo nm [Guanajuato, Méx] conglomerate periódica periodic function frísol nm [Col] kidney-bean shapped cobble fundente adj melting | nm flux found in washing auriferous gravels fundible adj fusible, easily melted fritamiento nm chilling effect fundición nf smelting | casting | fusion | frontón nm cliff (coastal) | pediment | working melting | foundry, smelting works face (mines) fundido,-da adj melted, fused fruta de mono nf gold pan made from the shell fundidor nm smelter of a fruta de mono fundir vtr to melt, smelt of cast metal | to fuse | fruto nm ore | yield or product | en frutos in ore, vpr to melt carrying ore fundirse vpr to fuse, melt fucsita nf fuchsite fuque nm [Méx] deepest point of an excavation fuchsita nf fuchsite furo nm channel fucoide nm fucoid fusalina nf smelting works fuente nm spring or source | f. alcalina alkaline fusibilidad nf fusibility spring | f. artesiana artesian spring | f. fusión nf fusion, melting | f. residual residual ascendente artesian spring | f. burga boiling melt spring | f. caliente hot spring (<20°C) | f. carga fusionar vtr [Arg] to fuse, melt boiling spring | f. cárstica karst spring | f. de fuslina nf [Arg, Sp] smelter afloramiento gravity spring | f. de contacto fusulina nf fusulinid

G-1

G g. natural natural gas | g. no asociado nonassociated gas | g. pobre lean gas, producer gas | g. seco dry gas gabarro nm xenolith | nodular fragment of rock gasificación nf gasification or ore gasificar vtr to gasify gábrico,-ca adj gabbroic gasoducto nm gas pipeline gabro nm gabbro gasóleo nm diesel oil, gas oil gadolino nm gadolinium gasolina nf gasoline galactita nf fuller's earth gastable adj erodible galápago nm pig of copper, lead or tin gastar vtr to wear away, erode galemador nm furnace for roasting silver ores gasterópodo nm gastropod galemar vtr to roast silver ores gasto nm volume of flow, discharge | g. de galeme nm [Méx] a reverberatory furnace of 1 to derrame runoff rate | g. sólido bed load 3 arrobas capacity gastos nmpl charges, expenses, costs | g. de galenita nf galena desarollo development costs | g. de fundición galera nf an irregularly shaped ore deposit | smelting charges furnace for distilling sulphur gausio nm gauss galería nf gallery | g. cárstica karst cave gaveta nf [PR] gold pan galerón nm an irregular deposit of large size gaylussita nf gaylussite galga nf boulder gedinniano,-na adj Gedinnian galimador nm [Cerro Gordo, CA] reverberatory gedinniense nm Gedinnian furnace géiser nm geyser galmeíta nf carbonates and silicates of zinc geiserita nf geyserite galleta nf [Asturias, Sp] screened coal (20-50 mm) gelatinoso,-sa adj colloid, gelatinous gallinazo nm [Titiribí, Col] sphalerite gelificarse vpr to gel gallo nm [Méx] rich ore with needles or grains of gelifracción nf congelifraction gold and silver | a lump of native metal, gelisol nm frozen ground nugget gelivación nf congelifraction gambusino nm prospector | [Méx] itinerant geloide nm firn ice miner who high-grades a deposit and then gema nf gem, precious stone moves on to another geminación nf twinning gamella nf gold pan gemmología nf gemmology gammagrafía nf gamma ray log gemmoscopio nm binocular microscope gándara nf low wasteland género nm genus (pl genera) ganchudo,-da adj hackly genético,-ca adj genetic gandinga nf fine ore | nfpl concentrates genotipo nm genotype gang nm dike | vein geoanticlinal nm geoanticline, geanticline ganga nf gangue | g. cuarzosa vein quartz geociencia nf geoscience, earth science ganita nf gahnite geocrático,-ca adj epeirocratic garbancillo nm [Sp] fine gravel geocronita nf geochronite garbillar vtr to screen (minerals) geocronología nf geochronology garbillo nm screen geocronológico,-ca adj geochronological garganta nf gorge geoda nf geode garimpeiro nm placer miner geodepresión nf geodepression gas nm natural gas | gasoline | g. acido sour gas geodesía nf geodesy | g. asociado associated gas | g. condensado gas geodésico,-ca adj geodesic, geodetic | nf condensate | g. crudo raw gas | g. de petróleo geodesy, geodetics liquado liquified petroleum gas | g. de pozo de geodesta nm geodesist petróleo bradenhead gas | g. disuelto solution geodético,-ca adj geodetic gas | g. grisú methane | g. humedo condensate geodinámico,-ca adj geodynamic | nf rich gas, wet gas | g. juvenil juvenile gas | g. geodynamics libre unassociated gas | g. licuado condensate | G-2 geofísico,-ca adj geophysical | nf geophysics | active or flowing glacier | g. groenlandés nm/f geophysicist | g. aplicado applied continental glacier | g. rocoso rock glaciar geophysiscist glaciario,-ria adj glacial geófono nm geophone glaciarismo nm glaciology geognosia nf geology glacioeólico,-ca adj glacio-eolitic geohidrología nf geohydrology glaciología nf glaciology geoide nm geoid glaucodot nm glaucophane geoisoterma nf geoisotherm glaucofana nf glaucophane geología nf geology | g. aplicada applied geology glauconia nf glauconite | g. aplicada a la ingenería engineering geology | glauconítico,-ca adj glauconitic g. de minas mine geology | g. del petróleo glauconitización nf glauconitization petroleum geology | g. dinámica dynamic gleba nf [Alicante, Sp] thin layer of precipitated geology | g. económica economic geology | g. salt | g. tectónica fault block estructural structural geology | g. física physical gliptogénesis nf glyptogenesis geology | g. general general geology | g. globo nm globe, sphere histórica historical geology | g. marina marine globulito nm microlite geology glóbulo nm globule geológico,-ca adj geological globuloso,-sa adj globular geólogo,-ga nm/f geologist gmelita nf gmelinite geomagnético,-ca adj geomagnetic | nf gneis nm gneiss geomagnetics gnéisico,-ca adj gneissic geomagnetismo nm geomagnetism gneisoide adj gneissoid geomorfología nf geomorphology geotita nf goethite geoquímico,-ca adj geochemical | nm or f golfo nm gulf geochemist | nf geochemistry goma nf glue | g. arábiga gum arabic | g. de georgiano,-na adj Georgian tragacanto gum tragacanth Georgiense nm Georgian goniógrafo nm [Sp] plane table geosinclinal adj geosynclinal | nm geosyncline, goniómetro nm goniometer geosynclinal gongora nf [Col] cavity or vug in a lode geosutura nf geosuture gongorado,-da adj vuggy geotéctonico,-ca adj tectonic | nf geotectonics gotera nf precipitate | g. calcárea calcareos sinter geotérmico,-ca adj geothermal | nf geothermics gotlandiense adj Silurian germanotípico,-ca adj Germanotype grada nf stope | g. al revés overhand stope | g. gersdorfita nf gersdorffite abierta open stope | g. de relleno filled stope | g. giba nf hump (rundhöcker) derecha underhand stope | g. ramal branch gibsita nf gibbsite stope gigante nm monitor, giant (used in hydraulic gradiente nm gradient | g. adiobático adiobatic mining of placers) gradient | g. hidráulico hydraulic gradient | g. giobertita nf magnesite geotérmico geothermal gradient | g. gravimétrico girasol nm fire opal gravitational gradient | g. térmico thermal givetiano,-na adj Givetian gradient givetiense adj Givetian grado nm degree | gradient | g. de libertad glaciación nf glaciation | g. final latest (Würm) degrees of freedom | g. geotérmico geothermal glaciation | g. local local glaciation gradient glaciar adj glacial | nm glacier | g. activo active graficador nm plotter glacier | g. alpino alpine or mountain glacier | gráfico,-ca adj graphic | nf graphics | graph, g. colgante hanging glaciar | g. continental chart | nm graph, chart continental glacier | g. de circo cirque glaciar | grafítico,-ca adj graphitic g. de montaña alpine or mountain glacier | g. de grafito nm graphite | g. natural natural graphite plateau plateau glaciar | g. de roca rock glacier | grafitoso,-sa adj [Vz] graphitic g. de valle alpine or valley glacier | g. fluyente gramo nm gram granada nf garnet G-3 granalla nf small grains of metal, generally gold gravel | g. en bruto pit-run gravel | g. fluvial granate adj garnet (color) | nf garnet | river gravel | g. graduada graded gravel | g. [Guadalcázar, Méx] crystalline cinnabar | g. provechosa pay gravel | g. sin cribar unscreened almandino almandinite gravel | g. tal como sale unscreened gravel granatífero,-ra adj garnetiferous, garnet-bearing gravedad nf gravity | g. específica specific gravity grancilla nf [Sevilla, Sp] screened coal (15-30 gravadora nf [Sp] gravel screen mm) | [Asturias, Sp] screened coal (5-12 mm) gravera nf gravel pit granipórfido,-da adj [Vz] granophyre gravilla nf fine gravel granítico,-ca adj granitic gravilladora nf [Sp] gravel screen granitización nf granitization gravimetría nf gravimetry granito nm granite | small grain | hair, streak or gravimétrico,-ca adj gravimetric point that diminishes the quality of a diamond gravímetro nm gravimeter | g. anfibólico amphibole granite | g. biotítico gravitación nf gravitation, gravity biotite granite | g. micáceo mica granite | g. gravitacional adj gravitational potásico potash granite gravoso,-sa adj [Méx] gravelly granitoide nm granitoid greca nf irregular workings granitoideo,-dea adj granitoid greda nf marl | chalk | fuller's earth | [Bol] grano nm grain | grain, a weight | de g. fino fine barren gravel above pay-dirt in placers| [Guy] grained | de g. grueso coarse grained | de g. highly alterered schist bedrock to placers| [Vz] medio medium grained pay-dirt | g. dura [Col] carboniferous, iron- granoblástico,-ca adj granoblastic bearing schist granofírico,-ca adj granophyric gredal nm clay pit granofiro nm granophyre gredoso,-sa adj chalky, marly, clayey granosidad nf granularity grenoquita nf greenockite granoso,-sa adj granular gremio nm society, guild, corporation | trade granudo,-da adj granular, granulate, granulated union | g. de azogueros [Potosí, Bol] association granulación nf granulation of miners | g. de cumuris association of ore granulado,-da adj granulated | nm granulation transporters | g. de dueños association of granular adj granular, granulate, granulated (mostly absentee) mine owners | g. de mineros gránulo nm granule miner's association granulometría nf granulometry gres nm sandstone | potter's clay granuloso,-sa adj granulose, granular greta nf fuller's earth | [Méx] litharge granza nf [Arg] crushed stone | [New Almaden, gretoso nm [Chico, Méx] silver sulfide-bearing Calif] coarse mercury ore | [Cu] gravel | [Méx] gossan fragments of ore from about the size of rice to grieta nf narrow fissure, crack, crevice | joint | that of an egg | [Guanajuato, Méx] fourth class g. autoclástica autoclastic fissure | g. capilar of ore, about 80 ounce silver to the ton | g. de hairline crack | g. de contracción frost crack | g. yunque [San Dimas, Méx] smalls | [Huitzuco, de desecación mud crack | g. de enfriamiento Méx] middlings of mercury ore | [Asturias, Sp] cooling joint | g. de erupción fissure vent | g. de screened coal (10-25mm) glaciar crevasse | g. glaciar crevasse | g. granzita nf [Almadén, Sp] coarse-grained ores marginal marginal crevasse granzón nm gravel grietarse vpr to crack graptolito nm graptolite grieteado,-da adj cracked grasero nm slag pile grieteo nm formation of fissures grasoso,-sa adj greasy grietoso,-sa adj cracked grauvaca nf greywacke | g. feldespática arkosic gris adj grey | nm grey | g. perla pearl grey wacke grisáceo,-cea adj greyish grauwaca nf greywacke grosor nm thickness grava nf gravel | [Cartagena, Sp] ore of 6 to 8 grosularia nf grossularite percent lead | g. de boleos boulder gravel | g. de grosularita nf grossularite cantera pit gravel | g. de guijas [Vz] granule grueso,-sa adj thick | coarse | hard (water) gravel | g. de mina pit gravel | g. de playa beach G-4 grueso nm thickness of a bed, vein, etc. | güedal nm [Inguaran, Méx] copper skarn [Sevilla, Sp] large coal (600mm in size) | deposit [Arnao, Sp] coal up to 7 cm in size guía nf highest grade part of an orebody | [Ch] grupo nm group | cluster | g. de volcanes small, lateral veins | [Pe] veinlet in a stockwork volcanic cluster | g. mejicana small earthenware plate in which gruta nf cave, grotto, cavern amalgam was tested during the patio process of guache nm [Col] a layer between pay-dirt and amalgamation of silver ores overburden of low-grade in placers | loose guija nf pebble, gravel, cobble | matrix, gangue stones derived from bedrock of a placer | [Méx] milky or bull quartz | [Batopilas, Méx] guadaloso,-sa adj swampy calcite | g. de oro [Guanajuato, Méx] gold- guaico nm [Col] excavation of indiginous origin bearing quartz guaira nf [Bol, Pe] a small, clay windblown guijarra nf stony place smelting furnace used by Indians to refine guijarro nm cobble, pebble, stone high-grade silver ores guijarroso,-sa adj stony, pebbly gualda nf [Pe] chalcopyrite | [Chacas, Pe] guijo nm gravel bornite güijole nm [Durango, Méx] wood tin found in gualdado,-da adj yellow rhyolite, generally kidney shaped gualdo,-da adj yellow guijoso,-sa adj pebbly, gravelly guanero,-ra adj guano guinche nm winch | hoist guaracú nm [Col] basalt, diorite, or greenstone guiñar vtr to change direction, as for a vein, etc. guaraturo nm [Vz] flint | quartz güiris nm mining expert

H-1

H helero nm glacier | ice sheet helio nm helium heliodoro nm heliodor (gem beryl) haba nf nodule | nodular (bean-like) piece of ore heliotropo nm heliotrope, bloodstone encased in gangue helveciano,-na adj Helvetian habilitación nf outfit, equipment; fitting out helveciense adj Helvetian habilitar vtr to equip, fit out helvetiano,-na adj Helvetian hábito nm habit helvetiense adj Helvetian hacer vtr to make | h. la ceja [Col] to recover hematita nf hematite | h. botrioidea botryoidal gold from a gold pan | h. mina to make a mine, hematite | h. especular specular hematite | h. that is, be profitable to work | h. tierras [Méx] ocrosa ocherous hematite | h. oolítica oolitic to work a placer hematite | h. parda limonite | h. roja non- hacienda nf smelting or reduction works | h. de specular (red) hematite beneficio amalgamation works | h. de cianuración hematítico,-ca adj hematitic cyanide plant | h. de fundición smelting works | hematización nf hematization h. de maquila custom mill | h. de minas silver or hembergiense adj Hembergian other refinery, generally applied to hemera nf hemera amalgamation works | h. de sacar plata por el hemiedro,-dra adj hemihedral beneficio de azogue amalgamation works hemimórfico,-ca adj hemimorphic halmirógeno,-na adj halmyrogenic hemimorfita nf hemimorphite halmirolisis nf halmyolysis hemipelágico,-ca adj hemipelagic halocínesis nf halokinesis, salt tectonics hemisférico,-ca adj hemispheric halogénico,-ca adj halogenic hemisferio nm hemisphere halógeno,-na adj halogenous | nm halogen hender vtr/pr to cleave, split, crack haloisita nf halloysite hendible adj fissile, cleavable halotriquita nf halotrichite hendidura nf fissure, crevice, crack, split or rent hallazgo nm discovery, as of a deposit, etc. | rift halloisita nf hallyosite hendimiento nm splitting, cleaving, cracking hamada nf hammada heptano nm heptane | h.-normal n-heptane hankoamaña nm [Potosí, Bol] member of a herciniano,-na adj Hercynian cuadrilla or gang of weekend mestizo miners hercinita nf hercynite who worked the mines for their own benefit hercio nm Hertz from Saturday night to Monday nights and on herido nm [Ch] trench feast days hervezón nm [Col] alluvium harina nf fine powder of metal or ore | h. de roca hervidero nm boiling spring | mud volcano rock flour | h. fósil or silicea diatamaceous earth hesita nf hessite or tripoli hetangiano,-na adj Hetangian harmotoma nf harmotome hetangiense adj Hetangian harnear vtr [Col, Ch] to sift, screen heteroblástico,-ca adj heteroblastic hastial nm lateral wall of an excavation | surface heteromorfismo nm heteromorphism of any wall of a deposit | side of a deposit | h. heterópico,-ca adj heteropic de piso [Bol] footwall | h. de techo [Bol] hanging heteroscedasticidad nf heteroscedasticity wall hettangiense adj Hettangian hauteriviano,-na adj Hauterivian hexaedro nm hexahedron hauteriviense adj Hauterivian hexeno nm hexane haüyna nf hauynite, hauyne hialino,-na adj hyaline | nf hyaline haz nf group of deposits hialita nf hyalite hebra nf vein | layer, bed or stratum hiato nm hiatus hebrudo nm [Huitzuco, Méx] barcenite híbrido,-da adj hybrid | nm hybrid hectara nf hectare hidatógeno,-na adj hydatogenic hectárea nf hectare hidrargillita nf hydrargillite hediondo,-da adj fetid hidratación nf hydration H-2 hidratar vtr to hydrate vein | h. del criadero strike or direction of a hidrato nm hydrate deposit | h. del desposorio [Villalpando, Méx] hidrocarburo nm hydrocarbon small veins of gold-bearing clay | a h. de veta hidrocincita nf hydrozincite along strike of a vein hidrocloruro nm hydrogen chloride hinchado,-da adj swollen hidrocraqueo nm hydrocracking hincharse vpr to swell, as for clays hidrodinámico,-ca adj hydrodynamic hinchazón nm increase in volume of rock hidrógeno nm hydrogen | h. pesado deuterium | extracted from a mine due to breakage h. sulfurado hydrogen sulfide hiperstena nf hypersthene hidrogeología nf hydrogeology hipidiomorfo,-fa adj hypidiomorphic hidrografía nf hydrography hipocentro nm hypocenter hidrolacolito nm pingo hipocristalino,-na adj hypocrystalline hidrólisis nf hydrolysis hipogénico,-ca adj hypogene hidrolita nf hydrolith hipolímnico,-ca adj hypolimnetic hidrología nf hydrology | h. de aguas hipomagma nf hypomagma subterráneas groundwater hydrology hipótesis nf hypothesis | h. alternativa hidrólogo nm hydrologist alternative hypothesis | h. compuesta hidromuscovita nf illite compound hypothesis | h. nula null hypothesis hidrósfera nf hydrosphere | h. simple simple hypothesis hidrosilicato nm hydrosilicate histograma nm histogram hidrostático,-ca adj hydrostatic historia nf history | h. de la tierra earth's history hidrotermal adj hydrothermal hito nm survey monument | h. de límite hidrotérmico,-ca adj hydrothermal boundary monument hidróxido nm hydroxide hocino nm narrows, canyon, gorge hielo nm ice| h. de glaciar glacial ice hofmanita nf hofmannite hierro nm iron | iron ore | [Méx] low grade hogar nm hearth | h. escoriador slag hearth | de h. silver ore of 20 to 35 ounce per ton | h. acicular abierto open hearth goethite | h. arcilloso clayey ironstone | h. hoja nm slab or sheet (of metal) | nappe | h. de arsenical arsenopyrite | h. azul vivianite | h. arrastre nappe | h. de libro [Guanajuato, Méx] blanco arsenopyrite | h. brillante specularite | h. ampelite | h. de papel finely laminated clay, cromado chromite | h. de pradera bog iron ore | slate or talc | h. de pizarra slab of slate h. de (los) pantanos bog iron ore | h. de (los) hojoso,-sa adj laminated prados bog iron ore | h. de los estanques bog iron holmio nm holmium ore | h. espático siderite | h. especular holocénico,-ca adj Holocene specularite | h. espejado specularite | h. espinela holoceno,-na adj Holocene | nm Holocene hercynite | h. fangoso bog iron ore | h. limoso holocristalino,-na adj holocrystalline bog iron ore | h. magnético magnetite | h. holoedro nm holohedron magnetífero [Cartagena, Sp] ore carrying 33% holocarst nm holokarst metallic iron | h. meteórico iron from a meteor | holotipo nm holotype h. nativo native iron | h. oligisto hematite | h. homeoblástico,-ca adj homeoblastic pantanoso bog iron ore | h. pardo limonite | h. homoclinal nm homocline rojo hematite | h. seco [Cartagena, Sp] ore homogeneidad nf homogeneity carrying 50% or better metallic iron | h. titanado homogéneo,-nea adj homogenous ilmenite | h. viejo scrap iron | [Pe] iron oxide- homoscedasticidad nf homoscedasticity rich silver ore homotáxico,-ca adj homotaxial hígado nm [Pe] gold-bearing iron oxide | a hondo,-da adj deep | low, low-lying (land) | nm lenticular deposit of gold bottom | depth hijuela nf small thread of ore or mineral hondonada nf trough, depression | hollow, dip, hilo nm small vein or thread of ore in a vein | h. ravine | h. cárstica karst depression alto small vein coming out of the hanging wall hondura nf depth | [Col] large pothole in | h. bajo small veins going into the footwall | h. bedrock of a placer de cajón vertical vein | h. de la veta strike of a H-3 horizonte nm bed, layer, stratum | seam | huayre nm [Potosí, Bol] clay reduction furnace horizon | h. del suelo soil horizon | h. guía once used by Indians datum | h. petrolífero oil-bearing formation huecarrera nf cavern filled with ore in the form hornablenda nf hornblende | h. esquistosa of stalagmites and stalagtites hornblende schist hueco,-ca adj hollow | loose | nm vug hornabléndico,-ca adj hornblende huella nf track, trace | [Méx] trace of gold hornablendeífero,-ra adj hornblende-bearing recovered in assaying | h. de fisión fission track hornacho nm excavation hueso nm [Ch] yellowish, compact sodium hornada nf [met] a melt nitrate hornaguear vtr to work or extract hard coal huevo nm [Col] belly or swollen piece of ore in hornaguera nf hard coal | h. apizarrada slate coal a beaded vein | large boulder in alluvium or | terreno de h. coal measures soil hornaguero,-ra adj bearing hard coal huincha nf [Bol, Ch] measuring tape hornaza nf small furnace huinche nm winch hornfelsa nf hornfels huincho nm [Pe] magnetite | hematite hornfelsítico,-ca adj hornfelsic hulla nf black bituminous coal | h. apizarrada hornillo nm small furnace slate coal | h. blanca white coal | h. brillante horno nm kiln | furnace | h. de cal lime kiln | h. anthracite | h. cannel cannel coal | h. de llama de ensayar assay furnace | h. de foso pit furnace bituminous coal | h. grasa soft coal | h. magra | h. de fundición smelting furnace | [Méx] blast non-coking anthracite | h. para gas gas coal | h. furnace | h. de reverbero reverberatory furnace picaforme jet | h. seca coking coal horrura nf scoria, dross hullero,-ra adj coal | nf coal mine | coal bed | horsteno nm chert nm coal miner hoya nf any deep excavation | pit, ditch, hole | hullífero,-ra adj coal-bearing basin, trough | sink | pothole in a river bed | hullita nf anthracite valley, dale | [Pe] river bed | h. de drenaje humedecer vtr to moisten, humidify watershed | h. de explosión shot hole | h. glacial humedad nf humidity | h. de cantera quarry kettle hole water | h. del suelo soil moisture hoyada nf depression, hollow, dip húmedo,-da adj humid, wet, damp hoyar vtr to dig holes in, make holes humilde metal nm [Pe] silver ore that readily hoyo nm hole, pit | h. de disparo shot hole amalgamates hoz nf gorge, ravine humita nf humite huachaca nf [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] ore paid to humo nm smoke | los humos [Cerro de Pasco, workers or lessors Pe] 'the smoke', a controversy brought about by huaico nm [Arg, Pe] debris flow, mud flow the installation of a copper smelter without huaillaripear vtr [Pe] to steal ore | to extract even so much as a bag house for pollution gold from tailings by means of running water control and sheepskins humor nm [BC, Méx] trace huairona nf [Pe] lime kiln hundido,-da adj caved | nm dip huairuna nf [Pe] small, earthen retort used to hundimiento nm subsidence | caving | dip of a recover mercury from amalgam bed | pitch of a fold axis | h. en caldero caldron huambi nm [Pe] realgar subsidence huarina nf [Potosí, Bol] member of a cuadrillo or hundirse vpr to dip | to subside | to cave gang of weekend creole miners who worked the huroniano,-na adj Huronian mines for their own benefit from Saturday night to Monday morning and on feast days

I-1

I casquete de gas gas cap drive | i. por gas disuelto solution gas drive | i. por gravedad gravity drive impulso nm impusle iacotinga nf [Br] quartz-hematite-gold ore impureza nf impurity icenense adj Icenian | nm Icenian impurificado,-da adj impure, contaminated icosaedro nm icosahedron impurificar vtr to contaminate icositetraedro nm icositetrahedron impuro,-ra adj impure ida y vuelta nf round trip (in drilling) inagotable adj inexhaustible idioblástico,-ca adj idioblastic inanga nf a gray nephrite idiocromático,-ca adj idiochromatic inarmónico,-ca adj disharmonic, inharmonic idiógeno,-na adj syngenetic incarbonización nf coalification idiomorfo,-fa adj idiomorphic inciso,-sa adj incised idocrasa nf vesuvianite, idocrase inclinación nf declivity, slope | gradient | [Arg, igarapés nmpl branches of a river Ch] dip | i. magnética magnetic dip | sin i. ígneo,-nea adj igneous aclinic ignífugo,-ga adj refractory inclinado,-da adj inclined Igualadense nm Igualadian inclinarse vpr to dip | to slope, rake ilita nf illite inclinométro nm dipmeter | clinometer, iluminación nf illumination inclinometer iluvial adj illuvial incluído,-da adj imbedded, included imagen nf image inclusión nf inclusion | i. anexa cognate imán nm magnet, loadstone | magnetite inclusion | i. de escoria salg inclusion | i. imanación nf magnetization exógena xenolith | i. fluida fluid inclusion | i. imanar or imantar vtr to magnetize | vpr to gaseosa gas inclusion | i. negativa negative become magnetized crystal | i. sólida solid inclusion imantación nf magnetization incoherente adj incoherent, unconsolidated imbibición nf imbibition, absorption incoloro,-ra adj colorless imbricación nf imbrication, overlapping incolumita nf flexible sandstone imbricado,-da adj imbricated, imbricate, incompetente adj incompetent overlapping incongruente adj incongruent, incongruous imbricar vtr to imbricate, overlap inconsecuente adj inconsequent imma nf red ocher inconsistente adj unstable, loose, uncompacted impacción nf impact incorporación nf incorporation (coalification) impacto nm impact incorporado nm yard within a hacienda de minas impar adj odd, uneven | nm odd number where amalgamation took place impedancia nf impedance | i. acústica acoustic increción nf incretion impedence incremento nm increment, recharge impederreventones nmpl [Vz] blowout incrustación nf incrustation, inlay | scale preventer (on a drill rig) incrustado,-da adj incrusted, incrustate | impermeabilidad nf impermeability embedded impermeable adj impermeable | impervious incrustante adj incrusting, scale-forming | nm impregnación nf impregnation incrustant impregnado,-da adj impregnated incrustar vtr to incrust, inlay | vpr to embed impregnar vtr to impregnate | vpr to become itself impregnated incurrente adj incurrent, influent impresión nf impression, imprint independencia nf independence | i. en impronta nf impression, imprint, cast, mark probabilidad indepenence in probability impuesto nm tax | i. de producción severance tax indicación nf indication, generally favorable for impulsar vtr to drive ore impulsión nf natural drive mechanism for oil indicador nm radioactive tracer | i. de and gas pools | i. por agua water drive | i. por deformación strain gauge | i. de desviación drift I-2

indicator | i. de pH pH meter | i. de profundidad inflado,-da adj inflated depth meter inflexión nf inflection indicatriz nf indicatrix influjo nm inflow | flood tide índice nm index | í. calco-alcalino alkali-lime informador nm oil scout index | í. de dureza hardness number | í. de Infracámbrico nm Infracambrian escurrimiento runoff coefficient | í. de infraglacial adj subglacial hinchamiento swelling index | í. de marea fosil inframargenal adj inframarginal index fossil | í. de petróleo show of oil | í. de infrapuesto,-ta adj underlying Prandtl Prandtl number | í. de productividad infrarrojo,-ja adj infrared | nm infrared productivity index (crude oil) | í. de refracción infrayacente adj underlying index of refraction | í. de Reynold Reynold's infundible adj infusible number | í. K K index infusorio,-ria adj infusorial indicios nmpl traces, indications infusoriolita nf diatomaceous earth indigación nf search | examination ingeniería nf engineering | e. minera mining índigo adj/nm indigo | í. de cobre covellite engineering | e. petrolera petroleum indigolita nf indicolite engineering indio nm indium | i. de faltriquera Indian who ingeniero nm engineer | i. de lodos mud engineer avoided the mita by means of a fee paid to his | i. de minas mining engineer | i. de nivel [Ec] employer levelman | i. minero mining engineer | i. indisolubilidad nf indisolubility petrolero petroleum engineer indistinto,-ta adj indistinct ingenio nm mill, usually consisting of two indos nmpl [Vz] invert stamps | smelting works | sluice inducción nf induction | inference | i. estadística ingresión nf ingression statistical inference ingreso nm entrance | nmpl earnings, revenues inducido,-da adj induced inhalante adj incurrent inducidor,-dora adj inducing inhomogeneidad nf inhomogeneity | nm inducer inmadurez nf immaturity inducir vtr to induce inmaduro,-ra adj immature inductancia nf inductance inmersión nf immersion inductivo,-va adj inductive inmerso,-sa adj immersed inductor,-ora adj inducing | nm inductor | i. de inmiscibilidad nf immiscibility tierra earth inductor inmiscible adj immiscible induración nf induration inorgánico,-ca adj inorganic indurar vtr to indurate inosilicato nm inosilicate indurado,-da adj indurated inquilinato nm leasehold industria nf industry | i. extractiva mining insecuente adj insequent industry | i. minera mining industry | i. ínsito,-ta adj in situ petrolera petroleum industry insolito nm insolith inerte adj inert | nmpl aggregates insolubilidad nf insolubility inestable adj unstable insula nf island inestabilidad nf instability insularidad nf insulosity inexacto,-ta adj inaccurate intensidad nf intensity inexplotable adj unexploitable interarrecife nm interreef inexplotado,-da adj unexploited intercalación nf intercalation | inset | i. en forma inexplorado,-da adj unexplored lenticular interlensing infeccionar vtr [Pe] to contaminate, pollute intercalado,-da adj intercalated, interjacent | nm infecundo,-da adj barren of ore, sterile intercalate inferior adj lower | inferior intercalar vtr to intercalate infiltración nf infiltration intercapa nf interbed infiltrar vtr to infiltrate intercarga nf interburden infiltrarse en vpr to infiltrate into interclusión nf intercalation inflación nf tumescence | inflation intercorriente adj interstream I-3 intercrecimiento nm intergrowth inyección nf injection | i. de agua water flood or intercuenca nf interbasin injection | i. de espuma foam injection | i. de gas intercúmulo nm intercumulus gas injection | i. de vapor steam flooding or interdigitación nf intertounging, interfingering injection | i. forzada forced injection | i. interdigitado,-da adj intertounged, interfingered magmática magmatic injection interduna nf interdune inyectado,-da adj injected interestratificación nf interbedding inyectar vtr to inject interestratificado,-da adj interbedded iónico,-ca adj ionic interestratificar vtr to interbed ionización nf ionization interfaz nf interface ionizar vtr/pr to ionize interferencia nf interference ionógeno,-na adj inorganic interfluvio nm interfluve ipabismal adj hypabyssal interlacustre adj interlacustrine ir a peña vtr [Col] to hit a paystreak in a placer interlobulado,-da adj interlobate iridio nm iridium | i. nativo native iridium intermedio,-dia adj intermediate iridiscencia nf iridescence intermitente adj intermittent iridiscente adj iridescent interno,-na adj inner, interior | internal iridosmina nf iridosmine, iridosmium interpartícula nf interparticle iris nm iridescent hyaline quartz | i. calcedonia interplegamiento nm interfolding iridescent chalcedony | i. citrino yellow hyaline interpolación nf interpolation quartz interpolar vtr to interpolate irisación nf iridescence interprecipitado nm interprecipitate irisado,-da adj iridescent intersección nf [math] intercept irisar vintr to iridesce, be iridescent | vpr to intersticio nm interstice become iridescent intervalo nm interval | i. de aceptación irradiación nf irradiation acceptance interval or region | i. de clase class irradiar vtr to irradiate interval | i. de confianza confidence interval | i. isla nf island | i. de barrera barrier island | i. en de erosión erosional interval | i. de rechaza rosario island chain | i. oceánica oceanic island rejection interval or region | i. intercuartilar isleo nm klippe | island | i. cobijante erosional interquartile interval remnant interyacente adj interbedded isleta nf islet intradelta nf delta plain islete nm islet intrafiloniano,-na adj between veins islilla nf islet intraformacional adj intraformational islote nm islet intratelúrico,-ca adj intratelluric isoanomalía nf isoanomaly intruido,-da adj intrusive isoanómalo,-la adj isoanomalous intruir vtr to intrude isoantracita nf isoanthracite intrusivo,-va adj intrusive | nf intrusive isobara nf isobar intumescencia nf intumescence, swelling isobárico,-ca adj isobaric inundable adj easily flooded isobarométrico,-ca adj isobarometric inundación nf flood | flooding isobata nf isobath inundado,-da adj flooded, inundated isocarbono nm isocarbon inundar vtr to flood, inundate isoclinal adj isoclinal | nm isocline inverso,-sa adj inverted, inverse isoclínico,-ca adj isoclinic invertido,-da adj inverted | nm invert isoclino,-na adj isoclinal invertimiento nm [Pe] discharge, outfall isocora nf isochore invertir vtr to invert | to plunge (transit) | to isocromo nm isochrome revert | to invest | [Pe] to discharge, empty isocrona nf isochron investigación nf research, investigation, isócrono,-na adj isochronous exploration isodina nf isomagnetic line investigar vintr to research, investigate, explore isodinámico,-ca adj isodynamic isofana nf franklinite I-4 isógala nf isogal isótopo nm isotope isógama nm isogam isotropía nf isotropy isogeoterma nf isogeotherm isotrópico,-ca adj isotropic isógono,-na adj isogonic | nf isogonic line isotropismo nm isotropism isohalina nf isohaline isótropo,-pa adj isotropic isoíeta nf isohyet isoyeta nm isohyet isoípsa nf contour line istmo nm isthmus isolínea nf isopleth itabo nm [Vz] inlet isomegatía nf isomegathy itacolumita nf flexible sandstone isomerismo nm isomeric itali nm [Méx] obsidian isomerización nf isomerization italita nf leucitite isómero,-ra adj isomeric | nm isomer iteración nf iteration isometamorfismo nm isometamorphism iterar vtr to iterate isomórfico,-ca adj isomorphic iterativo,-va adj iterative isomorfismo nm isomorphism itérbico,-ca adj ytterbic isomorfo nm isomorph iterbio nm ytterbium isopaca nf isopach itria nf yttria isópaco nm isopach ítrico,-ca adj yttric isoparafina nf isoparrafin itrio nm yttrium isopentano nm isopentane itrocerita nf yttrocerite isopleta nf isopleth itrofluorita nf yttrofluorite isópora nf isopore itroilmenita nf samarskite isopreno nm isoprene itrotantalita nf yttrotantalite isoquímico,-ca adj isochemical itrotitanita nf keilhauite isorrumbado,-da adj follows the same strike itztle or itztli nm [Méx] obsidian isosista nf isoseismic line iu nm yu, nephrite isostasia nf isostacy ixtajale nm [Tasco, Méx] earthy iron oxide | isostasis nf isostacy [Zacualpan, Méx] silver sulphide disseminated isostático,-ca adj isostatic in iron oxides | [Sultepec, Méx] native wire isotangente nm isotangent and leaf silver with gypsum, cerargyrite, isoterma nf isotherm argentite, and oxides isotérmico,-ca adj isothermic, isothermal izador nm hoist isotermo,-ma adj isothermal izaje nm hoisting isotípico,-ca adj isotypic izar vtr to hoist isotipo nm isotype izcu nm [Pe] lime isotópico,-ca adj isotopic

J-1

J jais nf jet jaki nm khal jalatocle nm [Méx] alluvium jabalcón nm trench brace jalde adj deep yellow jabalconar vtr to shore, brace, prop jaldo,-da adj deep yellow Jabalinense nm Acadian jaldre adj deep yellow jabeca [Almadén, Sp] a type of furnace used to jales nmpl [Méx] tailings distill mercury jali nm khal jable nf a fine, white sand jalón nm [surv] rod, range pole | j. de cadeno jabón nm [Guanajuato, Méx] friable, talcose, chaining pin | j. de mira level rod silver-bearing ore | [Villa Nueva, Hon] friable, jalonar vtr [surv] to run a survey line talcose, siliceous, gold and silver sulfide- jalonero nm [surv] rodman bearing ore | [Col] slickenside | j. de montaña jamasquita nf jamaskite (obs, hornblende steatite | halloysite | j. de sastre steatite, jacupirangite) soapstone | j. de soldado smectite | j. de vidrieros Janitorense nm Janitorian (sub-stage of the pyrolusite | j. mineral smectite Corallian) jaboncillo nm clay, gouge, generally as an janosita nf copiapite alteration product of country rock | [Potosí, japanita nf penninite Bol] kaolinite | [Ch] nitrate of soda streaked jaquelado nm checkerboard pattern with lime | [Méx] clay selvage on a vein | jardín nm spot which disfigures an emerald steatite, talc jargón nm jargoon, jargon (pale yellow jem jabre nm [Gal] a fine, white feldspathic sand variety of zircon) derived from altered granite Jarkov nm Kharkov jacintina nf idocrase jaspágata nf agate jasper, jaspagate, jaspachate jacinto nm hyacinth, jacinth (a transparent red jaspe nm jasper | veined marble | j. de Siberia var of zircon) | cinnamon-stone (a var of banded brown and green jasper | j. egipcio garnet) | j. de Ceilán zircon | j. de Compostela Egyption jasper | j. florido multicolored jasper | dark red crytalline quartz | j. de disentis j. heliotropo bloodstone | j. jaspeado mixture of cinnamon-stone, a variety of garnet | j. de los green jasper and agate | j. negro touchstone | j. volcanes idocrase | j. occidental bright yellow ópalo jaspopal | j. porcelana porcelain jasper | j. variety of topaz | j. oriental orange variety of sanguíneo bloodstone | j. veteado ribbon jasper | corundum | j. volcánico idocrase j. zonar ribbon jasper Jacksoniense nm/adj Jacksonian jaspeado,-da adj spotted | mottled, variegated | jacksonita nf prehnite marbled, streaked, veined | like jasper, jacupirangita nf jacupirangite | j. apatítica jaspideous apatite jacupirangite | j. feldespática feldspar jaspear vtr to marble, mottle, vein, streak jacupirangite jasperado,-da adj jasperated jacupirangítico,-ca adj jacupirangitic jasperina nf jasperine jacutinga nf jacutinga, itabirite jasperita nf jasper jade nm jade | j. de saussure saussurite | j. jasperización nf jasperization oriental tremolite jasperoide adj jasperoid | jasper jade-albita nf maw-sit-sit, jade-albite jasperizar vtr to jasperize jadeíta-egirina nf a mixture of jadeite and jaspideano,-na adj jaspidean, jaspery aegirine jaspilítico,-ca adj jaspilitic jagua nf [Col] powdery, sulfide ore | black jaspoide adj jaspoid | nm tachylyte sands in placers | concentrates rich in gold and jaspón nm a variety of marble, stained red and heavy minerals | j. de recorte heavy mineral yellow residues from gold recovery in an arrastre jaspónix nm jasponyx jaguadero nm outlet (of a river) jaspopal nm jasper opal, jaspopal, opal jasper jagüel nm [Arg, Ch] pit or trench filled with jaula nf cage (in a shaft) | j. de extracción mine water cage jagüey nm [Arg] pit or trench filled with water jayet nm jet J-2 jazido nm layer, bed or seam | ore or mineral Jovarense nm/adj middle part of the middle deposit Oligocene jebe nm [Sp] alum joven adj young | recent | undeformed jefe nm chief, boss | j. de brigada [surv, expl] Joviano nm part of the Quaternary party chief | j. de cuadrilla squad boss | j. de jovin adj uneroded, little eroded oficina office manager | j. de punta shift boss | j. juagada nf [Col] alluvial gravel lacking sand and de turno shift boss gold jejo nm stone, rock juan blanco nm [Col] placer platinum | mica jelinita nf kansasite (a fossil resin) jucu nm [Bol] high grader, ore thief jelletita nf pale green andradorite juddita nf Mn-hornblende jemal adj a palm in length juego nm set | suite | j. de colores play of colors jeme nm palm (measure of distance) | j. de diaclasas joint set | j. de mare the complete jenkinsita nf ferroan antigorite tidal cycle | stretch of beach or coast bounded jentschita nf lengenbachite by the tidal cycle jenzschita nf chalcedony jugar nm tidal movement of the sea (rise and jeroglífico,-ca adj hieroglyphic | nm hieroglyph fall) Jerseyense nm Jerseyian (glacial stage) jugo de la tierra nm hydrocarbon jerulfina nf wagnerite altered to apatite jugo lapídeo nm parent magma | residual melt jet nm jet | intersitial glass | cement in conglomerates jewreinowita nf vesuvianite julianita nf tennantite jezekita nf morinite julio nm joule jilópalo nm wood opal jumo nm [Col] scarcely visible flake of gold jinyunita nf mixture of mordenite and junckerita nf variety of siderite clinoptilolite junkerita nf siderite jiwaarita nf Ti-melanite junta nf joint | junction (of a river) Johannense nm/adj Olenidian juntarse vpr to coalesce johnita nf green variety of turquoise juntura nf joint | j. de estratificación bedding johnstonita nf vanadinite | galena plane johnstontonita nf variety of andradite junturamiento nm jointing johnstrupita nf mosandrite juquear vtr [Bol] to high grade, steal ore jolita nf iolite juqueo nm [Bol] ore theft, high-grading jollyita nf Al-hisingerite juquero nm [Bol] ore-thief jorfe nm precipice Jura nf Jurassic | J. blanco Malm | J. negro Lías | Jorgense nm/adj [Arg] local age name equivalent J. pardo Dogger to Danian Jurásico,-ca adj Jurassic | nm Jurassic | J. inferior jorgyanita nf scorodite lower Jurassic | J. medio middle Jurassic | J. jornada nf a day's work, working day, shift | a superior upper Jurassic day's journey | expedition | j. doble double jurinita nf brookite shift | j. simple single shift jurupaíta nf Mn-xonotlite jornal adj by the day's work | [Col] by the hour's jusente adj that rises or falls with an ebb tide | work | nm day's wage | day's work | [Col] nm ebb tide hourly wage justipreciación nf appraisal jornalar vtr to employ by the day justipreciador nm appraiser jornalero nm workman, laborer justipreciar vtr to appraise, rate Josarense nm lower part of the Pontian justiprecio nm appraised value josefinita nf nickel-iron, ferronickel Juvarense nm/adj Juvavian josena nf josen, hartite juvenil adj juvenile jossaíta nf a mixture of crocoite and sphalerite juventud nf youth jotun-norita nf jotunite (obs, charnockite)

K-1

K karbonatita nf carbonatite karbonatitalnoíta nf alnoite karlsteinita nf carlstainite (obs, alkali granite) kafehidrocianita nf kafehydrocyanite karniense adj Carnian kainolítico,-ca adj Cenozoic karst nm karst | k. cubierto covered karst | k. k'ajcha nf [Potosí, Bol] member of a cuadrillo or desnudo naked or bare karst | k. elevado relict gang of weekend indio miners who worked karst | k. subterráneo interstratal or subjacent their employer's mines for their own benefit karst from Saturday night to Monday morning and karstenita nf rock anhydrite, anhydrock on feast days kárstico,-ca adj karstic kakirita nf protomylonite karstificación nf karstification kakoxena nf kakixen kasaíta nf kassaîte (obs, haüyne monzonite or Kalaviense adj lower Algonquin | nm lower syenodiorite porphyry) Algonquin Kaskasia nm Kaskasia kalicamptonita nf cascadite (obs, sodic minette) kasparite nf cobaltoan pickeringite kaligranito nm kaligranite (obs, granite) kataforita nf kataphorite kalikeratófido nm kalikeratophyre (obs, kataforit-sölvsbergita nf solvsbergite (obs, keratophyre) trachyte) kalinefelinita nf kalinephelinite (obs, nephelinte) katapleitsienita nf augite-nepheline syenite kaliofilita nf kaliophilite katatéctico,-ca adj katatectic kalifita nf kaliphite katavotre nf abyss kalipirocloro nm kalipyrochlore katazona nf katazone kalipiroxerita nf pyroxenolite (obs, pyroxenite) katogénico,-ca adj katogenic kaliqueratofiro nm kalikeratophyre (obs, katogeno nm katogene keratophyre) kaukasita nf caucasite (obs, sanidine granite) kaliriolita nf kalirhyolite (obs, potash rhyolite or kaulaíta nf kauaiite (obs, olivine-augite diorite) pantellerite) Kazán nm Kazanian kalisienita nf kalisyenite (obs, alkali syenite) kazansquita nf kazanskite (obs, magnetite- kalitinguaitpórfido nm kalitinguaite porphyry plagioclase dunite) (obs, porphyritic phonolite) keelyita nf zinkenite kalitraquita nf kalitrachyte (obs, trachyte) Keewatino nm Keewatin, Keewatinian kalkafanita nf amygdaloidal diabase keiviíta nf keivyite kalkbostonita nf maenaite (obs, plagioclase kelifítico,-ca adj kelyphytic bostonite) kelyfítico,-ca adj kelyphitic kalkdiabasa nf amygdaloidal diabase kelifito nm corona kalkgranito nm calcigranite (obs, granite) kellerita nf cuprian pentahydrite kalkuranita nf uranite kenngotita nf miargyrite kaluszita nf singenite kenyita nm kenyte (obs, olivine phonolitic kam or kame nm kame trachyte) kamarezita nf brochantite kenyta nm kenyte (obs, olivine phonolitic kammgranito nm kammgranite (obs, granite) trachyte) kammgranítico,-ca adj kammgranitic (obs, kerabitumen nm kerogen granitic) kerargirita nf kerargyrite Kansan nm Kansan keratita nf hornfels | compact groundmass in kansita nf mackinawite melaphyres kantografía nf kantography keratofido nm keratophyre | k. cuarcífero quartz kaolín nm kaolin keratophyre kaolínico,-ca adj kaolinic keratófiro nm keratophyre | k. cuarcífero quartz kaolinita nf kaolinite keratophyre kaolinítico,-ca adj kaolinitic keratofirospilita nf spilitized keratophyre kaolinización nf kaolinization keratospilita nf keratospilite (obs, spilitized karbonatberesita nf beresite (obs, altered aplite) albite diabase) K-2 kerógeno nm kerogen klaprotita nf mixture of wittichenite and kerogenita nf oil shale emplectite kerosén nm kerosene klausenita nf clausenite (obs, diorite norite, keroseno nm kerosene quartz gabbro) | lamprophyre kerosina nf kerosene kmaita nf celadonite kersantita nf kersantite | k. aplita aplitic knoxvillita nf copiapite kersantite | k. augítica augite kersantite | k. Koblenzense nm Coblenzian broncítica bronzite kersantite | k. cuárcica quartz kodurita nf kodurite (obs, granulite) | k. biotítica kersantite | k. esferoidal or esferolítica spheroidal biotite kodurite | k. cuarcífera quartz kodurite | kersantite | k. hornabléndica hornblende k. piroxénica pyroxene kodurite kersantite | k. olivínica olivine kersantite | k. kodorítico,-ca adj koduritic orbicular orbicular kersantite koelbingita nf kenigmatite kersantitpegmatita nf kersantite pegmatite koivinita nf florencite keuperiano,-na adj Keuper kokkokonita nf cocconite (coccolith limestone) Kéuprico nm Keuper kolbeckina nf herzenbergite keweenawiano,-na adj Keweenawan kolskita nf mixture of lizardite and sepiolite K-feldespato nm K-feldspar komatiíta nf komatiite khajcha nf [Potosí, Bol] member of a cuadrillo or kongadiabasa nf Konga diabase (var quartz gang of weekend indio miners who worked dolerite) their employer's mines for their own benefit Kongurense nm Kungurian from Saturday night to Monday morning and Konialnikense nm Konialnikian, Pontian? on feast days koppita nf pyrochlore khareo nm [Bol] hand sorting (of ore) kornerupina nf kornerupine khareadora nf ore sorter (usually a woman) korund-anorthosita nf kyschtymite (obs, khibinita nf mosandrite (mineral) | chibinite corundum anorthosite) (rock) korund-gabro nm corundum hornblend gabbro khinganita nf kesterite korundmagnetitita nf corundum magnetitite khuniita nf iranite korundnefelindiorita nf dungannonite (obs, kieselgur nm kieselguhr, kiselgur alkali corundum diorite) kiirunavaarita nf magnetitite korundoligoclaspegmatita nf plumasite (obs) kilaje nm [Arg] weight in kilograms korundplagioklasita nf kyschtymite (obs, kilbrickenita nf As-geochronite corundum anorthosite) kiliárea nf kiliare kosmocloro nm kosmochlor, ureyite kilita nf kylite (obs, olivine theralite) kramerita nf probertite kilo nm kilogram kratógeno nm shield kilobara nf kilobar kraurita nf dufrenite kilocaloría nf kilocalorie kreuzbergita nf pleystenite kilociclo nm kilocycle kriptón nm krypton kilogramo nm kilogram kristianita nf cristianite (obs, biotite granite) kilometraje nm distance in kilometers kryokonita nf cryoconite kilométrico,-ca adj kilometric Kungur nm Kungurian kilómetro nm kilometer Kunguriense nm Kungurian kimmeriano,-na adj Kimmerian kurskita nf carbonate-fluorapatite kimmérico,-ca adj Kimmerian kürunavaarita nf magnetitite, kiirunvaarite kimmeridgiano,-na adj Kimmeridgian kuselita nf cuselite (obs, biotite-augite kimmeridgense adj Kimmeridgian lamprophyre) Kinderhook nm Kinderhookian kusuita nf wakefieldite-(Ce) kirunavaarita nf magnetitite, kiirunvaarite

L-1

L laguna nf lagoon | small lake | reservoir used to store water to supply water-powered stamp mills | l. costera coastal lagoon | l. de labíl adj unstable | labile | friable decantación tailings pond labio nm lip, edge | l. de falla fault limb lagunato nm [Cu] pool, pond labor nf miner working or work | working place lagunero nm person in charge of the upkeep of or face | a measure of area (177.14 acres) | l. a lagunas cielo overhand working | l. a cielo abierto open lagunoso,-sa adj full of lagoons pit working | l. a través cross cut | l. abandonada laja nf thin, flat stone | bed, layer or sheet | abandoned working | l. alta [Col] placer stone slab | l. chavera [Cartagena, Sp] highly working above water level | l. auxiliar decomposed slate development work | l. baja [Col] placer lajeado,-da adj [Mex, Ur] laminated working below water level | l. de bancos lajilla nf [Vz] shale underhand stoping | l. de beneficio mill, milling lajoso,-sa adj [Ur] laminated | l. de cantera stone quarry, open pit work | l. de lama nf slime, mud, silt | tailings | ore in the hacienda all workings in a mine not leased | l. de form of dust or fine powder within veins | realce overhand stoping | l. de reconocimiento [Tipuani, Bol] gravel beds forming false exploratory workings | l. de testeros overhand bedrock to gold placers stoping | l. en rebajo underhand stoping | l. por lamelar adj laminated lajas slabbing, slashing | l. preparativas lameliforme adj lamelliform development work lámina nf lamella (pl lamellae) | slab | thin plate laboreo nm mining, exploitation, working | art or sheet | scale | l. de pirita scare | l. de pizarra of mining | l. a cielo abierto open pit mining | l. slab of slate, slate de crestones surface workings | l. de grada laminación nf lamination stoping | l. de subniveles sublevel stoping | l. en laminado,-da adj laminated | tabular avance advancing system | l. en retirada laminilla nf lamella (pl lamellae) | thin sheet | retreating system | l. minero mining, flake exploitation | l. por cuadras panel working | l. lamoso,-da adj slimey | [Aguascalientes, Méx] por socavón adit cut mining copper ores in a steatite matrix labra nf working, cutting, carving, or dressing of lamprófiro nm lamprophyre stone lancanstriano,-na adj Lancastrian labrado,-da adj worked, wrought, cut, carved | lancastriense nm Lancastrian nm cutting, carving lancha nf thin, flat stone | stone slab labrar vtr to work a mine | to work metals | to lanchar nm quarry yielding lanchas dress, cut or carve stone | l. en facetas to facet landeniano,-na adj Landenian lacolito nm laccolith landeniense nm Landenian lacunario,-ria adj lacustrine lantano nm lanthanum lacustre adj lacustrine, lake lapa nf [Pe] footwall ladera nf declivity, slope, side, hillside | highly lapiez nm karren inclined flanks of a saddle or anticline | flank lapili nf lapilli | l. de acreción accretion lapilli ladiniano,-na adj Ladinian lapislázuli nf lapis lazuli ladiniense adj Ladinian lápiz nm graphite, black lead, plumbargo | lago nm lake | l. alcalino alkaline lake | l. de agua black chalk | l. encarnado or rojo red chalk or dulce fresh water lake | l. de agua salada salt lake ochre | l. de circo tarn | l. de cráter crater lake | l. de lapizar nm graphite mine erosión erosion lake | l. de erosión glaciar | l. de laque nm druse fractura tectonic lake | l. de glaciar glacier lake | lasca nf small, thin fragment of stone | chip, l. en herradura oxbow lake | l. endicado barrier spall lake | l. salado salt lake, saline lake | l. semilunar lascar vtr to spall oxbow lake lastra nf flat stone, stone slab, flagstone | láguena nf decomposition of argillaceous schist [Serrata de Lorca, Sp] bed of native sulphur, of by weathering which there are several: l. de arriba the upper L-2

bed, l. de abajo or de fuego middle bed, and l. de legua nf league, a measure of distance of 5000 agua the lowermost which was not worked footsteps (about 5572 meters) (a day's ride on lastre nm weathered stone of poor quality found horseback is about six leagues) at the surface of quarries leguaje nm an advance for travel expenses that lastrón nm large flagstone should have but was rarely paid to mitayos by laterítico,-ca adj lateritic mine owners when they left their communities laterización nf laterization for the mines latilla nf lath lenar nm karren, lapiaz latitud nf latitude | breadth, width | total extent lengua del glaciar nf glacial tongue of a region, belt, province, district, etc | a 30° lengüebuey nm [Antioqua, Col] a trachyte so latitud sur 30° south named because its texture resembles that of an lattorfiano,-na adj Lattorfian ox's tongue lattorfiense adj Lattorfian lente nm lense | magnifying glass | lenticular lauegrama nm lauegram mass of rock | l. ocular eyepiece laurencio nm lawrencium lenteja nf lenticular mass of rock, ore or mineral lava nf lava | washing of ore | l. cordada pillow lentejón nm lense (of sedimentary rock) lava | l. de bloque block lava | l. en alhomada leñoso,-sa adj woody, ligneous pillow lava | l. escoriácea aa lava | l. pahoehoe lepidoblástico,-ca adj lepidoblastic pahoehoe leucito nm leucite lavada nf washing of placers, ore, or amalgam leucocrático,-ca adj leucocratic lavadero nm site for washing placers, ore, or leucopirita nf leucopyrite amalgam | [Ch, Pe] placer deposit | act of leucozafiro nm leucosapphire washing placers, ore, or amalgam levantada nf orogeny lavado nm washing | l. de surcos | l. superficial levantamiento nm elevation | uplift | survey | lavador nm gold pan | washer surveying | creep (soil) | l. aerofotogramétrico lavadora nf gold pan | l. de carbón coal washer aerial survey | l. sísmico siesmic survey lavadura nf washing of placers or ore | nfpl levantar vtr to survey | to uplift, elevate washings levée nf levee | l. natural natural levee lavaje nm washing of placers or ore levigación nf levigation lavar vtr to wash placers or ore levógiro,-ra adj sinistral lazada nf bow, knot | en lazada loop ley nf law | grade of ore | legal standard of lazo nm bow, knot | en forma de l. loop quality or fineness | statistical distribution lazurita nf lapis lazuli, lazurite function | l. beta beta distribution | l. binomial lechada nf mixture of lime and gypsum or of binomial distribution | l. binomial negativa lime and sand | slurry, paste negative binomial distribution | l. de Boyle leche de luna nm calcareous clay Boyle's law | l. de Charles Charles's law | l. de F leche de tierra nm magnesia F distribution | l. de Henry Henry's law | l. de leche fósil de luna nm mineral agaric minas mining law | l. de metal grade | l. de lechecilla nf [Tasco, Méx] a var of limestone Pareto Pareto distribution | l. de Poisson Poisson lechedor nm [Pe] huantajaite | [Atacama, Ch] distribution | l. de student student t-distribution oxidized ore or gossan rich in silver chlorides | l. de Weibull Weibull distribution | l. discreta lecho nm river bed | thin layer, bed or stratum | uniforme uniform distribution | l. exponencial l. de cantera bed of stone | l. de creciente flood exponential distribution | l. gamma gamma plain | l. de río stream bed | l. de roca bedrock | distribution | l. geométrica geometric l. mayor flood plain distribution | l. hipergeométrica hypergeometric lediano,-na adj Ledian distribution | l. ji cuadrado chi-squared lediense adj Ledian distribution | l. lognormal lognormal légamo nm slime, mud, ooze | loam distribution | l. media average grade | l. mineral legamoso,-sa adj slimey, oozey, loamy mining law | l. mulitinomial multinomial legítima nf [Real del Monte, Méx] vein having distribution | l. normal normal distribution | l. an east-west trend rectangular Rectangular distribution | l. superior a grade greater than | l. t t-distribution | l. L-3

unifomre uniform distribution | con ley de of a lindero nm boundary, especially of a mining grade of | de baja (alta) ley of low (high) grade claim leyenda nf legend (to a map) línea nf line | twelth part of a pulgada or inch | l. lherzolita nf lherzolite aclínica aclinic line, magnetic equator | l. de liás nm Lias costa coastline, strandline | l. de crecimiento liásico,-ca adj Liassic, Lias | nm Liassic growth line | l. de charnela hinge line | l. de libra nf pound, a measure of weight | l. esterlina fractura fracture line | l. de litoral shoreline | l. pound sterling de nieves perpetuas snow line | l. de tierra ground libre adj free line | l. geodésica geodesic line | l. isodinámica libreta nf notebook | l. de campo field book isodynamic line | l. isogónica isogonic line | l. licuación nf liquification transversal traverse licuefacción nf liquification lineación nf lineation liquifacer vtr to liquify lineamiento nm lineament lidita nf lydite, touchstone lingote nm ingot | l. de hierro pig iron | l. de lienza nf measuring tape plomo pig of lead lievrita nf ilvaite liparita nf rhyolite liga nf alloy | alloy of gold and silver used in lipis nm copper sulfate coinage | [Méx] smelting ore, or ore used as a lipta nf [Bol] grey silver ores which accompany flux in smelting | [Potosí, Bol] galena | l. de tin ore metal alloy liquado nm liquid | l. newtoniano Newtonian ligación nf bond liquid ligar vtr to alloy (metals) liso,-sa adj even | nm an extensive flat face of a ligero,-ra adj light rock | slickenside | [Col] fault lignítico,-ca adj lignitic lista nf stripe, band lignito nm lignite or brown coal | l. duro | l. listado,-da adj striped | in thin layers, laminated leñoso lignite proper | l. xiloide xyloid lignite listones nmpl riffles limadura nf [Méx] refined silver or silver litarge nm litharge | l. nativo lead ocher amalgam produced by the patio process of litargirio nm litharge amalgamation litificación nf lithification limbo nm limb (of a fold) lítico,-ca adj lithic límite nm boundary | limit | l. conservador de litio nm lithium placas transform plate boundary | l. de confianza litoclasa nf lithoclase confidence limit | l. de contracción shrinkage litoestratigráfico,-ca adj lithostratigraphic limit | l. de nieve snow line | l. de placa plate litofacies nfpl lithofacies boundary | l. de placas convergentes converging litófilo,-la adj lithophile plate boundary | l. de placas divergentes litofisuras nfpl lithophysae diverging plate boundaries litogénesis nf lithogenesis limítrofe adj bordering litología nf lithology límnico,-ca adj lacustrine, limnic litológico,-ca adj lithological limnología nf limnology litomargo nm lithomarge, kaolin limo nm silt, mud | l. de derrubios boulder clay | litoral adj coastal, littoral | nm shore | l. entre l. de faldeo mareas foreshore | l. submarino offshore limolito nm siltstone litosfera nm lithosphere limonita nf limonite litosiderita nf lithosiderite limonítico,-ca adj limonitic litostático,-ca adj lithostatic limonitizado,-da adj limonitic litraje nm [Arg] volume in liters limoso,-sa adj muddy, silty litro nm liter limpia nf low-grade ore or waste lixivación nf leaching, lixivation | l. amoniacal limpiar vtr to clean up, as for a mill, dredge, etc ammonia leaching limpio nm cobbed or sorted ore lizote nm [Sinaloa, Méx] blue speckled quartz linde nm boundary, limit rich in silver local nm site | l. del ingenio mill site L-4 localidad nf locality | l. tipo type locality lotaringiano,-na adj Lotharingian lodazal nm marsh, bog lotaringiense nm Lotharingian lodo nm mud, ooze, sludge | l. calcáreo loza nf [Pe] bedrock to a placer calcareous ooze | l. de silíceo siliceous ooze | l. ludiano,-na adj Ludian de diatomeas diatomaceous ooze | l. de radiolarios ludiense adj Ludian radolarian ooze | l. mineral slime | l. rojo red ludloviano,-na adj Ludlovian mud ludloviense adj Ludlovian lodolita nf mudstone lumbre nm flint | firestone lodoso,-sa adj muddy lumbrera nf shaft loes or loess nm loess luminescente adj luminescent logarítmico,-ca adj logarithmic luminiscencia nf luminescence | l. catódica logaritmo nm logarithm cathodoluminescence loma nf ridge, rise, hill, hillock | l. de luminoso,-sa adj luminous acumulación accretionary ridge lupa nf magnifying glass, lens | hand lens lomada nf [Arg] hill, ridge lurte nm landslide lomerío nm [Méx] a range of hills lusitaniano,-na adj Lusitanian lomo nm ridge | l. eólico windrow ridge lusitaniense adj Lusitanian loncha nf flagstone lustre or lustro nm luster longana nf [Guanajuato, Méx] cylinders of clay lustroso,-sa adj shiny, glossy, lustrous with embedded rich ore, or cylindrical pieces of luteciano,-na adj Lutetian ore concealed in the anus as a means of stealing luteciense adj Lutetian ore lutecio nm lutetium longitud nf longitude | length | departure, ie lutita nf shale | l. petrolífera oil shale easting or westing lutítico,-ca adj shaly lopolito nm lopolith luz nf light | l. ambiente available light | l. losa nf flat stone, stone slab, flagstone | natural natural or ordinary light | l. polarizada [Coquimbo, Ch] shell-bearing conglomerate polarized light losero nm quarry for losa or flagstone | [Guanajuato, Méx] sandstone quarry

M-1

M sulfate used as a reagent in the patio process of amalgamating silver ores magma nm magma maar nm maar magmático,-ca adj magmatic macetón nm [Méx] stone sledge magnesiano,-na adj magnesian maciño nm a var of sandstone with less quartz magnésico,-ca adj magnesic and more feldspar than molasa magnesífero,-ra adj magnesiferous macizo,-za adj compact, solid, hard | nm massif magnesio nm magnesium | nm massiveness, bulk | massif | shield, magnético,-ca adj magnetic basement | virgin, unmined ground | ore magnetismo nm magnetism | m. fosíl blocked out but not yet mined | m. cristalino paleomagnetism crystalline basement | m. intrusivo stock | m. magnetizable adj magnetizable lauréntico Canadian shield | m. mineralizado magnetización nf magnetization orebody | m. tectónico horst magnetar vtr to magnetize macla nf twinning | twin, macle | twinned magneto nm magnet crystal | m. de la albita albite twin law | m. magnetómetro nm magnetometer polisintética polysynthetic twin magnitud nf magnitude (of an earthquake) maclado,-da adj twinned magnometría nf magnetic exploration maco nm [Cartagena, Sp] ancient mine tailings magro,ra adj lean macroclástico,-ca adj macroclastic mainel nm mullion macrocristalino,-na adj coarsely crystalline maja nf pestle macrofósil nm macrofossil majadero nm pestle mactosísmico,-ca adj macroseismic majamiento nm crushing, grinding, pounding macrosismo nm macroseism majar vtr to crush, pound, grind, break machacamiento nm crushing mal de choco nm silicosis machacar vtr to crush, break, buck, spall or malacate nm whim for hoisting ore, etc. stamp ore | to grind malaquita nf malachite | m. azul azurite | m. machado nm [Pe] ore containing visible native verde malachite silver or gold maleabilidad nf maleability machador,-dora adj crushing, grinding | nf maleable adj maleable crusher, grinding machine málico adjm malic machaqueo nm crushing | [Sp] crushed stone malpaís nf badlands machar vtr to spall ore | to hammer malquita nf malchite (obs, lamprophyre) machays nm [Ec, Pe] sulfur lined cavities in malta nf asphalt volcanic rock malla nf mesh, screen | network | m. ancha macho nm dike | [Col] barren or unproductive coarse mesh | m. angosta fine mesh vein mana nf source, spring machonga nf [Col] pyrite manatial adj spring | nm spring, source | m. machucar vtr to crush, break, buck, spall or artesiano artesian spring | m. ascendente artesian stamp ore spring | m. caliente hot spring | m. de madera nf wood | m. silicificada agatized wood desbordamiento contact spring | m. de estrato madre nf river bed | mineralizing fluid | m. de hillside spring | m. de falla fissure spring | m. sal [Ch] crystalline soda sulfate | m. del ore de fisura fissure spring | m. de grieta fissure [Col] pebbles or cobbles of hematitic iron ore spring | m. de hondonada depression spring | m. madurez nf maturity de ladera gravity or contact spring | m. de valle maduro,-ra adj mature valley spring | m. descendente depression spring maestrichtiano,-na adj Maestrichtian | m. rebosante gravity spring | m. resurgente Maestrichtiense nm Maestrichtian contact spring | m. surtidor artesian spring máfico,-ca adj mafic mancomunidad nf joint responsibility assumed magistral nm flux used for smelting ores | by an association of miners (gremio de mineros) roasted iron or copper pyrites or crude copper for the repayment of member's debts to a bank M-2

| pooling of properties to obtain an exploration mar nm ocean, sea | m. abisal abyssal sea | m. permit adentro offshore | m. epicontinental epeiric sea mancha nf stain or spot of ore | flaw in a crystal marca nf framework | district or province | | m. de metal spot of ore symbol stamped on bullion to indicate that manchado,-da adj spotted | stained taxes or duties have been paid | m. de arrastre mandón nm mine foreman scour mark | m. de escurrimiento rill mark | m. manganato nm manganate de oleaje ripplemark | m. de remolino eddy mark manganesa nf pyrolusite, manganese peroxide | m. del diezmo mark stamped on a bar of silver manganesia nf pyrolusite indicating that the diezmo tax (ten percent) had manganeso nm manganese | manganese ore | been paid | m. lunada gouge mark m. gris manganite | m. negro pyrolusite marco nm a weight of 8 onzas | m. de oro weight mangánico,-ca adj manganic of 50 castellanos, 400 tomines or 4800 granos | m. manganoso,-sa adj manganous de plata weight of 8 onzas, 64 ochavas, 128 manifestación nf occurrence, showing (of ore adarmes, 384 tomines or 4608 granos etc.) marcha nf | m. aleatoria random walk manta nf bedded vein or deposit | blanket marea nf tide | m. alta high tide | m. baja low deposit, "manto" | v de manta [Col] horizontal tide | m. gravimétrica tidal gravity | m. lunar vein lunar tide | m. muerta | m. roja red tide | m. manteado,-da adj flat, blanket-like viva spring tide mantenimiento de presión nm pressure marecanita nf obsidian maintenance maremotar,-triz adj tidal manteo nm bedding | [Bol] cover rock | [Bol, marejada nf cross-bedding Ch] dip marengo adj/nm dark grey mantilla nf [Tex] pocket or bunch of ore marga nf marl | loam | marlstone | [Titiribí, mantisa nf mantissa Col] spathic iron | m. límica bog lime manto nm bed, layer, stratum | nappe | margen nm margin, fringe, edge, border | river stratified or stratbound mineral deposit | bank | m. continental continental margin bedded or blanket vein | lenticular deposit or margoso,-sa adj marly, loamy pocket | flat or horizontal vein | mantle | marguero nm marl pit [Atacama, Ch] a thick breccia zone | marino,-na adj marine [Maravatío, Méx] gold-bearing gossan | m. marisma nf salt lake broceador [Atacama, Ch] unmineralized bed | marismeño,-ña adj marsh m. de azul [Cartagena, Sp] bed containing azul, marjal nm marsh, bog disseminated galena and pyrite | m. de marmaja nf [Méx] pyrite | [Col] pyrite or corrimento nappe | m. freático water-bearing bed marcasite | m. hidráulico water-bearing bed | m. negro marmita nf pothole | m. de gigante pothole | m. augite porphyry | m. pintador [Atacama, Ch] glacial kettle mineralized bed | m. sobreescurrido overthrust marmól nf marble | m. brecha brecciated marble manzana nf [Arg] a land measure (about 2.5 | m. brocatel spotted or veined marble | m. de acres) | [CAm] a land measure (about 1.75 puebla [Teocalli, Puebla, Méx] onyx marble | m. acres) estatuario or m. de estatuas statuary marble | m. mapa nm map | m. administrativo plat | m. básico lumaquela marble rich in shells | m. mexicano base map | m. de base base map | m. de lime alabaster | m. pintado spotted marble | m. superficie surface map | m. estructural structure rayado streaked marble | m. serpentino contour map | m. geológico geologic map | m. serpentine marble topográfico topographic map marmolete nm [Vz] a var limestone mapamiento,-ta adj mapping marmór nm marble | [Almadén, Sp] melaphyre mapoteca nf map archive marna nf [Arg] marl mápula nf [Popayán, Col] a precious stone marquesita nf marcasite maquila nf [Bol] smelting charges, smelting toll masa nf mass of metal or ore | irregular deposit maquina diamantina nf [Bol] diamond drill | sedimentary deposit | m. blanda soft, semi- consolidated sediment such as clay or coal | m. M-3

del criadero vein filling | m. dura quartzose medidor nm meter | m. de pH pH meter consolidated sediment | m. echada irregular medio nm middle | mean deposit more or less stratiform | m. filonía ore medioambiente nm environment shoot | m. firme quartzose consolidated medir vtr to measure sediment | m. floja soft sediment such as sand megafósil nm macrofossil, megafossil or peat | m. fundida melt | m. levantada megascópico,-ca adj megascopic irregular deposit discordant with bedding | m. melaconisa nf tenorite movizada soft sediment | m. muy duro or muy meláfido nm melaphyre (obs, basalt) firme very hard rocks such as chert, granite, meláfiro nm melaphyre gneiss, etc. | m. quebrizada consolidated, clayey melanocrático,-ca adj melanocratic sediments | m. suelta soft, unconsolidated melita nf mellite sediment membrana nf membrane masicote nm masicot memoría nf report, record | [Méx] payroll (at a masivo,-va adj massive mine) mata nf [met] matte | matas de oro [Col] bunches mena nm vein of ore | ore in general | m. bruto of gold ore or crudo raw ore | m. de los pantanos bog iron matar un pozo vtr to kill a well ore | m. grueso ore in large lumps | m. recio matatena nf [Méx] pebble, cobble massive ore mate adj unpolished | slaked mención nf record matera nf [Col] mine in which gold is found in mensura nf survey | m. con brújula Brunton bunches or matas de oro Brunton survey | m. con estadia stadia survey materia nf material | matter | overburden | m. mensurado,-da adj surveyed bituminosa kerabitumin | m. estéril barren mensurar vtr to survey material mercader nm merchant, dealer | m. de plata material nm material | m. en bruto raw material large-scale dealer in silver | m. estéril overburden mercúrico,-ca adj mercuric matloquita nf matlockite mercurio nm mercury | mercury ore | m. matriz nf matrix, gangue | m. de las variancas- argental argental mercury | m. argénteo argental covariancas variance-covariance matrix mercury | m. córneo or dulce calomel | m. matutina nf morning vein hepático liver ore, hepatic cinnabar | m. nativo máximo nm high, upper part of a structure or native mercury anomaly | m. magnético magnetic high mercurioso adjm mercurous maxvelio nm Maxwell meridiano nm meridian mazamorra nf [Col] imperfect and accidental merma nf waste, loss in processing working meroédrico,-ca adj merohedral mazomorrear vtr [Col] to wash gold meroxeno nm meroxene mazut nm fuel oil mesa nf mesa, table mountain | principal facet meandro nm meander | m. abandonado of a precious stone | [Chañarcillo, Ch] smooth abandoned meander | m. de valle valley face of sterile limestone along the footwall of meander | m. libre free meander mineralized limestone | m. de concentración médano nm sand dune | sand bar | m. fijado concentrating table | m. de glaciares glacial table anchored dune | m. lateral shifting dune | m. | m. para lamas slime table ligado attached dune | m. ondulado stable sand meseta nf plateau | m. basáltica basalt plateau | hill | m. vivo active dune m. continental continental plateau media nf half | mean | m. aritmética arithmetic mesosfera nf mesosphere mean | m. armónica harmonic mean | m. barreta mesoroca nf mesorock [Bol, Pe] an irregular inclined shaft | m. caña | mesotipo nm mesotype m. cuadrática cuadratic mean | m. geométrica mesozoico,-ca adj Mesozoic | nm Mesozoic geometric mean | m. móvil moving average | mesozona nf mesozone m. pepena [Méx] medium quality ore | m. vida metal nm metal | alloy | ore (in colonial times half-life metal was the usual term for ore and was not mediana nf median used for refined metals) | m. acopolado [San M-4

Alto, Méx] fine yellow cassiterite obtained by ore | m. plomoso reluciente silver-bearing lead washing tierras | [Sultepec, Méx] ore ore | m. polvorilla argentite | m. regular average containing 50 to 60 ounce per ton silver | m. grade ore | m. verde embolite | [Méx] silver ore amarillo calaverite | m. antimonioso [Huitzuco, with copper carbonates, oxides and sulfides | Méx] livingstonite | m. azul galena | m. azul de m. virgen native metal plata silver-bearing galena | [Almadén, Sp] rich metalada nf [Méx] a discovery of ore in a mercury ore | m. azulado selbite | m. barreteado previously unproductive working ore freshly cut from a working face and yet to metálico,-ca adj metallic be sorted and crushed | m. blanco cerargyrite | metalífero,-ra adj metalliferous m. calichoso [Méx] feldspathic ore | m. cálido metalización nf metallization [Ch] silver ore suitable for amalgamation by the metalogénesis nf metalligenesis tina process | m. caracol [Méx] spiraly wire metalogenético,-ca adj metallogenic silver | m. cenizo silver chloride | m. colgado metaloide nm metaloide [Ch] ore-in-sight, ore reserves | m. común third metalurgia nf metallurgy class or ordinary ore | m. corrido placer ore | m. metalúrgico,-ca adj metallurgical | nm de acarreo secondary ore | m. de ayuda flux | m. metallurgist de azogue ore amenable to amalgamation with metamíctico,-ca adj metamict mercury | m. de cazo [Méx] silver chloride ore | metamórfico,-ca adj metamorphic m. de cebo [Méx] very rich, direct reducing silver metamorfismo nm metamorphism | m. cáustico ore | m. de crudo [Pe] oxidized ore | m. de color regional metamorphism | m. de carga y descarga [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] oxidized copper ore | m. burial metamorphism | m. de contacto contact de correa [San Luis Potosí, Méx] ore of nearly metamorphism | m. de dislocación dynamic pure cassiterite | m. de fuego smelting ore | m. metamorphism | m. de presión burial de fundición smelting ore | m. de labores smalls metamorphism | m. dinámico dynamic from mine workings | m. de pie [Méx] ore metamorphism | m. general regional amenable to benificiation by the patio process of metamorphism | m. geotérmico thermal amalgamation | m. de pinta silver-bearing ore | metamorphism | m. regional regional m. de primera (clase) first-class ore | m. de quema metamorphism [Pe] sulphide ore | m. de segunda (clase) second metamorfosear vtr to metamorphose class ore | m. de tonel pyritic ore with little metano nm methane silver | m. despoblado [Méx] ore with much metasedimento nm metasediment gangue, low-grade ore | m. en barra bullion | metasomático,-ca adj metasomatic m. en bruto ore | m. en piedra crude, uncrushed metasomatismo nm metasomitism ore | m. flor surface ore | m. gabarro large, metasomatosis nf metasomatism coarse ore | first-class ore | large piece of slag metavulcánita nf metavolcanic | m. gráfico sylvanite | m. granza smalls | m. meteorito nm meteorite hierroso [Peras, Méx] masses of iron ore in meteorización nf weathering | m. diferencial cubical fragments | m. hecho selected ore, prill | differential weathering | m. física mechanical m. hojoso nagyagite | m. humiento [Guadalcázar, weathering | m. mecánica mechanical Méx] complex silver ore | m. jugoso [Méx] lead weathering | m. química chemical weathering ore | m. machacado native gold and silver leaf | meteorizado,-da adj weathered m. mogino [Guadalcázar, Méx] mixture of meteorizar vtr to weather argentiferous galena, argentite and silver método nm method, process | m. de encasdillado telluride | m. mosqueado [Taviches, Méx] square setting | m. de los momentos method of pyrargyrite disseminated in quartz matrix | m. moments | m. de monte carlo monte carlo nativo native metal | m. negro sphalerite [Cerro method de Pasco, Pe] sulfuretted copper ore | m. negro meteoro nm meteor argentífero tetrahedrite | m. noble free-milling metro nm meter | m. cuadrado cubic meter | m. ore | m. ordinario low-grade ore | m. pastoso cúbico cubic meter argentiferous galena | [Méx] bournonite | m. mezcla nf mixture, admixture, blend | mixing | pepena rich ore | m. plateado [Pe] ore of copper melange assaying about 60% copper | m. plomoso lead mezclable adj miscible M-5 mezclar vtr/pr to mix, admix milimetro nm millimeter mezcuitlatl nm opal milonita nf mylonite miargirita nf miargyrite milonitización nf mylonitization miarolítico,-ca adj miarolitic milla nf mile miascita nf miaskite (obs, nepheline syenite) millón nm [Méx] an ore pile mica nf mica | miner's term for small crystals of mimatesa nf mimetite pyrite | pyrrhotite | [Col] lead molybdate | m. mimetita nf mimetite blanca muscovite | m. caliza margarite | m. de mimetesita nf mimetite litio lepidolite | m. dilatada expanded mica | m. mimetismo nm mimetism ferrolítica zinnwaldite | m. negra biotite | m. mina nf mine | mineral deposit | ore | spring | parda phlogopite | m. potásica muscovite m. ahogada [Col] placer mine covered by an micáceo,-cea adj micaceous active landslide | m. alta [Col] placer mine micacita nf mica schist situated above available water | m. amparada mica-pizarra nf mica schist mine maintained in posession by paying the micasquisto nm mica schist necessary fees but not necessarily worked | m. micela nf micelle antigua mine worked in Indian or Spanish micra nf micron colonial times | m. aurífera graphic tellurium | microbrecha nf microbreccia m. baja [Col] placer mine situated below microclástico,-ca adj microclastic available water | m. capotera [Col] shallow microclina nf microcline placer | m. cateada mining claim explored by microclino nm microcline catas or shallow shafts or pits | m. ciega [Bol] microcristalino adj microcrystalline abandoned working | m. cogollera [Col] mine microelemento nm trace element which was profitable when worked at the microestructura nf microstructure surface but became unprofitable once workings micro-filón nm veinlet, microvein were extended underground | m. colindante micromilímetro nm micron adjacent or bordering mine | m. de aluvión micrón nm micron placer | m. de arena sand pit | m. de balasto microperfil nf microlog ballast pit | m. de bronce bell-metal ore | m. de micropertita nf microperthite cacho [Col] placer mine where boulders are micropliegue nf microfold small enough to be removed by hand | m. de microregistro nm microlog capacho [Col] mine with spotty mineralization | microscopia nf microscopy m. de cerro [Col] mine on a hill top where water microscópico,-ca adj microscopic is scarce | m. de cueva [Col] placer covered by microscopio nm microscope | m. binocular large boulders | m. de grava gravel pit | m. de binocular microscope | m. estereoscópico invierno [Col] placer mine that can only be stereroscopic microscope | m. polarizante worked during the rainy season | m. de saca polarizing microscope [Col] placer mine that must be continuously microsísmico,-ca adj microseismic dewatered to be worked | m. de verano [Col] microsismo nm microseism mine that can only be worked during dry miche nm [Fresnillo, Méx] a ore of argentiferous season | m. despilado mine robbed of its pillars galena, sphalerite and pyrite | [Santa Cruz de | m. en labor working mine | m. hervida [Col] Alayá, Méx] any black amorphous mineral pay-dirt in a pothole | m. hullera coal mine | m. found in veins jornalera [Col] mine which covers costs but miembro nm member yields little profit | m. tonga mine that can be migmatita nf migmatite drained by gravity | m. de tope [Col] mine migmatización nf migmatization where gold is found in shoots but is otherwise migración nf migration | m. de los continentes barren | m. de transilvania graphic tellurium continental drift | m. primaria primary minado nm underground working, mining | migration | m. secundaria secondary migration mine working milibar nm millibar minador,-dora adj mining | nm miner miligramo nm milligram minal adj pertaining to a mine mililitro nm milliliter minar vtr to mine, undermine M-6 minera nf mine kuraka to make payments in lieu of sending mineraje nm mining mitayos to the mines) | m. repasiri Indian hired mineral adj mineral, ore to mix, ladle and trod ore in the patio process of mineral nm mineral, ore | spring | mine | amalgamation of silver ores mining district | m. a la vista ore in sight | m. minimo nm cut-off accesorio accessory mineral | [Méx] minio nm minium, red lead independent rural town whose principal minutas nfpl survey notes activity was mining | m. arrancado broken ore | mioceno,-na adj Miocene | nm Miocene m. bajo de ley low grade ore | m. beneficiable pay miocénico,-ca adj Miocene ore | m. cálido [Ch] silver ore suitable for miogeosinclinal nm miogeosyncline amalgamation by the tina process | m. de mira nf rod | m. de nivelación levelling rod | m. acarreo secondary ore | m. de alta ley high grade taquimétrica stadia rod ore | m. de azogue ore amenable to misisipiano,-na adj Mississippian amalgamation with mercury | m. de contacto misisípico,-ca adj Mississippian contact mineral | m. de coral cinnabar mispíquel nm mispickel, arsenopyrite contaminated by organic matter | m. de maquila mita nm Quechua word for "turn" which in the custom ore | m. de montaña ore disseminated in time of the Incas referred to a period of country rock (generally uneconomic) | m. mandatory public service; under the Spanish desmenuzado fine-grained ore | m. en rueda this evolved into the mita minera, a system of bournonite | m. filoniano gangue mineral | m. forced labor in the mines of Potosí, Cerro de gongorado [Col] vuggy ore | m. graso rich ore | Pasco and elsewhere in what is now Bolivia m. guía type mineral | m. índice index mineral | and Perú | [Bol] a day's work | m. mortiri m. intacto ore in place | m. neumatolítico service tending stamp mills used to crush silver pneumatolytic mineral | m. pesado heavy ore | m. nueva a new system of forced labor set mineral | m. piritoso pyritic ore | m. pobre low up by the Código Carolino in 1792 under grade ore | m. poroso honeycombed ore | m. regulations intended to improve the conditions recurrente | m. tipomorfo typomorphic mineral | under which mitayos served m. verde de plomo pyromorphite mitayo nm Indian serving his mita mineralización nf mineralization mixtura nf mixture, blend mineralizador,-dora adj mineralizing moco nm iron scoria, slag | m. de hierro [El mineralizar vtr to mineralize Caratal, Vz] brown iron ore, occuring as mineralogía nf mineralogy ferruginous conglomerate, sandstone, breccia mineralógico,-ca adj mineralogical or pisolitic iron ore and is considered to be an mineralogista nm or f mineralogist indicator of gold mineralization mineraloide nm mineraloid mocoruña nm Indian serving his first mita in a minería nf art and science of mining | mining | mine, i.e. a "greenhorn" m. chica small mines | m. hidráulica hydraulic mocheta blanca nf [Pachuca, Méx] rhyolitic tuff mining, hydraulicking | m. mediana medium- used as building stone size mines | m. pequeña small mines | gran m. mocheta morada nf [Pachuca, Méx] dacite used large mines as building stone minero,-ra adj mineral | mining, pertaining to moda nf mode mining | economía minera mineral economics modelo nm model | m. aleatorio random model | minero nm miner | mine | mineral deposit | m. de crecimiento growth model | m. determinista [Bol, Pe] mine owner | [Potosí, Bol] mine deterministic model | m. estocástico stochastic foreman model mineta nf little mine | minette modo nm mode, manner | m. de yacer mode of minga nm [Bol, Pe] hired Indian labor (this occurrence should not be construed as indication that módulo nm modulus | m. de preción modulus of mingas were free laborers since most were precision | m. de volumen bulk modulus | m. de employed to pay off debts owed to their Young Young modulus employers or were obliged to work on behalf of mofeta nf mofette their kurakas with their pay being used by the M-7 mogote nm [Pe] surficial, outcropping portion of estoverca stockwork | m. recto a wide vein an ore deposit connecting stratiform and non-stratiform mogrollo nm [Méx] silver sulfide ore deposits mojón nm claim corner, monument morado,-da adj violet, purple mojona nf land survey morallión nf [Col] an inferior emerald mojonamiento nm monumentation morena nf moraine | m. basal ground moraine | mojonar vtr to set monuments m. central medial moraine | m. de ablación mol nm mole ablation moraine | m. de fondo ground moraine, molaridad nf molarity basal moraine | m. de kames kame moraine | m. molasa nf limey sandstone | molasse depositada deposited moraine | m. interna molde nf mold | m. de carga load mold ground moraine | m. en movimiento moving moldura de rompiente nf cove moraine | m. frontal terminal moraine | m. mole nm large mass of rock | [chem] mole | lateral lateral moraine | m. superior surface [Col] galena | ores or concentrates consisting moraine | m. terminal end or terminal moraine mostly of galena morénico,-ca adj morainic, morainal molecúla nf molecule moreno,-na adj brown moledor nm grinder, mill morfoestructural adj morphostructural moledora nf grinder, mill morfogénesis nf morphogenesis molejón nm [Cuba] reef | ridge of rock morfografía nf morphography moler vtr to grind, comminute morfología nf morphology molibdato nm molybdate morfotectónica nf morphotectonics molibdenita nf molybdenite moro,-ra adj color of red wine molibdeno nm molybdenum moromoro nm [Moquegua, Pe] argillaceous rock molienda nf grinding, crushing | m. con pisones morrillo nm cobble, boulder stamp milling morro nm a conical or pyramidal hill molinera nf [Sierra Almagrera, Sp] siderite mortiri nm an Indian serving his mita tending molino nm mill | ore sent to a mill | [Col] stamps used to crush silver ore alluvial material that collects in a ground sluice mosca nf [Méx] spot of black ore, usually silver | m. glaciar ice mill | m. de mazos stamp mill sulfide, in quartz matrix molonque nm [Méx] silver ore in which silver mosor nm monadnock sulfides predominate over gangue | m. mosqueado,-da adj spotted relumbroso stephanite moteado,-da adj mottled moloquita nf dull green variety of agate movilización nf mobilization monacita nf monazite movimiento nm movement | m. bascular monoclinal nm monocline oscillation | m. de masas mass movement | m. monoclínico,-ca adj monoclinic epirogenético epirogenetic movement | m. montaña nf mountain | country rock | m. de eustático eustatic movement | m. orogenético cobijadura overthrust mountain | m. de orogenesis plegamiento folded mountain | m. troncal moya nf volcanic clay truncated upland muela nf hillock monte nm mountain | m. isla | m. residual muera nf salt-water or brine monadnock muestra nf sample | specimin | m. alzada a mano montera nf outcrop | [Huelva, Sp] gossan | grab sample | m. de pared core sample | m. overburden on placer deposits sesgada biased sample montiano,-na adj Montian muestrador nm sampler | m. de núcleos core monticelita nf monticellite sampler | m. de testigos core sampler montículo nm hillock, monticule muestrario nm sampling by core drilling montiense adj Montian muestreo nm sampling montmorillonita nf montmorillonite muestro nm sampling | m. múltiple multiple or montón nm heap or pile | pile of ore | [Méx] a repetitive sampling | m. secuencial sequential measure of weight | [Col] irregular deposit | sampling m. acostada stratiform deposit | m. estrelazado or M-8 mulata nf [Col] well rounded quartz grains that muñon nm mullion accompany gold in placers muro nm sole | footwall | m. colgante hanging mulato nm dark green or coppery green silver wall ore | [Pe] silver oxysulfide ore | [Atacama, Ch] muscovita nf muscovite silver sulfide ore below paco and above negrillo muy minado,-da adj honeycombed or dog holed multicolinealidad nf multicollinearity with workings multicolor adj multicolored

N-1

N sulfarsenate and antimonate ore | [Caracoles, Ch] complex sulfiodide-sulfchloride-sulfide- carbonate silver-lead ore | [Huelva, Sp] copper nacarado,-da adj pearly, nacreous rich ore | [Hualgáyoc, Pe] dark mixture of nacarar vtr to give a pearly luster to copper, iron and manganese oxides nacarita nf kaolinite negro,-ra adj black | nm black | [Ch, Pe] dark naciente nm rising | east | nmpl headwaters | colored caliche | [Guadalcázar, Méx] lead-grey, [Col] outcroppings hepatic cinnabar | [Méx] silver-rich nacimiento nm spring or source | headwaters | tetrahedrite | [Méx] silver ore with a high n. de un río head of a river galena content | [Fresnillo, Méx] finely nafta nf crude oil (obs) | naptha | [Arg] gasoline disseminated native silver and argentite in a | [Vz] high octane gasoline pyrite matrix | [Charcas, Méx] silver ore naftalina nf naphthalene consisting of sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, nafteina nf naphthine (a fossil wax) and chalcopyrite | n. de carbono carbon black | naftina nf napthene n .de humo lamp black | n. de plomo graphite nagiagita nf nagyagite negro-negro nm [Col] a black micaceous schist naife nm uncut diamond that hosts weathered out and hence barren namaqualita nf cyanotrichite silver veins namuriano,-na adj Namurian negrueco,-ca adj blackish, darkish namurense adj Namurian | nm Namurian neis nm gneiss | n. agmatítico agmatic gneiss | n. nanofósil nf nannofossil de ojos augen gneiss | n. filoniano aldergneiss | nanosegundo nm nanosecond n. glandular augen gneiss nantoquita nf nantokite néisico,-ca adj gneissic napa nf plate | aquifer | n. artesiana artesian nematoblástico,-ca adj nematoblastic aquifer | n. cautiva confined groundwater | n. Nemausense nm Nemausian, Valanginien colgada perched aquifer | n. de agua subterránea neme nm [Col] manganese oxide water table | n. rebajada lowered groundwater neoautóctono nm neoautochthon napoleanita nf corsite neoblasto nm neoblast naranja adj orange | n. claro light orange neoceno,-na adj Neogene narí nf nari (var of caliche) Neócico nm Neocomian nariz nf nose (of a fold) neocomiano,-na adj Neocomian narria nf a type of sledge neocomiense adj Neocomian | nm Neocomian nata nf slag | [Méx] litharge neocristalización nf neocrystallization nativo,-va adj native neocrístico,-ca adj neocryst natroborocalcita nf ulexite neocrísto nm neocryst natrofilita nf natrophilite neodimio nm neodymium natrofosfato nm natrophosphate neoéspato nm neospar navaja nf pocket knife neoformación nf neogenesis nebraskiense adj Nebraskan neogénico,-ca adj neogenic nefelina nf nepheline neógeno,-na adj Neogene | nm Neogene nefelinita nf nephelinite neoglaciación nf neoglaciation nefelinitoide nm nephelinitoid neohexano nm neohexane nefelino nm nepheline neomineralización nf neomineralization nefelita nf nepheline neomorfismo nm neomorphism nefeloide adj nepheloid neoporfirítico,-ca adj neoporphyritic nefinolíto nm nephinolith neosomo nm neosome nefrita nf jade, nephrite | nephritoid neotectónico,-ca adj neotectonic | nm nefrítico,-ca adj jade, nephritic neotectonics negativo,-va adj negative neotipo nm neotype negrillo nm native silver black in color | neovolcánico,-ca adj neovolcanic stephanite | dark colored copper-silver ore | neozoico,-ca adj Quaternary [Arg, Méx] argentite | [Bol, Ch] complex silver neptunio nm neptunium N-2 nerítico,-ca adj neritic nitro nm nitrate | niter, saltpeter | n. de chile nerviense adj Nervian | nm Nervian soda niter | n. potásico potash niter | n. sódico nesofítico,-ca adj diabasic, nesophitic soda niter nesosilicato nm nesosilicate nitrógeno nm nitrogen neudeckense adj Neudeckian | nm Neudeckian nitroso,-sa adj nitrous neumatógeno,-na adj pneumatolytic nitruro nm nitride neumatolítico,-ca adj pneumatolytic nivación nf nivation neumatolosis nf pneumatolysis nivel nm level, height | level (tool) | [Santander, neutroviscoso,-sa adj viscous neutral Sp] bed of calamine, worked as benches in a neuvizense adj Oxfordian | nm Oxfordian quarry | n. de agrimensor surveyor's level | n. nevadiense adj Nevadan de(l) agua water level | n. de agua freática water nevado adj snow-covered | nm firnfield, névé | table | n. de arrastre haulage level | n. de base snowcapped mountain, mountain with base level | n. de burbuja spirit level | n. de perpetual snow confianza confidence level | n. de creciente flood nevero nm perrenial snowcap or snowfield water level | n. de erosión | n. de la galería adit neviza nf firn, névé level | n. de explotación working level | n. de niagariense adj Niagaran extracción hoisting level, winding level | n. de nicle nm a var of chalcedony with some bands fluido fluid level (in a well) | n. de la napa darker than others freática phreatic water level | n. de rebanada slice nicol nm nicol | nicoles cruzados crossed nicols level | n. de saturación level of saturation | n. de nicolita nf niccolite, nicolite, nickeline suelo ground level | n. del mar sea level | n. nicopirita nf pentlandite esférico spherical level | n. estático static water nicho nm niche | n. de nivación nivation hollow level | n. estructural structural stage | n. fondo | n. de rompiente [geomorph] cove grade level | n. freático water table | n. nidada or nida de oro nf nest of gold hidráulico level of saturation | n. hidrostático nido nm pocket (of ore) | nest (of minerals) (ground)water level | hydrostatic level | n. niega nf [Cartagena, Sp] sterile portion of a vein iluvial illuvial horizon | n. inferior lower level | nieve nf snow | n. penitente penitent, sun spike | n. intermediario Intermediate level | n. n. pulverulenta powdery snow intermedio blind level | n. medio del mar mean nife nm earth's inner core, nife, sial sea level | n. paralelo parallel heading | n. nifesima nf earth's inner core piezométrico hydraulic gradient | piezometric níkel nm nickel level | n. principal Main level | n. superior niobio nm niobium upper level | al mismo n. at the same level | al niobofilita nf niobophyllite n. de on a level with | a n. level níquel nm nickel | nickel ore | n. arsénical nivelación nf leveling, aplanation niccolite | n. blanco chloanthite | n.-hierro nivelador,-dora adj levelling | nm or nf leveller nickel-iron nivelar vtr to level, survey (topographic niquelhexahidrita nf nickelhexahydrite mapping) niquelífero,-ra adj nickel-bearing, nickeliferous niveles nmpl water-bearing strata niquelina nf nickeline, niccolite niveleta nf levelling staff niquelocre nm annabergite no alterado,-da adj unaltered nitral nm nitrate bed or deposit | nitrate works no asfáltico,-ca adj nonasphaltic nitratina nf soda niter, nitratite, caliche nobelio nm nobelium nitratita nf soda niter, nitratite, caliche nobleza nf richness (of ore) nitrato nm nitrate | n. de amonio ammonium nocerita nf fluoborite nitrate | n. de chile saltpeter | n. de potasio no concordancia nf nonconformity potassium nitrate | n. de sodio sodium nitrate | nochistle nm [Méx] chalcopyrite | [Tasco, Méx] n. sódico sodium nitrate proustite nitrera nf nitrate bed or deposit | nitrate works nódulo nm nodule | [Col] ore shoot | n. nitrería nf niter bed | nitrate reduction works ferruginoso ferruginous nodule | n. ferrífero ball nítrico,-ca adj nitric ironstone nitrificación nf nitrification noduloso,-sa adj nodular N-3 no estratificado,-da adj unstratified northfieldita nf esmeraldite no explorado,-da adj unexplored noseanolíto nm noseanolith no explotado,-da adj unexploited, unworked nosena nf nosean, noselite no ferroso,-sa adj nonferrous Notosilopeano nm [Patagonia, Arg] a local age no indurado,-da adj not indurated at the base of the Miocene nolí nm [Col] antimony oxysulphide derived by novaculítico,-ca adj novaculitic oxidation of stibnite novato nf worker with no experience in drilling no metálico nm nonmetallic wells, "boll weevil" nomogramo nm nomograph nube nm cloud | n. ardiente ash flow | n. de no polar adj non-polar cenizas ash cloud noque nm [Ch] large stone receptacle for núcleo nm nucleus | core | [Río Tinto, Sp] calicining ores | stone through which amalgam nodule of copper ore | n. antiguo shield | n. is washed in the patio process | [Pe] canvas atómico atomic nucleus | n. de la tierra earth's sack used to recover mercury from amalgam core | n. de pliegue arch core | n. del sinclinal nordfieldita nf esmeraldite trough core | n. mineralizado ore shoot | n. no renovable adj nonrenewable terrestre earth's core | n. testigo drill core norfolkense adj Norfolk | nm Norfolk nucleogénesis nf nucleogenesis noria nf chain of buckets used to dewater mines nudo nm kink | knot of ore, etc. | junction of | water wheel used to dewater mines two mountain ranges noriano,-na adj Norain nudoso,-sa adj knotty, bunchy noriense adj Norian nuevita nf samarskite norilsquita nf norilskite nuevoleoniense adj Nuevoleonian norma nf norm | pattern numérico,-ca adj numerical normalización nf normalization número nm number | n. al azar random number normalizar vtr to normalize (math) | n. atómico atomic number | n. de octano octane normativo,-va adj normative number norte nm north | n. de brújula compass north | n numulítico,-ca adj Paleogene magnético magnetic north | n. verdadero true nusco nm [Amazonas, Pe] gold-bearing iron and north manganese oxide-talc-quartz ore

O-1

O tungsteno tungstite | o. marcial limonite | o. negro wad | o. plomífero massicot, litharge | o. rojo red ocher | o. tungsteno tungstite, obdución nf obduction ferrotungstite obispo nm [Calif] condensed oil extracted from ocroíta nf cerite some crude oils | [Ch] caliche with a purplish ocrolita nf nadorite hue octaédrico,-ca adj octahedral objectivo nm objective, objective lens octaédrita nf octahedrite (meteorite) | anatase oblicuo,-cua adj oblique (mineral) oblongo,-ga adj oblong octaedro nm octahedron obra nf work, labor | piece of work | obra de octafilíta nf octaphyllite desfrute workings in ore | obra muerta dead octano m octane workings, workings in barren rock oculto,-ta adj occult obrador nm workman, labororer ochava nf two adarmes or 72 granos obradora nf [Méx] rock that breaks easily (o. ochoense adj Ochoan buena) or or with difficulty (o. mala) when ochran nm [Oravieza, Sp] a yellow clay worked oerstedio nm oersted obrajero nm foreman, overseer oficalcita nf ophicalcite obrero nm worker, laborer | o. minero Mine oficarbonato nm ophicarbonate worker | o. sondista roughneck oficina nf [Pe, Ch] nitrate works | [Méx] furnace obrizo,-za adj pure, refined used to retort mercury | o. de beneficio mill | o. obrizo nm fine gold de concentración concentrator | o. de fundición obsecuente adj obsequent smelter observación nf remark | observation | ofiolita nf ophiolite observaciones aparejadas paired observations ofiolítico,-ca adj ophiolitic observado,-da adj observed ofita adj ophite obsidiana nf obsidian | o. de pénjamo a var of ofítico,-ca adj ophitic obsidian highly valued by natives of México ohmio nm ohm obsidianita nf obsidianite (obs tektite) oikocrist nm oikocryst obstáculo intermedio nm stable zone between oitava nf [Méx] a weight of approximately 17.5 mobile belts carats obstruido,-da adj obstructed | [Bol] blocked out ojiva nf ogive (ore) ojo nm small irregular bunch of ore | (SWUS) obturación nf obturation, filling very small lake, pond | o. de agua spring obtusángulo nm obtuse angle discharging on a plain | o. de gato cat's eye, a obtuso,-sa adj obtuse variety of agate | o. de muerto [Cauca, Col] a occidental adj occidental, of inferior quality porphyry with large white porphyroblasts | o. (gems) de pavo real a var marble | o. de perdiz finely- ocelar adj ocellar crystalline galena | o. de pescado a var of ocelo nm ocellus apohyllite | o. de polvillo patch of rich ore | o. de oclusión nf occlusion, absorption tigre tiger's eye | o. de víbora [Zacatecas, Méx] ocre adj ocherous | nm ocher | o. almagro red yellow sphalerite | o. termal hot spring ocher | o. amarillo (de hierro) yellow ocher, olefina nm olefin limonite | o. antimonial antimony ocher, olenekiense adj Olenkian stibconite, cervantite | o. azul blue ocher, oleoducto nm pipeline azurite | o. colorado red ocher | o. de antimonio Olenense nm Potsdam antimony ocher | o. de Armenia a dark red clay Olenidense nm Potsdam from Lemnos, Greece | o. de búcares an orange- oligisto nm specular hematite | o. micáceo red ocher from Portugal | o. de cobre malachite micaceous iron ore | o. rojo hematite | o. de hierro paint rock | o. de manganeso wad | oligocénico,-ca adj Oligocene o. de montaña red ocher | o. de níquel oligoceno,-na adj Oligocene | nm Oligocene annabergite | o. de plomo cerussite | o. de oligoclasa nf oligoclase O-2 oligoclasita nf oligoclasite (obs, variety of simétrica symmetric ripple mark | o. transversa diorite) transverse ripple mark oligoelemento nm trace element ónice nm onyx | ó. de Argelia calcite stalagtite or oligofiro nm oligophyre (obs, variety of diorite) stalagmite oligomíctico,-ca adj oligomictic ónique nm onyx oligopélico,-ca adj oligopelic ónix adj onyx | nm onyx | o. Méxicano alabaster oligosita nf oligoclasite (obs, variety of diorite) onokoide nm onokoid oligotrofía nf oligotrophy onondagiense adj Onondagan oligotrófico,-ca adj oligotrophic Ontariano nm Ontarian olisoglifo nm olistoglyph onza nf ounce olistrostroma nf olistrostrome ooide nm ooid olivina nf olivine impr oofásmico,-ca adj oophasmic olivinita nf olivinite oolita nf oolite | o. férrica oolitic iron ore, minette olivino nm olivine oolítico,-ca adj oolitic olivinoide nm olivinoid oolitización nf oolithization olla nf whirlpool | [Méx] slag pot | [Sp] cirque oolito nm oolith | o. de gigante pot hole | o. de remolineo pot hole oolitoide nm oolitoid ollero nm [Méx] a worker who handles slag pots ooloide nm ooloid olleta nf [Antioqua, Col] pot-holes in bedrock of oovoide nm oovoid placers opacidad nf opacity ollo de sapo nm [Sp] augengneiss opacita nf opacite ombrogénuo,-nua adj ombrogenous opaco,-ca adj opaque omfacita nf omphacite opalado,-da adj opalized omisión nf [strat] omission opalescencia nf opalescence onda nf wave (electromagnetic or sonic) | o. opalescente adj opalescent acustica acoustic wave | o. de explosión opalino,-na adj opalescent, opal, opaline | nf detonation wave | o. longitudinal longitudinal opaline wave | o. parasita de superficie ground roll | o. opalizado,-da adj opalized reflejada reflected wave | o. refractada refracted ópalo nm opal | ó. común common opal | ó. de wave | o. sísmica siesmic wave | o. sonora fuego fire opal | ó. de madera wood opal | ó. sound wave | o. superficial surface wave | o. dorado fire opal | ó. fino fine opal | ó. jaspeado transversal transverse wave | o. trasmisora jaspopal | ó. lechoso milk opal carrier wave operario nm working miner ondeante adj undulating operación nf operation óndula nf [Arg] ripple | ó descendente downslope operacional adj [strat] operational ripple | ó incompleta star ripple operador,-dora nm/f operator ondulación nf undulation | [Sp] ripple | ripple opisometro nm opisometer mark | o. asimétrica asymmetric ripple mark | opoca nf Opoka o. conjugada compound ripple mark | o. de cauce optálico,-ca adj optalic, caustic ripple scour | o. de interferencia cross-ripple | o. óptica nf optics | ó critalográfica optical de resaca backwash ripple mark | o. linguloide crystallography cuspate or linguloid ripple mark | o. simétrica óptico,-ca adj optic, optical symmetric ripple mark | o. transversa optimación nf optimization | o. en la recuperación transverse ripple mark de petróleo enhanced oil recovery ondulado,-da adj undulate, undulated opuesto,-ta adj opposite ondulante adj undulating oquedad nf pore, cavity, vug | channel of ondulita nf [Arg] ripple mark | o. asimétrica communication between orebodies asymmetric ripple mark | o. conjugada orbiculo nm orbicule compound ripple mark | o. de cauce ripple órbita nf orbit scour | o. de resaca backwash ripple mark | o. orden nm order | o. de cristalización order of linguloide cuspate or linguloid ripple mark | o. crystallization ordenación nf [Sp] data processing O-3

Ordenanzas de Minería nfpl mining laws with a gold-like or metallic color, fool's gold | introduced to México in 1784 and remaining o. de lavadero gold that can be panned or in effect until the código de minas of 1884 washed | o. de ley fine gold | o. de molino gold Ordenanzas de Nueva España nfpl mining laws obtained in trunking | o. de monte [Col] gold in force in Perú from 1786 to 1900 from the mines of Angostura, Antioquia (distal Ordenanzas del Nuevo Cuaderno nfpl mining placer gold deposits) | o. de Nagyag nagyagite | law established by King Phillip II of Spain o. de recogida [Col] a lot of gold obtained from ordoñezita nf ordonezite several mines | o. de veta vein gold | o. Ordovicense nm Ordovician empolvado gold dust | o. en barras gold bullion | ordoviciano,-na adj Ordovician o. en hojas gold leaf | o. en panes gold leaf | o. en ordovícico,-ca adj Ordovician | nm Ordovician pasta gold bullion | o. en polvo gold dust | o. orelliense adj Orellan filoniano vein gold | o. fino [Col] distal placer orfeíta nf orpheite gold | o. greda [Vz] placer gold | o. guañín gold organal nm [Col] gold-bearing gravels under legal standard | o. libre free gold | o. intercalated with boulders and cobbles mate unpolished gold | o. molido a mano gold rendering exploitation difficult obtained by hand grinding | o. moscorrofio [Col] orgánico,-ca adj organic wire gold found in placers | o. nativo native organigrama nm chart gold | o. negro [Vz] gold covered by iron oxide organógeno,-na adj organogenic and organic matter which will not amalgamate organometálico,-ca adj organometallic | o. niño [Col] float gold | o. paradójico native organosedimentario,-ria adj organosedimentary tellurium | o. puro fine gold | o. refinado refined orientación nf direction | orientation | o. gold | o. verde gold of a greenish color | o. preferencial preferred orientation virgen gold bullion oriental adj oriental, genuine (gems) oroclino nm orocline orientación nf orientation orocrático,-ca adj orocratic orientado,-da adj oriented oroche nm [Méx] bullion containing both gold orientar vtr to orient and silver | o. natural electrum oriente nm orient (gems) orogen nm orogenic belt orificio nm opening orogénesis nm mountain building, orogenesis, orilla nf river bank | shore (sea or lake) | edge, orogeny side | selvage | rim | o. cóncava concave bank orogenético,-ca adj orogenetic | o. convexa convex bank | o. de arcilla or de orogenia nf mountain building, orogenesis, barro clay selvage | o. de deslizamiento landslide orogeny scar or terrace orogénico,-ca adj orogenic orillo nm selvage orógeno nm orogenic belt, orogen orín nm rust orogeosinclinal nm orogeosyncline oriskaniense adj Oriskanian orografía nf orography orito nm [Col] color, traces of gold found in a orográfico,-ca adj orographic gold pan orometría nf orometry orizita nf epistilbite oropimente nm orpiment orla nf border, fringe | o. continental continental oropión nf a soft, brown or reddish black clay borderland | o. freática capillary fringe oroseíta nf iddingsite oro nm gold | o. argental copper-bearing ortita nf orthite, allanite electrum | o. bajo gold ore of low grade | o. ortoanfíbol nm orthoamphibole batito beaten gold | o. blanco white gold | o. ortoandesita nf orthoandesite (obs, blanco de Colombia amalgam | o. bruto gold orthopyroxene andesite) bullion | o. corrido [Ch] placer gold | o. crespo ortobituminoso,-sa adj orthobituminous [Col] distal placer gold | o. cristalizado natural ortobromita nf embolite crystal of gold | o. de aluvión placer gold | o. de ortocaliza nf ortholimestone barranca [Col] gold from the cerros of Santa Rosa ortoclasa nf orthoclase | o. de escama [Col] spangle gold | o. de espuma ortoclasita nf orthoclasite (obs, granite, syenite) [Col] float gold | o. de gato (de los gatos) biotite ortoclino nf orthocline O-4 ortoclorita nf orthoclorite osipita nf ossipite (obs, var of troctolite) ortoconglomerado nm orthoconglomerate osmio nm osmium ortocronología nf orthocronology osmiridio nm osmiridium ortocrísotil nm orthchrysotile ostrácodo nm ostracod ortocuarcita nf orthoquartzite otajanita nf ottajanite (obs, leucite trachybasalt) ortocuarcítico,-ca adj orthoquartzitic oulofolita nf oulofolite, cave flower ortodolomía nf orthodolostone ovillo nm skein | en forma de o. tangle-shaped, orto-eje nm orthoaxis tangled-up ortoesquisto nm orthoschist ovoide adj ovoid, oviform, egg-shaped ortoestratigrafía nf orthostratigraphy ovoideo,-da adj ovoid, oviform, egg-shaped ortofelsita nf orthophyre oviforme adj oviform, ovoid, egg-shaped ortofírico,-ca adj orthophyric oxalita nf humboldtine ortófiro nm orthophyre (obs) oxamita nf oxammite ortogeosinclinal nm orthogeosyncline oxfordiano,-na adj Oxfordian ortogneis nm orthogneiss oxfordense adj Oxfordian | nm Oxfordian ortogonal adj orthagonal oxibasiofítico,-ca adj oxybasiophitic ortográfico,-ca adj orthographic oxicloruro nm oxychloride | o. de cobre ortogranito nm kaligranite atacamite ortohídrico,-ca adj orthohydrous oxidación nf oxidation, oxidizing ortolignítico,-ca adj ortholigneous oxidadante adj oxidizing ortomagmático,-ca adj orthomagmatic oxidar vtr to oxidize ortomarmól nm orthomarble oxidato nm oxidate ortomatriz nf orthomatrix oxidita nf oxidite, shale-ball ortométrico,-ca adj orthometric óxido nm oxide | ó. cúprico tenorite | ó. de calcio ortomímico,-ca adj orthomimic quicklime | ó. de cinc calamine, zincite | ó. de ortomórfico,-ca adj orthomorphic, conformal circonio baddeleyite | ó. de cobre cuprite, ortomorfismo nf orthomorphism, conformality tenorite | ó. de estaño cassiterite | ó de hierro ortoneis nf orthogneiss iron oxide | ó .de manganeso manganese oxide, ortopiroxenita nf orthopyroxenite pyrolusite | ó. de mercurio hydrargyrite | ó. de ortopiroxeno nm orthopyroxene paladio paladite | ó. de titano titanium dioxide | ortorroca nf orthorock ó. de urano uraninite | ó. de zinc zinc oxide | ó. ortorrómbico,-ca adj orthorhombic férrico ferric oxide | ó. hidratado hydrated oxide ortosa nf orthoclase | o. descompuesta kaolinized | ó. rojo de cinc zincite orthoclase | o. sódica sanidine oxigenado,-da adj oxygenated ortosilicato nm orthosilicate oxígeno nm oxygen ortosita nf orthosite oxihornblenda nf oxyhornblende, basaltic ortotéctico,-ca adj magmatic hornblende ortotectonismo nm orthotectonics, alpinotype oximagnita nf oxymagnite, maghemite tectonics oximesostasis nf oxymesostasis oruga nf bulldozer, caterpillar tractor, "cat" oxiofítico,-ca adj oxyophitic oscilación nf oscillation oxisfera nf oxisphere oscilar vtr to oscillate oxoferrita nf oxoferrite osificación nf ossification Ozarkense nm Ozarkian (obs) osificar vtr to ossify ozoquerita nf ozocerite, native parrafin osificarse vpr to become ossified

P-1

P paleoautoctono nm paleoautochthon paleobatimétrico,-ca adj paleobathymetric paleobotánica nf paleobotany pabellón nm pavilion (of a precious stone) paleocanal nm paleochannel paco nm [Bol, Pe] gossan, oxidized or partly paleocarst nm paleokarst oxidized ore of a reddish color | [Ch] silver paleocénico,-ca adj Paleocene chloride ore paleoceno,-na adj Paleocene | nm Paleocene pacoso,-sa adj [Pe] oxidized, gossany paleoclima nm paleoclimate pack nm pack ice paleoclimático,-ca adj paleoclimatic pachamanca nf [Pe] a small reverboratory paleoclimatolóico,-ca adj paleoclimatologic furnace paleoclimatología nf paleoclimatology pachapampa nf [Pe] ore cobbed from waste paleodrenaje nm paleodrainage pachas nfpl [Pe] gypsum paleoecuador nm paleoequator padrastal nm sterile vein cutting a mineralized paleofiro nm paleophyre (obs, andesite) vein paleofítico,-ca adj paleophytological padre del sal nm crystalline selenite paleofitología nf paleophytology padrón nm register of a denounced (filed) claim paleógeno,-na adj Paleogene | nm Paleogene pago nm payment | p en producción production paleogeografía adj paleogeography payment loan paleogeográfico,-ca adj paleogeographic paigeita nf vonsenite paleogeológico,-ca adj paleogeologic paila nf large pan | p. de amalgamación paleogeomorfología nf paleogeomorphology amalgamating pan paleohidrología nf paleohydrology país nm country | p. bajo flatland | p. marginal paleolatitudino nm paleolatitude borderland paleolimnología nf paleolimnology paisaje nm landscape paleolitológico,-ca adj paleolithologic paja quemada nf [Potosí, Bol] plumosite which paleomagnético,-ca adj paleomagnetic resembles burnt straw paleomagnetismo nm paleomagnetism pájaro minero nm [Vz] a species of bird which paleorelieve nm paleorelief was thought to be a sure indicator of placer paleontología nf paleontology gold paleontológico,-ca adj paleontological pajuela nf ore that glitters | pajuela de oro grains paleontólogo,-ga nm and nf paleontologist of gold paleosalinidad nf paleosalinity pala nf shovel | [Méx] treading of torta by foot paleosol nm paleosol | hard ground in the patio process of amalgamation of silver paleotectónico,-ca adj paleotectonic ores | p. de turbero peat cutter paleotermal adj paleothermal palacra or palacrana nf nugget of native gold | paleotermometría nf paleothermometry gold ingot paleotopofrafía nf paleotopography paladio nm palladium paleoviento nm paleowind paladioarseniuro nm palladioarsenide paleovolcánico,-ca adj paleovolcanic, pre- paladiobismutoarseniuro nm Tertiary palladiobismutharsenide paleovulcanología nf paleovolcanology palagonización nf palagonization paleozoico,-ca adj Paleozoic | nm Paleozoic palaita nf hureaulite palero nm shoveller palasita nf pallasite paleta nf small shovel | [Alicante, Sp] tool for palasomo nm palasome breaking up and lifting thin layers of palatiense adj Palatinian, Pfalzian precipitated salt paleador nm shoveller paletapa nf palstage paleaduro nm shovelling palevento nm palevent paleaje nm shovelling paligorskita nf palygorskite palear vtr to shovel palingénico,-ca adj palingenic paleoacuífero nm paleoaquifer palingénisis nf palingenesis paleoambiente nm paleoenvironment palinología nf paynology P-2 palinspático,-ca adj palinspastic papa nm nugget of native gold | nodule of any palita nf pallite, ferrian millesite mineral | [Arg] nodule of ulexite found in palmo nm one quarter of a vara saline marshes palse nm pingo paquete nm complex, series | p. de estratos palustre adj swampy sedimentary complex | p. de mantos series of palla nf a fixed amount of ore to be carried out overthrust sheets of a mine by an apiri during a workshift | [Bol, parabituminoso,-sa adj parabituminous Pe] hand sorted ore, hand sorting paracelsiano nm Paracelsian pallaco nm [Bol, Pe] a piece of ore found in paraclasa nf fault tailings or waste heaps | tailings paraconcordancia nf paraconformity pallador nm [Bol, Pe] ore sorter paraconcordente adj paraconformable pallaquear or pallar vtr to sort or pick pallacos paracrisotil nf parachrysotile from waste dumps | [Bol, Pe] to hand sort ore paracronología nf parachronology pallaqueo nm [Bol, Pe] hand-sorting of ore parada nf [Méx] work gang or crew, pare | p. a palliri nm a worker employed to sort ore la carga crew paid by the load | p. de busca crew (usually a woman) paid by proportion of ore worked | p. de fuelles pallón nm assay button small furnace for smelting siver ores | p. de pampa nf pampa, a grassy plain hacienda or de obra crew paid by the day worked panabás or panabasa nf [Pe] tetrahedrite, | p. rayada crew paid by eight hour shiftr tennantite worked panal de rosa nm [Amazonas, Pe] gold-bearing paradiagenético,-ca adj paradiagenetic quartz occuring in a stockwork (this ore was of paradiscordancia nf paraunconformity less value than nusco as it was more difficult to paraestratigrafía nf parastratigraphy extract and crush) paraestratigráfico,-ca adj parastratigraphic pandermita nf priceite parafina nf paraffin panetita nf panethite parafínico,-ca adj paraffinic panidiomorfo,-fa adj idiomorphic paragenético,-ca adj paragenetic panidiomorfo-granular adj idiomorphic parageosinclinal nm parageosyncline panino nm [Méx] country rock (classified by paragneis nm paragneiss miners according to strength: p muy blando rock paragón nm paragon (variety of diamond) easy to work but too soft to be timbered; p. paralelo,-la adj parallel | nm parallel | gallery blando soft rock that can and must be timbered; driven paralel to a main gallery p. favorable ordinary ground worked by drilling paraliageosinclinal nm paraliageosyncline and blasting; p. macizo and p. muy pacizo rock parálico,-ca adj paralic, marginal difficult or very difficult to work) | p. cenizo paralóctono nm parallochthon [Guadalcázar, Méx] clay stringers and pipes paramagnético,-ca adj paramagnetic resembling moist bone ash closely associated paramagnetismo nm paramagnetism with mercury mineralization paramento nm face of hewn stone paniso or panizo nm [Bol, Pe] altered rock, paramera nf desert | altiplano gangue, gouge | [Hualgáyoc, Pe] feldspathic paramétrico,-ca adj parametric gangue | [Pataz, Pe] argillized feldspar rich parámetro nm parameter rock associated with gold ore | [Ch, Pe] paramilla nf [Ch] low range of mountains trachytic country rock | p. ahuesado, ahumado or páramo nm altiplano verde [Chañarcillo, Pe] diabase sills intruding paramorfismo nm paramorphism limestone paramorfo nm paramorph pannoniense adj Pannonian paraóndula nf para-ripple pantalla nf [Bol] dike pararizadura nf para-ripple pantano nm swamp, marsh | depression where parasítico,-ca adj parasitic water collects paratectónico,-ca adj paratectonic | nm pantanoso,-sa adj swampy paratectonics, Germanotype tectonics paratelurita nf paratellurite paratipo nm paratype P-3 parautóctono,-na adj parautochthonous | nm [Sinaloa, Méx] coating of ore on a rock | [Méx] parautochthon amalgam of gold and silver | p. china silver paravan nm paravane ores in rounded pieces | p. morada silver ores paravolastonita nf parawollastonite purplish in color | p. mantecosa silver ores lead parcionero nm [Méx] partner in a mining gray in color, considered to be of inferior venture quality | p. negra black silver ores considered to parche nm patch of rock be of better quality | p. mixta silver bullion | p. parchetita nf parchettite (obs, leucite vitrea glass trachyandesite) pastoso nm [Asientos, Méx] high grade copper pardo,-da adj earth-colored, brown, grey ore pardo nm the color of earth | [Mex] oxidized ore pata de perro nf dog leg, deviation of a well | p blanquizo silver grey patente nf [Bol, Ch] an annual tax on mines pardusco,-ca adj earth-colorish, brownish, figured as a fixed rate per hectare or claim greyish paternoita nf kaliborite pared nf wall | side or wall of a vein patrón nm pattern, framework, as in el patrón paria nf [Pe] cinnabar estructural 'the structural pattern' | template pariente adj allied pátina nf patina | p. del tiempo weathering | p parogenético,-ca adj parogenetic desértica desert varnish paroxismo nm paroxysm patinación nf patination paroxisimo,-ma adj paroxysmal patio nm yard, court or floor used in the process parragón nm standard silver for assayers of beneficio de patio, a cold heap amalgamation parranthina nf scapolite method for extracting silver from ores invented parte nf part, share | p. bien mineralizada pay by Bartolomé de Medina at Pachuca, México in shoot | p. del propietario landowner royalty 1557 and introduced into Perú in 1574 | p. de participación nf share, interest | p. del amalgamation amalgamation floor concesionario working interest paurocristalino,-na adj paurocrystalline partícula nf particle | p. alfa alfa particle | p. beta pavonado,-da adj dark blue | blued, bronzed beta particle | p. gamma gamma particle | p. pavonado nm [Pe] tetrahedrite, (sometimes used libre free particle for tennanite, jamesonite, enargite, bournonite partidano nm [Cartagena, Sp] miner who works and other sulfarsenides and sulfantimonides of iron ore to a shallow depth only lead) | deeper, unoxidized silver ores, below partido nm [Méx] division of ores between the bronces, consisting of silver sulphides and owners, investors, workers, etc | portion of ore sulphoantimonates | p. fino malinowskite paid by miners to owners or by owners to pechblenda nf pitchblende miners pecho de paloma nm [Chacas, Pe] iron staining partidor nm ore sorter on the surface of coal seams partridgeita nf bixbyite pedernal nm flint | chert | [Pe] silver ore parva nf charge or mixture for a smelter consisting of iron oxide bearing quartzose parvero nm persons who mix charges for a sands smelting furnace pedimentación nf pedimentation pasadeniense adj Pasadenian pedimento,-ta adj pediment | nm pediment paseo de tierras nm transport on the backs of pedragal nm gravel bet | stony ground | quarry laborers pedregón nm[Ch] boulder pasivo,-va adj passive pedregoso,-sa adj stony, rocky paso nm pass | any underground passage, drift pedregullo nm gravel | p. de ladera [Arg] talus or gallery | linear measure equivalent to two pedrejal nm quarry footsteps | p. real main gallery pedrera nf quarry pasta nf paste | matrix, groundmass | [Bol] pedrería nf precious stones refractory ore | [Méx] silver ores of less than pedrero nm stone cutter | [Ch] stony ground high grade | [Ozamatlan, Méx] argentite | pedriscal nm stony or rocky ground [Guerrero, Méx, Ch] silver-rich tetrahedrite | pedrizo,-za adj stony, rocky | nf stony or rocky [Zacualpan, Méx] silver-bearing pyrite | ground | gravel bed | quarry P-4 pedrosita nf hornblendite pentano nm pentane pedrusco nm rough stone, boulder | [Méx] penutiense adj Penutian cobble peña nm boulder, rock | [Col] bed rock beneath pegadura nf dirt, mud, smudge, etc., found on a placer | [Col] country rock | p. desprendida the walls of old mines boulder | p. viva stone not yet quarried | p. pegmatita nf pegmatite hervida, caladora or picadora [Col] fissured pegmatítico,-ca adj pegmatitic bedrock in which placer gold has accumulated pegmatitización nf pegmatitization | p. mora [Col] red granite bedrock to a placer pegmatoide nm pegmatoid | p. subida [Col] soft bedrock to a placer | p. pegmatofírico,-ca adj granophyric falsa [Col] fragments of bedrock which, when pegmatofiro nm granophyre encountered in a placer, give the appearance of pegmatolita nf orthoclase having reached actual bedrock | p. sarabiada peladilla nf small quartz pebble [Col] gneiss | p. bobo [Col] shaley country rock pelágico,-ca adj pelagic in which veins are barren peleano,-na adj Peelean peñascal nm rocky ground pelítico,-ca adj pelitic peñasco nm large rock, boulder, crag | klippe | pelitomórfico,-ca adj pelitomorphic escarpment pelo nm opaque streak that mars gemstones | p. peñascoso,-sa adj rocky, craggy de venado [Chacas, Pe] stibnite in fine needles peñol nm large rock pelodita nf pellodite, pelodite peñón nm large rock | [Huelva, Sp] iron oxide peloide nm peloid bearing jasperoid found in manganese deposits pelolítico,-ca adj argillaceous peón nm common laborer | bull gang | p. de peltre nm spelter cuadrilla roustabout | p. suelto roustabout pella nf mass of native metal | amalgam peonaje nm work gang | work force (of a mine, produced by the patio process of amalgamating etc.) silver ore, well washed, squeezed and pressed pepa nf [Ch] nugget into sugarloaf-shaped mounds | p. fecal fecal pepena nf [Méx] hand cobbed ores | rich or pellet | p. natural native amalgam smelting ore | silver-bearing galena ore | ore pendiente nm slope, declivity | grade, gradient which mine laborers were permitted to extract | hanging wall, roof | pendant | p continental for their own benefit | [Huitzuco, Méx] high continental shelf grade mercury ore, 10 to 12% mercury | medio pendulo nm plum bob p. medium grade ore peneconcordante adj peneconcordant pepenado,-da adj [Méx] hand cobbed penecontemporáneo,-nea adj pepenador,-dora nm/f cobber, ore sorter penecontemporaneous pepenar vtr [Méx] to hand sort ore peneplanización nf peneplanation peperita nf volcanic sand penecontemporáneo,-nea adj pepino nm karst tower penecontemporaneos pepita nf nugget peneplanación nf peneplanation peracidita nf silexite peneplanicie nf peneplain peralcalino,-na adj peralkaline penesalino,-na adj penesaline peraluminoso,-sa adj peraluminous penillanura nf peneplain perbituminoso,-sa adj perbituminous peniplanicie nf peneplain percolación nf percolation peniplano nm peneplain percolar vtr to percolate pennina nf penninite percristalino,-na adj percrystalline penokeiense adj Penokean perderse vpr to become lost, pinch out, as for a pensylviano,-na adj Pennsylvanian | nm vein, seam or bed Pennsylvanian pérdida nf loss, generally from treatment of ores pensilvánico,-ca adj Pennsylvanian | nm | p. de lodo mud losses | p. por absorción Pennsylvanian absorption loss pentahidrita nf pentahydrite, allenite perdido,-da adj lost pentahidroborita nf pentahydroborite perdigón nm iron pellet P-5 perenne adj perennial perla espata nf pearl spar perfeccionar vtr to follow up, rexamine perlado,-da adj pearly perfil nm cross-section, side-view | profile | log perliforme adj bead-like | p. de estratos strata profile | p. de equilibrio perlítico,-ca adj perlitic graded profile | p. de perforación drill log, well perlofita nf perloffite log | p. de pozo well log | p. de suelo soil profile permeabilidad nf permeability | p. edáfico soil profile | p. elétrico electric log | permeable adj permeable p. estratigráfico columnar section | p. permeación nf permeation gravimétrico gravity profile | p. longitudinal permeametro nm permeameter longitudinal profile | p. litológico lithologic permiano,-na adj Permian | nm Permian section | p. según muestras sample profile | p. pérmico,-ca adj Permian | nm Permian transversal transverse profile permineralización nf permineralization perfiladora nf grader permiso nm license | lease | p. de cateo perfilaje nm logging | p. de activación activation exploration license | p. marginal edge lease logging | p. de pozo well-logging permutación nf permutation perforabilidad nf drillability perofskita, perovskita, perowskita adj perforación nf drill or bore hole | perforation | perovskite p ancha large hole | p. a núcleos core drilling | p pertenencia nf mining claim a percusión percussion drilling | p con cable pértiga nf rod (measure of length) cable drilling | p con diamante diamond drilling pertita nf perthite | p dirigida directional drilling | p con extracción pertítico,-ca adj perthitic de testigos core drilling | p. de disparo shot hole pertitoide adj perthitoid | p de exploración exploration drilling | p. pertosita nf perthosite (obs, syenite) desviada deflected well | p. inicial spudding in | perturbación nf perturbation | dislocation | p. p. por gas gas drilling | p. por percusión de una veta disruption of a vein or lode | p. percussion drilling | p. por rotación rotary tectónica tectonic disturbance drilling | p. reducida slim hole | p. rotativa perturbado,-da adj disturbed rotary drilling | p. térmica jet piercing pesado,-da adj heavy | of high specific gravity perforado nm boring, drilling | perforation peso nm weight | silver coin of about 25 grams perforador,-dora adj boring, drilling | nf borer, | [Almadén, Sp] a weight of 20 arrobas | p. driller, drilling machine | p. a percusión atómico atomic weight | p. bruto gross weight | percussion drill | p. con diamantes diamond p. de oro coin equivalent to two (silver) pesos | p. drill | p. de diamantes diamond drill | p. de de oro común a peso of 8 reales| p. espicífico percusión percussion drill | p. rotativa rotary specific gravity | p. neto net weight drill | nm driller (person) petlanque nm [Méx] argentite, usually, perforante adj drilling, boring pyargyrite in places | any high-grade silver ore perforar vtr to drill or bore | p. acerado polybasite | p. colorado, encarnado or perhialina nf perhyaline rojo proustite | p. oscuro pyrargyrite | p. negro periclasa nf periclase argentite periclinal adj periclinal, pericline | nm pericline pétreo,-rea adj stone, of stone | stony | rocky, peridoto nm peridot, olivine stone-like, petrous periférico,-ca adj peripheral petrificación nf petrification perigénico,-ca adj perigenic petrificado,-da adj petrified perímetro nm perimeter | p. de influencia area or petrificar vtr to petrify circle of influence petrificarse vpr to petrify período nm period | p. de amprtización pay back petrífico,-ca adj petriferous period | p. de glaciación glacial period | p. petroclástico,-ca adj detrital geocrático geocratic period petrofábrico,-ca adj fabric | nm fabric, peripedimento nm peripediment petrofabric peritéctico,-ca adj peritectic, reaction petrofísica nf petrophysics perito nm expert | appraiser | skilled worker petrogénesis nf petrogenesis perknita nf ultramafic rock, ultramafite petrogenético,-ca adj petrogenetic P-6 petrogenia nf petrogenesis picrofarmacolita nf picropharmacolite petrografía nf petrography picurita nf pitch coal petrográfico,-ca adj petrographic pie nm foot (measure of length) | foot or base of petrógrafo,-fa nm and f petrographer a mountain | p. de cabra claw-end crowbar petroleno nm petrolene piedra nf rock, stone | mineral | p. acanterada petróleo nm petroleum | p. bisulfuro disulfide oil [Durango, Méx] rhyolite | p. (de) alumbre | p. (en) bruto or crudo crude oil | p. clandestino alunite | p. aprieta [Méx] limestone | p. arcillosa "hot oil" produced above allowables | p. de base claystone | p. arenisca sandstone | p. arenosa asfáltica asphalt-base crude oil | p. de sandstone | p. (de) azufre rock sulphur | p. azul contrabando contraband oil | p. del propietario bluestone, chalcanthite | [Méx] blue limestone landowner's oil || p. humedo wet oil | p. | [Vz] mineralized diorite wall rock to gold lampante parrafin oil, kerosene | p. ligero light veins | p. berroqueña granite | p. blanca oil, straw oil | p. muerto dead oil | p. petratado granulite | p. bruta [Méx] country rock, barren pretreated crude oil | p. pobre lean oil | p. rock | p. cachumba [Cu] native calcium sulfate | sintetico synthetic oil | p. sulfuroso sour crude p. calamina calamine | p. calárea limestone | p. oil | p. verde green oil caliza limestone | p. canela hessonite | p. capilar petrolero,-ra adj oil, petroleum | oil-bearing | var of quartz | p. ciega any hard, opaque nm tanker semiprecious stone | p. conglomerada petrolífero,-ra adj petroliferous, oil-bearing conglomerate | p. conglutinada breccia | p. petrología nf petrology córnea hornstone, jasper | p. de acarreo erratic petrológico,-ca adj petrological block or boulder | p. de arena [Col] sandstone | petrológo,-ga nm and f petrologist p. de barilla [Tamaulipas, Méx] limestone with petromorfo nm petromorph clay partings | p. de berroqueña coarse grained petroquímica nf petrochemistry granite | p. de cal or de caliza chalk, limestone | petroquímico,-ca adj petrochemical p. de campana phonolite | p. de candela flint | p. petrosilex nm flint | amausite | hornstone de canelo grossularite | p. de cantería [Méx, Sp] pez nf tar, pitch | [Sp] isolated lens of coal | p. granite | p. de canto dressed stone | p. de cinc mineral asphalt cassiterite | p. de cruz staurolite | p. de chispa pfalziense adj Pfalzian flint | p. de churumbela [Col] decomposed felsite piacentino,-na adj Piacenzian wall-rock to veins | p. de escopeta flint | p. de piamonte nm piedmont frijól [Guanajuato, Méx] red conglomerate | p. piamontita nf piedmontite de fuego firestone | p. de grano [Méx] granite | p. pica nf pick de jabón talc | p. de labrador greenstone | p. del picacho nm pointed peak or summit águila a nodular, clayey iron ore | p. de la luna picada nf survey line labradorite | p. de las amazonas labradorite | p. picado nm [Pe] surface outcropping of a vein de lumbre flint | p. de luna blue adularia | p. de picador nm miner who works with a pick or mano [Méx] good specimin of ore, sometimes hammer and gad | [Sierra Almagrera, Sp] ore- used for religious purposes | p. de mobre flint | sorter p. de moco white, transparent var of chalcedony picapedrero nm stonecutter with dendritic staining | p. de moler [Col] picaporro nm pick syenite | p. de mollejón [Col] sandstone | p. palo picar vtr/intr to cut stone | to hew, work with a [Ch] asbestos | p. de pipas meerschaum | p. de pick or hammer and gad | p. un hilo [Col] to remedar [Guadalcázar, Méx] large fragment of uncover a known vein granite | [San Nicolas, Méx] basalt | [Mazapil, picnita nf pycnite (var of topaz) Méx] feldspathic porphyry | p. de sapo mica | p. pico nm peak | pickaxe | miner's pick | [Méx] de sillería dressed stone | p. de sol precious sledge hammer | a pico vertically variety of oligoclase | p. de toque jasper, picón de cantera nm quarry pick touchstone | p. de yeso rock gypsum | p. del picota nf peak of a mountain labrador labradorite | p. dura any hard, siliceous picrítico,-ca adj picritic stone | p. en bruto rubble stone | p. fétida picrocromita nf picrochromite, stinkstone | p. filtrante porous rock | p. fina magnesiochromite gemstone | p. frailesca [Almadén, Sp] breccia P-7

consisting of fragments of schist and serpentine weight and other physical properties | [Ch] cemented by dolomite and clay | p. franca silver ore assaying better than 50 diezmilésimos easily worked stone | p. guisante pisolite | p. | [Vz] gold placer | color or gold seen on hematitas hematite | p. hedionda [Guadalcázar, washing gravel in a pan | p. azul [Pachuca, Méx] black limestone | p. imán magnetite | p. Méx] silver sulfide ore | p. de metal indications inga pyrite | p. jaspe jasper | p. labrada dressed of ore stone | p. lipe [Pe] chalcanthite | p. litográfica pintar vintr to exhibit indications of ore argillaceous limestone | p. loca meerschaum | pínula nf sight of a surveying instrument p. maciza stone lacking defects | p. marmól pinza nf fishing tool used for extracting objects marble | p. meteórica meteorite | p. mineral ore that have fallen down a drillhole | p. molar sandstone used for millstones | p. piña nf cone-shaped ingot of refined silver | moleña burstone | p. mora [Guadalcázar, Méx] [Ch, Pe, Bol] bullion diorite | p. nefrítica jade | p. negra [Vz] greenish piocha nf pick gray feldstone | p. ollar serpentine | steatite | piotina nf saponite p. oniquina onyx | p. ovar oolite | p. palo [La pipa nf pipe Serena, Ch] asbestos | p. para brownstone | p. pique nm bottom or ground | [Bol, Ch, Pe] shaft parda manganese oxides | p. partida broken | a pique [Méx] vertically | p. maestro [Ch] main stone | p. pez pitchstone, retinite | p. picada shaft crushed or broken stone | p. pómez piquero nm miner pumicestone | p. preciosa gemstone | p. radiante piqueta nf mattox, pickaxe | p. con cabeza poll- actinolite | p. rodada boulder, cobble, pebble | pick p. sarabeada or sarabiada [Col] decomposed piquetero nm boy who carries picks to workers granite or gneiss | p. sonora phonolite | p. tosca in a mine pumice stone, pumice | p. verde green stone | piquetilla nf gad | small pickaxe p. viva very hard stone, ledge rock | piedras de pir nm [Ch] lead amalgam acarreo glacial erratics | p.-bola [Méx] boulder piralmandita nf pyralmandite piemontita nf piemontite, manganese epidote piralspita nf pyralspite piezoclasa nf compression joint pirámirade nm pyramid piezocristilización nf piezocrystallization pirargirita nf pyrargyrite piezoelectricidad nf piezoelectricity pireneita nf melanite piezoeléctrico,-ca adj piezoelectric pirex nm pyrex piezogeno,-na adj piezogene piriforme adj pear-shaped piezomagnetismo nm piezomagnetism pirita nf pyrite | sulfides (in general) | p. piezométrico,-ca adj equipotential, piezometric arsenical arsenopyrite | p. blanca marcasite | p. pila nf basin, trough, tank or vessel | pothole | capilar millerite | p. cobriza chalcopyrite | p. evaporation tank in salt works | [Col] pit dug común pyrite | p. de azufre iron pyrite | p. de on a river bank used to wash placer ore | p. de carbón pyrite found in coal seams, "scud" | p. de mineral heap of ore cobalto linnaeite | p. de cobre chalcopyrite | p. de pilar nm pillar | p. de tierra pinnacle | p. tectónico cresta de gallo marcasite | p. de estaño stannite | horst p. de fierro or hierro iron pyrite | p. de manganeso pilita nf pilite (actinolite pseudomorphous after hauerite | p. ferroniquelífera pentlandite | p. olivine) | tinder ore magnética pyrrhotite | p. marcial iron pyrite | p. pilón nm stone trough prismática marcasite | p. radianite pyrite, pilotaxítico,-ca adj pilotaxitic, felty firestone | p. roja niccolite | p. sana [Ch] pinacoide adj pinacoidal | nm pinacoid unaltered pyrite pináculo nm pinnacle pirítico,-ca adj pyritic pinado,-da adj pinnate piritización nf pyritization pingo nm a drill hole terminated short of its piritizar vtr to pyritize objective piritoedro nm pyritohedron pinguita nf nontronite piritoso,-sa adj pyrite-bearing pinta nf [Méx] the appearance of an ore which piroaurita nf pyroaurite discloses its tenor according to its color, grain, pirobelonita nf pyrobelonite P-8 pirobitumen nm pyrobitumen coaly shale | p. clorítica chloritic schist | p. piroclástico,-ca adj pyroclastic cristalina schist | p. de talco talc schist | p. de pirocloro nm pyrochlore tejar roofing slate | p. en gavillas cordierite pirochroita nf pyrochroite schist | p. fétida bituminous slate | p. gredosa pirofana nf pyrophane, fire opal clay slate | p. marcellus marcellus shale | p. pirofanita nf pyrophanite micácea mica schist | p. ojosa augen schist pirofilita nf pyrophyllite pizarral nm slate quarry pirogénesis nf pyrogenesis pizarreño,-ña adj slatey | with or having slaty pirógeno,-na adj pyrogenic | pyrogenetic cleavage pirolita nf pyrolite pizarrería nf slate quarry pirolusita nf pyrolusite pizarrosidad nf schistosity | slaty cleavage piromagma nf pyromagma pizarroso,-sa adj slatey piromelana nf brookite placa nf plate | slab | p. litosférica lithospheric piromerida nf pyromeride (obs, nodular rhyolite) plate pirometamorfismo nm pyrometamorphism placer nm placer | p. aurífero gold-bearing placer pirometasomático,-ca adj pyrometasomatic | p. de costa marina beach placer | p. metalífero pirometasomatismo nm pyrometasomatism ore-bearing placer pirometría nf pyrometry plagioclasa nf plagioclase pirométro nm pyrometer plagioclasita nf anorthosite piromorfita nf pyromorphite plaisanciano,-na adj Plaisancian pironafta nf pyronaphtha plaisanciense adj Plaisancian piropisita nf pyropissite plan nm program | bottom level in a mine piropo nm pyrope planación nf planation piroretinita nf pyroretinite plancton nm plankton pirosfero nm pyrosphere plancha nf plate or sheet of native metal pirosmalita nf pyrosmalite plancheta nf plane-table pirostibina nf kermesite planear vtr [Méx] to extract gold in fissures in pirostilpnita nf pyrostilpnite bedrock beneath placers piroxena nf pyroxene planicie nm plane | [geomorph] sides of a piroxenita nf piroxenite saddle | p. de abrasión denudation plane | p. piroxeno nm pyroxene troncal peneplain piroxenoide nm piroxenoid planificación nf planning piroxferroita nf pyroxferroite planimetría nf planimetry piroxmangita nf pyroxmangite planimétrico,-ca adj planimetric pirquín nm [Bol, Ch] contract mining planimétro nm planimeter pirquinero nm [Bol, Ch] contract or tribute plano nm map, plan | plane | p. axil axial plane miner, tributor | p. de clivaje cleavage plane | p. de crucero pirrotina nf pyrrhotite cleavage plane | p. de ensayes assay map | p. de pisar vintr to dip estratificación bedding plane | p. de falla fault piso nm stage | floor or level | bottom level in a plane | p. de fractura fracture plane | p. de junta mine | footwall | p. estructural structural stage joint plane | p. de nivel datum | p. de referencia pisolita nf pisolite | pisolith | p. volcánica datum plane | p. de resbalamiento slickenside, volcanic pisolith fault plane | p. de simetría | p. reticular pisolítico,-ca adj pisolitic planofírico,-ca adj planophyric (obs) pisones nmpl [Bol] stamps (in a stamp mill) planta nf floor or level | horizontal cut | map, piticita nf pitticite plan | plant, factory, facility | p. de recuperación pivote nm stock de acidos acid recovery plant pizarra nf slate | schist | p. arcillosa argillaceous plantar vtr to erect a mill, machinery, etc slate or schist | [Sp] shale | p. arenosa sandy planteaje nm plant, mill schist | p. astilloso splintered slate | p. azul planteamiento nm plant, mill [Cartagena, Sp] slate stained by iron silicate | p. plantel nm plant, mill bituminosa bituminous slate | p. carbonífera plasma nf plasma (var of chalcedony) P-9 plasticidad nf plasticity platino nm platinum | p. nativo native platium plástico,-ca adj plastic plato para lavar mineral nm gold pan plastotipo nm plastotype platón nm pan used for washing ore plata nf silver | silver ore | p. agria argentite, platoncito nm small gold pan polybasite or stephanite | p. antimonial playa nf beach, shore, strand | river bank | p. discrasite | p. azul [Tlalpujahua, Méx] alta backshore | p. baja gold placer beneath the aregentite [Zacatecas, Méx] silver chloride | p. level of the adjacent stream | p. levantada raised azul acercado polybasite | p. azul de catorce beach selbite | p. blanca native silver | p. blanca playero nm [Bol, Pe] placer miner pardusca argentiferous galena | p. bruto native plazolita nf hydrogrossular silver | p. ceniza silver chloride | p. color de rosa pleamar nm high tide native silver with reddish tinge | p. córnea plegado,-da adj folded | nm folding cerargyrite | p. córnea amarilla iodyrite | p. plegadura nf folding córnea blanca cerargyrite | p. córnea verde plegamiento nm folding | p. cabrío chevron embolite | p. cruda sponge silver | p. de clavos folding | p. en acordeón accordian folding | p. [Batopilas, Méx] wire silver in calcite gangue | entrecruzado cross-folding | p. imbricado p. de ley standard silver for assayers | p. de patio imbricate folding | p. verdadero flexure, true or de pie silver produced by the patio process of folding amalgamation | p. del diezmo silver taxed at the plegar vtr to fold rate of one tenth its weight or value | p. del pleistocénico,-ca adj Pleistocene rescate silver produced from purchased or pleistoceno,-na adj Pleistocene | nm Pleistocene stolen ores, taxes at the rate of one fifth its plenargirita nf matildite weight or value | p. dúctil argentite | p. en barra pleocristalino,-na adj holocrystalline silver bullion | p. esponja sponge silver | p. gris pleocroico,-ca adj pleochroic argentite | p. labrada wrought silver | p. maciza pleocroísmo nm pleochroism [Pe] native silver in sheets | p. mixta electrum | pleocroísto,-sta adj pleochroic p. nativa native silver | p. natural native silver | pleonasta nf ceylonite p. negra argentite, stephanite | p. negra plicación nf plication prismática stephanite | p. parda cerargyrite | p. pliegue nm fold | p. acostado recumbant fold | p. pella silver amalgam | p. quintada any silver armónico harmonic fold | p. asimétrico that has been taxed | p. roja clara proustite | p. asymmetric fold | p. buzante dip fold | p. cabrío roja oscura pyrargyrite | p. seca silver ore which chevron fold | p. cerrado closed fold, isoclinal does not amalgamate with mercury | p. sulfúrea fold | p. competente competent fold | p. agria stephanite | p. verde embolite [Plateros, compuesto compund fold | p. de arrastre drag Méx] bromyrite | [Catorce, Méx] mixture of fold | p. diapírico diapir fold | p. disarmónico bromyrite and iodyrite | p. virgen native silver disharmonic fold | p. echado overfold | p. en | p. vítrea argentite abanico de flujo fan fold | p. escanolado en plataforma nf platform | p. continental échelon fold | p. hacia abajo downfold | p. continental shelf | continental mass | p. inclinado inclined fold | p. incompetente continental exterior outer continental shelf | p. incompetent fold | p. intraformacional costera coastal plane | p. cratogénica cratogenic intraformational fold | p. invertido overturned shelf | p. de abrasión wave-cut platform | p. de fold | p. isoclinal isoclinal fold | p. normal perforación drilling platform, drilling rig | p. de normal fold | p. parado upright fold, normal producción production platform | p. fold | p. recostado recumbant fold | p. epicontinental continental shelf | p. replegable recumbente recumbant fold | p. silla anticline | jack-up rig | p. submarina continental shelf p. simétrico symmetric fold | p. simple simple plateado,-da adj silvered, silver, silvery fold | p. suprateneu supratenous fold | p. platillo nm [Méx] a red earthen plate used for tumbado overturned fold | p. verdadero true fold, testing ore flexure | p. vertical upright fold | p. volcado platina nf platinum ore | crude native platinum overturned or inverted fold, overfold | p. platiniridio nm platiniridium yacente recumbent fold platinita nf playnite pliensbaquiano,-na adj Pliensbachian P-10 pliensbaquense nm Pliensbachian pobreza nf poverty | p. de la mina said when ore pliniano,-na adj Plinian grade is low pliocénico,-ca adj Pliocene pocero nm well sinker | shaft digger, pitman plioceno,-na adj Pliocene | nm Pliocene pocillo nm small well or drill hole | pass or pliomagmático,-ca adj pliomagmatic shoot in a mine plísamiento nm microfolding poder nm thickness | p. calorífico fuel ratio plomada nf plumb podolita nf carbonate-apatite plombagina nf graphite podrido,-da adj rotten, decomposed plomífero,-ra adj lead-bearing, plumbiferous podrir jaguas vtr [Col] to leave ores exposed to plomillo nm [Méx] hematite rich tin ore the atmosphere in the hope that the sulfides plomilloso,-sa adj lead-bearing will thus be oxidized over time plomizo,-za adj leaden | p. de acarreo alluvial poiquilítico,-ca adj poikilitic deposit of broken fragments of galena poiquiloblástico,-ca adj poikiloblastic plomo,-ma adj lead colored | leaden poiquilofítico,-ca adj poikilophitic plomo nm lead | lead ore, usually galena | p. poiquilotópico,-ca adj poikilotopic abigarrado pyromorphite | p. afinado refined poiquilotopo nm poikilotope lead | p. agrio lead slag | p. amarillo wulfenite | polaridad nf polarity p. blanco cerussite | p. córneo fosgenite | p. de polarimetría nf polarimetry obra [Méx] argentiferous lead | p. dulce refined polarimétro nm polarimeter lead | p. negro graphite | p. pardo pyromorphite polarización nf polarization | p. pobre lead poor in silver | p. rico lead rich polarizado,-da adj polarized in silver | p. rojo crocoite | p. ronco [Arg, Ch, polarizador,-dora adj polarizing | nm polarizer Pe] compact, massive argentite | p. verde polen nm pollen pyromorphite polenita nf pollenite (obs, olivine phonolite) plomogoma nf poliargirita nf polyargyrite plomoso,-sa adj lead-bearing polibasita nf polybasite plumbagina nf graphite, plumbargo policíclico,-ca adj polycyclic plúmbeo,-bea adj leaden policónico,-ca adj polyconic plumbogumita nf plumbogummite policraso nm polycrase plumbopirocloro nm plumbopyrochlore policristal nm polycrystal plurivalencia nf polyvalence polícromo,-ma adj polychrome, multicolored plutón nm pluton, intrusion, intrusive | p. policuarzo nm polyquartz atectónico atectonic pluton | p. pretectónico polidimita nf polydymite pretectonic pluton | p. post-tectónico post- poligenético,-ca adj polygenetic tectonic pluton | p. sincrónico syntectonic poligénico,-ca adj polycyclic | polygenic pluton | p. sintectónico syntectonic pluton | p. poligeosinclinal nm polygeosyncline subsecuente post-tectonic pluton poligonal adj polygonal plutónico,-ca adj plutonic, intrusive poligonización nf polygonization plutonio nm plutonium polígono nm polygon plutonismo nm plutonism polihalita nf polyhalite plutónita nf plutonist polikinemático,-ca adj polykinematic pneumatolítico,-ca adj pneumatolytic polilitarenita nf polylitharenite población nf population | p. cerrada closed polilitionita nf polylithionite population | p. de referencia parent population | polimerización nf polymerization p. estable stable population | p. estacionaria polimerizado,-da adj polymerized stationary population | p. madre parent polimetálico,-ca adj polymetallic population | p. tipo type population polimetamorfismo nm polymetamorphism poblador nm [Méx] mine foreman polimignita nf polymignyte poblar vtr to set miners to work in a mine poliminerálico,-ca adj polymineralic pobre adj barren, sterile, unmineralized | low polimodal adj polymodal grade polimorfía nf polymorphism polimorfismo nm polymorphism P-11 polimorfo,-fa adj polymorphic, polymorphous | granite porphyry | p. metalífero [Pachuca and nm polymorph Real del Monte, Méx] porphyritic pyroxene polinigritita nf polynigritite andesite host rock | p. negro [Almadén, Sp] polisintético,-ca adj polysynthetic melaphyre | p. traquito trachyte porphyry politipismo nm polytypism porfidoblástico,-ca adj porphyroblastic politipo nm polytype porfidoblasto nm porphyroblast polo nm pole | p. geográfico geographic pole | p. porfiroclástico,-ca adj porphyroclastic magnético magnetic pole porfirogranulítico,-ca adj porphyrogranulitic polonio nm polonium (obs) polucita nf pollucite porfírico,-ca adj porphyritic polveo nm [Méx] amalgam formed by the cazo or caldron process composed of two parts mercury and one part silver by weight polvillo nm fine dust | tailings | [Méx] rich ore | p. bueno good ore | p. y jabon [Guanajuato, Méx] richest ore mined yielding about 2000 ounces to the ton polvo nm dust | pinch | powder | oro en p. gold dust | p. de carbón coal dust | p. volcánico volcanic dust polvorilla nf argentite | polybasite | [Tamaya, Ch] phillipsite-bearing copper ore | [Peras, Méx] gold-bearing marcasite | estaño de p. [Durango, Méx] friable, rhyolite hosted tin ore | [Pe] stephanite (but usually used for argentite or polybasite) | [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] sternbergite pollo nm [Pe] small bag of rich ore given by a miner on Saturday to the mine owner pomáceo,-cea adj pumaceous pómez adj and nm pumice ponce nm pumice pongo nm [Pe, Ec] worker employed to maintain underground workings | canyon, gorge pontiano,-na adj Pontian pontico,-ca adj Pontic pontiense adj Pontian populación nf [stats] population poquiri nm Indian required to work overtime on account of not fulfilling his tarea poercelainita nf porcellanite | mullite porcelana nf porcelain porcelanáceo,-cea adj porcellaneous porcelanita nf porcellanite porcentaje nf percentage | rate | ratio purcentual adj percentage porfídico,-ca adj porphyritic porfidita nf porphyry, porphyrite pórfido nm porphyry | [Vz] gold-bearing jasperoid | p. acanterado [Méx] rhyolite porphyry | p. cuarcífero quartz porphyry | p. feldesático feldspar porphyry | p. granítico P-12

!@ t - € pÎ •Z P-13

1Î N e N e P-14

R R R R R R È àR 6 S S S P-15 P-16

^ S ®T ¯W ³W ÉW ÉW ÉW ÉW ÉW P-17

ËW - êW À ªX ªX - Z 4 GZ N ÈX K R ÈX ÈX h ˜ 1 P

P-18 pabellón nm pavilion (of a precious stone) P-19 paco nm [Bol, Pe] gossan, oxidized or partly P-20 P-21 t - 1Î € pÎ •Z P-22 P-23 e N e R R R R R R È àR 6 S S P-24 P-25

&S * PT ^ S ®T ¯W ³W ÉW ÉW ÉW ÉW P-26 P-27

ËW ËW - êW À ªX ªX - Z 4 GZ N P-28

ÈX K R ÈX ÈX h ˜ 1 P-29

P

P-30 pabellón nm pavilion (of a precious stone) P-31 paco nm [Bol, Pe] gossan, oxidized or partly P-32 sh coloónico,-ca adj posttectonic post-litoral adj backshore postura nf [Pe] separation of silver from amalgam by distillation potamógeno,-na adj potamic potamología nf potamology potasa adj potash | nf potash potásico,-ca adj potassic potasio nm potassium | p.-argon K-Ar | p.-calcio K-Ca potencia nf thickness | power | strength (of a vein) | p. de una prueba power of a test | p. nuclear nuclear power potencial adj potential | nm potential | p. espontaneo spontaneous potential | p. nominal rated potential, rated production capacity | p. zeta zeta potential potenciométrico,-ca adj potentiometric potsdamiano,-na adj Potsdamian potsdamiense adj Potsdamian pottsvilliense adj Pottsvillian poza nf [Sandia, Pe] potholes in bedrock of placer gold deposits pozaco nm [Cartagena, Sp] winze pozo nm well, drill hole | shaft, pit | p. abandonado abandoned well | p. artesiano artesian well | p. cárstico yama | p. cerrado close in well | p. de alivio relief well | p. de avancada step-out well | p. de coyote natural water hole | p. de desarollo development well | p. de descarga disposal well | p. de descubrimiento discovery well | p. de mina shaft | p. de servicio service well | p. direccional directed well, slant well | p. dirigido directed well, slant hole | p. excavado dug well | p. exploratorio exploratory or wildcat well | p. eruptivo gusher | p. improductivo dry well, "duster" | p. inyector injection well | p. lateral flank well | p. marginal marginal well | p. muerto dead well (must be pumped to produce) | p. obligatorio obligation well | p. parado shut in well | p. pobre stripper well | p. salado salted well | p. seco dry hole | p. sin control wild well, well out of control | p. sin consentimiento de una parte non consent well | p. sin entubar open well | p. subyacente well cutting accross several pools pozolano,-na adj pozzolan praseodimio nm praseodymium prasio nm green variety of quartz, prase prasópal nm prasopal prasma nf dark green variety of agate praetigliense adj Praetiglian P-33 prealpino,-na adj prealpine probabilidad nf probability | p. compuesto precambriano,-na adj Precambrian compound probability | p. condicional precámbrico,-ca adj Precambrian conditional probability | p. total total precio nm price | p. de referencia posted price | p. probability de refineria refinery price, rack price | p. oficial probado,-da adj proven, proved posted selling price procedimiento nm process (industrial or precioso,-sa adj precious chemical) precipicio nm precipice, cliff proceso nm process | processing | p. aleatorio precipitación nf precipitation random process | p. armónico random process | precipitado,-da adj precipitated p. autoregressivo autoregressive process | p. de precipitar vtr precipitate Markov Markov process | p. discreto discrete preconsolidación nf preconsolidation process | p. estacionario stationary process | p. precursor nm preliminary seismic wave homogéneo homogenous process | p. númerico predazita nf predazzite numeric process prediagenesis nf prediagenesis proclorita nf ripidolite predio minero nm mining property producción nf production | p. anual annual prefosa nf foredeep production | p. de un pozo yield of a well | p. del preorogénico,-ca adj preorogenic yacimiento field or pool potential | p. diario preparar minerales vtr to dress ores daily production | p. mensual monthly presa nf dam production | p. permisible allowable production presentar vintr to show or display a | p. permitida allowable production | p. characteristic (this verb is generally lost in potencial draw down potential | p. rápida translation, eg que presenta gradaciones entre gutting of a well | p. real actual production | p. granito y tonalita 'that grades from granite to regulada ratable take | p. suplementaria bonus tonalite') allowable presentarse vpr to occur, be found, eg las rocas producir vtr to produce siluricas se presentan cerca de la mina 'Silurian productivo,-va adj productive | producing rocks occur adjacent to the mine' producto nm product, return, yield | material | preserver vtr to preserve product (result of an industrial or chemical presión nf pressure | drive (in an oil or gas process) | p. blanco white hydrocarbon pool) | p. absoluta absolute pressure | p. products (gasoline, kerosene etc) | p. de atmosférica atmospheric pressure | p. cerrada erupción eruptive material | p. negro black closed pressure | p. de flujo fluid pressure, hydrocarbon product (diesel, etc) flowing pressure | p. dirigida directed pressure productor nm producer | p. independiente | p. efectiva working pressure | p. estática static independent producer pressure | p. hidrostática hydrostatic pressure | profundidad nf depth | footage (of a well) | a presión under pressure [Almadén, Sp] winze presupuesto nm cost estimate profundizar vtr to sink or deepen pretectónico,-ca adj pretectonic profundo,-da adj deep | poco p. shallow pretil nm [Vz] cliff progradación nf progradation pretratamiento nm pretreatment promedio nm average | middle previtriano nm previtrian prometeo,-tea adj promethium priaboniano,-na adj Priabonian promontorio nm promontory, headland | [Méx] priaboniense adj Priabonian an irregular deposit or mass | p. fangoso mud- prieto,-ta adj blackish, black, very dark | lump rebellious, refractory (ores) propano nm propane prima nf bonus | p. de petróleo oil bonus propilita nf propylite (obs porpylitized andesite) primario,-ria adj primary | nm Paleozoic propilitización nf propylitization primordial adj primordial, essential proporción nf proportion | ratio prisma nm prism proporcional adj proportional prismático,-ca adj prismatic prorrateo nm proration prismoide afj prismoidal | nm prismoid P-34 prospección nf prospecting | p. geofísica pseudomatriz nf pseudomatrix geophysical prospecting | p. geoquímica pseudomontaña nf pseudomountain geochemical prospecting pseudomórfico,-ca adj pseudomorphous proterozoico,-ca adj Proterozoic | nm pseudomorfismo nm pseudomorphism Proterozoic pseudomorfo nm pseudomorph protoclástico,-ca adj protoclastic pseudonódulo nm pseudonodule protocuarzita nf protoquartzite pseudopofírico,-ca adj pseudoporphyritic protogénico,-ca adj protogenic pseudorutilo nm pseudorutile protomatriz nf protomatrix pseudosimetría nf pseudosymmetry protomena nf protore pseudovolcán nm pseudovolcano protomilonita nf protomylonite pseudowavelita nf crandallite protrusivo,-va adj protrusive psitacinita nf mottramite provincia nf province | p. metalogénica pteroceriano,-na adj Pterocerian metallogenic province | p. petrográfica pteroceriense adj Pterocerian petrographic province pucha nf [Col] one sixteenth of an almud provitriano nm provitrian pudinga nf conglomerate próximo,-ma adj near, close | nearby, proximal pudrir jaguas vtr [Col] to leave ores exposed to | next the atmosphere in the hope that the sulfides proyección nf projection | p. cristalina crystal will thus be oxidized over time projection | p. Lambert Lambert projection | p. puerciense adj Puercan Mercator Mercator projection | p. policónica puente nm bridge | plugging of a well | head polyconic projection frame of a mule whim | pillar (of ore in a mine) proyectar vtr to project | p. natural natural bridge, arch proyectil nm projectile | p. volcánico volcanic puerta nf door, passage | [Méx] hard rock or bomb, volcanic ejecta boulders that conceal a vein proyecto nm project | plan, design | draft puerto nm pass, gap prueba nf test | preprint | p. bilateral two-sided puesta en producción nf bringing in a well test | p. de asfalto tar test | p. de caída shatter test pulgada nf inch | pinch | p. de minero miner's | p. de calcinación char test | p. de choque izod inch | p. de oro en polvo pinch of gold dust test | p. de elutración elutriation test | p. de goma pulimentación nf polishing (by wind or glaciers) gum test | p. de hipótesis hypothesis test | p. de pulimento nm polish | p. eólico desert polish | p. homegeidad test of homogeneity | p. de glaciar glacial polish independencia test of independence | p. de ji pulpería nf company store at a mine cuadrado chi-squared test | p. de Kolmogorov- pulsación nf [strat, tect] pulsation Smirnov Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test | p. de razón pumita nf pumice de versimilitud likelihood ratio test | p. de pumpeliita nf pumpellyite resistencia drop test | p. de significación test of punta nf source | point | sharp end of a tool or significance | p. de student student t test | p. instrument | work shift and hence, by robusto robust test | p. sin sesgo unbiased test | extension, one-third of the mitayos assigned to a p. unilateral one-sided test particular mine psamita nf psammite puntero nm stonemason's chisel psaturosa nf stephanite | [Pe] polybasite punterola nf small pick psefita nf rudite, psephite puntiagudo,-da adj pointed pseudobrecha nf pseudobreccia puntista nf [Méx] miner who knocks down loose pseudocirco nm pseudocirque rock from a working face preparing the way for pseudoclorita nf swelling chlorite | septchlorite the next shift | pseudochlorite punto nm point | p. de burbuja or burbujeo bubble pseudocrisolita nf pseudochrysotile point pressure | p. de concensación condensation pseudocristal nm pseudocrystal point | p. de ebullición boiling point | p. de pseudodifusión nf pseudo-diffusion fluidez pour point | p. de imagén image point | pseudofalla nf pseudofault p. de inflamación flash point | p. de marca [surv] pseudomalaquita nf pseudomalachite station | p. de niebla cloud point | p. de partida P-35

point of discovery of a vein, from which claim purga nf [Cartagena, Sp] charge of slag added boundaries are measured | p. de referencia after a charge of ore to clean out a lead smelting reference point | p. de rocio dew point | p. furnace muerto break even point | p. nulo null point purgar vtr to bleed off | p. un pozo to blow a well puntoagudo,-da adj taper pointed puro,-ra adj pure, refined | native puntual adj point puro plateado nm [Pe] exceptionately high punzó adj flame red grade copper ore, essentially pure copper punzón nm gad mineral puquio nm [Ch, Pe] spring | [Pe] narrow purpúreo,-rea adj purple galleries driven by Indians or Jesuits to reach purpurino,-na adj purple water-bearing strata | a natural outlet of puruña nf long trough for vanning silver groundwater from gently dipping stata amalgam | [Pe] earthenware or wood disk purbeckiano,-na adj Purbeckian used to test ore in the patio process of purbeckiense adj Purbeckian amalgamating silver ores pureza nf purity puzol nm pozzolana puzolana nf pozzolana puzolánico,-ca adj pozzolan

Q-1

Q appearance | [Méx] manganese oxide staining | any dark, cindery mineral staining that looks similar to manganese oxide quebrada nf fissure or break in a rock | narrow quemador nm [Guadalcázar, Méx] calciner of pass | ravine, gorge, gully, draw, small valley mercury ores | stream, brook | broken, uneven ground quemahlita nf kemahlite (obs, pseudoleucitic quebradizo,-za adj brittle, friable micromonzonite) quebrado,-da adj broken, rough, uneven | quemar vtr to roast or calcine ore | to retort bankrupt | nm fraction | [Cu] channel between amalgam | q. piedra to heat a rock and then reefs break it by plunging in cold water quebrador nm crusher | [Méx] ore breaker, ore quemazón nm outcrop | [Pachuca, Méx] silver cobber ore in which native silver and silver chlorides quebradura nf fracture, break | crack, fissure | are found in a matrix of manganese oxides ravine | crushing | q. de cizalladura shear joint queme nm retorting of amalgam or mercury ore quebrantador,-dora adj crushing | nm stone | [Méx] roasting of ore in the patio process of crusher or breaker | tool used for breaking amalgamation of silver ore stone quenita nf kenyte (obs, olivine phonolitic quebradora nf crusher | q. de carbón coal trachyte) breaker | q. de cono cone crusher | q. de quentalenita nf kentallenite ( obs, augite-olivine mandíbula jaw crusher | q. de quijadas jaw monzonite) crusher | q. giratoria gyratory crusher queramiquita nf keramikite (obs, cordierite quebraja nf break, crack hyalorhyolite) quebrajar vtr to crack, split queramohalita nf alunogen quebrantable adj brittle querargira nf cerargyrite quebrantamiento nm breaking, breaking up, querargirita nf cerargyrite breakage, shattering queratófido nm keratophyre | q. cuarcífero quebrantar vtr to break | to crush | to split | to quartz keratophyre crack | to spall queratófiro nm keratophyre quebrantarse vpr to break, crack, split queratoporfirita nf keratophyre | q. cuarzosa quebrantador nm stone crusher or breaker | tool quartz keratophyre used for breaking stone quercyita nf carbonate-hydroxylapatite quebrantura nf ravine quermesita nf kermesite quebrar vtr to break | to cob ore | vintr to break querogeno nm kerogen quebrarse vpr to break, be broken querol nm kerol quebrazón de veta nm [Méx] break in a vein querosene nm kerosene quedada nf [Bol] voluntary overtime by contract queroseno nm kerosene workers queroteno nm kerotene quedar determinado vtr delineated in space quersantita nf kersantite queenstownita nf Darwin glass Quersoneso nm Kertch quelidonia nf chelidon quesenita nf kåsenite (obs, pyroxene nepheline quelonita nf pyrite or marcasite with a shape carbonatite) that resembles a tortise shell quesilita nf azurite quema nf retorting of amalgam | burning, queso nm [Méx] small cake of silver resulting roasting | [Méx] roasting of ore in the patio from roasting of silver sulfides with litharge in process of amalgamation of silver ore | a small clay furnace or vaso | [Cerro de Pasco, [Guadalcazár, Méx] calcining of mercury ore in Pe] pressed cake of amalgam clay retorts quespi nm [Pe] quartz quemadero nm [Méx] retort used to recover quetenita nf botryogen mercury from amalgam in the patio process of quetzalcoatlita nf quetzalcoatlite amalgamating silver ores quetzalztlí nm [Méx] transluscent green vareity quemado,-da adj porcellaneous | nm of jade porcellanite | gossan having a burnt quevellita nf kvellite (obs, ultrabasite) Q-2 quiastolita nf chiastolite quincita nf quincite (pink sepiolite) | quinzite quiebra nf fault, fracture, break, fissure | (rose-colored common opal) breaking or crushing of ore | bankruptcy, quine nm Kinne diabase (obs, olivine diabase) failure quintal nm hundredweight | a weight quieselgur nm kieselguhr equivalent to 4 arrobas | fifth part of 100 | quijo nm gangue or matrix, generally quartzose [Almadén, Sp] weight of ore found in an | gold- or silver-bearing quartz | q. azucarado. ordinary espuerta terrera | q. métrico 100 [Hualgáyoc, Pe] very finely crystalline, sugary kilograms quartz | q. de hierro gossan | q. podrido [Pe] quintalaje nm [Ch] weight in quintals porous quartz often containing gold quintear vtr [Bol] to sort or cob ore by hand quilatador nm assayer (of gold or silver) quiroguita nf [Sierra Almagrera, Sp] antimonial quilatar vtr to assay (gold or silver) galena quilate nm carat | a weight of 4 granos, the third quirunavaarita nf magnetinite part of a tomin | oro de 18 quilates 18 carat gold quiselgur nm kieselguhr quilaveita nf kilaueite (obs, olivine-magnetite quisqueíta nf [Quisque, Pe] quisqueite (var basalt) asphaltite) quilita nf kylite (obs, olivine theralite) quitar vtr to remove | to take away | to extract, quilo nm kilo, kilogram separate | q. el mineral remove or extract ore | quilogramo nm kilogram q. las impurezas a un mineral separate waste from quilolino nm kiloline ore, concentrate ore quilómetro nm kilometer quitarse vpr to be removed, taken away, quillo nm [Pe] pyrite extracted, separated quimbalete nm [Pe] large stone used in hand quintar vtr to tax by taking a portion by weight grinding of ore or value of refined metal produced | q. del quimberlita nf kimberlite diezmo to tax at the rate of one tenth química nf chemistry | chemist | q. geológica quinto nm a fifth, tax levied on refined metal geochemistry | q. inorgánica inorganic production | [Linares, Sp] one lead-smelting chemistry | q. mineral inorganic chemistry | q. operation of a boliche furnace orgánica organic chemistry quinto real nm old Spanish colonial tax on químico,-ca adj chemical | nm chemical | q. mines originally set at a fifth or 20 percent, but geológico geochemist later reduced quimismo nm chemism quitina nf chitin quinceno nm a fifteenth, the amount of colonial quitinoso,-sa adj chitinous silver production taken by the Royal Treasury quitón nm chiton to pay for mercury and salt issued to minera on quitzalitztli nm [Méx] a green, transluscent jade credit quivita nf kivite (obs, olivine-leucite basanite)

R-1

R rambla nf rambla, a dry ravine or bed of an ephemeral stream | sandy place | ground covered with sand after floods rabdomancia nf rhabdomancy, dowsing rámeo nm [Ch] zone of disseminated copper rabión nm rapids | riffle ores that separates richer ores rabos nmpl [Antioqua, Col] silver-rich slimes ramificación nf division of a vein into branches from the final (third) settling-vat used for the ramificado,-da adj branching, braided treatment of tailings ramificarse vpr to split up into or divide into radiación nf radiation | r. de fondo background branches, to branch, to feather out radiation | r. gamma gamma radiation ramita de filón nf branch or leader vein radiactividad nf radioactivity ramito nm stringer radiactivo,-va adj radioactive ramiza nfpl branches radiado,-da adj radiate ramo nm small branch | branch of a vein radial adj radial ramosita nf scoria radioactivación nf radioactivation rampa nf working face | ascent |[struc] ramp | radioactividad nf radioactivity slope radioactivo,-va adj radioactive. rampla nf ramp, shallow incline radiocoloide nm radiocolloid ramplón,-ona adj upright radiodetector nm water monitor (for ramsayita nf lorenzenite radioactivity) rancholabreiense adj Rancholabrean radiogénico,-ca adj radiogenic ranquilita nf haiweeite radiohidrología nf radiohydrology ranura nf groove | r. de deslizamiento striae radiolario nm radiolarian raña nf fanglomerate | [Sp] alluvial deposits of radiolisis nf radiolysis Villafrankian age radiolítico,-ca adj radiolitic rapasa nf any easily worked stone radioluminiscencia nf radioluminescence rapidez nf rate | r. de crecimiento growth rate radiométrico,-ca adj radiometric rápido nm rapids radioquímica nf radiochemistry rasa nf high mountain plain | r. costera coastal radioquimismo nm radiometrics plain raedera nf semicircular rake used for collecting rascar vtr to rework the surface of an abandoned ore mine rafa nf subsidence rasgo nm characteristic, feature, trait | [Méx] raíz nm root length of underground workings along the raja nf cut | crack, split strike of a vein rajado,-da adj split, cracked | [Bol] stoped raspador nm [Méx] miner who works the surface rajadura nf fissure, crack, split of a vein or deposit. rajar vtr to split, crack | [Bol] to extract blocked- raspadura nf streak | scrapings out ore, stope raspar vtr to abrade | to scrape | to clean up an rajarse vpr to split, crack arrastre| [Bol] to clean up any ore remaining in rajo nm [Bol] block (of ore in a mine) | stope | old workings shallow open cut | r. abierto glory hole | r. al sol raspiñar vtr [Bol] to clean up any ore remaining glory hole in old workings rama nf branch | branch vein | principal gallery rasposo nm [Comanja, Méx] native silver in a mine rastro nm track, trace ramada nf branches ratonera nf [Bol] dog-hole, coyote-hole, rat-hole ramaje nm collection of branches or any other shallow working of little ramal nm secondary branch | secondary gallery consequence in a mine | branch or offshoot of a vein rauda nf rapids ramalearse vpr to split off, branch off rauraciano,-na adj Rauracian ramaleo nm [Guanajuato, Méx] irregular, rauraciense adj Rauracian twisted veins of quartz and calcite rayado,-da adj striped, banded rayano,-na adj bordering, adjacent R-2 rayo nm ray | r. gamma gamma ray | r. x X-ray recoger vtr to collect | to gather or collect ores razón nm ratio | rate | r. de correlación recolectar vtr to collect correlation coefficient | r. de verosimilitudes recompresión nf repressuring (an almost likelihood ratio depleted well) reacción nf reaction | r. esotérmica exothermic reconcentrado nm [Méx] concentrate reaction reconcentrar vtr to concentrate reaccionar vintr to react recongelación nf refreezing reacondicionar vtr to workover (a well) reconocer vtr to search or explore for mineral reactivación nf reactivation deposits | to prospect reactivo,-va adj reactive | nm reagent reconociendo nm prospecting, exploration real nm [Méx] mining district, traditionally reconocimiento nm exploration, prospecting, consisting of at least six operating mines and search | reconnaissance four reduction works adjacent to a town reconsecuente adj reconsequent, resequent governed by the appropriate civial authorities reconstructivo,-va adj recontructive | coin used in colonial Spanish America equal recorrer vtr to traverse to 1/4 of a peseta or 25 céntimos | r. de recorrimiento nm [surv] traversing fontanero measure of the rate of water flow | r. recorte nm [Bol] cross-cut de minas mining district, mining town | r. de oro recostado,-da adj recumbant [Col] a weight, equivalent to a half a tomín and recostar vintr to dip 1/16 a castellano recristalización nf recrystallization Real Caja nf local branch office of the royal rectificación nf rectification | correction of a Spanish treasury mining claim realce nm any working face that is raised above rectilíneo,-nea adj rectilinear haulage ways | r. lateral overhand stoping recto,-ta adj straight realizar vtr [Bol] to classify ores prior to recubrimiento nm covering selective mining recuesto nm inclination or dip | slope reavance nm readvance recumbente adj recumbent rebajar vtr to stope underhand recuperación nf recovery (of ore etc.) | r. rebaje nm butting against | cut | r. de cabeza secundaria secondary recovery overhand stope | r. descendente underhand recurso nm resource | r. no renovable stope nonrenewable resource rebajo nm [Méx] working of a mineral deposit | rechazo nm fault offset or displacement | r. r. del cielo overhand stoping | r. lateral horizontal horizontal displacement | r. vertical underhand stoping vertical displacement, throw rebanada nf a slice of mineral or rock red nf network, stockwork | crystal structure | rebanado nm slicing (in mining) r. alveolar network | r. atómica atomic structure rebosdadero nm [Ch] isolated, irregular pocket | r. cristalográfica crystal structure | r. de of ore | [Pe] gold placer fracturas fracture network | r. de iones ionic rebotallero nm [Méx] person who scavenges structure | r. filoniana stockwork dumps for ore redenominado,-da adj renamed reciente adj recent redeposición nf redeposition recincho nm [Villanueva del Río, Sevilla, Sp] redepositado,-da adj redeposited, reworked pyrite-bearing, fine-grained sandstone partings redepositar vtr to redeposit found in coal beds redepósito nm redeposition recial nm rapids rediferenciación nf redifferentiation reciclaje de gas nm cycling of gas redoma nf laboratory flask recincho nm [Sevilla, Sp] pyritiferous sandstone redondeado,-da adj rounded occurring in coal seams redondez nf roundness recio,-ia adj coarse | nm [Sierra Almagrera, Sp] redoniense adj Redonian highest grade ore redoxomórfico,-ca adj redoxomorphic recobro nm recovery (expressed in percent) redruthita nf chalcocite recodo nm river bend R-3 reducción nf reduction | r. de escorias slag aceptación acceptance region | r. de hundimiento fuming (reduction of zinc oxide in lead slag) graben | r. de rechazo rejection region reducir vtr [chem] to reduce registración nf [maps] registration reductor,-tora adj reducing | nm reducing registrar vtr to file, to register (a mining claim) agent, reducer registro nm record | log | logging | r. acústico reemplazamiento nm replacement acoustic log | r. de pozo well log | well logging reemplazar vtr to replace | r. eléctrico electric log reemplazo nm replacement regla nf rule | pattern | [surv] rod used in reentrante adj reentrant | nm reentrant measuring base of triangulation | r. de cálculo refinado,da adj refined | r. al fuego fire refined slide rule refinadura nf refining reglón nm [surv] vertical measuring rod refinar vtr to refine regmático,-ca adj regmatic refinería nf refinery | r. petrolífera oil refinery regola nf undercut refino nm refinery | refining regolita nf regolith reflectancia nf reflectance regradación nf regradation reflejado,-ja adj reflected regresión nf [strat, stats] regression | r. lineal reflejo,-ja adj reflected | nm fluorescence of linear regression | r. polinómica polynomial petroleum, "bloom" regression reflexión nf reflection | r. fantasma ghost regresivo,-va adj regressive reflection reguero nm undercut reflujo nm ebb tide | reflux regular adj average, usual, normal refoga nf [Pe] retort used for vaporizing rehabilitación nf rehabilitation, reopening (of mercury from amalgam mines, workings, etc.) refogar vtr [Pe] to retort amalgram rejalgar nm realgar refoliación nf refoliation rejilla nf ripple reformación nf reformation (petroleum rejuvenado,-da adj rejuvenated products) rejuvenecimiento nm rejuvenation reformar vtr to reform (petroleum products) relación nf ratio, proportion | rate | r. de refracción nf refraction | r. de clivaje cleavage actividad activity ratio | r. gas/petróleo gas oil refraction | r. del crucero cleavage refraction | r. ratio de la esqiustocidad cleavage refraction | r. doble relacionado,-da adj allied double refraction relajación nf relaxation refractar vtr to refract relativo,-va adj relative refractario,-ria adj refractory | nm refraction relaves nmpl residues remaining after washing refractivo,-va nm refractive of placer ores | second washing of ore | tails refractometría nf refractometry relece nm [Col] ore left behind in former refractómetro nm refractometer workings as unprofitable refringencia nf refractivity, refringence relevamiento nm topographic survey refringente adj refringent relevar vtr to take topography refringir vtr to refract relicto,-ta adj relict refugiense adj Refugian relieve nm relief | r. de erosión erosional relief | regadura nf undercutting, undermining, holing r. estructural structural relief | en r. in relief | undercut reliquia nf relict regato nm pool | stream reliz nm [Méx] wall-rock separating branches of regatón nm [Col] kind of chopper used in a vein | bounding plane between wall rock and washing gold ore regelación nf regelation reluciente adj clear | [Méx] finely crystalline regenerado,-da adj regenerated (said of galena) regente nm [Bol] mine foreman relumbroso,-sa adj shining, glistening región nf region | r. abisal abyssal area | r. relleno nm filling | filler | backfill (in a mine) | adiabática adiabatic region | r. asísmica aseismic rellena de fisura fracture filling region | r. de ablación ablation area | r. de remanso nm pool of still water | backwater R-4 remate nm pinch out, thinning or wedging out. resbalamiento nm overlapping remoción nf denudation resbalarse vpr to run side-by-side (as for veins) remolenita nf atacamite resbalo nm hill with steep slopes | abrupt slope remolino nm whirlpool, eddy, swirl | pocket, resbalón nm overlapping | landslide | fault mass or bunch of ore | [Pampa de Nevar, Pe] rescatador nm private purchaser of ores and supergene ores consisting of native gold and refined metals silver spun together like thread or wire rescatar vtr [Méx] to buy ore rendición nf yield rescate nm [Méx] tribute of gold demanded of rendimiento nm yield, return | product, output native peoples by the conquering Spanish | | daily production rate for oil and/or gas wells private purchase of ore or refined metal | r. de un pozo yield of a well rescatín nm person who buys ore from Indians rendir vintr to yield | to produce in small lots renglonadura nf ruled lines | nfpl ruling reseco nm [Santa Eulalia, Méx] lead carbonate reniforme adj reniform, kidney-shaped ore renio nm rhenium | r.-osmio rhenium-osmium resecuente adj resequent renta nf income | rent | interest, return | r. neta resedimentación nf resedimentation de amortización decreciente net income for resedimentado,-da adj resedimented depletion allowance | a r. on lease reservas nfpl reserves | r. especulativas rentabilidad nf profitability speculative reserves | r. hipotética hypothetical rentable adj profitable reserves | r. no descubiertos undiscovered rentar vtr to yield, produce | to let, rent reserves | r. no desarrolladas undeveloped reoignimbrita nf rheoignimbrite proven reserves | r. posibles possible reserves | reología nf rheology r. primaria primary reserves | r. probadas proven reológico,-ca adj rheologic reserves | r. real actual reserve. | r. secundaria reomórfico,-ca adj rheomorphic secondary reserves | r. suplementarias reomorfismo nm rheomorphism supplementary reserves reotropismo nm rheotropism residuo nm residuum, residue | [math] repacho nm slope remainder | waste from cobbing ore | r. aluvial repartamiento nm allotment of mitayos to a mine alluvium or mill resiliencia nf resilience reparto de la demanda nm prorationing resina nf resin repasiri nm minga employed to mix, ladle and resinero,-ra adj resin trod ore in the patio process of amalgamation of resinita nf resinite (variety of chalcedony) | silver ores fossil resin | hydrated quartz repecho nm declivity, slope resinoide nm resinoid repetición nf repeatability resinoso,-sa adj resinous, resin repetido,-da adj repeated resistencia nf resistence repettiense adj Repettian resistente nm resistant réplica de un terremoto nf aftershock. resistividad nf resistivity | r. aparente apparent represa nf dam | r. para colas tailings dam resistivity representación de un registro nf [seis] play back resorber vtr to reabsorb reproducción nf reproductibility resorberse vpr to be reabsorbed reptación nf creep | r. del suelo soil creep resorción nf reabsorption, resorption reptante adj creeping resorte nm spring requiebro nm crushing of ores after exploitation respaldo nm wall of a vein, etc. | country rock | [Almadén, Sp] medium grade mercury ore adjacent to a vein, etc. | [Bol] any remnants of resaca nf wave recession, backwash | resaca, a ore in an old working | r. de alto or superior long narrow, meandering lake in the bed of a hanging wall | r. de bajo or superior footwall former stream channel resquebrajo nm cracked | dessicated resalto nm rebound restinga nf bank, shoal resbaladero nm ore chute restingar nmpl shoals resbalado,-da adj overlapping restita nf restite R-5 resto nm residue mitayos or mingas under one's charge who have restringido,-da adj restricted fled restringir vtr to restrict, limit rezumir vtr to ooze, exude | to percolate | vintr resumen nm abstract to seep, ooze resumidero nm [Guerrero, Méx] limestone cave rezumirse vpr to ooze, seep or cavern rhodaniense adj Rhodanian resurgencia nf resurgence ría nf ria, creek | mouth of a river | estuary resurgente adj resurgent riacolita nf sanidine retardación nf [cryst] retardation riachuelo nm rivlet retención nf retention riazaniense adj Ryazanian retenido,-da adj retained riatillo nm rivlet reticulado,-da adj reticulate, reticulated, ribazo nm mound, hillock, sloping bank resembling a network | en reticulado. ribera nf river bank (usually steep) | seashore | stockwork r. alta high bank | undercut stope | r. playa flat reticular adj net-like bank, slip-off slope retículo nm lattice rico,-ca adj rich retiano,-na adj Rhaetian riego nm [Col] float derived from a mineral retiense adj Rhaetian deposit retinasfalto nm retinasphalt riel nm small ingot or bar of metal retinita nf retinite | pitchstone rielado,-da adj reduced to ingots retorta nf retort rielera nf ingot mold retroceso nm recession riesgo nm risk retrodiagénesis nf hypergenesis rifle nm riffle retrogradación nf retrogradation rigidez nf rigidity retrográdo,-da adj retrograde rimaya nf bergschrund, crevasse retrogresión nf retrogression rimero nm heap, pile | string of gads retrogresivo,-va adj retrogressive rimpilita nf rimpylite retrometamorfismo nm retrogressive rincón nm inside corner | nook | open-ended metamorphism basin on a mountain | square-cut recess or retroplaya nf backshore hollow in a cliff or reentrant in the borders of a retuerta nf bend in a river palteau or mesa | small secluded valley | retziano nm Retzian inside bend of a stream revenidero nm rock altered by infiltration of rinkita nf mosandrite surface or underground water rinkolita nf mosandrite revenimiento nm subsidence | cave-in riñón nm kidney-shaped mass of ore, nodular reventadero nm rough, uneven ground | ore | wood tin | point at which the ore in a outcrop mine becomes abundant reventazón nm [Méx] outcrop río nm river | r. ancho stream | r. inadaptado reventón nm mass of fine native silver | outcrop misfit river reverberación nf calcination or roasting in a rioandesita nf rhyoandesite reverberatory furnace riocristal nm rhyocrystal reverberante adj reverberatory riodacita nf rhyodacite reverberar vtr to roast (ore) riodiabásico,-ca adj rhyodiabasic revisador nm worker who examines ore riolita nf rhyolite separated by miners riotaxítico,-ca adj rhyotaxitic revolcar vtr [Bol] to rework (old dumps, etc.) ripio nm rubble | spalled rock or ore | small revoltura nf [Méx] mixing ore with flux for ores or fines | drill cutting | residue | gravel | smelting [Col] spalled ore | [Ch] residue left from rezaga nf ore left in a mine evaporating caliche rezagado,-da adj [Méx] piled up, heaped riqueza nf riches | richness | nfpl wealth | r. rezago nm ore left in a mine | [Bol, Pe] fee paid fosilífera fossil content to avoid the mita or to avoid having to replace R-6 risco nm crag, cliff, escarpment | [Méx] bull rocalla nf rubble, talus | stone chippings | quartz | [Villanueva del Río, Sp] country rock striated pebble rítmico,-ca adj rhythmic rocalloso,-sa adj rocky, rubbly | stony rítmita nf rythmite rocoso,-sa adj rocky, rubbly | stony rizadura nf ripple | ripple mark | r. asimétrica rodado,-da adj round | nm float | gravel asymmetric ripple | r. conjugada compound rodesita nf rhodesite ripple | r. de cauce ripple scour | r. de rodio nm rhodium interferencia cross ripple | r. de resaca backwash rodita nf rhodite | diogenite ripple | r. incompleta star ripple | r. linguloide rodizita nf rhodizite cuspate or linguloid ripple | r. regresiva rodocrosita nf rhodocrosite regressive ripple | r. simétrica symmetric ripple rodolita nf rhodolite | r. transversa transverse ripple rodonita nf rhodonite robado,-da adj robbed (as for pillars) | [Col] rodostannita nf rhodostannite showing signs of having been worked before rodusita nf rhodusite robín nm rust roedura nf erosion | corrosion, attrition robusto,-ta adj robust roela nf round piece of crude gold or silver roca nf rock | r. abisal abyssal rock | r. aborregada roeperita nf roepperite roches moutonées | r. ácida acid rock | r. roer vtr to erode alcalina alkaline rock | r. alcalinocálcica roeslerita nf roesslerite, rösslerite calcalkaline rock | r. almacén reservoir rock | r. rogianita nf roggianite amigdaloide amygdaloid rock | r. amorfa rojizo,-za adj reddish amorphous rock | r. asquística aschistic rock | r. rojo,-ja adj red | nm red | r. blanco white heat | autígena authigenic rock | r. básica basic rock | r. cereza cherry red r. calcárea calcareous rock | r. carbonatada rombal adj rhombic carbonate rock | r. clástica clastic rock | r. de rómbico,-ca adj rhombic anhidrita anhydrock | r. de caja wall rock | r. de rombiforme adj rhombic contacto contact metamorphosed rock | r. rombododecaedro nm rhombic dodecahedron cristalina crystalline rock | r. de cubierta cover romboédrico,-ca adj rhombohedral rock | r. de espaldos country rock | r. de nabos romboedro nm rhombohedron laterite | r. del lugar country rock | r. efusiva romboidal adj rhomboidal, diamond-shaped extrusive rock| r. encajante wall rock | r. romboide nm rhomboid eruptiva igneous rock | r. esquistosa schistic rock romboideo,-dea adj rhomboid | r. esteril barren rock | r. estratificada stratified rompeolas nm wave breaker, breakwater rock | r. extrusiva extrusive rock | r. filoniana rompepiedras nm stone crusher dike rock | r. fragmentosa clastic rock | r. hialina romper vtr to break, crush | to pierce, penetrate, volcanic glass | r.-hongo | r. intermediaria break through intermediate rock | r. intrusiva intrusive rock | rompiente nm breaking | breaker | reef, shoal r. madre gangue | source rock | r. magmática rompimiento nm communication between any magmatic rock | r. maleta suitcase rock | r. two parts of a mine | breaking througj metamórfica metamorphic rock | r. muerta ronguero nm [Pe] ore carrier who uses a capacho bedrock (placers) | r. pelítica pelitic rock | r. roqueda nf rocky place picada crushed stone | r. plutónica plutonic rock roquedal nm rocky place | r. productiva reservoir rock | r. recipiente roquedo nm crag, rock reservoir rock | r. salina evaporite | r. roqueño,-ña adj rocky sedimentaria sedimentary rock | r. silícea silicic rosa adj pink | nf rose diamond | rose, rosette | rock | r. superficial volcanic rock | r. vítrea r. de diaclasas joint rose or rosette volcanic glass | r. vecina country rock, wall rosado,-da adj pink, rosy, rose-colored rock | r. verde greenstone | r. viva unaltered rosario nm chain | en rosario en echelón rock | r. volcánica volcanic rock | r. zoogena roseta nf rosette copper organic rock rosicler nm bright rosy color | ruby silver rocalita nf rockallite (obs, alkalic granite) (proustite-pyrargyrite) | r. claro proustite | r. de R-7

cobre cuprite | r. negro stephanite | r. oscuro rubidio nm rubidium | r.-estroncio rubidium- pyrargyrite strontium rosolita nf landerite rubinblenda nf rubinblende rosterita nf vorobyevite rubio nm limonite | brown hematite rotación nf rotation rubor nm bright red rotacional adj rotational rugosidad nf rugosity rotativo,-va adj rotary rugoso,-sa adj rugose, wrinkled rotatorio,-ria adj rotary rumbadero nm ore shoot rotoinversión nf rotoinversion rumbeador nm [Méx] prospector rotoreflexión nf rotoreflection rumbo nm strike | direction | r. del buzamiento rótulo nm tag dip direction roza nf undercutting | [Cu] land measure of rumbón nm weathering about 1.2 acres runita nf graphic granite rozadora nf coal cutting machine rupeliano,-na adj Rupelian rozadura nf undercut rupeliense adj Rupelian rozar vtr to undercut, cut away ruptura nf rupture | r. de pendiente break in rubelita nf rubellite (variety of tourmaline) slope rúbeo,-bea adj reddish rusciniense adj Ruscinian. rubí nm (pl rubíes) ruby | r.balaje balas ruby | r. rutenarsenita nf ruthenarsenite de bohemia rose quartz | r. de estaño red ruteniridosmina nf rutheniridosmine crystalline variety of cassiterite | r. del brasil red rutenio nm ruthenium topaz | r. del cabo Cape ruby | r. espinela spinel rutenosmiridio nm ruthenosmiridium ruby | r. estrellado star ruby | r. oriental rutilado,-da adj rutilated corundum. | r. rosado balas ruby rutilo nm rutile rubial nm [Cartagena, Sp] siliceous, magnesium bearing partings in iron ore

S-1

S potassium and magnesium salts | s. de garza rock salt intermediate in purity and porosity between s. de barca and s. de corazón | s. de saaliense adj Saalian manantiales brine salt | s. de roca rock salt | s. de sábado nm a piece of high grade ore, of the sort tierra impure salt found in dried lake beds | s. that Mexican miners were once permitted to dura salts of the sylvite group, e.g. sylvite, search for on the mine dumps each Saturday (el kieserite and halite | s. gema sock salt, halite | sábado) or might otherwise help themselves to s. gorda or en grumos clotty salt evaporated from on any other day of the week brine | s. marina sea salt | s. pedrés or piedra sabana nf savannah | a placer mine located rock salt | s. potásica potassium salt | s. above water, on the banks of a river principal carnalite, kieserite and halite | s. roja sabanalamar nm [Col] low-lying area frequently unwashed salt flooded by the sea salacuifer nm saline aquifer sabanazo nm [Col] small stretch of flat land salada nf [US] salt covered plain where a lake sabanera nf diorite has evaporated sabiniense adj Sabinian saladar nm salt marsh | pool filled with tide or sablón nm coarse sand flood waters in which salt deposits are formed sábulo nm fine gravel by evaporation | dry lake, salar sabuloso,-sa adj sandy, gritty, arenaceous, salado,-da adj saline, salty, salt sabulous, sabulose, sabuline salar nm saline lake deposits consisting largely saca nf extraction, taking out, withdrawl, of evaporites and brines | salt marsh | salt flat removal of ore, etc. | [Bol] drill cuttings | salting of a mine or prospect sacador nm sampler | s. de muestras sampler, salazón nm [Arg] salinity sampling device salbanda nf thin layer of clay between a vein sacamuestras nfpl sampler, sampling device | and wall-rock, selvage, salband core barrel | s. de fondo bottom sampler | s. de salero nm salt mine pared side wall sampler salfémico,-ca adj salfemic sacanúcleo nm core barrel | s. de pared wall salíco,-ca adj salic sampler salida nf outcrop | leak or seep sacar vtr to extract, take out, remove ores, etc. saliente nm salient sacatestigo nm core barrel salífero,-ra adj saliferous saco nm sack | s. de ixtle. sack made from the salina nf salt mine | salt marsh | salina | salt fibre of the lechaguilla plant that holds 5 to 6 pan | salt basin | salt flat | [Arg] salt desert arrobas of ore | de s. or en s. irregular, sack-like salinas nfpl salt works | salt marsh sacudida nf shaking | s. sísmica earthquake salinero,-ra adj salt | requiring much salt in the saetín nm chute, headrace, flume patio process of amalgamation of silver ore | sagenítico,-ca adj rutilated, sagenitic nm person employed to add salt to ore in the saheliano,-na adj Sahelian patio process of amalgamating silver ore saheliense adj Sahelian salinidad nf salinity sajoniano,-na adj Saxonian saliniense adj Salinan sajónico,-ca adj Saxonian salinización nf salinization sajoniense adj Saxonian salino,-na adj saline, salty sajonita nf saxonite salinométro nm salinometer sakmariense adj Sakmarian salitrado,-da adj saltpetrous sal nf salt | s. amarga epsomite | s. blanca salitral adj saltpetrous | nm salt deposit | washed salt | s. común rock salt, halite | s. de saltpeter deposit | saltpeter/nitrate works | agua salt crystallized from water | s. de barco salt basin | [Arg] salt marsh, salt steppe porous, impure rock salt | s. de compás sock salt salitre nm salpeter, niter | [Ch] sodium nitrate | s. de corazón. pure, nonporous salt | s. de salitrera nf salpeter deposit or bed | [Ch] desecho salts such as kieserite, sylvanite, deposit of sodium nitrate carnalite, kainite and polyhalite that were once salitrería nf salpeter or nitrate works considered worthless | s. de desescombro beds of salitrero,-ra adj salpetrous | nm salpeter worker S-2 salitroso,-sa adj salpetrous saprosammita nf sandy sapropel salma nf ton sarabiado,-da adj gneissic salmoita nf tarbuttite sarcopsida nf sarcopside salmuera nf brine sardiense adj Sardic salobral adj saline sardio nm sard salobre adj brackish, briny or salty sardo nm sard salobreño,ña adj saline sardónica nf sard salobridad nf saltiness, brackishness sardónice nm sardonyx salón nm cavern or chamber of ore sardonio nm sardonyx saloneo nm [Bol] room with roof supported by sardónique nm sardonyx pillars or timbering sardónix nm sardonyx salopiense adj Salopian sarmatiano,-na adj Sarmantian salsa nf mud volcano sarmantiense adj Sarmantian salsedumbre nf salinity sarro nm scale, incrustation salsima nf salsima, sialsima sarroso,-sa adj scaley, incrusted saltación nf saltation sasasa nf [Vz] a local variety of sandstone saltierra nf impure salt derived from dried lake sassolina nf sassolite beds satelita nf satelite, fibrous serpentine salto nm throw of a fault | fault | s. aparente a saturación nf saturation | s. pendular pendular younger vein which intersects an older vein at water saturation an acute angle such that it follows the older saturado,-da adj saturated vein for a distance | s. de agua waterfall | s. saturar vtr to saturate horizontal horizontal displacement, shift | s. saucesiense adj Saucesian neto slip | s. vertical vertical displacement, saukovita nf metacinnabar throw saussuritización nf saussuritization samario nm samarium | s.-neodimio samarium- scachita nf scacchite neodymium scytiano,-na adj Scythian sammita nf psammite scytiense adj Scythian sammítico,-ca adj psammitic schapbachita nf matildite sammogénico,-ca adj psammogenic scheibeita nf phoenicochroite sandía nf [NMex] oblong, oval or rounded schoenita nf picromerite mountain resembling a watermelon secano nm sand bar saneado,-da adj drained secas nfpl refined silver saneamiento nm drainage sección nf section | s. delgada thin section | s. sanear vtr to drain, dry out longitudinal longitudinal section | s. pulimentada sangamoniense adj Sangamonian polished section | s. transversal cross section sangría nf a tunnel that joins two main shafts secadal nm moorland sanguinaria nf bloodstone secreción nf secretion | segregation sanidina nf sanidine sectil adj sectile sannoniano,-na adj Sannonian secron nm sechron sannoniense adj Sannonian sector nm section, part, sector | area, zone sano nm whole, virgin, unworked ground secuaniano,-na adj Sequanian santoniano,-na adj Santonian secuaniense adj Sequanian santoniense adj Santonian secuencia nf sequence | s. estratigráfica sanukitoide nm orthoandesite sedimentary sequence sapantracita nf sapanthracite secundario,-ria adj secondary | supergene | nm saperita nf sapperite Mesozoic saponita nf soapstone, saponite sedentario,-ria adj sedentary saprolítico,-ca adj saprolitic sediflucción nf sedifluction sapropel nm sapropel sedimentación nf sedimentation | s. euxina sapropélico,-ca adj sapropelic euxenic sedimentation sapropelita nf sapropel sedimentar nf to aggrade, sediment S-3 sedimentario,-ria adj sedimentary senil adj senile (erosion) sedimento nm sediment, deposit | s. abisal senilidad nf senility (erosion) pelagic sediment | s. anemógeno aeolian seno nm trough sediment | s. clástico clastic sediment | s. de mar senoniano,-na adj Senonian profundo pelagic sediment | s. efestógeno senoniense adj Senonian volcaniclastic sediment | s. eólico aeolian sensitividad nf sensitivity sediment | s. biógeno organic sediment | s. sentarse en vpr to intersect, as in a shaft clástico clastic sediment | s. criógeno glacial intersecting a vein sediment | s. eólico aeolian sediment | s. sentazón nm rock slide or landslide eupelágico | s. fluvial fluvial sediment | s. sentido nm sense or direction of throw on a fault hemipelágico hemipelagic deposit | s. límnico señoraje nm royalty paid to the crown or state lacustrine sediment | s. litoral coastal sediment señorial nm [Huancavelica, Pe] smelter tolls | s. marino marine sediment | s. mecánico paid to owners of pachamanca furnaces mechanical sediment | s. orgánico organic separación nf sorting or classification of ore | sediment | s. organógeno organic sediment | s. separation | parting pelágico pelagic deposit | s. químico chemical separar vtr to sort or classify ore sediment separata nf reprint sedimentos nmpl drill cuttings sepé nm [Col] layer of iron stained clay found sedimentología nf sedimentology above auriferous gravels sedimentorio nm sedimentation separador nm separator | s. de gas gas separator sedoso,-sa adj silky septentrional nm vein having a north-south seelandiense adj Seelandian trend seficidad nf psephicity séptima nf one seventh of the able-bodied work sefita nf sudite, psephite force of an Indian community drawn for sefítico,-ca adj psephitic service in the mita segmentación nf segmentation sequaniense adj Sequanian segmentado,-da adj segmented ser un oral v. intr. [Col] to be a rich mine segmento nm segment sericítico,-ca adj sericitic segregación nf segregation sericitización nf sericitization segregado,-da adj segregated serie nf series | s. calco-alcalina calc-alkaline segullo nm overburden on a gold mine series | s. isoquímica isochemical series | s. segundo nm second ordenada ordered series | s. petrolífera oil- seísmo nm earthquake, seism bearing series or strata selección nf selection, sorting | s. a mano hand serir nm serir, stony desert sorting serpenteado,-da adj having a serpentine or seleccionado,-da adj sorted, selected highly variable strike or trend (veins) selectivo,-va adj selective serpentina nf serpentine | s. fibrosa crysotile | s. selenio nm selenium hojosa antigorite selenato nm selenate serpentinización nf sepentinization selenida nf selenide serpofita nf serpophita selenita nf selenite serrado,-da adj serrate, serrated selen-telurio nm selen-tellurium serranía nf ridge semialto nm [Tepezala, Aguascalientes, Méx] serravalliense adj Serravallian furnace used for smelting copper ore sesgadura nf shearing semiantracita nf semianthracite sesgo,-ga adj biased | nm bias | sin s. unbiased semibituminoso,-sa adj semibituminous sesgoconglomerado nm edgewise structure semicratónico,-ca adj quasicratonic seudoautunita nf pseudoautunite semicristalino,-na adj hyalocrystalline seudoboleita nf pseudoboleite senda nf foot trail, path seudobomba nf lava ball senecaniense adj Senecan seudobrecha nf pseudobreccia senectud nf senescence seudobrookita nf pseudobrookite senescente adj senescent seudocapa nf pseudobed S-4 seudocarst nm pseudokarst siderodote nm siderodot (var siderite) seudocirco nm pseudocirque siderofilita nf siderophyllite seudoclorita nf pseudochlorite siderófilo,-la adj siderophile seudoconcreción nf pseudoconcretion siderófiro nm siderophyre seudoconglomerado nm pseudoconglomerate siderolito nm aerosiderite seudocotunita nf pseudocotunnite sideroso,-sa adj siderose | nf siderite seudocrisolita nf pseudochrysolite siderosfera nf siderosphere, inner core seudocrital nm pseudocrystal siderotilo nm siderotil seudo-difusión nf pseudo-diffusion sidurgia nf iron and steel industry seudofalla nf pseudofault siderúrgico,-ca adj iron and steel seudofenocristo nm pseudophenocryst siegeniano,-na adj Siegenian seudofibroso,-sa adj pseudofibrous siegeniense adj Siegenian seudofita nf pseudophite sienido,-da adj syenide seudofósil nm pseudofossil sienita nf syenite seudogalena nf sphalerite sienitoide nm syenitoide seudogradacional adj pseudogradational sienodiorita nf syenodiorite seudolaguna nf pseudolagoon sienogabro nm syenogabbro seudolaueita nf pseudolaueite sierra nf mountain range | ridge seudoleucita nf pseudoleucite sierranita nf sierranite seudomalaquita nf pseudomalachite siferna nf siferna, sima seudomatriz nf pseudomatrix sigmoideo,-dea adj sigmoid, sigmoidal seudomicrita nf pseudomicrite sil nm yellow ochre seudomicrosparita nf pseudomicrosparite silcreta nf silcrete seudomonoclínico,-ca adj pseudomonoclinic silesiense adj Silesian seudomontaña nf pseudomountain sílex nm flint, silex, chert | silica seudomórfico,-ca adj pseudomorphic silexita nf quartzolite, silexite | chert seudomorfismo nm pseudomorphism silhidrita nf silhydrite seudomorfo nm pseudomorph silicación nf silication seudonódulo nm pseudonodule silicado,-da adj silicated seudo-ofítico,-ca adj pseudo-ophitic silicalita nf silicalite seudo-oolito nm pseudo-oolith silicato nm silicate | s. aislado nesosilicate | s. de seudoporfirítico,-ca adj pseudoporphyritic aluminio aluminosilicate | s. en andamiaje seudoporfiroblástico,-ca adj tectosilicate | s. en anillo ring silicate, pseudoporphyroblastic cyclosilicate | s. en cadena chain silicate, seudosefita nf peudobreccia, inosilicate | s. en grupo sorosilicate | s. en hoja pseudoconglomerate phyllosilicate seudorutilo nm pseudorutile sílice nf silica seudosecundario,-ria adj pseudosecondary silíceo,-cea adj siliceous seudosparita nf pseudosparite siliciclástico,-ca adj siliciclastic seudostratificación nf pseudostratification silícico,-ca adj silicic seudosimetría nf pseudosymmetry silicificación nf silicification seudotaquilita nf pseudotachylite silcificado,-da adj silicified seudovitrinita nf pseudovitrinite silicificar vtr to silicify seudovitrinoide nm pseudovitrinoid silicilíto nm silicilith seudovolcán nm pseudovolcano silicinato,-ta adj silicinate seudowavellita nf crandallite silicio nm silicon sial nm sial, upper crust, sal, granitic layer siliciofita nf siliciophite siálico,-ca adj sialic silicoso,-sa adj siliceous sialita nf sialite, clay mineral silicotélico,-ca adj telehemic siallítico,-ca adj siallitic silificación nf silicification siciliense adj Sicilian silo nm sill siderazote nm siderazot silomelana nf psilomelane S-5 siluriano,-na adj Silurian | nm Silurian síntesis nm synthesis silúrico,-ca adj Silurian | nm Silurian sintético,-ca adj synthetic silvanita nf sylvanite sirca nf [Ch] vein silvina nf sylvite sircar vtr [Ch] to strip overburden from a vein silvinita nf sylvinite (mixture of halite and sismicidad nf seismicity sylvite) sísmico,-ca adj seismic | nf seismic | s. aplicada silvita nf sylvite seismic reccording silla nf saddle, as in a vein, fold, etc. sismita nf seismite sillar nm sillar | nonwelded ash-flow tuff sísmo nm earthquake | s. cercano nearby sillería nf ashlar stone earthquake | s. de dislocación tectonic sillina nf [Pe] sulfur earthquake | s. distante distant earthquake | s. sima nf sima, intermediate layer, basaltic layer | final aftershock | s. lejano distant earthquake | chasm, abyss, cavern s. local nearby earthquake | s. preliminar simático,-ca adj simatic foreshock | s. precursor foreshock | s. principal simetría nf symmetry main shock | s. tectónico tectonic earthquake | simétrico,-ca adj symmetric, symmetrical s. volcánico volcanic earthquake simictita nf symmictite | diamictite sismoescopo nm seismoscope simpléctico,-ca adj symplectic sismógrafo nm seismograph | s. de relexión simplectita nf symplectite reflection seismograph | s. de refracción simplesita nf symplesite refraction seismograph | s. sintético synthetic sinadelfita nf synadelphite seismograph sinantéctico,-ca adj synantectic sismograma nm seismogram sinclinal adj synclinal | nm syncline | s. acostado sismología nf seismology recumbant syncline. | s. asimétrico asymmetric sismometría nf seismometry syncline | s. recostado recumbant syncline | s. sismómetro nm seismometer recumbente recumbant syncline | s. simétrico sismondina nf sismondine symmetric syncline | s. volcado overturned sistema nm system | process | s. cantera syncline quarrying | s. cristalino crystal system | s. de sinclinorio nm synclinorium fallas fault system | s. de paradas [Ch] recovery sincroneidad nf synchroneity of sodium nitrate by evaporating caliche in an sincrónico,-ca adj synchronous iron caldron | [seis] s. de tiro shooting system | sinchisita nf synchysite s. digitalizador digitizer | s. hidrográfico river sindeposición nf syndeposition system sindeposicional adj syndepositional sistemático,-ca adj systematic sineclisa nf synclise sitaparita nf bixbyite sinemuriano,-na adj Sinemurian sitio nm location, site | s. de labor [Méx] a land sinemuriense adj Sinemurian measure of 5,000 varas square | s. de ganado sinforma nf synform mayor an area of land 5,000 varas 1 league singénesis nf syngenesis square | s. de ganado menor an area of land 3,333 singenético,-ca adj syngenetic varas square singonia cristalográfica nf crystallization system situación nf location, site | s. de sondeo well site siniense adj sinian, siphean or location siniestro,-tra adj sinistral situadista nm worker employed to transport sinkinemático,-ca adj synkinematic situados sinópal nm sinople situados nmpl payments in silver from silver sinorogénico,-ca adj synorogenic mines to the Spanish royal exchequer (often sintectónico,-ca adj syntectonic incorrectly applied to all silver shipments from sinsedimentario nm synsedimentary South America) sintáctico,-ca adj syntactic situar vtr to locate sintéctico,-ca adj syntectic skiddaviano,-na adj Skiddavian sintectita nf syntectite skiddaviense adj Skiddavian sintectónico,-ca adj syntectonic skytiense adj Skythian S-6 smirnovita nf thorutite solera negra or solera pobre nf [Almadén, Sp] smithiense adj Smithian sandstone impregnated with cinnabar sobrecapa nf overburden soleta nf clay or shale parting found in coal sobreconsolidación nf overconsolidation seams sobreempuje adj overthrust solevamiento nm uplift sobreescurrimiento nm overthrust solevantamiento nm uplift sobreexcavación nf overexcavation solfatárico,-ca adj solfataric sobreguía nf intermediate level (in a mine) solidificación nf solidification sobreimposición nf superimposition sólido,-da adj solid sobreplegamiento nm overfold soliflucción nf solifluction sobreponer vtr to overlap soligénuoso,-sa adj soligenuos sobreposición nf overlap solubilidad nf solubility sobrepuesto,-ta adj superimposed, overlapping solución nf solution | s. hidrotermal sobrerrajado nm [Bol] overbreak hydrothermal solution | s. molar molar solution sobresabana nf alluvial deposit | s. sólido solid solution sobresaliente adj overhanging, projecting solvación nf solvation sobresalir vtr to overhang, project, jut out solvente nm solvent sobresaturación nf oversaturation sombra nf grayish tinge exhibited by some ores sobresaturado,-da adj oversaturated | de s. [Col] horizontal, bedded, manto-like sobresaturar vtr to oversaturate sombrero de alteración nm gossan sobrevega nf [PR] highest part of a low-lying sombrio nm [Potosí, Bol] the western side of the area Cerro Rico de Potosí sobreyacente adj overlying somero,-ra adj shallow sócalo nm basemant sonar nm sonar | s. de superficie surface sonar socava nf undermining sonda nf sonde | drill | s. caliza limestone sonde socavación nf undermining | s. de cable cable drill | s. de corona core drill | socavadora nm undercutter s. de cuchara earth auger | s. de diamantes socavamiento nm undermining diamond drill | s. de núcleo core drill | s. de socavar vtr to undermine, undercut, dig under prospección prospecting drill | s. de rotación socavón. nm excavation | gallery, tunnel, adit | rotary drill | s. de tierra earth auger subsidence | s. de cateo prospecting adit | s. de sondador nm echo sounder desagüe drainage adit, drainage tunnel sondaje nm boring, drilling | sounding | s. a socavonero nm worker who drives a tunnel or diamante diamond drilling | s. con corazón core gallery drilling | s. de exploración test drilling | s. de socaz nm tailrace testigo core drilling socio,-ia adj companion, associated sondar vtr to drill, bore | to take soundings socorro nm assistance, aid | s. voluntario [Pe] sondear vtr to drill, bore | to investigate or forced labor in mines abolished in 1812 explore ground | to take soundings sodaclaso nm albite sondeo nm drilling, boring | sounding | s. a la sodalitita nf sodalithite | sodalitite granalla adamantine shot drilling | s. ascendente sódico,-ca adj sodic upward hole | s. desviado deviated hole | s. sodio nm sodium estratigráfico core drilling | s. marino offshore sofocado,-da adj abandoned on account of drilling | s. oblicuo drilling at an angle | s. por flooding (mines) aire air drilling sofocarse vpr to flood soníco,-ca adj sonic sol nm sun | [Potosí, Bol] the eastern side of sonógrafo nm sonograph Cerro Rico de Potosí sonrosado,-da adj rosy, pink solapado,-da adj overlapped, overlapping soplado nm deep fissure | open pocket in a vein, solapar vtr to overlap generally lined by druse | alluvium poor in soldadura nf coalescence | fusion gold soldarse vpr to coalesce sorbencia nf seepage sordawalita nf tachylyte S-7 soroche nm argentiferous lead ore, usually subfábrico nm subfabric galena | s. plomoso lead carbonate | s. reluciente subfelspático,-ca adj subfeldspathic argentiferous galena subfillarenita nf subphyllarenite soroque nm gangue, matrix subfluvial adj underriver sorosilicato nm sorosilicate subfósil nm subfossil sosa nf soda ash | natrona subgrafíta nf metagraphite sótano nm [Méx] vertical cave subgrauwacke nm subgreywacke sotavento,-ta adj leeward, lee subgrupo nm [strat] subgroup soterrado,-da adj buried, underground, blind subhedrón nm subhedron soterraño,-ña adj subterranean, underground subherciniense adj Subhercynian sotlanque nm calcopyrite subhorizonte nm substratum sotominero nm subforeman (in a mine) subidiomórfico,-ca adj hypidiomorphic, Southern nfpr [Pe] "La Southern", the Southern subautomorphic Peru Copper Corporation subjacente adj subjacent soyota nf Mineralized vug or cavity sublacustre adj sublacustrine sparnaciense adj Sparnacian sublevación nf uplift spatiense adj Spathian sublimación nf sublimation spencita nf tridymite-(Y) sublimado nm sublimate | s. amarillo orpiment | staffordiense adj Staffordian s. rojo realgar stampiense adj Stampian sublimar vtr to sublimate stefaniense adj Stephanian sublitarenita nf sublitharenite sterrettita nf kolbeckite sublitoral adj sublittoral, neritic stipoverita nf stishovite sublitwacke nm sublithwacke struniense adj Strunian submarino,-na adj submarine styriense adj Styrian submaturado,-da adj submature suavizado,-da adj smoothed submetálico,-ca adj submetallic subactivo,-va adj subactive submuestreo nm subsampling subacuático,-ca adj underwater, subaquatic subofítico,-ca adj subophitic subácueo,-cuea adj underwater subperíodo nm subperiod subafloramiento nm subcrop subpresión nf underpressure subalcálico,-ca adj subalkalic subproducto nm byproduct subalcalino,-na adj subalkaline subrampa nf subincline (in a mine) subaluvial adj suballuvial subrosión nf subrosion subalpino,-na adj subalpine, montane subsaturación nf subsaturation subaluminoso,-sa adj subaluminous subsaturado,-da adj subsaturated subarkosa nf subarkose subsaturar vtr to subsaturate subarkósico,-ca adj subarkosic subsecuente adj subsequent subarriendo nm sublease subsidencia nf subsidence subartesiano,-na adj subartesian subsidiario,-ria adj subsidiary subautomórfico,-ca adj subautomorphic substancia nf substance sub-bentonita nf metabentonite susbstitución nf substitution | s. metasomática sub-bituminoso,-sa adj sub-bituminous. metasomatism subclase nm subclass substituto nm substitute subconsecuente adj subconsequent substrato nm substratum subcontinento nm subcontinent subsuelo nm subsoil | subsurface subcortical adj subcrustal subterráneo,-nea adj subsurface, underground subcuenca nf sub-basin subterrano nm subterrane subdiabásico,-ca adj subdiabasic subvolcán nm subvolcano subdrenaje nm subdrainage subvolcanico,-ca adj subvolcanic subducción nf subduction subyacente adj underlying subestrato nf sole | substratum succino nm amber subetapa nf substage succión nf subduction S-8 sucesión nf succession surface | s. de estratificación bedding surface, sudetíco,-ca adj Sudetic bedding plane.| s. de fracturacción fracture suelo nm soil, land | ground | surface plane, fault plane | s. lístrica listric surface suelto,-ta adj loose, unconsolidated superficies-s nfpl s-surface suelto nm loose piece of ore superfluente adj superfluent sulfate nm [Tetala de Oro, Puebla, Méx] supergénico,-ca adj supergene aluminous clay containing iron sulfates supergrupo nm supergroup sulfatita nf sulphatite superior adj upper sulfato nm sulfate | s. bárico barite | s. de calcio superparamagnetismo nm superparamagnetism gypsum | s. de plomo anglesite | s. pesado barite superperiodicidad nf superperiodicity | s. sódico mirabilite superplasticidad nf superplasticity sulfidización nf sulfurization superponer vtr to superpose, superimpose sulfito nm sulfite superposición nf superposition | s. discordante sulfofilo,-la adj sulphophile overstep | s. transgresiva onlap sulfosale nm sulfosalt superpresión nf overpressure sulfurado,-da adj sulfuretted superpuesto,-ta adj superimposed, sulfúrico,-ca adj sulfuric supplementary | nm overlap sulfurización nf sulfurization supersaturación nf supersaturation sulfuro nm sulfide or sulfide ore | s. de cadmio supersaturado,-da adj supersaturated greenockite | s. de cobre chalcocite | s. de plomo supersaturar vtr to supersaturate galena | s. rojo. realgar | sulfuros en masa superserie nf superseries massive sulfides supersistema nm supersystem sulfuroso,-sa adj sulfurous | sour suplementario,-ria adj subsidiary suma nf addition supralitoral adj supralittoral, supratidal sumergido,-da adj submerged surcamiento nm furrowing sumergimiento nm submergence surco nm groove, furrow | sill | s. de alud sumergir vtr to submerge avalanche scar | s. de erosión erosion groove | s. sumersión nf submersion de escurrimiento sill mark | s. glaciárico sumidero nm [PR] sinkhole discontinuo jumping gouge sumir vtr to submerge surgencia nf upwelling sundtita nf andorite surtido,-da adj sorted | nm sorting superantracita nf superanthracite susceptibilidad nf susceptibility superetapa nf superstage suspendido,-da adj suspended superficial adj superficial suspensoide nm suspensoid superficie nf surface | area, extent | acreage | sustancia nf substance de s. surface | en s. at the surface | s. de sustitución nf substitution deslizamiento translation plane or surface | sutura nf suture slickenslide | s. de equilibrio isostatic suturado,-da adj sutured equilibrium surface | s. de erosión erosion

T-1

T taladrar vtr to drill or bore | to perforate taladro nm drill or auger | drill or borehole | drill bit | t. anular core drill | t. de alma core tabaire nm a variety of soft limestone used for drill | t. de diamantes diamond drill | t. de masonry rotación rotary drill | t. de tierra earth auger | t. tabianiense adj Tabianian. explorador prospecting drill | t. testigo [PR] core tabique nm [Méx] 'horse' of rock in a vein, drill unmineralized rock separating bands of ore talasocracia nf period in which the earth's tabla nf slab (of rock) | table, list | side of a vein oceans covered most of the continents | t. de alto hanging wall | t. de bajo footwall talasocrático,-ca adj charactarized by ocean high tablazo nm mesa | flat stretch of a river stand tablero nm [Sp] slab | t. digitalizador digitizing talasogénesis nf epirogenic processes that form tablet ocean basins tablero de comprobación nm map showing talcita nf talcite | damourite allocation of exploration permits talco nm talc tacana nf silver ore | [Pe] argentite talcoide nm talcoid tacano nm ore rich in silver talcoso,-sa adj talcose, talcous tacónico,-ca adj Taconic talio nm thallium taconiense adj Taconian talmesita nf arsenate-belovite tacos nmpl [Méx] stones at the bottom of an talpetate nm talpatate, caliche | [CAm] arrastre limestone tafrogénesis nf taphrogenesis talquita nm talc schist tafrogenía nf taphrogeny. talud nm talus, slope | t. continental continental tafrogénico,-ca adj taphrogenic slope | t. de derrubios de ladera talus pile | t. de tafrogeosinclinal nm taphrogeosyncline reposo natural slope, slope of repose | t. de ribera tafrolito nm taphrolith floodplain | t. detrítico talus | t. litoral litoral taghanicano,-na adj Taghanican plain | t. recifal reef talus tagilita nf pseudomalachite taludar vtr to slope tahona nf [Méx] variety of arrastre driven by a talweg nm thalweg water wheel, spoon arrastre talla nf cutting of precious stones | cutting or tahonero nm [Méx] worker in charge of a tahona dressing of stone | working face where rock is tahúlla nf land measure used in southeast Spain being cut (1 tahúlla = 11.18 ares = 0.28 acres) tallado,-da adj cut, dressed (stones) tajadera nf cold chisel | [Aragón, Sp] sluice-gate tallado nm cutting, dressing (stone, gems, etc.) tajado nm slicing (in mining) tallar vtr to cut precious stones | to quarry | t. tajamar nm [Arg] basin en facetas to facet tajear vtr [Pe] to stope taller nm workshop of the kind where things are tajeo nm [Pe] stoping actually made and/or repaired. | Mill. tajerías nfpl [Isla San Fernando, Sp] salt-water tamaño nm size | dimensions | volume, evaporation ponds capacity tajo nm cut, opening, excavation, trench | tambeo nm [Bol] large open stope working face or cut | t. abierto open cut, open tamiz nm sieve, sifter, usually mechanical | pit | t. ascendente ascending cut | t. descendente pasar por el t. to screen, sift descending cut | t. descubierto open cut | t. recto tamizar vtr to sift, sieve, or screen cut perpendicular to a gallery | a t. abierto tampón nm [chem] buffer open-cutting or open-pitting tanda nf layer | series | work-shift | amount of tajón nm [Andalusia, Sp] calcareous vein from work done (i.e. ore mined, distance drifted) which lime is extracted during a work-shift | tour of duty in the mita | talacha nf [Méx] pickaxe, pick, mattock work gang | [pet] run taladrador,-ora adj drilling, boring or piercing | taneciano,-na adj Thanetian nm driller taneciense adj Thanetian taladradora nf drill tangeita nf calciovolborthite T-2 tangencial adj tangential tecozahuitl nm yellow ochre tangente adj tangent | nf tangent tecpatl nm flint, hornstone, green jade tantalio nm tantalum tectita nf tektite tántalo nm tantalum tectoclino nm geotectocline tantear vtr to work out roughly, estimate | to tectoestratigráfico,-ca adj tectostratigraphic size-up, measure | to try out, test | to examine, tectogénesis nf tectonics, tectogenesis study a project or proposal tectógeno nm tectogene tanteo nm rough estimate | test | approximate tectónico,-ca adj tectonic | nf tectonics | t. de calculation placas plate tectonics | t. salina salt tectonics tapa nf hanging-wall, roof | coffer-dam used in tectonismo nm diastrophism placer mining tectonita nf tectonite tapado,-da adj concealed, covered up, blind tectonización nf tectonization tapado nm buried treasure tectonofísica nf tectonophysics tapar vtr to conceal, cover, cover-up tectonosfera nf tectonosphere tapón nf plug | coffer-dam used in placer tectosecuente adj tectosequent mining | t. volcánico volcanic plug or pipe tectosfera nf tectosphere taponar vtr to construct a coffer-dam in order to tectosilicato nm tectosilicate work placers tectotopo nm tectotope taqueo nm [Bol] a caved shaft | shaft or working techo nm layer or bed which caps a deposit | t. backfilled with waste or low-grade ore de galería hanging-wall, roof taquihidrita nf tachyhydrite tefra nf tephra taquilita nf tachylite tefrita nf tephrite taquimetría nf tachymetry, stadia survey tefrocronología nf tephrochronology taquimétro nm tachymeter, stadia tefroíta nf tephroite taquisismo nm rapid differential movement of tehuilote nm [Méx] quartz crystals | country the lithosphere rock tardiglacial nm a glacial stage tejo nm ingot, usually of gold | [Méx] cake of tarea nf a certain quantity of ore, drifting, etc. set silver as the end result of the patio process of out as a task to be performed in a single work reducing silver ores | t. de oro gold bullion shift | [Bol] a job or task perfomed by contract tejón nm wedge, plate or cake of gold | [Sto Dgo] a measure of area of about 0.1565 [geomorph] tejon acres telemétro nm telemeter tartariense adj Tartarian telera nf [Huelva, Sp] heaps of copper ore tasa nf appraisal, valuation | tax | limit on roasted or calcined in situ expenditures or outlays | rate | t. de sondeo telesismo nm distant earthquake, teleseism sampling rate teletermal adj telethermal tasación nf appraisal, valuation | calculation telurantimonio nm tellurantimony tasar vtr to appraise, value | to tax | to regulate, telurato nm tellurate fix or ration telurbismuto nm tellurbismuth tascina nf naumannite telúrico,-ca adj telluric tasco nm cupel or crucible | variety of fireclay telurido nf telluride tasconio nm an argillaceous earth used to make telurio nm tellurium | tellurium ore crucibles telurita nf tellurite tases nmpl [Méx] ore calcined in open air heaps telurobismutenita nf telluribismuthenite tavistockita nf carbonate-apatite teluroide nm telluroid taylorense adj Tayloran telurométro nm tellurometer tecacolote nm [Guerrero, Méx] an aluminous telogenético,-ca adj telogenetic slate tembladero nm [Tobasco, Méx] area with tecalí nm a variety of alabaster, 'Mexican asphaltic soil alabaster', 'Mexican marble' or 'Mexican onyx' temblor nm earthquake, tremor | t. de tierra tecnecio nm technetium earthquake tecoral nm [Huitzuco, Méx] waste rock temiskamita nf maucherite T-3 témpano nm ice floe | t. de hielo iceberg tercio nm half a mule load, which translates to templado,-da nm temperate different weights in different places, not to temprano,-na adj early mention with different mules and mule tenate nm [Méx/Hond] a bag made of hide used skinners to haul or draw ore, etc. out of a mine (a tenate terma nf therm made from half an oxhide will hold 9 arrobas of termal adj thermal ore) termas nfpl hot springs tenatero nm [Méx] worker who carries ore in a termío nm therm tenate termocarst nm thermokarst tendencia nf trend térmico,-ca adj thermal tenderse vpr [Méx] to become sub-divided or terminación nf completion of a well | t. doble floured by amalgamation dual completion | t. multiple multiple tendido nm dip completion tendimiento nm [Bol] dip termoclasa nf crack formed in a rock by a tenestel nm [Tasco, Méx] local variety of sudden change in termperature limestone termodinámico,-ca adj thermodynamic tenor nm tenor or fineness | t. fino. fineness of termoelástico,-ca adj thermoelastic gold termogeno nm thermogene tentadura nf [Méx] in the patio process of termogénesis nf thermogenesis extracting silver from ore, the test washing of termografía nf thermography silver amalgamated with mercury in order to termogravimetría nf thermogravimetry adjust the mixture of materials used in the termoluminiscencia nf thermoluminescence extraction process | by extension, any test termómetro nm thermometer | t. geológico made by panning or washing geologic thermometer teñido,-da adj stained termonatrita nf thermonatrite teodolito nm theodolite termo-osmosis nf thermo-osmosis teorema nm theorem | t. central límite central termoplástico,-ca adj thermoplastic limit theorem | t. de Bayes Bayes theorem ternario,-ria adj ternary teoría nf theory | t. anticlinal anticlinal theory | terraciense adj Terracian t. isostática isostacy terraplén nm terrace | slope | terreplain teotines nmpl [Santa Cruz, Méx] unusually terraza nf terrace | t. aluvional alluvial terrace, shaped rocks surrounded by volcanic ash drift terrace | t. costera raised beach | t. de tepetate nm caliche | [Méx] volcanic tuff used deposición aggradation terrace | t. de erosión in construction | waste rock or gangue | erosional terrace | t. de geiserita sinter terrace | country rock | hardpan | conglomerate t. estructural structural terrace | t. favorable tepostel nm [Méx] precious metal bearing favorable ground | t. fluvial stream terrace | t. gossan or supergene oxides impar unpaired terrace | t. marina marine tepostete nm [Sonora, Méx] cobbles of specular terrace hematite sometimes found in gold placers terremoto nm earthquake tepustete nm [Calamahí, Méx] iron ore terreno nm ground, land | terrain, terrane | tequezquite nm [Méx] sodium carbonate piece of land | plot, site | earth, rock or tequio nm taxes, duties or royalty on ore | ore formation, as in t. carbonífero 'carbonaceous not worth extraction | a task set as a day's rock' | t. baldío government land | t. de encima work for a miner | amount of ore to be top soil | t. franco land which may be freely extracted by a mine laborer under contract to a conceded by a government to mining mine owner | a contract between a mine enterprises | t. terreno all-terrain laborer and mine owner specifying the amount térreo,-ea adj earthy | de color t. earth-colored of ore to be extracted | the plural tequios can terrero,-ra adj earth refer to heaps or stockpiles of ore terrero nm heap or pile of dirt | waste rock | teralita nf theralite, foid gabbro dump, tailings pile | alluvium terbio nm terbium terrestre adj terrestrial, earthly terciario,-ria adj Tertiary | nm Tertiary terrígeno,-na adj terrigenous T-4 terrojo nm red earth intercept time | t. de propagación travel time | t. terroso,-sa adj earthy | brown, earth-colored | nf de retraso delay time | t. relativo relative time [Méx] vein of clay tienta nf earth auger terruño nm piece of land tierra nf earth, land, soil, ground | region, native tertel nm [Ch] hardpan country | any rock or mineral | fine-grained or tesis nf thesis | theory, idea | t. de grado thesis finely crystalline ore | gangue or matrix | hacer written for a five-year degree | t. doctoral tierras to work a placer | t. adentro inland. | t. doctoral dissertation alcalina alkaline earth | t. aluvial alluvium | t . testa nf [Méx] test amarilla yellow earth, yellow ochre | t. testero nm overhand stope, back stope | t. apovillada ore suitable for amalgamation in the abovedado domed stope, pyramid stope | t. de patio process | t. arcillosa clayey ground. | t. techo plano flat-backed stope | t. escalonado rill azul blue earth, blue ground | t. blanca stope micaceous clay; calcareous tufa | t. común testificación nf log | t. acústica acoustic log earthy ores somewhat amenable to testigo nm core | sample, specimen | barren amalgamation | t. de aluvión alluvium. | t. de rock | [surv] reference point | t. de erosión asentar or de afinar [Tamaulipas, Méx] outlier | t. de perforación drill core weathered marl | t. de asiento [BC, Méx] a fine, Tetis nm Tethys auriferous sand | t. de batán fuller's earth | t. tetradimita nf tetradymite de caparossa red ochre. | t. de diatomeas tetraedrita nf tetrahedrite diatomaceous earth. | t. de Fuller fuller's earth. tetraedro nm tetrahedron | t. de flor [El Caratal, Vz] hematitic, gold- tetramorfo nm tetramorph bearing soil developed on gold veins | t. de tetramórfico,-ca adj tetramorphous ladrillos brick clay | t. de porcelana kaolin | t. de tetramorfismo nm tetramorphism tinta red ochre | t. diatomácea diatomaceous tetratoedro nm tetratohedron earth | t. endurecida hardpan | t. firme continent tetzontle nm [Méx] a scoracious basaltic rock | t. franca top soil | t. grasa pipe clay | t. used as a building stone gredosa clayey marl | t. de labor smalls textura nf texture | t. aplitica aplitic texture | t. resulting from hand sorting of ore | t. ordinaria fluida fluid texture | t. fluidal flow structure | t. [Guanajuato, Méx] an inferior grade of ore granuda granular texture | t. microgranuda yielding about 80 ounces of silver to a ton | t. microgranular texture | t. microlítica microlitic parda iron oxide rich soil | t. pesada barite | t. de texture | t. pegmatítica pegmatitic texture | t. porcelana china clay | t. quemada balls of porfídica porphyritic texture | t. vítea glassy residue from mercury reduction furnaces texture mixed with clayey smalls that are reduced tezontle nm [Méx] a scoracious basaltic rock again in a smaller furnace | t. rara rare earth | used as a building stone t. refractaria fire clay | t. roja iron rich clay often thalana nf [Bol] small sieve used in hand sorting staining limestone | t. verde greenstone, of pulverized ores chloritically altered rock | t. de yunque smalls thanetiano,-na adj Thanetian resulting from sorting of ore | tierras bajas thanetiense adj Thanetian lowland | tierras inundables tidelands | tierras thojeo nm [Bol] act of estimation by a miner of malas badlands | tierras raras rare earths the extent of pay ore prior to drilling and tierras nfpl [New Almaden, Calif] fine mercury blasting ore thuringiense adj Thuringian tiffaniense adj Tiffanian tiatales nmpl [Tasco, Méx] local variety of tigliense adj Tiglian limestone tilíta nf tillite tibe nm [Col] corundum | smooth, flat, elliptical tilloide nm tilloid and spherical stones found in alluvial placers tina nf a washing vat used to separate amalgam once thought to be favorable indicators for gold from waste rock | [Cerro de Pasco, Pe] placers purification of silver amalgam tiempo nm time | t. absoluto absolute time | t. tinaja nf water pocket developed below a continental continental time | t. de intercepción waterfall | natural reservoir | [N. Mex] T-5

temporary pool | spring too feeble to form a tocochimbo nm [Pe] blast furnace stream | [Guadalcázar, Méx] small bunch of todouno nm unprocessed coal cinnabar found at the intersections of veins tofo nm [Ch] fire clay | Durango, Méx] china tinajita nf solution pan clay tinolita nf thinolite tojear vtr [Bol] to support the roof of a mine tinolítico,-ca adj thinolitic with large fragments of rock tinto,-ta adj red, dark red tojo nm [Bol] large piece or fragment of rock tioughniogense adj Tioughniogan used to support the roof of a mine tipificación nf classification tómbolo nm sand bar tipo nm type, class, kind | rate, as in tipo de tomín nm one eighth of a castellano de oro , one interés 'rate of interest' | percentage third of an adarme tipomórfico,-ca adj typomorphic tonawadense adj Tonawadan tirada aparte nf reprint tonel nm barrel tirar una labor vtr to prospect and/or work a tonelada nf ton, which at one time varied in deposit weight from place to place | t. bruta long ton, tiro nm shot (in blasting) | [surv] course | [Méx] gross ton | t. corta short ton, net ton | t. de shaft, winze or pit | depth | t. ciego winze | t. ensayador assay ton | t. métrica metric ton | t. de alcancía raise | t. de mina shaft | t. de recueste larga tong ton | t. métrica metric ton | t. neta adit, inclined shaft | t. de velocidad surface short ton, net ton velocity profiling | t. de zona alterada tonelaje nm tonnage | t. bruto gross tonnage weathering shot | t. en abanico fan shooting | t. tonelámetro nm metric ton en pauta pattern shooting | t. inclinado inclined tonga nf layer | pile, heap | difference in level, shaft or head, between two points | entrar t. to drain tirolita nf tyrolite a mine or working by sluices, adits, canals etc. titanífero,-ra adj titanium-bearing, titaniferous | t. de la mina. lowest practical point from titanio nm titanium which a mine may be drained by gravity titánico,-ca adj titanic tongada nf layer titanita nf sphene tongriano,-na adj Tongrian titanocromita nf titanochromite tongriense adj Tongrian titoniano,-na adj Tithonian tonolowayense adj Tonolowayan titoniense adj Tithonian tonstein nm claystone titulación nf assay | titration topacio nm topaz | t. del Brasil reddish, rose or título nm title | degree | diploma | t. de purplish yellow varieties of topaz | t. ahumado propiedad title to a mining claim dark brown crystalline quartz | t. de Hinojosa or tiza nf chalk | finely divided gypsum | [Ch] de Salamanca yellow crystalline quartz | t. mixture of ulexite with halite, sodium sulfate, oriental yellow corundum lime and sand found in salares or dry lake beds tope nm rich pocket of ore | [Bol] end or bottom tizar nm [Cerro de Mercado, Méx] a large of a working, working face deposit of high purity silica topo nm league and a half | standard measure tizate nm [Méx] chalk of ground ore, a fixed amount of which had to toarciano,-na adj Toarcian be delivered weekly by the mortiri toarciense adj Toarcian topografía nf topography | surveying | t. carst toba nf tufa | tuff | chalk | t. calcárea tufa, karst topography calcsinter, travertine | t. caliza calcareous tuff, topográfico,-ca adj topographic travertine | t. de cenizas volcanic tuff | t. silícea topográfo nm topographer | surveyor siliceous sinter | t. soldada welded tuff topología nf topology tobáceo,-ea adj tuffaceous topometría nf topometry tobar nm tuff quarry toque nm touchstone tobel nm dobel torca nf sinkhole | basin, depression | sand toboso,-sa adj tuffaceous pipe, sand gall tocar la greda vtr [Fr Guiana] to reach bedrock torcer vtr to change direction | t. el rumbo to in a placer change in strike T-6 tordo,-da adj grey por testeras overhand stoping | t. sistema tolva torio nm thorium glory hole | t. transversal cross cut tornasol nm iridescence trabanca nf [Ec] mine timber tornasolado,-da adj iridescent tracción nf traction torno nm [Bol] hoist traccionita nf tractionite toro nm [Bol] pillar (in a mine) tragante nm sluice torpedeamiento nm artificial fracturing | t. por trama nf structure, framework vibración vibrofrac tramo nm lot, tract, stretch, plot of land | t. rico. torre nf tower | t. de extración or de perforación or rich ore shoot de sondeo oil derrick, headframe | torre-torre trampa nf trap, as for hydrocarbons or ore | [Pe] towers of hot spring deposits mercury trap in a gold mill | sluice gate | t. torrejoniense adj Torrejonian compuesta combination trap | t. diagenética torrente nm ravine, stream | freshet diagenetic trap | t. estratigráfica stratigraphic torrera nfpl [Río Tinto, Sp] heaps of ore roasted trap | t. estructural structural trap | t. petrolífera in situ hydrocarbon trap torridoniense adj Torridonian tranca nf [Bol] wooden stull (in a mine) tortilla nf hardpan trancada nf trench | [Almería, Sp] inclined tortoniano,-na adj Tortonian gallery with steps tortoniense adj Tortonian tranquilidadita nf tranquillityite tortuosidad nf tortuosity transfluencia nf transfluence tosca nf hardpan | [Patagonia, Arg] white transformación nf transformation | t. anaclástica deposits of caclium carbonate occuring in loess deformation without shearing | t. de Laplace | [Col] bed of volcanoclastic sediment in Laplace transformation placers above sepé and pay dirt | [Catorce, trans-formacional adj trans-formational Méx] altered dioritic and porphyritic dikes | translación nf translation [Méx] talc seams | [Guadalcázar, Méx] altered transmisión nf transmission | t. retardada granite porphyry | [Guadalcázar, Méx] yellow transmission lag ochre colored lithomarge at contact of granite transparente adj transparent porphyry with limestone | [PR] soft coral transporte nm transport | t. eólico aeolian limestone used for masonry, road surfacing transport | t. fluvial fluvial transport | t. glaciar and as fertilizer glacial transport tosco,-ca adj coarse, rough transversal nm cross cut tostación nf roasting, calcination tranformación nf tranformation | t. adiabática tostador nm [Méx] roasting furnace | worker adiabatic transormation who operates a roasting furnace translúcido,-da adj translucent tostadura nf roasting, calcination transluciente adj transluscent tostar vtr to roast ore transmisividad nf transmissivity tournaisiano,-na adj Tournaisian transopaco,-ca adj transopaque tournaisiense adj Tournaisian transparencia nf slide, transparency trabajadero nm [Col] vein worked by open pit. transparente adj transparent | nm transparency trabajar vtr to work a mine or placer transporte nm transportation trabajo nm working of a mine or placer | nmpl transuránico,-ca adj transuranic workings | t. a cielo abierto open cutting, open trapezoedro nm trapezohedron pitting, quarrying | t. (de) banca underhand trapiche nm [Ch] crude mill for crushing ore stoping | t. de cabeza overhand stoping | t. de trapichero nm [Ch] operator of a trapiche | cielo overhand stoping | t. de reconocimiento. [Potosí, Bol] operator of a trapiche who usually exploratory workings | t. de rajo con grandines worked stolen ore directos overhand stoping | t. de rajo con trapp nm trap, plateau basalt grandines invertidos underhand stoping | t. del traquiandesita nf trachyandesite antiguo [Col] working dating back to the time of traquibasalto nm trachybasalt the Spanish conquistadores | t. del indio [Col] traquidiscontinuidad nf trachydiscontinuity working dating back to precolumbian times | t. traquidolerita nf trachydolerite T-7 traquiofítico,-ca adj trachyophitic trincho nm [Col] arrangement of dams, trenches traquita nf trachyte etc. used to divert the flow of a stream for traquítico,-ca adj trachytic purposes of working a placer traquitoide nm trachytoid trinitiense adj Trinitian tras nm tuff | tufa triple unión nf triple junction traslación nf translation | t. continental tripolita nf diatomite continental drift | de t. translational triquita nf microlite traslapamiento nm overlap trisoctaedro nm trioctahedron traslúcido,-da adj transluscent tritio nm tritium trasluciente adj transluscent trituración nf grinding, crushing traslucir vintr to be transluscent triturador,-dora adj crushing, grinding | nf trasluz nm diffused light | reflected light crusher trasversal adj transverse triturar vtr to crush or grind ore tratamiento nm treatment | reworking of a well trivalente adj trivalent to increase production, 'doctoring' trocar la batea vtr [Col] to pass bateas of gravel travecaja nf cross cut from one worker to another by hand travertino nm travertine troje de metal nf [Huitzuco, Méx] mercury ore travesía nf traverse | [Col] cross cut filling open space in gypsum traviesa nf cross cut troncar vtr to truncate traza nf trace | streak tronco nm stock | t. de montaña peneplain | t. trazado nm tracing | t. de mapamiento mapping | fosíl coal pipe | t. petrificado woodrock t. de reflexiones reflection picking trozo nm [Chacas, Pe] lump of ore the size of an trazador nm [Méx] underground mine foreman egg trecho nm passing of ore from one worker to truncación nf truncation another in baskets truncado,-da adj truncate, truncated tremadociano,-na adj Tremadocian truncamiento nm truncation, as of strata tremadociense adj Tremadocian truncar vtr to truncate tremor nm tremor trunco nm stock trempealeauense adj Trempealeauan tubería nf piping, tubing | drill string | t. trentoniense adj Trentonian colectora gathering line | t. de producción trepano nm drill bit | t. de diamantes diamond producing drill string drill bit tubo nm tube | t. de explosión diatreme | t. de triaquisoctaedro nm trioctahedron perforación drill pipe | t. portatestigos core barrel triangulación nf triangulation tucanita nf scarbroite trías nm Trias, Triassic. tucurababi nm [Matapé, Méx] an altered granite triásico,-ca adj Triassic | nm Triassic tucurubay nm gravel Tribunal de Minería nm mining court tueste nm roasting of ore established in Perú in 1736 tufaceo,-cea adj tufaceous tributario,-ria adj tributary tufisita nf tuffisite triclínico,-ca adj triclinic tufita nf tuffite tricroismo nm trichroism tuflava nf tufflava tridimita nf trydimite tulio nm thulium triflita nf triphylite tumbado nm [Bol] vein or ore in the upper part triedro,-ra adj trihedral of a working | false ceiling in a gallery or stope trigiro nm ternary axis of rotation tumbaga nf [Col] an alloy of equal parts of gold, trilla nf [Méx] heap of ore silver and copper trimorfismo nm trimorphism tumbago nm [Col] impure gold trinchar vtr [Col] to build a trincho, to dam tumbamiento nm recumbance trinchera nf trench, ditch | [Méx] roughly tumbar vtr [Méx] to break ground, win or get stacked pile of rock or ore | t. de préstamos [PR] ore | t. la mina [Col] to carelessly work a mine borrow pit such that it caves T-8 tumbe nm [Méx] breaking ground, winning or turboglifo nm scour cast | t. intersepto furrow getting ore flute cast tumor nm dome turbulento,-ta adj turbulent túnel nm tunnel, gallery turingiano,-na adj Thuringian tungomelano nm tungomelane turingiense adj Thuringian tungstato nm tungstate turingita nf thuringite tungsteno nm tungsten turmalina nf tourmaline | t. azul. indicolite | t. tungstíco,-ca adj tungstic roja. rubellite tuoriense adj Tuorian turmalinización nf tourmalinization tupia nf [Col] dam turmalita nf tourmalite tupiar vtr [Col] to dam a stream or river turno nm shift | tour of duty turba nf peat turoliense adj Turolian turbación nf turbation turoniano,-na adj Turonian turbal nm peat bog turoniense adj Turonian turbera nf peat bog | t. emergida upland moor | turquesa nf turquoise t. sumergida low-level bog tyrrheniense adj Tyrrhenian turbidez nf turbidity tysonita nf fluocerite turbiedad nf turbidity tzinapu nm [Méx] obsidian turbio,-bia adj turbid

U-1

U cinta magnética tape drive | u. de disco disk drive | u. de espaciamiento spacing unit, well spacing | u. de muestreo sampling unit | u. ubicación nf location, position, site eotvos eotvos unit | u. estratográfica ubicado,-da adj located stratigraphic unit | u. gravimétrica gravity unit ubicar vtr to locate, spot (as for a well) or plot |u. litoestratigráfica lithostratigraphic unit | u. (on a map) | vintr to be located, situated or tectónica tectonic unit | u. térmica inglesa British placed thermal unit (BTU) ubicarse vpr to be located, situated or placed unificación nf unitization (of an oil field) uchero nm llama dung carrier (llama dung was uniformidad nf uniformity used in the patio process of amalgamation of unirse vpr to coalesce silver ores) uñeta nf stone cutter's chisel ufertita nf davidite uralitización nf uralitization uintense adj Uintan uránico,-ca adj uranic ulatsiense adj Ulatsian uranífero,-ra adj uraniferous ulsteriense adj Ulsterian uranio nm uranium ultramar nm lapis lazuli, lazurite urano nm uranium oxide ultramilonita nf ultramylonite uranocre nm uranocher ultrarrojo,-ja adj infrared uranofano nm uranophane ultraviolado,-da adj ultraviolet | nm ultraviolet uranolito nm meteoric stone ultravileta nf ultraviolet uranopicco nm uraninite, pitchblende ultravulcaniense adj Ultravulcanian uranosfaerita nf uranosphaerite ulvita nf ulvöspinel uranotantalita nf samarskite ulla nf archaic or incorrect spelling of hulla 'coal'. uranothallita nf liebigite ullera nf archaic or incorrect spelling of hullera uranotilo nm uranotile 'coal-mine, colliery'. urao nm gaylussite (a form of trona) ullita nf archaic or incorrect spelling for hullita urgue nm [Col] clay selvage on a vein 'anthracite'. uriconiense adj Uriconian umbral nm swell | threshold | u. de circo | u. usamerita nf greywacke continental swell |u. topográfico topographic utahita nf jarosite | natrojarosite doorstep utahlita nf variscite undación nf megafold útiles nmpl tools, equipment | u. de extracción undulación nf undulation, wave fishing tools | u. de labortorio laboratory uniáxico,-ca adj uniaxial equipment | u. de sondeo drilling tools uniclinal adj monoclinal uvala nf karst valley, uvala unidad nf unit | u. absoluta absolute unit | u. uwarowita nf uvarovite (variety of garnet) bioestratigráfica biostratigraphic unit | u. central uzbekita nf volborthite de procesamiento central processing unit | u. cronoestratigráfica cronostratigraphic unit | u. de

V-1

V floodplain | v. de fractura tectonic valley | v. de hundimiento rift valley | v. en artesa trough- shaped valley | v. en u U-shaped valley | v. en vacia nf wacke | v. gris greywacke V V-shaped valley | v. epigenético vaciada nf melt | dumping superimposed or antecedent valley | v. glaciar vaciadero nm dump, tailings pile, spoils bank glacial valley | v. longitudinal longitudinal vaciado nf emptying | pouring, casting | [Méx] valley | v. maduro mature valley | v. seco strath excavation | v. sinclinal synclinal valley | v. subsecuente vaciador nm worker who dumps waste or slag- subsequent valley | v. sumergido submerged pots | v. de carros car dumper valley, firth | v. tectónico structural valley | v. vaciagris nm greywacke transversal transverse valley vaciamar nf ebb tide vanadato nm vanadinite | vanadate vaciante nf ebb tide vanadífero,-ra adj vanadiferous vaciar vtr to empty out | to drain | to hollow vanadio nm vanadium out | to sluice off | to discharge water, etc. | to vanado-magnetita nf coulsonite dump | to bail out a well | [Méx] to excavate | vapor nm vapor | v. vivo steam vpr to flow out vaporar vtr to evaporate vacío,-ía adj empty | nm vacuum, void | vaporización nf evaporation vacancy vara nf the old Spanish yard or rod, which varies vacisco nm [Almadén, Sp] fines of mercury ore from 0.8 to 1.1 meters (see section on weights and gangue produced by crushing preparatory and measures) | stick, rod | v. circular circular to concentration and smelting rod | v. de agrimensor measuring rod | v. de vacuo nm vacuum medir measuring rod | v. de topografía vagón nm ore car | v. carboner coal car | v. surveyor's rod | v. mágica divining rod | v. cisterna a railcar load of 10 mt petroleum | v. de portabrújula Jacob's staff báscula, de pico, volcador, or de volquete dumping varada nf three months of work in a mine or tipper car | v. de mineral ore car vareo nm measuring in varas vagonada nf carload vareta nf rod | v. divinatoria divining rod | v. vaguada nf lowest part of a valley | watershed, mágica divining rod divide | talweg | channel, watercourse variable nf variable | v. aleatoria random vaho nm steam | vapor | fumes variable | v. continua continuous variable | v. vainiforme adj pod-like de control control variable | v. de ligazón valangiano,-na adj Valangian conditional varriable | v. discreta discrete valangiense adj Valangian variable | v. endógena endogenous variable | v. válencia nf valency, valence exóogena exogenous variable | v. independiente valendisiense adj Valendisian independent variable | v. indicatriz indicator valentiano,-na adj Llandoverian variable | v. latente latent variable | v. normal valentiense adj Llandoverian normally-distributed variable | variables no valioso,-sa adj precious correlacionadas uncorrelated variable. valmeyerense adj Valmeyeran variación nf variation | v. de la aguja compass valor nm value, worth | v. BTU calorific value, variation | v. de tenor variation in grade | v. BTU value | v. contable book value | v. de la secular secular variation inclinación degree of inclination | v. de la variancia nf variance | v. condicional conditional rotación amount of rotation | v. extremo extreme variance | v. ligada conditional variance value | v. límite limit value varilla nf rod | v. divinatoria divining rod | v. valla nf terreplain | embankment mágica divining rod valle nm valley | aclinal | v. antecedente variolítico,-ca adj variolitic antecedent valley | v. anticlinal anticlinal valley variométro nm variometer | v. colgado hanging valley | v. colgante hanging varíscico,-ca adj Variscan valley | v. de aluviones bottom land | v. de varisco,-ca adj Variscan drenaje water gap | v. de erosión erosional valley varva nf varve | v. de arcilla glacial varve | v. | v. de fondo valley with well developed glaciar glacial varve V-2 vaso nm used in the general sense of 'vessel' to verdinegro,-gra adj dark green refer to all sorts of smelting and cupellating verdiones nmpl [Ch] green staining indicative of vessels and furnaces | [Tepecalá, Méx] local copper mineralization variety of a copper refining furnace verdoso,-sa adj greenish vauclusiense adj Vauclusian vergencia nf vergence vecino,-na adj contiguous vermiculado,-da adj vermiculated vega nf open plain | oxbow lake | [Col] a small vernadskita nf antlerite valley | nfpl floodplain verosimilitud nf likelihood veinteno nm twentieth, a tax of one twentieth versiliense adj Versilian formerly levied on gold production in Spanish vertedera nf [Somorrostro, Sp] inclined shoot America vértice nf apex | [surv] corner | v. de cierre velaje glaciar nm breaking off of icebergs from closing corner | v. de referencia witness corner | glaciers v. testigo witness corner velardenita nf gehlenite vertiente nf slope | aspect | drainage area, velocidad nf velocity | v. de filtración filtration watershed, divide | waterfall | spring | [Sp] rate | v. de una roca [seis] rock speed, speed of brook | v. de agua salada brine spring propagation of mechanical waves in rock vesícula nf vesicle | gall | v. arcillosa clay gall vena nf vein | bed | seam | streak or stripe of a vestigio nm in assaying or chemical analysis, a certain color in a stone | underground channel trace | vestige for water | v. interfoliada interfoliated vein vesubiana nf vesuvianite | leucitite | mixture of venaje nf quantity of water in a river calcite and hydromagnesite venera nf spring vesubianita nf vesuvianite venerillo nm [Tipuani, Bol] pay gravel in a vesuliano,-na adj Vesulian placer vesuliense adj Vesulian venero nm spring | source | mineralized vein | veta nf vein or lode, generally of lesser mineral deposit | bed or seam | [Arg] hidden importance than a filón | mineralized bed or or blind mineral deposit | [Bol] placer tin seam | streak or stripe in a rock | rib of ore in a deposit | [Bol, Pe] pay gravel in a placer vein, leader, or pay-streak | v. al sol vein with venida nf overflow of a river ore exposed at the surface | v. atravesada cross venido nm [Méx] talus, debris vein |v. bandeada ribbon or banded vein | v. venilla nf veinlet or stringer | small vein boba [Ch] large, unmineralized vein | v. venita nf stringer, veinlet | venite (variety of caldeadaal respaldo vein 'frozen' or 'welded' to migmatite) | v. de cuarzo quartz stringer wall rock | v. cateada vein explored by catas or venoso,-sa adj veined shallow pits or shafts |v. clavada [Col] vertical ventaja estructural nf [pet] structural advantage vein | v. clavera spotty vein | v. corrida ventana nf fenster, window | inlier | v. tectónica continuous vein | v. cortada cross-cutting vein | structural window v. crucera cross vein | v. de cajón inclined vein | ventanilla nf [Pe] natural opening in rock v. de carbón coal seam | v. de contacto contact ventisquero nm glacier lode | v. de cuarzo cross vein | v. de fisura venturiense adj Venturian fissure vein | v. de manto bedded or horizontal venturina nf aventurine quartz vein | v. de mineral ore vein | v. de relleno de verada nf foot path, trail falla fault vein | v. de resbalón vertical vein | v. veraneador nm [Col] person who works placers de sombra inclined vein (20° to 60°) | v. de only during dry season segregación exudation or segregated vein | v. de veraneo nm [Col] working of placers during dry sombra [Col] horizontal vein, manto | v. de tope season bunchy or beaded vein | v. débil weak vein | v. verano nm dry season (summer) desigual en mineral spotty vein | v. dislocadora verde adj green | nm green | verdigris | v. dislocating vein | v. echada inclined vein | v. en esmeralda emerald green cola de caballo horse tail vein | v. en conformidad verdemar adj sea green | nm sea green bedding-plane vein | v. en cuña gash vein | v. verdeoscuro,-ra adj dark green en radiación vein radiating from a common verdete nm verdigris center with other veins | v. en rosario linked or V-3

amygdaloid vein | v. escalonada ladder vein | v. viscoso,-sa adj viscous eslabonada linked vein | v. esteríl barren vein | viseano,-na adj Visean v.-filón fissure vein | v. forastera [Ch] newly visiense adj Visean discovered vein | v. formal strong vein | v. visita de minas nf [Potosí, Bol] annual interfoliada interfoliated vein | v. jornalera vein inspection by royal Spanish authorities of all whose yield just covers expenses leaving no mines and mills profit | v. madre main or mother lode | v. vista nf sight, view | v. en corte cross section | a manteada horizontal vein | v. muy tendida flat la vista in sight vein, bedded vein |v. rechazada dislocated vein vítreo,-ea adj glassy, vitreous | nf hyaline | v. robada [Col] vein which on working shows vítrico,-ca adj vitric signs of having been worked before | v. seca vitrificación nf vitrification barren vein | v. secundaria secondary vein | v. vitrificar vtr to vitrify sin crestones hidden or blind vein | v. socia vitrinoide nm vitrinoid companion vein | v. tabular tabular vein | v. vitrifírico,-ca adj vitriphyric transversal cross vein vitriofido nm vitrophyre vetarrón nm a large vein or lode vitriolo nm vitriol | v. azul copper sulfate | v. veteado,-da adj veined blanco zinc sulfate | v. de cobre chalcanthite | v. vetica nf veinlet de marto copperas | v. verde copperas veticilla nf veinlet vitrita nf vitrian | vitrite vetilla nf veinlet, leader | [Méx] slickensides vitroclarita nf vitroclarian vetita nf fiber | stringer | v. de cuarzo quartz vitrofídico,-ca adj vitrophyric stringer | v. de mineral streak vitrofiro nm vitrophyre vía nf gallery volastonita nf wollastonite vibertita nf bassanite volátil adj volatile vibrosísmica nf Vibroseis volatilización nf volatilization vicio nm defect, flaw volcado,-da adj inverted, overturned vicksburgiense adj Vicksburgian volcadura nf tilting vida nf life | v. media half-life volcamiento nm overturning vidrio nm glass | v. volcánico volcanic glass volcán nm volcano | landslide | [Col] flood | v. vidrioso,-sa adj glassy, vitrious activo active volcano | v. apagado or extinto vilemita nf willemite extinct volcano | v. de barro mud volcano | v. de villafranqiano,-na adj Villafranchian cono compuesto composite cone | v. de cono de villafranquense nm Villafranchian cenizas cinder cone | v. de escudo shield volcano vincularse a vpr to be related to | to be bound or | v. de lodo mud volcano | v. en escudo shield tied to volcano | v. estratificado stratovolcano | v. vindoboniano,-na adj Vindobonian estromboliano strombolian volcano | v. fango vindoboniense adj Vindobonian mud volcano | v. hawaiano Hawaiian or shield violana nf violan volcano | v. peleano Peleean volcano | v. virgen adj native as well as virgin, e.g. plata submarino submarine volcano virgen 'native silver' | pure volcanicidad nf volcanism virgencía nf virgence volcánico,-ca adj volcanic virgiliense adj Virgilian volcanismo nm volcanism virgloriano,-na adj Anisian volcanista nm volcanist virgloriense adj Anisian volcanita nf volcanite virguliano,-na adj Virgulian volcanogénico,-ca adj volcanogenic virguliense adj Virgulian volcar vtr to invert, overturn | to dump viridina nf viridine, manganandalusite volframífero,-ra adj tungsten-bearing, virutas nfpl cuttings | v. de taladro drill cuttings tungstiferous viscometría nf viscometry volframio nm wolframite viscométro nm viscometer volframita nf wolframite viscosidad nf viscosity | v. cinemática kinematic voltear vtr to dump | to overturn viscosity | v. extrapolada extrapolated viscosity V-4 volumen nm volume | v. de los poros pore vuelta nf whorl | oxbow (of a river) | volume | v. de roca rock volume | v. poroso pore [Almadén, Sp] one complete operation in the volume Bustamente or aludel furnace | dar v. la plata volumétrico,-ca adj volumetric [Méx] to refine silver volumetro nm volumeter vulcanismo nm volcanism vómito nm [Col] outcrop vulcanología nf volcanology vorágine nf whirlpool vulcanologista nm volcanologist vórtice nm whirlpool vulcanólogo,-ga nm and nf volcanologist vraconiense adj Vraconian vulfenita nf wulfenite vuelco nm tilting, overturning | dumping | v. de estratos tilting of beds

W-1

W westfaliano,-na adj Westphalian westfaliense nm/adj Westphalian westgrenita nf bismutomicrolite Waaliense nm Waalian Weybourniense nm Weybournian waca nf wacke whartonita nf nickeliferous pyrite wacka nf wacke wheeleriense nm/adj Wheelerian wackenrodita nf wachenrodite Whitbense nm Whitbian waldheimita nf actinolite whitcliffiense nm/adj Whitcliffian walkerita nf pectolite whitherita nf witherite walmstedtita nf breunerite whitneyense nm/adj Whitneyan walpurgina nf walpurgite, waltherite wiborgita nf viborgite (obs, rapakivi granite) walpurgita nf walpurgite, waltherite wichtina nf wichtisite (obs, vitrophyritic diabase) waltherita nf walpurgite, waltherite wilcoxiense nm/adj Sabinian Waltonense nm Waltonian wilhemita nf willemite waluewita nf xanthophyllite wilinita nf idocrase wallerian nm hornblende wiltshireíta nf rathite wallerita nf greenstone williamsita nf antigorite wallongita nf wallongongite winche nm winch warrenita nf owyheeite or jamesonite | winchellita nf lintonite Pennsylvania oil (paraffin rich hydrocarbons) wisconsinense nm/adj Wisconsinan warringtonita nf brochantite wiserina nf anatase | xenotime warthita nf blödite wismutaurita nf native gold containing up to 3 warwicita nf warwickite percent bismuth Wasatchiense nm Wasatchian wittichita nf wittichenite, klaprothite washingtonita nf ilmenite wittingita nf altered rhodonite Washitense nm Washitan wocheinita nf bauxite wasita nf impure allanite wolchita nf bournonite Waucobense nm Waucoban wolfachita nf mixture of gersdorfite and waudi nm wadi ullmanite way nm oreway, chimney feeding an ore pass wolfcampiense nm/adj Wolfcampian Wealdense nm/adj Wealden wolfram nm tungsten | wolframite | w. blanco webnerita nf andorite calcium tungstate webskyita nf fibrous serpentine wolframífero,-ra nf tungsten-bearing, weibyeíta nf bastnesite tungstiferous weinschenkita nf churchite wolframio nm wolfram weissian nm scolecite wolfsbergita nf chalcostibite weissigita nf lithium allanite wolftonita nf hetairite Wemmelense nm Wemmelian wolnina nf barite wenlockiense nm/adj Wenlock wolnym nm barite wentzelita nf hureaulite wollongita nf wollongongite (a carbonaceous werfeniano,-na adj Werfenian | nm Werfenian shale) werfeniense nm/adj Werfenian woodbiniense nm/adj Woodbinian werhemannita nf aluminite woodfordita nf ettringite wernerismo nm Neptunism worobieffita nf cesium and lithium beryl werneritización nf dipyritization wurtzilita nf asphaltic pyrobitumin weslienita nf römerite westanita nf altered andalusite

X-1

X xenomorfo nm xenomorph xenón nm xenon | x.-x. xenon-xenon xenoporfirítico,-ca adj xenoporphyritic xairo,-ra adj [Col] skew, oblique xenotermal adj xenothermal xalostocita nf landerite (var grossularite) xenótima nf xenotime xanotoxeno nm xanthoxenite xenótina nf xenotime xantato nm xanthate xenotípala nf cenotypal xanthokón nm a variety of diamond xenotoba nf xenotuff xantiosita nf xanthiosite xenotópico,-ca adj xenotopic xantita nf xanthite (var vesuvianite) xérico,-ca adj xeric xantoarsenita nf sarkinite xerotérmico,-ca adj xerothermic | nm xantoconita nf xanthoconite xerothermic xantocroíta nf greenockite xihuitl nm [Méx.] turquoise xantofilita nf clintonite xilantita nf fossil wood xantopirita nf pyrite xiloide nm xyloide xantorita nf xanthorthite (altered allanite) xilito,-ta adj xyloid | nm xyloide xantosiderita nf goethite xilópalo nm wood opal, opalized wood xantoxenita nf xanthoxenite xilotilo nm xylotile xantotitano nm xanthitane (alteration product of xylantita nf xylanthite sphene) xylenita nf xylenite, xylinite xenoblástico,-ca adj xenoblastic xylinita nf xylenite, xylinite xenoblasto nm xenoblast xylinoide nm xylinoid xenobloque nm xenolith | erratic block xylita nf xylith, xylite | Fe-palygorskite xenocristal nm xenocryst xylito nm xylith, xylite xenocristo nm xenocryst xylochloro nm green apophyllite xenofiro nm xenophyre (obs, dike) xylocriptita nf xylokryptite (var schererite) xenogenito,-ta adj epigenetic xyloide adj xyloid xenogenuoso,-sa adj epigenetic xylolitha nf petrified wood xenoíquico,-ca adj xenoikic (obs, poikilitic) xylopal nm wood opal xenolita nf xenolite | xenolith xylotilo nm xylotile (probably an altered xenolítico,-ca adj xenolithic chrysotile asbestos) | fibrous serpentine xenolito nm xenolith xylovitrian nm euvitrian xenomórfico,-ca adj xenomorphic xylovitriano nm euvitrian xenomórfico-granular adj xenomorphic xenomorfismo nm xenomorphism

Y-1

Y yalakomita nf [BC, Méx] yalakomite (a serpentinized ultrabasic rock used as a decorative stone) yacente adj lying, deposited | nm footwall yamagutilita nf oyamalite (var zircon) yacer vintr to be lying down, deposited | to be yamasquita nf yamaskite (obs, amphibole located | y. con to lie or be deposited with | y. jacupirangite) con discordancia to lie discordantly yamatoita nf yamatoite yaciente adj lying, deposited | nm footwall yanacona nm a miner who works a mine leased yacimiento nm bed, deposit | ore deposits | y. from an absentee owner agotado exhausted deposit, worked out deposit yanolita nf axinite | y. anticlinal deposit occuring within an yapa nf mercury added to silver ore to facilitate anticline | y. con capa gasífera oil field with a extraction gas cap | y. de carbón coal deposit | y. de yapar vtr to add mercury to silver ore condensado condensate deposit | y. de contacto yarda nf yard of three feet | y. cuadrada square contact metamorphic deposit | y. de hierro de los yard | y. cúbica cubic yard | y. graduada de pantanos bog iron ore deposit | y. de medir yardstick impregnación impregnation or disseminated yardaje nm yardage deposit | y. de magma líquido liquid magmatic yareta nf [Bol, Pe, Ch] a resinous moss found in deposit | y. de segregación segregation deposit | the Altiplano and used as a fuel y. de substitución replacement deposit | y. en Yarmouth nm Yarmouthian, Yarmouth aluviones placer deposit | y. en masa massive yaroslavita nf yaroslavite deposit | y. epigenético epigenetic deposit | y. yarrowita nf yarrowite epitermal epithermal deposit | y. escondido blind yasa nf dry stream or buried deposit | y. estratificado stratified yatalita nf yatalite (obs, var pegmatite) deposit | y. estratiforme stratiform deposit | y. yauca nf [Pe] a smooth, black clay with greasy filoniano vein deposit | y. hipogénico hypogene lustre found in veins deposit | y. hipotermal hypothermal deposit | y. yavapaiíta nf yavapaiite hullero coal field | y. lenticular alargado shoe yeatmanita nf yeatmanite string sand deposit | y. magmático magmatic yébel nm mountain, djebel, jebel deposit | y. mesotermal mesothermal deposit | yedlinita nf yedlinite y. metalífero metalliferous mineral deposit | y. yelero nm [Ve] a windy place on a snow-capped metasomático metasomatic deposit | y. mineral mountain mineral deposit | y. no metálico non-metallic yenerita nf yenerite mineral deposit | y. pegmatítico pegmatitic yenita nf ilvaite deposit | y. petrolífero oil filed | y. plutónico yentnita nf yentnite obs plutonic deposits | y. pneumatolítico Yeovilense nm Yeovilian pneumatolytic deposit | y. primario primary or yerba nf a flaw in an emerald hypogene deposit | y. salino saline or evaporite yermo,-ma adj uninhabited | nm desert deposits | y. secundario secondary or supergene yesal nm gypsum mine | gypsum deposit deposit | y. singenético syngenetic deposit | y. yesar nm gypsum mine | gypsum deposit submarino de hidrocarburos offshore hydrocarbon yesera nf gypsum pit | gypsum kiln deposit | y. superficial surface or surficial yesería nf gypsum kiln deposit | y. supergénico supergene deposit | y. yesero,-ra adj plaster | nm preparer and vendor subvolcánico subvolcanic deposit | y. tabular of gypsum tabular deposit | y. virgen unexploited deposit yesífero,-ra adj containing gypsum, gypsiferous yafsoanita nf yafsoanite yeso nm gypsum | chalk | plaster | y. anhidro yagiíta nf yagiite anhydrous plaster | y. arenoso gypsum sand | yakatagita nf yakatagite y. bandeado banded gypsum | y. blanco whiting, yakutense adj Yakutsk | nm Yakutsk finishing plaster | y. de enlucir gypsum plaster Yakutskense nm Yakutsk | y. de estucar gypsum plaster | y. de París plaster of Paris | y. de vaciar casting plaster | y. duro cement plaster | y. en cola de golondrina Y-2

selenite | y. espático selenite | y. especular ypresiano,-na adj Ypresian selenite | y. fétido bituminous gypsum | y. Ypresense nm Ypresian | adj Ypresian fibroso fibrous gypsum | y. mate plaster of Paris yterbio nm ytterbium | y. negro patent plaster | y. selenita selenite ytrio nm yttrium yesón nm gypsum cap | chunk of plaster ytriogranate nm yttrian garnet yesoso,-sa adj gypseous, rich in gypsum | ytroilmenita nf samarskite chalky ytterbita nf gadolinite-(Y) yesosos nmpl [Aguascalientes, Méx] copper ores ytterita nf tengerite having a calcite or flourite matrix yttrialita nf thorium thalenite yftisita nf yftisite yttrita nf gadolinite-(Y) yimengita nf yimengite yttriumapatito nm yttrium apatite yixunita nf yixunite yttrobetafita nf yttrobetafite yneziense adj/nm Ynezian yttrocalcita nf yttrian fluorite yodado,-da adj iodized | containing iodine yttrocerita nf cerian fluorite yodar vtr to iodize yttrocolombita nf samarskite yodárgira nf iodargyrite yttrofluorita nf yttrian fluorite yodargirita nf iodargyrite yttrogummita nf altered uraninite yodato nm iodate yttrohatchettolita nf uranpyrochlore yoderita nf yoderite yttroniobita nf samarskite yodíco,-ca adj iodic yttro-ortita nf allanite-(Y) yodirita nf iodargyrite yttropirocloro nm yttropyrochlore yodo nm iodine | y.-amonio ammonium iodate yttrotitanita nf yttrium titanite yodobromita nf iodian bromargyrite yu nm yú (var jade) yodoembolita nf iodargyrite yuconita nf yukonite yodostonolita nf manganese pyrochlore yugawaralita nf yungawaralite yoduración nf iodization yuksporita nf pectolite. yodurado,-da adj iodized yungas nf [Ch, Pe, Bo] humid valleys on the east yodurar vtr to iodize side of the Andes yoduro nm iodide | y. de hidrógeno hydroiodic yusano,-na adj in a lower place (i.e. the footwall) acid | y. de plata iodargyrite, iodyrite | y. yusente adj that rises or falls with the ebb tide | mercuriosos mercurious iodine n.f. ebb yofortierita nf yofortierite yusero,-ra adj in a lower place (i.e. the footwall) yohídrico,-ca adj hydroiodic yuso adv below (i.e. in the footwall) yohnstonolita nf manganese pyrope yuxtaponer vtr to juxtapose yohnstrupita nf mosandrite yuxtaposición nf juxtaposition Yorkiense nm Yorkian yuxtapuesto,-ta adj juxtaposed yosemitgranítico,-ca adj granitic yuxtalineal adj juxtalinear yoshimuraita nf yoshimuraite yuxtaposición nf juxtaposition

Z-1

Z zambullidor nm [Col] workman who dives underwater to recover auriferous gravels zambullir vtr [Col] to extract auriferous gravels zabaleta nf [Linares, Sp] ash-pit of a furnace from a streambed by diving, with the zaborra nf paving stone | gravel, grit | assistance of ladders, poles etc., the gravels screenings | fragments usually being collected in bateas for washing zaborro nm [Sp] chunk of plaster zancleano,-na nm/adj Zanclean zaca nf a large leather bag, like an oversize zangarro nm [Asientos, Méx] small mill wine-skin (zaque) used to bail water out of a zanja nf ditch, channel, trench | trench, cutting, mine or pit, such as those dug to prospect for ores | zafareche nm lake | reservoir [Arg, PR] ravine, gully | z. de exploración test zafir nm archaic spelling of zafiro trench | z. de lodo mud pit | z. de préstamo zafireo,-ea adj sapphire-colored borrow pit zafirino,-na adj sapphirine, sapphire-colored | zanjadora nf ditching machine, ditcher nf blue chalcedony or agate zanjar vtr to dig a ditch or trench (note: used zafirita nf a variety of blue chalcedony figuratively, zanjar means to overcome some zafiro nm sapphire | ultramarine, lapis lazuli | difficulty or obstacle) z. amarillo yellow topaz, oriental topaz | z. zanjeador nm ditch digger asteria star sapphire | z. azul blue hyaline zanjeadora nf ditcher corundum | z. azul hembra light blue hyaline zanjear vtr to dig a ditch corundum | z. azul macho dark blue hyaline zanjeo nm ditching, ditch digging | underhand corundum | z. blanco colorless sapphire, white stoping sapphire | z. calcedonioso milky blue sapphire zanjón nm large or deep ditch or trench | [Arg] | z. de agua gem cordierite | z. del Brasil blue steep gully | [PR] solution corridor tourmaline, indicolite | z. Du Puy Du Puy zanoga nf glacial cirque sapphire (from Expailly, near Du Puy, France) zapa nf sapping, undermining, or trenching as | z. estrellado sapphire with asterism | z. falso military engineers did in the days of seige pink tourmaline | z. girasol girasol sapphire | warfare | intermediate galleries driven z. ojo de gato cat's-eye sapphire | z. oriental between main galleries light blue sapphire, oriental sapphire | z. rojo zapadora nf excavator oriental ruby, red corundum | z. verdadero zapapico nm pick-axe, mattock saffire | z. verde oriental emerald, green zapar vtr to undermine | to excavate hyaline corundum | z. violeta oriental zapatalita nf zapatalite amethyst, violet hyaline corundum zaranda nf sieve, screen, or riddle, either used zafra nf gangue, waste rock by hand (de mano) or mechanical zafre nm zaffer or zaffre, an oxide of cobalt zarandado,-da adj sieved, screened zafrero nm common laborer in a mine (usually zarandador,-dora nm/nf screener, siever applied to muckers) zarandar vtr to sift, sieve, screen zagalone nm [Cartagena and Almagrera, Sp] zarandear vtr to sift, sieve, screen youth employed as an orebearer zarandeo nm sifting sieving, or screening | z. zahén adj of fine gold, generally in the case of grosero rough screening coinage zarandero,-ra nm or nf sifter, screen tender zahena nf doubloon, an old Spanish coin zarandillo nm small sieve zahondar vtr to sink | vintr to deepen zaratita nf zaratite zahorra nf ballast stone zarco,-ca adj light blue zaïrita nf zaïrite zarda nf [Arg] a type of bit used for drilling zakharovita nf zakharovite wells zala nf borax zarzo nm roof timber in a mine zamarra nf slab | bloom of a Catalonian forge zavaritskita nf zavaritskite zamboninita nf mixture of fluorite and sellaite zektzerita nf zektzerite | nontronite zellerita nf zellerite zemannita nf zemannite Z-2 zemorriense nm/adj Zemorrian zincocalcita nf zinc calcite zenit nm zenith zincocopiapita nf zincocopiapite zenital adj azimuthal, zenithal zincoferrita nf franklinite zeofilita nf zeophyllite zincolivenita nf zinc olivine zeolita nf zeolite | z. azul lazulite | z. barítica zinconisa nf hydrozincite, calamine barium zeolite | z. bronceada dark stilbite | z. zincoschefferita nf zinc schefferite cálcica calcium zeolite | z. cúbica chabazite | z. zincosita nf zinc sulfate calcífera calcium zeolite | z. de Borkhult zincoso,-sa adj zincous, zincic zeolitized anorthite | z. de Bretaña laumontite zincrodocrosita nf zinc rhodochrosite | z. de Edelfors edelforsite | z. de Sudermania zincrömerita nf zinc römerite spodumene | z. de Suecia spodumene | z. del zincrosasita nf zincrosasite Cabo prehnite | z. dura analcime | z. férrica zincsiderita nf zinc siderite iron zeolite | z. harinosa laumontite | z. zincsilita nf zincsilite manganésica manganese zeolite | z. nacarada zincteallita nf mixture of teallite and wurtzite stilbite | z. potásica potassium zeolite | z. zinc-zippeita nf zinc-zippeite radiada mesolite | z. roja edelforsite | z. sódica zinkaragonito nm nicholsonite sodium zeolite | z. sodicálcica sodium-calcium zinkboothita nf zinc boothite zeolite zinkenita nf zinkenite zeolítico,-ca adj zeolitic zinkhausmannita nf hetairite zeolitización nf zeolitization zinkisa nf tin sulfide zermattita nf chrysotile | antigorite zinkita nf zincite zeugira nf metabrushite zinkmelanterita nf zinc melanterite zeunerita nf zeunerite zinkosita nf zinc sulfate zeuxita nf acicular ferrous tourmaline zinkphyllita nf hopeite zeylanita nf ceylonite zinntitanita nf stanniferous sphene zeyringita nf calcite | aragonite zinnwaldita nf zinnwaldite zeyssatita nf randanite zinopel nm red jasper mixed with gold-bearing zhemchuzhnikovita nf zhemchuzzhnikovite pyrite zianita nf kyanite zinque nm zinc (archaic spelling) ziguelina nf a brick-red var cuprite (mixed with zippeita nf zippeite limonite) | dolomite with finely disseminated ziquitumba nf dewatering of a mine by hand cinnabar labor zigzag nm zigzag | en z. staggered zircarbita nf zirconium carbonate zigzaguear vtr to zigzag zircofilita nf zircophyllite zillerita nf tremolite-actinolite asbestos (var zircón nm zircon | z. favas baddeleyite mountain cork) zirconiana nf zircon-bearing nepheline syenite zillerthita nf tremolite-actinolite asbestos (var zirconio nm zirconium mountain cork) zirconita nf zircon zimapanita nf zimapanite (a rejected mineral zircón-jacinto nm rosembuschite species) zircón-pectolita nm rosembuschite zinalsita nf zinalsite zirconolita nf zirkelite zinc nm zinc | z. carbonatado smithsonite | z. zircosulfato nm zircosulfate electrotérmico electrothermic zinc | z. zirkelita nf zirkelita hidrocarbonatado hydrozincite, calamine | z. zirklerita nf zirklerite oxidado silicífero calamine, hydrozincite zirkofilita nf zircophyllite zincaluminita nf zincaluminite zirlita nf allophane zincazurita nf mixture of zinc sulfates and zirsinalita nf zirsinalite copper carbonates, zinkazurite ziszás nm zigzag | en z. staggered zincífero,-ra adj zinc-bearing, zinciferous zittavita nf zittavite zinckenita nf zinckenite zoantariense nm Zoantarian zinc-melanterita nf zinc-melanterite zöblitzita nf serpentine zincobotriogen nm zincobotryogen zobtenita nf gabbro-gneiss Z-3 zócalo nm basement, continental platform | z. injection zone | z. de las coraínas (30-90 m continental continental shelf, continental plain water depth) | z. de las laminarias (0-30 m | z. estable table shelf or platform | z. insular water depth) z. de los corales (100-500 m water insular shelf | z. lábil tectonically formed depth) | z. de meteorización zone of weathering platform or shelf | z. liminar continental plain | z. de mobilidad asthenosphere | z. de pérdida zocollar vtr [Ec] to clear land (preparatory to de circulación de lodo lost circulation zone | z. mining) de saturación saturation zone | z. de saturación zoesita nf fossiliferous chalcedony intermitente zone of intermittent saturation | z. zoicita nf zoisite de sedimentación zone of deposition | z. de zoisita nf zoisite subsidencia subsidence z. | z. de transformación zoisitaoligoclasapegmatita nf oligoclase zoisite metamórfica metamorphic transformation zone pegmatite | z. de transición transition zone | z. de zona nf zone. | area (as in la zona estudiada 'the trituración crush zone | z. de turbulencia zone study area') | region, belt (as in zona of turbulence | z. de vórtices whirl-zone | z. mineralizada 'mineralized region' or 'belt.') | débil weak zones in the crust that form layer or band of mineral in a vein (as in zonas geosynclines | z. disfótica dysphotic zone | z. de cuarzo, 'quartz bands') | z. abisal abyssal eufótica euphotic zone | z. explotada stope | z. zone | z. abismal abyssal zone | z. aciete-agua extérnida external zone (in alpine folding) | z. oil-water contact | z. aclinal aclinal area | z. fallada fault zone | z. firme terra firma | z. afótica aphotic zone | z. alterada [seis] fluida lower crust | z. fracturada fracture zone weathered zone | z. batial bathyal zone | z. | upper crust | z. fuente de contaminación [env] ciega [seis] blind zone | z. comprobada proven area source | z. glacial glacial zone | z. zone | z. contaminada contaminated zone | z. infiltrada infiltration zone | z. interfacial or contigua contiguous zone | z. cortical upper interfase interface | z. intermedia intermediate crust | z. costera coastal zone (to 200 m depth) belt | that part of a geosyncline where | z. crítica [topo] critical z. | z. de ablación mountain-building occures | z. intérnida ablation area | z. de abrasión abrasion platform internal zone (in alpine folding ) | z. inundada | z. de acumulación accumulation zone | z. de flooded zone | z. glaciar or glacial glacial z. | z. aeración zone of suspended water | z. de intertidal intertidal z. | z. límite limiting zone agotamiento zone of depletion | z. de alteración | z. litoral coastal zone | z. marina de jurisdición alteration zone. | z. de anamorfismo nacional exclusive economic z. | z. mediánida anamorphic zone | z. de arranque root zone | z. zone of folding | z. medída zone of folding | z. de Benioff Benioff zone | z. de capas plegadas mésida zone of folding | z. metamórfido zone of folded zone | z. de capilaridad capillary fringe maximum metamorphism | z. miogeosinclinal | z. de catamorfismo katamorphic zone | z. de miogeosyncline | z. miomagmática cementación zone of cementation | z. de miogeosyncline | z. muerta dead zone | z. cizalladura shear zone | z. de cizallamiento néritica neritic z. | z. no comprobada unproven shear zone | z. de contacto contact zone | z. de zone, untested area | z. petrolífera oil zone | z. deposición zone of deposition | z. de plegada folded zone | z. polar polar zone | z. derrumbamiento zone of caving (in a well) | z. por escalones stoping ground | z. por escalones de desarollo development zone, pay zone | z. en escalón stoping level | z. positiva positive de descargo zone of discharge | z. de dislocación segment [of earth's crust] | z. productora fault zone | z. de drenaje drainage area | z. de productive zone, producing zone | z. rígida erosión zone of erosion | z. de explotación stable zone | z. sísmica seismic zone or area | producing zone | z. de fallas fault zone, zone z. de sombra [gephys] shadow zone | z. of faulting | z. de flujo zone of flow or plastic templada temperate zone | z. tórrida torrid flow | z. de fracturamiento or fracturación or zone | z. vadosa vadose z.| en z. [cryst] zoned fractura fracture zone | z. de hundamiento zone zonación nf zonation. | z. metasomática of subsidence | z. de iluviación zone of metasomatic zoning illuviation | z. de infiltración zone of zonado,-da adj zoned infiltration | z. de inundación flood area | z. de zonal adj zonal invasión invasion zone | z. de inyección zonalidad nf zonality, zoning Z-4 zonamiento nm zoning zonar adj zoned compositionally (as for a magma) zonga nf [Col] rubble stone zonificación nf zoning zonita nf [Ariz] local term for multicolored chert and jasper zonización nf [Arg] zoning zonoclorita nf zonochlorite (var pumpellyite) zonulo nm zonule zoofásmico,-ca adj zoophasmic zoógeno,-na adj of organic origin zoogeografía nf zoogeography zoolita nf sedimentary rock formed exclusively or predominantly from animal remains | biolith | zoolith zoolito nm fossilized animal zopetero nm embankment, slope zorgita nf mixture of claustalite, tiemannite, and umangite zorita nf zorite zorra nm [Bol] flatcar used in a mine to carry equipment | [Méx] assistant who carried a light for the chief miner when the latter went underground zubía nf channel, pool, swamp zuloagense nm/adj Zuloagan zunyita nf zunyite zurdo nm a shaft sunk opposite the dipping side of a vein. (this is, of course, opposite from the side of a vein one normally sinks a shaft on, unless one intends to stope from below; hence, the use of zurdo, which normally means 'lefty' or 'southpaw', and in Hispanic cultures carries negative and unlucky connotations) zurlia nf mellilite zurrapa nf dregs, lees or sediment | raw sulpher containing 5 to 6% impurities zurrapiento,-ta adj muddy, turbid zurraposo,-sa adj muddy, turbid zurrón nm leather bag or sack, holding about 150 lbs., used to haul ore zurronero nm workman who carries ore or waste in a zurrón zussmanita nf zussmanite zvyagintsevita nf zvyagintsevite zweiselita nf zweiselite zykaita nf zykaite