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"The Greeks in the History of the Black Sea" Report
DGIV/EDU/HIST (2000) 01 Activities for the Development and Consolidation of Democratic Stability (ADACS) Meeting of Experts on "The Greeks in the History of the Black Sea" Thessaloniki, Greece, 2-4December 1999 Report Strasbourg Meeting of Experts on "The Greeks in the History of the Black Sea" Thessaloniki, Greece, 2-4December 1999 Report The opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 5 Introductory remarks by James WIMBERLEY, Head of the Technical Cooperation and Assistance Section, Directorate of Education and Higher Education.................................................................................................................... 6 PRESENTATIONS -Dr Zofia Halina ARCHIBALD........................................................................11 -Dr Emmanuele CURTI ....................................................................................14 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Dr Constantinos CHATZOPOULOS..........................................................................17 APPENDIX I LIST OF PARTICIPANTS.........................................................................................21 APPENDIX II PROGRAMME OF THE SEMINAR.........................................................................26 APPENDIX III INTRODUCTORY PRESENTATION BY PROFESSOR ARTEMIS XANTHOPOULOU-KYRIAKOU.............................................................................30 -
1995-2005 Celebrating the ECML's 10Th Anniversary
ECML: a Centre to promote language education in Europe 1995-2005 Celebrating the ECML’s 10th anniversary COUNCIL CONSEIL OF EUROPE DE L'EUROPE The ECML today – 10 years promoting language education in Europe I congratulate the ECML on its valuable contribution to ensuring that the language policies and instruments developed by the experts are transmitted to the people who count the most: the language teachers and language learners of Europe. Terry Davis, Secretary General of the Council of Europe Speaking and understanding one another’s language is a funda- mental prerequisite for being able to live together in a Europe without dividing lines. To assist in this challenge, the Council of Europe has created the European Centre for Modern Languages, an institution whose specific mission is to improve the practice of language education throughout Europe. Founded in Graz,Austria, the ECML has been working since 1995 with leading experts and institutions in the languages field. The Centre’s activities are organised within a project-based program- me - providing training for multipliers, promoting professional development for practitioners and facilitating the work of net- works of specialists on priority issues in language education. Over the past 10 years, policy and professional development needs have been radically transformed through political develop- ments and the convergence of new information technologies. With a focus on developing innovative approaches to language teaching, the Centre is ideally placed to act as a catalyst and pro- vide means of support for the implementation of educational reform within its member states. Based upon the underlying values of the Council of Europe, the ECML supports the fostering of linguistic and cultural diversity and the promotion of plurilingualism and pluriculturalism among European citizens. -
III: France: the Front National
France: The Front National 41 III: France: The Front National Nonna Mayer, Mariette Sineau Chapitre à paraître en 2002 dans le livre dirigé par Helga Amsberger, Brigitte Halbmayr eds. Rechtsextreme Parteien Leverkusen Leske & Budrich Avec l'autorisation de l'éditeur. 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 42 2. Presentation of the French Front National .............................................................................. 43 2.1. History.................................................................................................................................. 43 2.2. Ideas..................................................................................................................................... 45 2.3. Voters and supporters........................................................................................................... 46 2.4. Party structure and networks................................................................................................ 47 2.5. Political opportunities .......................................................................................................... 48 3. Women voters and women candidates......................................................................................... 49 3.1. Women voters ...................................................................................................................... 49 3.2. Women candidates and elected officials ............................................................................. -
50 Jahre Europarat
Uwe Holtz (Hrsg.) 50 Jahre Europarat (Schriften des Zentrums für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Bd. 17) Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft Baden-Baden 2000 1 3 Inhalt Vorwort 9 Uwe Holtz 50 Jahre Europarat - Eine Einführung 11 I. Die Entwicklung des Europarats und seine Perspektiven 37 Daniel Tarschys 50 Jahre Europarat: der Weg nach einem Europa ohne Trennungslinien 39 Bruno Haller Das paneuropäische Mandat des Europarats 51 Walter Schwimmer Zwölf Sterne für Europa - Warum der Europarat für ein friedliches und demokratisches Europa unersetzlich ist 71 II. Die Parlamentarische Versammlung - treibende Kraft des Europarats 77 Joern Stegen Die Rolle der Parlamentarischen Versammlung als Motor des Europarats 79 Leni Fischer Drei Jahre an der Spitze der Parlamentarischen Versammlung 91 Peter Schieder Die Rolle der Fraktionen im Europarat 101 III. Demokratie und Menschenrechte 109 Heinrich Klebes Demokratieförderung durch den Europarat 111 Wolfgang Strasser 45 Jahre Menschenrechtsinstitutionen des Europarats - Bilanz und Perspektiven 121 5 Dorthe Breucking Schutz der Menschenrechte und der sozialen Grundrechte 139 Rudolf Bindig Regionaler Menschenrechtsschutz in Europa: Der schwierige Weg zur Normsetzung zum Schutz von Minderheiten beim Europarat 149 Michèle Roth Zur Mitwirkung von Nichtregierungsorganisationen - Gemeinsames Engagement zum Schutz der Menschenrechte 159 Andrea Steenbrecker Politisches Monitoring im Europarat 171 IV. Die Bedeutung des Europarats für Mitgliedsländer und seine Rolle als internationaler Akteur 183 Johannes Dohmes Die -
Congressional Hearing Focuses on Ukraine's Presidential Election
INSIDE:• Cracks in Kaniv Four coalition? — page 3. • What the diaspora can and should do for Ukraine — page 7. • New York School of Ukrainian Studies marks 50th — pages 8-11. Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXVII HE No.KRAINIAN 43 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1999 EEKLY$1.25/$2 in Ukraine CongressionalT hearingU focuses Ukraine’s seatW on Security Council on Ukraine’s presidential election product of extensive lobbying effort by Yaro Bihun Kazakstan and Georgia, and now senior by Roman Woronowycz representatives of their respective regions. Special to The Ukrainian Weekly advisor to the Helsinki Commission; Nadia Kyiv Press Bureau The only contested spot was the East Diuk, regional director for Central and European region’s seat, and the contenders WASHINGTON – The October 31 pres- Eastern Europe and the new independent KYIV – Ukraine’s success in obtaining were Ukraine and Slovakia. idential election in Ukraine and its possible states at the National Endowment for a non-permanent seat on the United Ukraine ultimately prevailed over effects on the future of Ukraine and U.S.- Democracy (NED); Michael Conway, sen- Nations Security Council on October 14 Slovakia – but only after three earlier Ukraine relations were the focus of a brief- ior program officer for the new independent came only after an extensive and effective rounds of voting proved indecisive. ing on October 15 at the U.S. Congress. states at the International Foundation for lobbying effort by its New York-based Slovakia withdrew its nomination before Organized by the U.S. -
Parity/Disparity: Electoral Gender Inequality on the Tightrope of Liberal Constitutional Traditions
Parity/Disparity: Electoral Gender Inequality on the Tightrope of Liberal Constitutional Traditions * Darren Rosenblum TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 1121 I. THE PARIAH OF PARITY..................................................................... 1127 A. Parity, a Profoundly Foreign Concept ....................................... 1127 1. Sex Discrimination, Not Representation........................ 1127 2. Voting Rights Law and Gender ...................................... 1129 a. Political Representation Remedies Center on Race ......................................................................... 1129 b. Existing Political Representation Remedies Do Not and Cannot Apply to Women........................... 1131 B. Quotas: The Universal Anathema............................................. 1133 1. Liberal Rejection of Quotas.............................................. 1133 2. Critical Theory Rejection of Quotas................................ 1134 3. Quotas, Descriptive Representation, and Essentialism................................................................ 1135 II. FRENCH PARITY: OBTAINING WOMEN’S EQUALITY THROUGH DIFFERENCE ..................................................................... 1137 A. Parity: History, Passage, and Effectiveness .............................. 1138 1. French Consideration of Parity from the 1880s to the Early 1990s ......................................................................... 1138 2. -
The Future of the European Union
N°65/December 2018 EPFMA BULLETIN European Parliament Former Members Association www.formermembers.eu The Future of the European Union FMA Activities FMA Activities Democracy Visit under the EU Support Presidency Page 21 Page 27 2 FMA BULLETIN 65 - DEC 2018 IN THIS ISSUE 03 Message from the President 15 Employment and social LATEST NEWS 04 EP at work solidarity in Europe (Emilia Müller) 30 Activities 16 Our European Challenge: SPECIAL EDITION a Clean Energy Union 32 New members (José Blanco López) 35 New publications 06 The essential Europe 17 An effective Europe moves (Miguel Angel Martinez Martinez) 36 In memoriam forward on two legs (Jean-Marie 08 The Future... Beaupuy) (Herman Van Rompuy) 18 The Future of Europe 09 The structure and functioning (Walter Schwimmer) of the EU (José-María Gil-Robles) 19 FP-AP Colloquy on the Future 10 Europe goes to the polls of Europe (Brigitte Langenhagen (Valéry Giscard d’Estaing) and Jean-Pierre Audy) 11 Time of adopting a new EU budget matters (Ivailo Kalfin) FMA ACTIVITIES The European Parliament 12 The coming challenges of 21 Democracy Support celebrated the 70th globalization (Ana Palacio) anniversary of the Universal 22 EP to Campus Programme Declaration of Human Rights The EU’s security and defence 13 26 Former Members’ Network during the week of 19-23 cooperation (Elmar Brok) November 2018. 27 Visit under the EU Presidency 14 Future of the CAP (Peter Baco) 29 Co-operation with the EUI 30 Photo report Cover: ©European Parliament CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS: The Editorial Board would like to thank all those members who took the time to contribute to this issue of the FMA Bulletin. -
Final Conclusion
887 X . FINAL CONCLUSION 1 . THE LONG ROAD TO BRUSSELS: ATTEMPTS, FAILURES AND SUCCESSES – EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS In the wake of World War I, four great European empires collapsed, and specifically, in chronological order, the Russian Tsarist Empire (1917), the German Empire of the Kaiser (1918), the Habsburg Monarchy (1918), and the Ottoman Empire (1922–23). The political, economic, and psychological consequences for those generations of people who were accustomed to living in those great empires over centuries proved to be catastrophics. That was true in particular for the empire on the Danube. It was not by chance that the “Paneurope” construct of ideas and the movement accompanied by it which had been initiated by Count Richard N. Coudenhove-Kalergi found very fertile ground in Vienna, where the collapse and end of the Habsburg empire was felt especially bitterly in its capital. Added to this was the forced Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) as a foiled Austrian state treaty, which had to be painfully perceived as the outcome of the bankrupt assets of the empire on the Danube. The new republican order was a founding of a state against its will (see chapter I). It was not “Europe”, but rather the German Reich that was regarded as provid- ing room for hope and a future, as was expressed in the Anschluss movement of the 1920s. The victorious powers attempted to suppress this both with the Geneva Protocols (1922) and through the Lausanne Loans (1932) and to cover it with a prohibition against Anschluss of, in each case, twenty years (up to 1942 and 1952, respectively). -
The Campaign for Parity in Political Institutions in France
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Modern Languages Publications Archive The campaign for parity in political institutions in France Gill Allwood 21 April 1994 was the 50th anniversary of the acquisition by French women ofthe right to vote and to stand for political office. However, although women now exercise their right to vote to the same extent as men, there has been no significant increase in their presence in sites of power since 1945. Whilst it is hardly surprising that there were only 33 women députées as a result of the first elections by truly universal suffrage, the fact that there are now only 34 is more so. Women make up 53% of the electorate, 54% of university students, and almost half of the working population, and yet only 5.77% of the national legislature, putting France at the bottom of the European table with Greece.’ This contrasts starkiy with the Scandinavian countries, where women’s rep- resentation in parliament is between 30 and 40%; Germany and the Nether- lands, where it is over 20% and even Spain where it is 14.6%. Why are women so badly represented in France? One of the factors specific to France which has produced such an under-rep- resentation of women is the legacy of the Revolution and the Napeolonic Code, which was one of the main reasons for the delay in French women’s acquisition of social and political rights. The central rôle played by the concept of the universal in French republican values also served to mask the fact that there were differences between citoyens and citoyennes. -
Why Are Gender Quotas Adopted?
PRQXXX10.1177/10659129114145 41459090Murray et al.Political Research Quarterly Political Research Quarterly 65(3) 529 –543 Why Are Gender Quotas Adopted? © 2012 University of Utah Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Party Pragmatism and Parity in France DOI: 10.1177/1065912911414590 http://prq.sagepub.com Rainbow Murray1, Mona Lena Krook2, and Katherine A. R. Opello3 Abstract The passage of electoral gender quotas raises questions about why male elites would support policies that seemingly go against their self-interests. Recent work on France suggests that quota adoption is self-interested because male legislators benefit from alleged voter bias against female candidates. This article evaluates this explanation as a means for understanding quota adoption globally. It argues that the key actors are not legislators but political parties. Developing an alternative causal story centered on “party pragmatism,” it finds that decisions to introduce quotas are rational and consistent once a range of incentives—ideological, electoral, and strategic—are taken into account. Keywords comparative politics, elections and voting behavior, political organizations and parties, women and politics In recent years, gender quotas regulating the candidate consolidate control over rivals (Chowdhury 2002), and selection process have been adopted in more than one respond to international pressures (Krook 2006). These hundred countries. Although varied in format, these poli- accounts offer important insights into motivations cies stipulate that women constitute a minimum proportion behind quota policies. However, all three explanations of candidates and/or representatives. Quotas have been jus- remain at the macro level: they address influences and tified on the grounds that women constitute a small minor- determinants but do not closely explore actual decision- ity of elected officials—on average, only 19 percent of making processes. -
Republic of Croatia
Information Documents SG/Inf(2003) 14 4 April 2003 ———————————————— REPUBLIC OF CROATIA Official Visit of the Secretary General, Mr Walter Schwimmer (Zagreb, 3 – 4 March 2003) ———————————————— ITALY Official Visit of the Secretary General, Mr Walter Schwimmer (Rome and Naples, 12 – 14 March 2003) __________________________ SG/INF (2003) 14 2 REPUBLIC OF CROATIA (Zagreb, 3 - 4 January 2003) 1. From 3 to 4 March 2003, the Secretary General visited Zagreb, Croatia. 2. A first oral report was presented to the 830th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies on 5 March 2003. 3. The programme of the visit of the Secretary General and the composition of the delegation appear in Appendix 1. 4. During his visit, the Secretary General met with the President of Croatia, Mr. Stepjan Mesić. He also had talks with the Prime Minister, the President of the Parliament, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Vice Prime Minister, the Ministers of Justice and European Integration, and the Head of the Croatian Parliamentary Delegation to the PACE. 5. During his discussions with Croatian officials, the Secretary General raised the question of a Third Summit of the Council of Europe. 6. The Secretary General gave a lecture at the “Novinarski Dom” (House of Journalists” in Zagreb on 3 March on “The role of the Council of Europe in the One Europe: the relationship with the enlarged European Union”. The visit was largely covered both by the written and electronic media, and State TV and Radio (HRT) held an interview with the Secretary General at the end of his stay in Croatia. 7. During his visit, the Secretary General raised, in particular, the following issues: - The recent application of Croatia to the European Union; - Cooperation with the ICTY; - Property and occupancy/tenancy rights and return of refugees and displaced persons; - Minorities; - Media; - Cooperation with the Council of Europe and a Third Summit; - Regional cooperation. -
Inequities of Contemporary French Women Olivia Kuhlman Claremont Mckenna College
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2010 Inequities of Contemporary French Women Olivia Kuhlman Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Kuhlman, Olivia, "Inequities of Contemporary French Women" (2010). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 60. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/60 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLAREMONT McKENNA COLLEGE INEQUITIES OF CONTEMPORARY FRENCH WOMEN SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR HALEY AND DEAN GREGORY HESS BY OLIVIA KUHLMAN FOR SENIOR THESIS FALL /2010 NOV. 29, 2010 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Foundation of France’s Women’s Movement 3 The French Women’s Movement 4 History of French Women’s Education 6 History of French Women’s Participation in the Work Force 7 History of French Women’s Participation in Politics 9 Traditional Notion of French Women in Society 10 Chapter 1 12 Chapter 2 19 Chapter 3 28 Chapter 4 36 Conclusion 43 Education 43 Economics 45 Politics 47 French Society 49 Appendix A 52 Appendix B 54 Appendix C 57 Appendix D 58 Bibliography 59 Introduction As of 2010, women make up 49.76 percent of the world’s population, many of these women are underrepresented among high-level, leadership positions in places such as Mali, Yemen, Ethiopia, or, in other words, less developed, third world, countries. However, women’s absence amongst high-level, leadership positions still exists in wealthy, developed countries as well. In my thesis I will examine the level of representation of women in various realms of France’s society.